定语从句-从定语到定语从句的底层逻辑 课件
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| 名称 | 定语从句-从定语到定语从句的底层逻辑 课件 |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-12-15 08:34:35 | ||
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(共33张PPT)
（人教版）高三总复习
从定语到定语从句的底层逻辑
高中英语语法
定语从句
一、从定语到定语从句
This is a book. 这是一本书。
This is a _______ book. 这是一本好书。( )
This is a book __________. 这是一本关于汽车的书。( )
This is a book ____________________________. 这是一本我妈妈买给我的书。( )
good
about cars
后置定语
that my mother bought for me
后置定语
翻译下列句子划线部分并判断其在句中充当的成分
前置定语
举例1：
举例2：
This is a tree. 这是一棵树。
This is a ____ tree. 这是一棵很高的树
This is an _______ tree. 这是一棵苹果树
This is a tree _____________________. 这是一棵去年种的树。
tall
apple
that was planted last year
思 考
1.定语是用来修饰、限定、说明_____________的品质与特征的。主要有________，此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词、定语从句等相当于形容词的_________________都可以作定语。汉语中常用“……的”表示。
2.修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，其作用相当于形容词，所以又称为 _____________。被定语从句修饰的词叫________；定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的________之后；引导定语从句的词叫_______。
名词或代词
形容词
词、短语或句子
形容词性从句
先行词
先行词
关系词
练 习
1. There is a lady who wants to see you.
2. It was the largest map that I had ever seen.
3. The boy who broke the window is Tom’s brother.
4. The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.
请划出下列句子中的定语从句、先行词及关系词
练 习
5. He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
6. That is the reason why we must go now.
7. He was the leader of the team in the year when the 18th World Cup was held.
8. I forgot the place where I had hidden the box.
请划出下列句子中的定语从句、先行词及关系词
二、关系词的用法
翻译下列句子
1. 他就是想要见你的那个人。
He is the man who wants to see you.
He is the man. （主句）
The man wants to see you. （从句）
分
解
翻译下列句子
2.你认识那个我们刚才看见的那个人吗？
Do you know the man whom we saw just now
Do you know the man （主句）
We saw the man just now. （从句）
分
解
翻译下列句子
3.我做的面条很好吃。
The noodles which I cook are delicious.
分
解
The noodles are delicious. （主句）
I cook the noodles. （从句）
总 结
关系词的作用主要有三：
1. ________________________________
2. ________________________________
3. ________________________________
引导定语从句
代替先行词
在定语从句中担当一个成分
The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.
The man
who lives next to us
who
关系词
先行词
放置于名词之___，修饰名词的从句。
后
两者关系：关系词代替先行词
练 习
翻译下列句子
1.照顾我妹妹的那个护士很友善。
_______________________________________________.
2.正在打篮球的男孩是我弟弟。_______________________________________________.
3.我们昨天买的鱼不新鲜。_______________________________________________.
The nurse who/that looks after my sister is kind.
The boy who/that is playing basketball is my brother.
The fish which we bought yesterday were not fresh.
二、关系词的分类和功能（1）
仿照例句先找出下列定语从句的先行词并判断其类型(人/物)，然后找出关系词并判断其在句中所充当的句子成分。
例：A doctor is a person who looks after people's health.
（ a person）（ 人 ）（ who ）（ 主语 ）
练一练：
第一组
1.A teacher is a person who passes knowledge to students. （ ）（ ）（ ）（ ）
2.He is the man (who) I saw yesterday.
（ ）（ ）（ ）（ ）
3.The woman (whom) you met in the street is Kate.
（ ）（ ）（ ）（ ）
4.I don’t like the boy to whom you are talking.
（ ）（ ）（ ）（ ）
5.Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
（ ）（ ）（ ）（ ）
6.This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
（ ）（ ）（ ）（ ）
a person
人
who
主语
the man
人
who
宾语
the woman
人
whom
宾语
the boy
人
whom
宾语
a game
物
which
主语
the pen
物
which
宾语
7.This is the room in which he lived last year.
（ ）（ ）（ ）（ ）
8.The student that answered the question was John.
（ ）（ ）（ ）（ ）
9.The book（that）you lent me was interesting.
（ ）（ ）（ ）（ ）
10.He doesn't seem to be the man (that) he was ten years ago.
（ ）（ ）（ ）（ ）
11.He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
（ ）（ ）（ ）（ ）
12.Please pass me the book whose cover is green.
