【高考突破方案】语法第五讲 形容词与副词 高考一轮总复习英语 （教师版） 译林版

第5讲　形容词与副词
考点一　形容词与副词的构成
Ⅰ.形容词后缀
ed形容词多表示主语所处的状态，意为“感到……的”，通常修饰人； ing形容词多表示主语所具有的特征，意为“令人……的”，通常修饰事或物。
Ⅱ.副词后缀
考点二　形容词与副词的基本用法
Ⅰ.形容词的基本用法
(1)形容词在句中可作定语、表语、(主语或宾语)补足语、状语等。
Although it doesn't taste of anything special, it's still worth a try.
尽管它尝起来没有任何特殊的地方，但还是值得一试。
(2)形容词作状语主要表示原因、结果或伴随等，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。
Light hearted and optimistic, she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.
她无忧无虑、积极乐观，是那种用微笑给别人带来阳光的人。
★以 ly结尾的形容词，常见的有likely、friendly、lovely、lively、lonely、elderly、deadly等。
Ⅱ.副词的基本用法
(1)副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或修饰整个句子，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。
Thankfully, I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.
谢天谢地，我终于打完比赛了，所有的辛苦最终都是值得的。
(2)常考的连接性副词和句式：though“然而，可是”(用于句末)；meanwhile“在此期间”；therefore/thus/consequently“因此，所以”；moreover/furthermore“而且，此外”；besides“再说；此外”；however“然而”；instead“相反，代替”；anyway/anyhow“尽管，即使这样”；otherwise“否则”。so/such…that… “如此……以至于”是常考句式。
The house was too expensive and too big. Besides, I'd grown fond of our little rented house.
这个房子太贵太大了。再说，我已经越来越喜欢我们租的这间小屋了。
Ⅲ.易用错的几类副词
(1)意义有别的同根副词。如：free(免费地)/freely(自由地)、hard(努力地)/hardly(几乎不)、late(晚，迟)/lately(最近)、most(很；最)/mostly(主要地)、fair(公平地)/fairly(相当地)、near(临近)/nearly(几乎)等。
(2)有些副词有两种形式：与形容词同形的表示具体意义；以 ly结尾时表示抽象意义。如：close接近/closely密切地；wide尽可能远地/widely广泛地；high高/highly非常；deep深地/deeply非常；深深地。
考点三　形容词与副词的比较等级
Ⅰ.形容词与副词的比较等级的构成
形容词与副词的比较等级分为：原级、比较级和最高级。原级即形容词与副词的原形。比较级和最高级的词形变化分规则变化和不规则变化两种。
1. 规则变化
词形分类及变化构成 原级 比较级 最高级
单音节词和少数双音节词 一般加 er或 est tall taller tallest
以 e结尾的，只加 r或 st nice nicer nicest
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写该辅音字母再加 er或 est big bigger biggest
hot hotter hottest
fat fatter fattest
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的，先变y为i再加 er或 est happy happier happiest
easy easier easiest
其他双 音节词 和多音 节词 在前面加more或most difficult more difficult most difficult
★表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent、extreme、perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。
2. 不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad (badly)/ill worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
old older/elder oldest/eldest
Ⅱ.形容词与副词的比较等级的用法
1. 平级比较
(1)用as…as…、not…as/so…as引导
Henry does not have as/so many books as I have.
亨利的书不如我的多。
(2)as＋形容词＋as＋数量词＝数量词＋形容词
The building is as tall as 100 meters.
＝The building is 100 meters tall.　　
这幢楼100米高。
2. 表示比较的特殊结构
(1)表示一方程度随另一方程度平行变化时，用“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”，意为“越……就越……”。
The busier he is, the happier he feels.
他越忙就越感到高兴。
(2)不与其他事物相比较，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级＋and＋比较级”结构，意为“越来越……”。
Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.
我们学校变得越来越漂亮了。
(3)表示“和……一样不……”时，用“no＋比较级＋than”结构。
You are no taller than I.
你和我一样矮。
3. 比较级形式表示最高级意义的表达方式
(1)否定式谓语＋比较级
(2)比较级＋than any other＋单数名词
(3)比较级＋than all the other＋复数名词
(4)比较级＋than anyone/anything else
(5)比较级＋than any of the other＋复数名词
(6)比较级＋than the rest of＋复数名词或不可数名词
I have never spent a more worrying day.
这是我度过的最令人焦虑的一天。
Every morning he arrives earlier than any other student in the class.
