2026年中考英语专题复习讲义（通用版）——动词词义辨析（二）（含答案）

中考英语专题复习讲义——动词的辨析（二）
一、动词辨析专题
第1组：decide/choose
●用法精讲：
decide：经过思考做出决定（+to do/从句）
choose：从多个选项中主动选择（+between A and B）
速记口诀：decide下决心，choose做选择
●典型例题：
After much thought, she ___ to study abroad.
A. chose B. decided C. selected D. picked
答案：B（强调思考后的决定）
●举一反三：
You must ___ between honesty and deception.
He ___ a blue tie for the interview.
They ___ that the meeting would be postponed.
答案：1. choose（二选一） 2. chose（主动挑选） 3. decided（决定事项）
第2组：repair/mend/fix
●用法精讲：
repair：修理机械设备或大型物品
mend：修补衣物、关系等抽象概念
fix：解决故障或固定物体（美式英语常指修理）
速记口诀：repair修机器，mend补衣物，fix解问题
●典型例题：
The technician will ___ the broken printer tomorrow.
A. repair B. mend C. fix D. recover
答案：A（机械设备修理）
●举一反三：
She ___ the torn dress with a needle.
Can you ___ this leaking tap
They tried to ___ their friendship.
答案：1. mended（修补衣物） 2. fix（解决故障） 3. mend（修复关系）
第3组：hurt/injure
●用法精讲：
hurt：泛指伤害（身体/情感均可）
injure：特指身体损伤（多用于事故）
速记口诀：hurt泛指伤害，injure特指伤身
●典型例题：
His rude words ___ her feelings deeply.
A. hurt B. injured C. damaged D. harmed
答案：A（情感伤害）
●举一反三：
The athlete was ___ in the competition.
Be careful not to ___ yourself!
The dog’s bite ___ the child’s arm.
答案：1. injured（身体损伤） 2. hurt（泛指伤害） 3. injured（身体损伤）
第4组：discover/invent
●用法精讲：
discover：发现已存在的事物（+客观存在物）
invent：发明全新的事物（+创造性产物）
速记口诀：discover发现存在，invent创造新生
●典型例题：
Columbus ___ America in 1492.
A. discovered B. invented C. created D. found
答案：A（发现已存在大陆）
●举一反三：
Edison ___ the light bulb.
Scientists ___ water on Mars.
She ___ a new way to solve the problem.
答案：1. invented（发明创造） 2. discovered（发现存在） 3. invented（创造新方法）
第5组：prevent/protect
●用法精讲：
prevent：阻止某事发生（+sth. from happening）
protect：保护安全免受伤害（+sb. from harm）
速记口诀：prevent阻止发生，protect保护安全
●典型例题：
Vaccines help ___ the spread of diseases.
A. prevent B. protect C. avoid D. defend
答案：A（阻止传播）
●举一反三：
Helmets ___ your head from injury.
We must ___ the environment from pollution.
The police tried to ___ the crime.
答案：1. protect（保护安全） 2. protect（保护环境） 3. prevent（阻止犯罪）
第6组：agree/promise
●用法精讲：
agree：同意观点或建议（+with/to）
promise：主动做出承诺（+to do）
速记口诀：agree同意观点，promise主动承诺
●典型例题：
She ___ to help me with my project.
A. agreed B. promised C. decided D. offered
答案：B（主动承诺）
●举一反三：
I ___ with your opinion.
He ___ never to be late again.
They ___ on the plan finally.
答案：1. agree（同意观点） 2. promised（做出承诺） 3. agreed（达成一致）
第7组：accept/receive
●用法精讲：
receive：客观收到物品或信息（+sth.）
accept：主观接受邀请或提议（+invitation/offer）
速记口诀：receive客观收到，accept主观接受
●典型例题：
She ___ the award but didn’t ___ it.
A. received; accept B. accepted; receive C. got; accept D. took; receive
答案：A（收到但不接受）
●举一反三：
I ___ a gift from my friend.
He ___ the job offer happily.
They ___ the news in silence.
答案：1. received（客观收到） 2. accepted（主观接受） 3. received（收到信息）
第8组：affect/effect
●用法精讲：
affect：动词，表示“影响”（+sth.）
effect：名词，表示“效果”（have an effect on）
速记口诀：affect动词影响，effect名词结果
●典型例题：
Climate change ___ global ecosystems.
A. affects B. effects C. influences D. impacts
答案：A（动词“影响”）
●举一反三：
The medicine has side ___.
His speech ___ the audience deeply.
The new policy takes ___ next month.
答案：1. effects（名词“效果”） 2. affected（动词“影响”） 3. effect（名词“生效”）
第9组：advise/suggest
●用法精讲：
advise：直接提出建议（+sb. to do）
suggest：委婉提议（+doing/从句）
速记口诀：advise直接建议，suggest委婉提议
●典型例题：
The doctor ___ him to quit smoking.
A. advised B. suggested C. recommended D. proposed
答案：A（直接建议某人做某事）
●举一反三：
She ___ going to the museum.
I ___ that we leave early.
They ___ us against traveling alone.
答案：1. suggested（提议做某事） 2. suggest（委婉建议） 3. advised（建议避免）
第10组：allow/permit
●用法精讲：
allow：日常允许（+sb. to do）
permit：正式许可（多用于书面/规则）
速记口诀：allow日常允许，permit正式许可
●典型例题：
My parents ___ me to stay out until 10 p.m.