（ ）（ ）（ ）（ ）
the room
物
which
宾语
the student
人
that
主语
the book
物
that
宾语
the man
人
that
表语
a friend
人
whose
定语
the book
物
whose
定语
第一组
总 结
1) 关系代词：who的先行词是______（人/物），在从句中充当____________________。whom的先行词是___（人/物），在从句中充当_____；作动词的宾语_____（可/不可）省略；跟介词连用作宾语___（可/不可）省略。which的先行词是____（人/物），在从句中充当___________；作动词的宾语___（可/不可）省略；跟介词连用作宾语_____（可/不可）省略。that的先行词是_______（人/物），在从句中充当___________。
2) 关系代词whose的先行词是_______（人/物），在从句中充当_____。
人
人
可
不可
物
可
不可
人或物
主、宾、表
定语
主语、宾语（可省略）
宾语
主语、宾语
人或物
语法填空
在下列句子横线处填入适当关系代词。
①Do you know the girl __________ is dancing on the stage
②This is the museum ____________ was built last year.
③The man ___________ you saw just now is our manager.
④The man with _______ you shook hands just now is our headmaster.
⑤This is the camera with ________ he often takes photos.
⑥This is the library from ________ you can borrow books.
⑦The man _______ son is a doctor is our professor.
who/that
which/that
whom/who
whom
which
which
whose
_________is learning English over there.
⑧ I know the boy you often go to school with.
father is a teacher.
to Mike is talking.
___________ costs me 61 Yuan.
⑨ I like the book my father bought for me.
cover is purple.
who/that
who/whom/that
whose
whom
which/that
which/that
whose
二、关系词的分类和功能（2）
仿照例句先找出下列定语从句的先行词并判断其类型(人/物)，然后找出关系词并判断其在句中所充当的句子成分。
例：A doctor is a person who looks after people's health.
（ a person）（ 人 ）（ who ）（ 主语 ）
练一练：
第二组
1.Such people as have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected.
（ ）（ ）（ ）（ ）
2.Let children read such books as will make them better and wiser.
（ ）（ ）（ ） （ ）
3.Jeffrey is not such a diligent student as you think.
（ ）（ ）（ ） （ ）
4.We haven't so much food as you need.
（ ）（ ）（ ）（ ）
such people
人
as
主语
such books
物
as
主语
such a student
人
as
宾语
so much food
物
as
宾语
第二组
5.He is not the same man as he used to be.
（ ）（ ）（ ）（ ）
6.You can take as many candies as you want.
（ ）（ ）（ ）（ ）
7.This is the same book as I lost. 这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。 （ ）（ ）（ ）（ ）
8.This is the same book that I lost. 这本书就是我丢的那本。（ ）（ ）（ ）（ ）
as many candies
物
as
宾语
the same book
物
as
宾语
book
物
that
宾语
the same man
人
as
表语
归 纳
1) 关系代词as引导定语从句常出现于_________________，_________，__________，_________中。在从句中既可指________，也可指整个句子（非限制性定语从句），在从句中充当____________。
2) 当主句中出现the same时, 后面从句缺主语或宾语时与as搭配表__________事物,与that搭配表__________事物。
such...as...
the same...as...
as...as...
so...as...
人、物
主、宾、表
同一类
同一个
总 结
关系代词 先行词 在从句中所做成分
who
whom
whose
that
which
as
人
主语、宾语（可省略）
人
宾语
人或物
定语
人或物
主语、宾语、表语
物
主语、宾语
人或物
主语、宾语、表语
定语从句中只用that引导的常见规则：
① We talked about the things and persons that we were interested in.
② The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.
③ The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known.
规则1.先行词既有_____又有_____时，关系代词只用that.
划出下列定语从句的先行词及其修饰成分（若存在）
人
物
① All that glitters is not gold.
② You can take any seat that is free.
③ Is there anything that I can do for you
④ We should do everything that is good for our studies.
⑤ Nothing that the teacher does doesn’t influence his students.
⑥ There is little that I can do to make up for the lost time.
规则2. 当先行词是指物的__________如all, any, anything, nothing, everything, the one, much, few, little或被它们______时。
不定代词
修饰
① The first English novel that I read was Cities.
② This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.
③ This is the only thing that we can do now.
④ You are the right/very/last person that I want to see.
规则3. 先行词被 _______、_____________、__________, __________, _____________等修饰时，关系代词通常只用that.