＝Every morning he arrives earlier than all the other students in the class.
＝Every morning he arrives earlier than anyone else in the class.
＝Every morning he arrives earlier than any of the other students in the class.
＝Every morning he arrives earlier than the rest of students in the class.
每天早上他都是班里来得最早的学生。
4. 最高级的句型
(1)形容词最高级(＋名词)＋表示范围的状语
She is the most active student in our class.
她是我们班最活跃的学生。
(2)one of＋形容词最高级＋名词复数
Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in our country.
＝Shanghai is among the biggest cities in our country.
上海是我国最大的城市之一。
(3)序数词＋形容词最高级＋名词
Africa is the second largest continent in the world.
非洲是世界上第二大洲。
5. 比较级和最高级的修饰语
(1)修饰比较级的常用词和短语有rather、much、still、even、a lot、a little、a great deal、(by) far、a bit等。
The students study even harder than before.
学生们比以前学习更努力了。
(2)常用的最高级的修饰语有by far、nearly、almost、by no means、not really以及序数词等。
I'd like to buy the second most expensive camera.
我想买便宜一点的照相机。
★by far通常用来修饰最高级，但也可修饰比较级。修饰比较级时，一般放在比较级后面；若在前面，应在两者之间加the。
The book is better by far than that one.
这本书要比那本书好得多。
He is by far the taller of the two brothers.
他是两兄弟中较高的那一个。
6. 倍数表达法
(1)倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as
(2)倍数＋形容词/副词的比较级＋than
(3)倍数＋the＋名词＋of
(4)倍数＋what…
Our classroom is three times as large as theirs.
＝Our classroom is twice larger than theirs.
＝Our classroom is three times the size of theirs.
我们的教室是他们教室的三倍大。
The length of the road is four times what it was three years ago.
这条路的长度是三年前的四倍。
★用…times表倍数通常用于三倍或三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double。
Ⅰ.在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1. A career in law is becoming increasingly __________ (attract) to young people.
2. The book provides ____________ (value) information on recent trends.
3. I'm __________ (true) sorry that things had to end like this.
4. There have been some problems but __________ (basic) it's a good system.
5. Through months of practice, Mr. Goyal can speak English much __________ (fluent) now.
6. They have just returned from faraway places with __________ (wonder) stories to tell.
7. The couple lives in a __________ (harmony) relationship, full of love and understanding.
8. We need to promote __________ (sustain) development in order to ensure a better future for our planet.
9. Additionally, honey water, white radish water, and pear water are all __________ (incredible) good choices to prevent dryness and disease.
10. The girl is __________ (extreme) eager to know the result of the exam.
11. If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify those of __________ (great) and less importance.
12. The bridge is both the longest sea crossing and the longest fixed link on the Earth, another __________ (significance) project.
13. The day is known as the Moon Festival, as at that time of the year the moon is at its roundest and __________ (bright).
14. I have seen how __________ (tire) the forces of law and order work together in fighting against drugs.
15. I found restoring the damaged paintings extremely __________ (challenge) at the beginning when I often had to stand for hours due to the nature of the work.
答案及解析：1.attractive　句意：法律行业正越来越吸引年轻人。系动词become后用形容词作表语。
2. valuable　修饰名词information，要用形容词作定语。
3. truly　此处修饰sorry，用副词作状语。
4. basically　句意：出现过一些问题，但基本上它是个很好的系统。修饰整个分句用副词。
5. more fluently　句意：经过几个月的练习，戈亚尔先生现在的英语说得更流利了。结合“Through months of practice”以及“now”可知，此处暗含和以前作比较，使用副词比较级more fluently修饰动词speak，且much常用于修饰比较级。故填more fluently。
6. wonderful　句意：他们刚从遥远的地方回来，有很多精彩的故事要讲。修饰名词stories用形容词wonderful。
7. harmonious　句意：这对夫妇生活在和谐的关系中，充满了爱和理解。修饰名词relationship用形容词harmonious。
8. sustainable　句意：我们需要促进可持续发展，以确保我们的星球拥有更好未来。修饰名词development用形容词sustainable。
9. incredibly　句意：此外，蜂蜜水、白萝卜水和梨水都是预防干燥和疾病的极好选择。修饰形容词good用副词incredibly。
10. extremely　句意：这个女孩急切地想知道考试的结果。修饰形容词eager用副词extremely。
11. greater　句意：如果你觉得工作中的责任给你带来压力，你应该后退一步，区分出比较重要的以及不是那么重要的工作。由后面less可知此处应用great的比较级。
12. significant　句意：这座桥既是地球上最长的跨海大桥，也是地球上最长的固定连接线，是另一项重大工程。修饰名词project用形容词significant。
13. brightest　根据and 前的形容词最高级roundest可知，此空应填bright的最高级。
14. tirelessly　句意：我看到了法律和秩序的力量是如何不懈地共同打击毒品的。句子主干完整，此处用副词修饰整个句子，结合句意，可知应填tirelessly，意为“不知疲倦地”。
15. challenging　句意：最开始我发现修复受损的绘画极具挑战性，当时由于这份工作的性质，我常常需要站好几个小时。此处是find＋sth./sb.＋adj. 结构，此处用形容词作宾语补足语。
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2025·湖南长沙)
What is the primary language most 1.__________ (speak) in China With over 1.4 billion people, China, 2.__________ Mandarin is the official language, has the second 3.__________ (large) population in the world. This large population contributes significantly to the number of Mandarin speakers worldwide.