A. allow B. permit C. let D. agree
答案：A（日常允许）
●举一反三：
Smoking is not ___ in this building.
The law ___ citizens to vote at 18.
The teacher ___ the students to discuss.
答案：1. permitted（正式禁止） 2. permits（法律规定） 3. allowed（日常允许）
第11组：answer/reply
●用法精讲：
answer：快速回应问题或请求（+question）
reply：正式答复（多用于书面/邮件）
速记口诀：answer快速应答，reply正式答复
●典型例题：
Please ___ the phone when it rings.
A. answer B. reply C. respond D. return
答案：A（快速回应）
●举一反三：
He ___ to my email yesterday.
Can you ___ this math problem
She ___ that she would come.
答案：1. replied（正式答复） 2. answer（回答问题） 3. replied（正式答复）
第12组：attend/join
●用法精讲：
attend：参与事件（+meeting/class）
join：加入团体（+club/team）
速记口诀：attend参与事件，join加入团体
●典型例题：
She ___ the school basketball team.
A. attended B. joined C. entered D. participated
答案：B（加入团体）
●举一反三：
He ___ the conference last week.
They ___ the army in 2020.
Students must ___ all classes.
答案：1. attended（参与会议） 2. joined（加入军队） 3. attend（参与课程）
第13组：become/get
●用法精讲：
become：状态变化（强调结果）
get：短期转变（+形容词表暂时状态）
速记口诀：become状态变化，get短期转变
●典型例题：
She ___ a doctor after graduation.
A. became B. got C. turned D. grew
答案：A（长期状态变化）
●举一反三：
It ___ dark outside.
He ___ angry when he heard the news.
The leaves ___ yellow in autumn.
答案：1. got（暂时变暗） 2. got（短暂情绪） 3. become（自然状态变化）
第14组：begin/start
●用法精讲：
begin：动作启动（+to do/doing）
start：系统或机器启动（+engine/career）
速记口诀：begin动作启动，start系统开始
●典型例题：
___ the engine before driving.
A. Begin B. Start C. Commence D. Initiate
答案：B（启动机器）
●举一反三：
The concert ___ at 7 p.m.
She ___ her career as a writer.
They ___ to discuss the plan.
答案：1. begins（活动开始） 2. started（事业开始） 3. began（动作启动）
第15组：break/damage
●用法精讲：
break：强行破坏完整性（+bone/machine）
damage：部分损坏功能（+property/reputation）
速记口诀：break强行破坏，damage部分损坏
●典型例题：
He ___ his leg in the accident.
A. broke B. damaged C. hurt D. injured
答案：A（破坏完整性）
●举一反三：
The storm ___ many houses.
Don’t ___ the vase!
Flood water ___ the crops.
答案：1. damaged（部分损坏） 2. break（破坏完整） 3. damaged（功能损坏）
三、模拟闯关
1.She ___ the job offer despite the low salary.
A. received B. accepted C. took D. got
2.Smoking may ___ your health seriously.
A. affect B. effect C. influence D. damage
3.The lawyer ___ me to sign the contract carefully.
A. suggested B. advised C. permitted D. allowed
4.___ the door when you leave the room.
A. Shut B. Close C. Lock D. Fix
5.He ___ a new method to solve the math problem.
A. discovered B. invented C. created D. found
6.The fence ___ the house from strong winds.
A. prevents B. protects C. avoids D. defends
7.I ___ to finish the report by Friday.
A. agreed B. promised C. decided D. hoped
8.She ___ the club to make new friends.
A. attended B. joined C. entered D. participated
9.The glass ___ when it fell on the floor.
A. damaged B. broke C. hurt D. destroyed
10.___ your name on the application form.
A. Write B. Print C. Sign D. Mark
11.The new law ___ pollution in the city.
A. affects B. effects C. reduces D. prevents
12.They ___ the meeting due to bad weather.
A. delayed B. postponed C. canceled D. stopped
13.He ___ his ankle during the basketball game.
A. hurt B. injured C. damaged D. broke
14.Please ___ me to introduce our guest.
A. let B. allow C. permit D. agree
15.I’ll ___ to your email as soon as possible.
A. answer B. reply C. respond D. return
16.The baby ___ crying when he saw his mother.
A. began B. started C. commenced D. initiated
17.The storm ___ several buildings in the area.
A. damaged B. destroyed C. ruined D. broke
18.I ___ you to reconsider your decision.
A. advise B. suggest C. recommend D. propose
19.The medicine may ___ your sleep quality.
A. effect B. affect C. improve D. change
20.She ___ the prize for best actress.
A. received B. accepted C. gained D. earned
◆答案：
1-5: BABCB 6-10: BBBBA 11-15: DBABB 16-20: BAABA
◆解析：
1.B"accept" 强调主观接受提议
2.A"affect" 作动词表"影响"
3.B"advise sb. to do" 为直接建议
4.B"close" 指关闭门，不强调锁门
5.B"invent" 指创造新方法
6.B"protect...from" 为保护性防御
7.B"promise to do" 主动承诺
8.B"join" 指加入团体
9.B"broke" 指物体破碎
10.B"print" 强调印刷体书写
11.D"prevent" 表主动阻止
12.B"postpone" 指主动延期
13.B"injured" 特指身体损伤
14.B"allow" 正式场合许可
15.B"reply to" 正式答复
16.B"start" 指突然开始
17.A"damaged" 部分损坏
18.A"advise" 直接建议
19.B"affect" 动词影响
20.A"received" 客观收到奖项