英语 选择性必修 第三册 WY
Period Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Life Behind the Lens
镜头背后的生活
A white－haired old man riding an ordinary bicycle around the streets of New York, always wearing the same blue worker's jacket and simple black running shoes.
一位白发苍苍的老人骑着一辆普通的自行车在纽约的街道上穿行，他总是穿着同样的蓝色工装夹克和简单的黑色跑鞋。
If you saw him, you'd never think there was anything remarkable about him.
如果你看到他，你绝不会认为他有什么了不起的地方。
And yet every member of New York's wealthy high society wanted nothing more than to pose for this man.
然而，纽约富有的上流社会的每一位成员都想在这个人面前摆姿势。
词句自测 ①lens n. (照相机、摄像机的)镜头 ②pose v. (使)摆好姿势
This ordinary－looking man was Bill Cunningham, one of the most important American photographers of the last 50 years.
这个相貌平平的人就是比尔·坎宁安，过去50年里美国最重要的摄影师之一。
词句自测 ③“主(This ordinary looking man)系(was)表(Bill Cunningham)”。one of the ... of the last 50 years是Bill Cunningham的同位语。
What made Cunningham so great
是什么让坎宁安如此伟大？
It certainly wasn't the use of expensive, technologically advanced equipment.
当然不是使用昂贵的、技术先进的设备。
Cunningham always used simple, relatively cheap cameras and took all his pictures on the streets of New York, not in a studio.
坎宁安总是使用简单、相对便宜的相机，而且他所有的照片都是在纽约街头而不是在摄影棚拍摄的。
Nor was it a wide range of contacts and connections.
也没有一堆的联系和社交。
Although he always knew where fashionable parties and events were happening, Cunningham liked to photograph ordinary people in the poor Bronx as much as VIPs in rich Manhattan.
虽然他总是知道哪里有时髦的聚会和活动，但坎宁安喜欢拍摄生活在贫穷的布朗克斯的普通人，就像喜欢拍摄生活在富裕的曼哈顿的贵宾一样。
词句自测 ④“让步状语从句(Although he ... happening)＋主句(Cunningham liked ... Manhattan)”。从句的结构为“主(he)谓(knew)宾(where fashionable parties and events were happening)”。where ... happening是where引导的宾语从句，where在从句中作地点状语。
He found inspiration where others could not, in simple, everyday scenes, such as a man buying oranges at the local grocery store, or a woman riding home on the graffiti－covered subway.
他从一些简单的日常场景中找到了别人无法找到的灵感，比如在当地的超级市场买橘子的男人，或者乘坐满是涂鸦的地铁回家的女人。
These things were real, and it was within their reality that Cunningham saw both beauty and potential.
这些东西都是真实的，正是在它们的真实中，坎宁安看到了它们的美和潜力。
Through his fascination with what people were wearing, and not who they were, he opened the doors of fashion to everyone—fashion as he saw it belonged to the people, not just to high society and big brands.
他因为人们的穿着而着迷，而不管他们是谁，他为所有人打开了时尚的大门——在他看来，时尚属于人民，而不只是属于上流社会和大品牌。
词句自测 ⑤grocery n. 食品杂货店 ⑥grocery__store 超级市场 ⑦fascination n. 着迷，迷恋 ⑧fashion n. 时尚 ⑨“主(he)谓(opened)宾(the doors of fashion)”。介词短语 Through ... who they were作方式状语，其中介词with后跟两个并列的宾语从句what people were wearing和who they were；破折号起解释说明的作用。
Moreover, what made Cunningham great was his devotion to photography, and the hours and hours of sheer hard work he put into his work.
此外，坎宁安的伟大之处在于他对摄影的热爱，以及他在工作中投入的大量时间和精力。
Cunningham would go out onto the streets of New York each and every day, regardless of the weather.
坎宁安每天都会走上纽约的街头，不管天气如何。
He would even stay outside in a storm, not coming back until he knew he had the right photos.
他甚至会在暴风雨中待在外面，直到他知道自己拍到了合适的照片才回来。
He hardly ever took a day off and not once stayed home sick.
他几乎没有请过一天假，也没有因为一次生病待在家里。
This devotion and hard work is what we see reflected within his photos.
我们可以看到这种奉献和努力工作的精神也反映在他的照片里。
This is what makes them so special.
这就是这些照片的特别之处。
词句自测 “主(what made Cunningham great)系(was)表(his devotion ... his work)”。he put into his work是定语从句，其前省略了引导词that或which，在从句中作put的宾语。
Although he was a world famous fashion photographer, Cunningham's approach to life was uncomplicated.
虽然坎宁安是世界著名的时尚摄影师，但他的生活方式并不复杂。
He lived in a small apartment with a shared washroom.
他住在一间有公用卫生间的小公寓里。
A simple restaurant was where he usually had the same meal of sausages, eggs and coffee.