序数词
形容词最高级
the only
the very
the right, last
① Which was the hotel that was recommended to you
② Which is the true story that he told us
③ Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat
规则4. 句中其他位置已出现____________，为避免重复，不用____________ 而用that引导限定性定语从句。
which或who
which或who
① He is no longer the star that he was.
② Our school is no longer the school that it used to be.
规则5. 关系代词在限制性定语从句中作_____并带有_____含义时，通常只用that.
表语
类比
① Here is a hotel that you’ve been looking for.
② There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.
6. 当主句以______，______ 开头时。
here
there
用which不用that的情况：
① Do you like the book on which she spent $10
② This is the room in which he lives.
情况1. 在定语从句中作_____的宾语，且_____位于关系代词_____时。
介词
介词
之前
① Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.
② Tom came back, which made us very happy.
情况2. 引导_________________从句时。
非限制性定语从句
① Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly published.
情况3. 在限制性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中前句的关系代词是 ，那么后一句的关系代词就要用 。
that
which
用who不用that的原则：
① People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable.
② Anyone who breaks the law is punished.
③ The student you should learn from is the one who works hard an studies well.
④ Those who break the law are punished.
⑤ Heaven helps those who help themselves.
⑥ He who breaks the law is punished.
someone
anyone
the one
those
原则1.先行词是指人的代词，如_________, _______, _______, he/she/they等，或先行词为______指人时。
① The famous film star, who tries to make a comeback, draws a lot of attention.
原则2. 引导__________________从句时。
非限制性定语从句
① The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.
原则3.一个句子中带有______定语从句，且先行词都为_____时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个一般应用who。
两个
人
解题技巧
1.判断是定语从句；
2.找出先行词和定语从句（找到从句划括号：连接词起，第二个动词前止。）；
3.分析定语从句是否缺少必要成分；
4.根据先行词选择正确的关系词
一看指人还是物，二看介词在何处；
三看充当啥成分，四看是否属特殊。
练习巩固
1. The man __________ is over there is my brother.
2. These are the trees ___________ were planted last year.
3. This is the mountain village _________________ I visited last year.
4. The man___________________ you met just now is my friend.
5. I live next door to a couple _______ children often make a lot of noise.
6. Do you know the woman _______ husband is a doctor
7. This is a book _______ cover is green.
8. The little problems _____ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations（灵感）for great inventions.
who/that
which/that
which/that (可省略)
whom/who (可省略)
whose
whose
whose
that
Thank you!
（人教版）高三总复习
从定语到定语从句的底层逻辑
高中英语语法
定语从句
一、从定语到定语从句
This is a book. 这是一本书。
This is a _______ book. 这是一本好书。( )
This is a book __________. 这是一本关于汽车的书。( )
This is a book ____________________________. 这是一本我妈妈买给我的书。( )
good
about cars
后置定语
that my mother bought for me
后置定语
翻译下列句子划线部分并判断其在句中充当的成分
前置定语
举例1：
举例2：
This is a tree. 这是一棵树。
This is a ____ tree. 这是一棵很高的树
This is an _______ tree. 这是一棵苹果树
This is a tree _____________________. 这是一棵去年种的树。
tall
apple
that was planted last year
思 考
1.定语是用来修饰、限定、说明_____________的品质与特征的。主要有________，此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词、定语从句等相当于形容词的_________________都可以作定语。汉语中常用“……的”表示。
2.修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，其作用相当于形容词，所以又称为 _____________。被定语从句修饰的词叫________；定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的________之后；引导定语从句的词叫_______。
名词或代词
形容词
词、短语或句子
形容词性从句
先行词
先行词
关系词
练 习
1. There is a lady who wants to see you.
2. It was the largest map that I had ever seen.
3. The boy who broke the window is Tom’s brother.
4. The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.
请划出下列句子中的定语从句、先行词及关系词
练 习
5. He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
6. That is the reason why we must go now.
7. He was the leader of the team in the year when the 18th World Cup was held.
8. I forgot the place where I had hidden the box.
请划出下列句子中的定语从句、先行词及关系词
二、关系词的用法
翻译下列句子
1. 他就是想要见你的那个人。
He is the man who wants to see you.
He is the man. （主句）
The man wants to see you. （从句）
分
解
翻译下列句子
2.你认识那个我们刚才看见的那个人吗？
Do you know the man whom we saw just now
Do you know the man （主句）
We saw the man just now. （从句）
分
解
翻译下列句子
3.我做的面条很好吃。
The noodles which I cook are delicious.
