2026年中考英语专题复习讲义（通用版）——动词词义辨析（一）（含答案）

中考英语专题复习讲义——动词的辨析（一）
一、动词辨析专题
第1组：bring/take/fetch/carry
●用法精讲：
bring：表示"带来"（向说话者方向）
take：表示"带走"（远离说话者）
fetch：表示"去取来"（往返动作）
carry：表示"搬运"（无方向性）
速记口诀：bring来take去，fetch往返取，carry随身携
●典型例题：
Could you ___ me the menu I'd like to order some food.
A. take B. carry C. bring D. fetch
答案：C（说话者要求对方向自己方向拿菜单）
●举一反三：
Don't forget to ___ your passport when you go to the airport.
The waiter ___ away our empty plates after dinner.
Please ___ me a glass of water from the kitchen.
答案：1. take（离开时带走） 2. carried（无方向搬运） 3. fetch（往返取物）
第2组：say/tell/speak/talk
●用法精讲：
say：强调说话内容（+直接引语/内容）
tell：侧重告知对象（+sb. sth.）
speak：指语言能力/正式发言（+语言）
talk：侧重交谈过程（+with/to/about）
速记：say内容，tell对象，speak语言，talk交流
●典型例题：
The teacher ___ us an interesting story yesterday.
A. said B. told C. spoke D. talked
答案：B（强调告知对象"us"）
●举一反三：
Can you ___ Chinese fluently
They ___ about the movie for hours.
"I'll be back soon," she ___.
答案：1. speak（语言能力） 2. talked（持续交谈） 3. said（说话内容）
第3组：look/see/watch
●用法精讲：
look：有意识地看（+at）
see：无意识地看见（强调结果）
watch：专注地观看（动态画面，如电视、比赛）
速记：see是结果，look是动作，watch专注看
●典型例题：
___! There's a rainbow in the sky!
A. See B. Look C. Watch D. Stare
答案：B（提醒对方注意看）
●举一反三：
I ___ a strange bird in the tree this morning.
We ___ the basketball game on TV last night.
She ___ at the map carefully to find the route.
答案：1. saw（无意识看见） 2. watched（专注观看） 3. looked（有意识看）
第4组：wear/put on/dress
●用法精讲：
wear：穿着（状态）
put on：穿上（动作）
dress：给某人穿衣（+sb.）或自己穿衣（+oneself）
速记：put on穿，wear穿着，dress打扮
●典型例题：
It's cold outside. ___ your coat before going out.
A. Wear B. Put on C. Dress D. Try on
答案：B（强调穿的动作）
●举一反三：
She always ___ a red scarf in winter.
The mother ___ her baby every morning.
He ___ quickly and rushed to school.
答案：1. wears（状态） 2. dresses（为他人穿衣） 3. dressed（自己穿衣）
第5组：spend/cost/take
●用法精讲：
spend：人花费时间/金钱（+时间/钱+on sth.或doing）
cost：物花费金钱（+金钱）
take：事情花费时间（+it+时间+to do）
速记：spend人花钱，cost物花钱，take事花时间
●典型例题：
The new phone ___ me ￥3000.
A. spent B. cost C. took D. paid
答案：B（物作主语）
●举一反三：
I ___ two hours finishing my homework.
It ___ him three days to repair the car.
How much did the concert ticket ___
答案：1. spent（人花时间） 2. took（事花时间） 3. cost（物花钱）
第6组：rise/raise
●用法精讲：
rise：不及物动词，指自身升起（太阳/水位）
raise：及物动词，指抬高某物（raise hands/voice）
速记：rise自升，raise抬物
●典型例题：
The sun ___ at 6 a.m. in summer.
A. raises B. rises C. lifts D. arises
答案：B（太阳自身升起）
●举一反三：
He ___ his hand to ask a question.
Prices have ___ by 10% this year.
The farmer ___ chickens on his farm.
答案：1. raised（抬手） 2. risen（价格自涨） 3. raises（饲养动物）
第7组：lie/lay
●用法精讲：
lie：不及物，指躺/位于（lie-lay-lain）
lay：及物，指放置（lay-laid-laid）
速记：lie躺，lay放
●典型例题：
The cat ___ on the sofa all afternoon.
A. lay B. laid C. lied D. lain
答案：A（过去式，躺）
●举一反三：
Please ___ the books on the table.
The village ___ at the foot of the mountain.
She has ___ in bed for three days.
答案：1. lay（放置） 2. lies（位于） 3. lain（躺的完成式）
第8组：borrow/lend
●用法精讲：
borrow：借入（+from）
lend：借出（+to）
速记：borrow进，lend出
●典型例题：
Could you ___ me your pen I forgot mine.
A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. return
答案：B（借出）
●举一反三：
May I ___ your dictionary
The library ___ books to students for free.
He ___ some money from his friend.
答案：1. borrow（借入） 2. lends（借出） 3. borrowed（借入）
第9组：hope/wish
●用法精讲：
hope：可实现愿望（+to do/从句用直陈语气）
wish：难以实现愿望（+虚拟语气）
速记：hope现实，wish虚拟
●典型例题：
I ___ I could fly like a bird.
A. hope B. wish C. expect D. want
答案：B（虚拟语气）
●举一反三：
We ___ to see you again soon.
She ___ you a happy birthday.
They ___ they had more time.
答案：1. hope（现实愿望） 2. wished（祝福） 3. wished（虚拟）
第10组：lose/miss
●用法精讲：
lose：丢失物品（lose key/wallet）
miss：错过机会/未见到（miss bus/chance）
速记：lose丢物，miss错过
●典型例题：
Hurry up, or we'll ___ the last train.
A. lose B. miss C. forget D. drop
答案：B（错过）
●举一反三：
He ___ his wallet on the bus.