In 1956, the Chinese government declared Mandarin the official language of China 4.________ (promote) the language throughout the country. China has experienced significant economic growth in recent decades. Mandarin has become an important language for international trade and business, and its use has spread beyond China's borders.
Chinese people have moved all over the world, spreading Mandarin to other countries 5.__________ regions.
Chinese culture has a long history and is becoming increasingly popular among foreigners in the 21st century. More and more people are learning about the culture of Confucius and participating in Chinese language competitions worldwide. 6.________ (consequent), Mandarin is gaining popularity all over the world. Mandarin is one of the official languages of the United Nations. 7.__________ the end of 2021, more than 180 countries and regions had offered Chinese language education, and over 70 countries had included Chinese in their national education system. The number of foreigners learning Chinese 8.__________ (reach) more than 20 million so far, and the total number of people learning and using Chinese is close to 200 million.
The 9.__________ (combine) of China's large population, national language policy, economic growth, and migration has led to Mandarin 10.__________ (become) the most spoken language in the world.
答案及解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了普通话成为世界上使用人数最多的语言的原因等相关信息。
1. spoken　考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国，最常用的语言是什么 “1.______ (speak) in China”作后置定语修饰名词language，speak与其逻辑主语language之间是被动关系，用过去分词spoken表示被动。故填spoken。
2. where　考查定语从句。句意：中国有超过14亿人口，普通话是官方语言，是世界第二人口大国。“2.______ Mandarin is the official language”是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词China，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，表示“在中国”，用关系副词where引导。故填where。
3. largest　考查形容词。句意同上。结合常识和句意，中国是世界第二大人口国，用形容词最高级largest作定语；the second largest“第二大的”。故填largest。
4. to promote　考查非谓语动词。句意：1956年，中国政府宣布普通话为中国的官方语言，以便在全国推广普通话。“4.______ (promote) the language throughout the country”是“declared Mandarin the official language of China”的目的，用不定式to promote作目的状语。故填to promote。
5. and　考查并列连词。句意：中国人已经遍布世界各地，把普通话传播到其他国家和地区。前面有other countries，后面有regions，属于并列关系。故填and。
6. Consequently　考查副词。句意：因此，普通话在全世界越来越受欢迎。修饰整个句子用副词consequently，意为“因此，结果”；句首单词首字母大写。故填Consequently。
7. By　考查介词。句意：截至2021年底，已有180多个国家和地区开展了汉语教育，70多个国家将汉语纳入国民教育体系。句子为过去完成时，因此用by the end of…表示“到……结束时，到……时为止”；句首单词首字母大写。故填By。
8. has reached　考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，学习汉语的外国人数量已经超过2 000万，学习和使用汉语的总人数接近2亿。reach(达到)是谓语动词，与主语The number of foreigners之间是主动关系，结合时间状语so far可知，用现在完成时，且主语是“The number of＋复数名词”，表示“……数量”，谓语动词用单数形式，助动词用has。故填has reached。
9. combination　考查名词。句意：中国庞大的人口、国家语言政策、经济增长和移民等因素的结合，使普通话成为世界上使用人数最多的语言。提示词作主语，用名词combination，意为“结合”，不可数名词。故填combination。
10. becoming　考查非谓语动词。句意同上。lead to sb./sth. doing sth.表示“导致某人/某物做某事”，用动名词becoming作宾语。故填becoming。
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