分
解
The noodles are delicious. （主句）
I cook the noodles. （从句）
总 结
关系词的作用主要有三：
1. ________________________________
2. ________________________________
3. ________________________________
引导定语从句
代替先行词
在定语从句中担当一个成分
The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.
The man
who lives next to us
who
关系词
先行词
放置于名词之___，修饰名词的从句。
后
两者关系：关系词代替先行词
练 习
翻译下列句子
1.照顾我妹妹的那个护士很友善。
_______________________________________________.
2.正在打篮球的男孩是我弟弟。_______________________________________________.
3.我们昨天买的鱼不新鲜。_______________________________________________.
The nurse who/that looks after my sister is kind.
The boy who/that is playing basketball is my brother.
The fish which we bought yesterday were not fresh.
二、关系词的分类和功能（1）
仿照例句先找出下列定语从句的先行词并判断其类型(人/物)，然后找出关系词并判断其在句中所充当的句子成分。
例：A doctor is a person who looks after people's health.
（ a person）（ 人 ）（ who ）（ 主语 ）
练一练：
第一组
1.A teacher is a person who passes knowledge to students. （ ）（ ）（ ）（ ）
2.He is the man (who) I saw yesterday.
（ ）（ ）（ ）（ ）
3.The woman (whom) you met in the street is Kate.
（ ）（ ）（ ）（ ）
4.I don’t like the boy to whom you are talking.
（ ）（ ）（ ）（ ）
5.Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
（ ）（ ）（ ）（ ）
6.This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
（ ）（ ）（ ）（ ）
a person
人
who
主语
the man
人
who
宾语
the woman
人
whom
宾语
the boy
人
whom
宾语
a game
物
which
主语
the pen
物
which
宾语
7.This is the room in which he lived last year.
（ ）（ ）（ ）（ ）
8.The student that answered the question was John.
（ ）（ ）（ ）（ ）
9.The book（that）you lent me was interesting.
（ ）（ ）（ ）（ ）
10.He doesn't seem to be the man (that) he was ten years ago.
（ ）（ ）（ ）（ ）
11.He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
（ ）（ ）（ ）（ ）
12.Please pass me the book whose cover is green.
（ ）（ ）（ ）（ ）
the room
物
which
宾语
the student
人
that
主语
the book
物
that
宾语
the man
人
that
表语
a friend
人
whose
定语
the book
物
whose
定语
第一组
总 结
1) 关系代词：who的先行词是______（人/物），在从句中充当____________________。whom的先行词是___（人/物），在从句中充当_____；作动词的宾语_____（可/不可）省略；跟介词连用作宾语___（可/不可）省略。which的先行词是____（人/物），在从句中充当___________；作动词的宾语___（可/不可）省略；跟介词连用作宾语_____（可/不可）省略。that的先行词是_______（人/物），在从句中充当___________。
2) 关系代词whose的先行词是_______（人/物），在从句中充当_____。
人
人
可
不可
物
可
不可
人或物
主、宾、表
定语
主语、宾语（可省略）
宾语
主语、宾语
人或物
语法填空
在下列句子横线处填入适当关系代词。
①Do you know the girl __________ is dancing on the stage
②This is the museum ____________ was built last year.
③The man ___________ you saw just now is our manager.
④The man with _______ you shook hands just now is our headmaster.
⑤This is the camera with ________ he often takes photos.
⑥This is the library from ________ you can borrow books.
⑦The man _______ son is a doctor is our professor.
who/that
which/that
whom/who
whom
which
which
whose
_________is learning English over there.
⑧ I know the boy you often go to school with.
father is a teacher.
to Mike is talking.
___________ costs me 61 Yuan.
⑨ I like the book my father bought for me.
cover is purple.
who/that
who/whom/that
whose
whom
which/that
which/that
whose
二、关系词的分类和功能（2）
仿照例句先找出下列定语从句的先行词并判断其类型(人/物)，然后找出关系词并判断其在句中所充当的句子成分。
例：A doctor is a person who looks after people's health.
（ a person）（ 人 ）（ who ）（ 主语 ）
练一练：
第二组
1.Such people as have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected.
（ ）（ ）（ ）（ ）
2.Let children read such books as will make them better and wiser.
（ ）（ ）（ ） （ ）
3.Jeffrey is not such a diligent student as you think.
（ ）（ ）（ ） （ ）
4.We haven't so much food as you need.
（ ）（ ）（ ）（ ）
such people
人
as
主语
such books
物
as
主语
such a student
人
as
宾语
so much food
物
as
宾语
第二组
5.He is not the same man as he used to be.