他通常在一家简单的餐馆里吃着相同的食物——香肠、鸡蛋和咖啡。
词句自测 uncomplicated adj. 不复杂的，简单的；单纯的
Cunningham never accepted the benefits offered to him for being a fashion photographer.
坎宁安从来没有接受过作为一名时尚摄影师给他带来的好处。
He valued his integrity and would not be bought by anyone, no matter how many free clothes or flights to faraway destinations he was offered.
他珍视自己的正直，无论提供给他多少免费的衣服或飞往遥远目的地的航班，他都不会被任何人收买。
词句自测 faraway adj. 遥远的 offered to him为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰the benefits; being a fashion photographer为动名词短语作介词for的宾语。
And if he went to a celebrity party, he was there to work rather than have fun.
如果他去参加名人派对，他是去工作而不是娱乐。
“Money's the cheapest thing，” he once said, then added: “... freedom is the most expensive.”
“钱是最廉价的东西，”他曾经说过，然后补充道：“……自由才是最昂贵的。”
This lack of self－interest and promotion kept Cunningham focused on his craft, enabling him to capture New York's unique street style.
这种不为名利的状态让坎宁安专注于他的摄影技能，使他能够捕捉到纽约独特的街头风格。
词句自测 celebrity n. 名人，明星 craft n. (某一行业所需的)技能
Cunningham's passion for photography lasted throughout his life.
坎宁安对摄影的热情贯穿了他的一生。
He was 87 when he passed away, and had been working right up until his last illness.
他去世时87岁，一直工作到最后病逝。
Nothing ever stopped him from getting the photo he wanted.
没有什么能阻止他拍到他想要的照片。
His hard work made him more than a fashion photographer—he was a “cultural anthropologist”， who we can thank for recording the life of a whole city and its people over half a century.
他的辛勤工作使他不仅仅是一名时尚摄影师——他还是一名“文化人类学家”，我们应该感谢他记录了整个城市及其人民长达半个世纪的生活。
Bill Cunningham was an observer, and not one of the observed, a worker not a star—and this was how he wanted it.
比尔·坎宁安是一个观察者，而不是一个被观察者，是一个劳动者而不是一个明星——这就是他想要的。
词句自测 anthropologist n. 人类学家
1 fascination n. 着迷，迷恋(教材P19)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①This city holds a great fascination to the talents from all walks of life, particularly to those young people who have dreams.
这座城市对各行各业的英才都有着巨大的吸引力，尤其是那些怀揣梦想的年轻人。
②The actress's beauty fascinated everyone.
这位女演员的美貌吸引了全体观众。
③I was fascinated with/by the different people who did business with me.
我对跟我做生意的各种不同的人感到着迷。
④Behind the house is the start of a fascinating trail.
迷人的小径从我们房子后面延伸出去。
单句语法填空
①I was ________ (fascinate) by the voice.
②I found the whole film ________ (fascinate)．
③I've had a lifelong ________ (fascinate) with the sea and with small boats.
答案：①fascinated ②fascinating ③fascination
2 fashion n. 时尚(教材P19)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①The style of cloth is in fashion nowadays.
现在这种布料正流行。
②That colour has gone out of fashion.
那种颜色已经不时兴了。
③New things come into fashion soon all the time.
新事物总是会很快就流行起来。
④If you want to be different from others, you should not follow the fashion.
如果你想与众不同，就不要随大流。
⑤Have you ever dreamed of having a fashionable watch of great value
你可曾梦想过有块价值不菲的时尚手表？
(1)单句语法填空
①The church wedding ceremony from the West has now come ________ fashion in China, too.
②High heels are ________ (fashion) this year.
③Jeans are still ________ fashion in many big cities among the young.
答案：①into ②fashionable ③in
(2)单句表达
①请有序地离开大楼。
Please leave the building ____________________________．
②滑板风行了几个月，但又不流行了。
The skateboard caught on for a few months, but then dropped ________________．
答案：①in an orderly fashion ②out of fashion
focus on 集中(注意力、精力)于(教材P20)
归纳拓展
①I'm so tired that I can't focus on anything today.
今天我太累了，无法集中精力做任何事。
②Please focus your minds on the following problem.
请集中精力考虑以下问题。
③You cannot take a good photograph unless the object is in focus.
只有对准焦距才可以拍出好照片。
④In some of the pictures the subjects are out of focus while the background is sharp.
在一些照片中，主体对焦不准，背景反而很清晰。
(1)单句语法填空
①We must focus our attention ________ urgent problems.
②Our policy is to focus ________ developing these areas.
答案：①on ②on
(2)单句表达
①照片中孩子们的脸模糊不清。
The children's faces are ________________ in the photograph.
②我在这次讲座中将集中讲解非常具体的问题。
What I'm going to do in this lecture is ______________ something very specific.
③请把注意力集中在你正在读的那篇文章上。
Please ______________________ the article you are reading.