I ___ you very much when you're away.
She ___ the target during the shooting practice.
答案：1. lost（丢失） 2. miss（想念） 3. missed（未击中）
第11组：find/find out
●用法精讲：
find：偶然发现（+宾语）
find out：查明真相（+从句/疑问词）
速记：find偶然，find out查明
●典型例题：
Please ___ who broke the window.
A. find B. find out C. discover D. search
答案：B（查明真相）
●举一反三：
I ___ a coin on the sidewalk.
We need to ___ when the meeting starts.
Scientists ___ a new planet last year.
答案：1. found（偶然发现） 2. find out（查明） 3. discovered（科学发现）
第12组：win/beat
●用法精讲：
win：赢得比赛/奖项（+game/prize）
beat：击败对手（+competitor）
速记：win赢物，beat赢人
●典型例题：
Our team ___ the championship last year.
A. won B. beat C. defeated D. gained
答案：A（赢得冠军）
●举一反三：
He ___ his brother at chess.
She ___ first prize in the competition.
They ___ the enemy in the battle.
答案：1. beat（击败人） 2. won（赢得奖项） 3. defeated（击败对手）
第13组：arrive/reach
●用法精讲：
arrive：不及物（+at/in）
reach：及物（+地点名词）
速记：arrive接介词，reach接地点
●典型例题：
We ___ Beijing at 8 p.m. yesterday.
A. arrived B. reached C. got D. came
答案：B（及物动词接地点）
●举一反三：
They ___ at the station early.
The letter ___ me this morning.
When will you ___ in Shanghai
答案：1. arrived（+at） 2. reached（信件送达） 3. arrive（+in）
第14组：refuse/reject
●用法精讲：
refuse：拒绝请求/邀请（+to do）
reject：否决提案/拒绝接受（+名词）
速记：refuse拒行动，reject拒事物
●典型例题：
He ___ to answer the question.
A. refused B. rejected C. declined D. denied
答案：A（拒绝做某事）
●举一反三：
The company ___ his application.
She ___ my invitation politely.
The board ___ the proposal.
答案：1. rejected（否决申请） 2. declined（婉拒邀请） 3. rejected（否决提案）
第15组：hear/listen
●用法精讲：
hear：无意识地听到（强调结果）
listen：有意识地听（+to）
速记：hear结果，listen动作
●典型例题：
___ to the teacher carefully!
A. Hear B. Listen C. Sound D. Listen to
答案：D（有意识听）
●举一反三：
Can you ___ the birds singing
I ___ but could ___ nothing.
They ___ to the radio every morning.
答案：1. hear（听到） 2. listened; hear（听但未闻） 3. listen（收听）
三、模拟闯关
1.The new policy will ___ effect next month.
A. take B. make C. have D. bring
2.You should ___ your answers before handing in the paper.
A. check B. examine C. test D. verify
3.The charity aims to ___ help to the earthquake victims.
A. send B. provide C. offer D. supply
4.The sun ___ behind the mountains at dusk.
A. raised B. rose C. lifted D. arose
5.Please ___ the books to the library tomorrow.
A. return B. give C. take D. bring
6.He ___ his voice so that everyone could hear him.
A. rose B. raised C. lifted D. arose
7.Can you ___ me your dictionary for a moment
A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. return
8.I ___ to visit Paris next summer.
A. hope B. wish C. expect D. want
9.She ___ her keys on the bus yesterday.
A. lost B. missed C. forgot D. left
10.Scientists ___ a new species in the rainforest.
A. invented B. discovered C. created D. found out
11.The team ___ the championship last season.
A. won B. beat C. defeated D. gained
12.We ___ at the airport two hours before departure.
A. arrived B. reached C. got D. came
13.He ___ to answer the difficult question.
A. refused B. rejected C. declined D. denied
14.___! The baby is crying.
A. Hear B. Listen C. Sound D. Listen to
15.It's hard to ___ between the two options.
A. decide B. choose C. select D. pick
16.The mechanic will ___ your car tomorrow.
A. repair B. mend C. fix D. recover
17.The bad news ___ her deeply.
A. hurt B. injured C. wounded D. harmed
18.Firefighters ___ people from burning buildings.
A. prevent B. protect C. save D. rescue
19.I ___ to help you with your project.
A. agree B. promise C. allow D. accept
20.She ___ a gift but didn't ___ it.
A. received; accept B. accepted; receive C. got; receive D. took; accept
四、答案与解析
◆答案：
1-5: AACBD 6-10: BBAAA 11-15: AAABA 16-20: CADBA
◆解析：
1.A take effect为固定搭配，表示"生效"
2.A check指快速检查，examine强调仔细审查，此处用check更符合语境
3.C offer help为主动提供帮助，provide/supply需接具体物资
4.B rise表示太阳自身升起，raise为及物动词需接宾语
5.B return指归还，give为给予，此处强调归还动作
6.B raise one's voice为固定搭配，表示"提高嗓门"
7.B lend表示借出（lend sb. sth.），borrow为借入
8.A hope to do表示可实现愿望，wish to do多用于虚拟语气
9.A lose指丢失物品，miss指错过机会/未见到
10.B discover指发现客观存在的事物，invent指发明新事物
11.A win后接比赛、奖项，beat后接对手
12.A arrive at+小地点，reach+地点名词，get to+地点
13.A refuse to do拒绝做某事，reject后接名词
14.B listen表示听的动作，hear强调结果
15.B choose between在两者间选择，decide后常接to do
16.C fix可指修理机械设备，repair/mend多用于修补物品
17.A hurt可指情感伤害，injure/wound指身体伤害
18.D rescue指紧急救援，save侧重挽救生命
19.B promise to do承诺做某事，agree to do同意做
20.A receive指客观收到，accept指主观接受