（ ）（ ）（ ）（ ）
6.You can take as many candies as you want.
（ ）（ ）（ ）（ ）
7.This is the same book as I lost. 这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。 （ ）（ ）（ ）（ ）
8.This is the same book that I lost. 这本书就是我丢的那本。（ ）（ ）（ ）（ ）
as many candies
物
as
宾语
the same book
物
as
宾语
book
物
that
宾语
the same man
人
as
表语
归 纳
1) 关系代词as引导定语从句常出现于_________________，_________，__________，_________中。在从句中既可指________，也可指整个句子（非限制性定语从句），在从句中充当____________。
2) 当主句中出现the same时, 后面从句缺主语或宾语时与as搭配表__________事物,与that搭配表__________事物。
such...as...
the same...as...
as...as...
so...as...
人、物
主、宾、表
同一类
同一个
总 结
关系代词 先行词 在从句中所做成分
who
whom
whose
that
which
as
人
主语、宾语（可省略）
人
宾语
人或物
定语
人或物
主语、宾语、表语
物
主语、宾语
人或物
主语、宾语、表语
定语从句中只用that引导的常见规则：
① We talked about the things and persons that we were interested in.
② The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.
③ The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known.
规则1.先行词既有_____又有_____时，关系代词只用that.
划出下列定语从句的先行词及其修饰成分（若存在）
人
物
① All that glitters is not gold.
② You can take any seat that is free.
③ Is there anything that I can do for you
④ We should do everything that is good for our studies.
⑤ Nothing that the teacher does doesn’t influence his students.
⑥ There is little that I can do to make up for the lost time.
规则2. 当先行词是指物的__________如all, any, anything, nothing, everything, the one, much, few, little或被它们______时。
不定代词
修饰
① The first English novel that I read was Cities.
② This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.
③ This is the only thing that we can do now.
④ You are the right/very/last person that I want to see.
规则3. 先行词被 _______、_____________、__________, __________, _____________等修饰时，关系代词通常只用that.
序数词
形容词最高级
the only
the very
the right, last
① Which was the hotel that was recommended to you
② Which is the true story that he told us
③ Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat
规则4. 句中其他位置已出现____________，为避免重复，不用____________ 而用that引导限定性定语从句。
which或who
which或who
① He is no longer the star that he was.
② Our school is no longer the school that it used to be.
规则5. 关系代词在限制性定语从句中作_____并带有_____含义时，通常只用that.
表语
类比
① Here is a hotel that you’ve been looking for.
② There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.
6. 当主句以______，______ 开头时。
here
there
用which不用that的情况：
① Do you like the book on which she spent $10
② This is the room in which he lives.
情况1. 在定语从句中作_____的宾语，且_____位于关系代词_____时。
介词
介词
之前
① Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.
② Tom came back, which made us very happy.
情况2. 引导_________________从句时。
非限制性定语从句
① Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly published.
情况3. 在限制性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中前句的关系代词是 ，那么后一句的关系代词就要用 。
that
which
用who不用that的原则：
① People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable.
② Anyone who breaks the law is punished.
③ The student you should learn from is the one who works hard an studies well.
④ Those who break the law are punished.
⑤ Heaven helps those who help themselves.
⑥ He who breaks the law is punished.
someone
anyone
the one
those
原则1.先行词是指人的代词，如_________, _______, _______, he/she/they等，或先行词为______指人时。
① The famous film star, who tries to make a comeback, draws a lot of attention.
原则2. 引导__________________从句时。
非限制性定语从句
① The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.
原则3.一个句子中带有______定语从句，且先行词都为_____时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个一般应用who。
两个
人
解题技巧
1.判断是定语从句；
2.找出先行词和定语从句（找到从句划括号：连接词起，第二个动词前止。）；
3.分析定语从句是否缺少必要成分；
4.根据先行词选择正确的关系词
一看指人还是物，二看介词在何处；
三看充当啥成分，四看是否属特殊。
练习巩固
1. The man __________ is over there is my brother.
2. These are the trees ___________ were planted last year.
3. This is the mountain village _________________ I visited last year.
4. The man___________________ you met just now is my friend.
5. I live next door to a couple _______ children often make a lot of noise.
6. Do you know the woman _______ husband is a doctor
7. This is a book _______ cover is green.
8. The little problems _____ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations（灵感）for great inventions.
who/that
which/that
which/that (可省略)
whom/who (可省略)
whose
whose
whose
that
Thank you!