④如果你想得到一个更好的视角，把物体放在焦点上。
If you want to get a better view, ________ the object ____________．
答案：①out of focus ②(to) focus on ③focus your attention on ④bring; into focus
1 Although he always knew where fashionable parties and events were happening, Cunningham liked to photograph ordinary people in the poor Bronx as much as VIPs in rich Manhattan.(教材P19) 虽然他总是知道时尚聚会和大型活动举办的地点，但无论是对于在贫穷的布朗克斯拍摄普通人，还是在富裕的曼哈顿拍摄贵宾，他都同样喜欢。
剖析 as ... as意为“和……一样”。
归纳拓展
①This room is twice as large as that one.
这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。
②He doesn't study as/so hard as his brother.
他学习不如他弟弟努力。
③He doesn't pay as much tax as we do.
他没我们交的税款多。
④I have as good a voice as you.
我的声音和你的一样好。
⑤You are not half as clever as you think you are.
你没有你自己认为的那么聪明。
单句表达
①既然你这么有诚意与我们做生意，那么我们也尽我们所能降低价格上限。
Since you deal with us so sincerely, we will reduce the price ceiling ____________ we can.
②我们花了长达三年的时间才完成了这项计划。
It took us ____________________ to carry out the plan.
③现在餐馆没有过去多了。
There are not __________________ there were.
④这件事比我预料的多花了两倍的时间。
It took three times ____________ I had expected.
答案：①as much as ②as long as three years ③as many restaurants as ④as long as
2 These things were real, and it was within their reality that Cunningham saw both beauty and potential.(教材P19) 这些东西是真实的，在这种真实中，坎宁安看到了美好和潜力。
剖析 it was ... that ... 为强调句型，用来强调句子中的状语within their reality。
归纳拓展
①It is I that/who am going to attend the meeting.
是我要去参加这个会议。
②Was it five years ago that we got together last time
我们上次相聚是在五年前吗？
③What is it that has made him what he is today
是什么让他变成今天这样的呢？
④It was not until ten o'clock that he went to bed.
直到10点他才上床睡觉。
句型转换
①I met John in the street yesterday.
→________________________________ yesterday.(强调主语)
→________________________________ yesterday.(强调地点状语)
→________________________________ yesterday？(特殊疑问句，对主语I提问)
②They did not start until the rain stopped.(改为强调句型)
→________________________________________________________________________
答案：①It was I that/who met John in the street; It was in the street that I met John; Who was it that met John in the street ②It was not until the rain stopped that they started.
3 He valued his integrity and would not be bought by anyone, no matter how many free clothes or flights to faraway destinations he was offered.(教材P20) 他珍视自己的正直，不为任何人所动摇，无论提供给他多少免费衣物或远程航班。
剖析 no matter how引导让步状语从句，意为“无论多么……”，how后紧跟形容词或副词，此处相当于“however＋形容词/副词”。
归纳拓展
①No matter how/However low you consider yourself, there is always someone looking up to you wishing they were that high.
不管你把自己看得多么卑微，总有人仰慕你，希望能达到你那样的高度。
②Face up to life with smiles no matter what/whatever happens.
无论发生什么，都要微笑着面对生活。
③We will defer to whatever the committee decides.
我们遵从委员会作出的任何决定。
单句表达
①无论有多么困难，我决心提前完成工作。
________________________， I'm determined to finish the work ahead of time.
②无论你说什么，我再也不相信你了。
________________________， I won't believe you any longer.
答案：①No matter how/However difficult it is ②No matter what/Whatever you say
Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子
1．Some adjustment of the ________ (镜头) may be necessary.
答案：lens
2．In the ________ (遥远的) mountainous village, people still keep up the old traditions.
答案：faraway
3．After she won the dance competition, she found herself something of a ________ (名人) in her community.
答案：celebrity
4．He is a chef who learned his ________ (技能) in top hotels.
答案：craft
5．The book is an absolute must－read if you would like an ________ (简单的) method in positively improving your life.
答案：uncomplicated
6．The restaurant charged us 1，000 yuan for the wine which is worth one tenth in a g________ store.
答案：grocery
7．The Bund of Shanghai is a f________ to which both Chinese and foreigners are looking forward.
答案：fascination
8．China's development will not p________ a threat to any other country.
答案：pose
9．All the staff in our company are considering going to the city centre for the f________ show.
答案：fashion
10．A true a________ is supposed to be a writer at the same time.
答案：anthropologist
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．It is the variant, first discovered in the UK, ________ has so far spread to more than 50 countries.
答案：that
2．The old man was telling a funny story, surrounded by many kids, all of whom listened with ________ (fascinate)．
答案：fascination
3．________ I could pass him I could not shake him off.
答案：Although
4．His daughter is an easygoing, ________ (complicated) girl.
答案：uncomplicated
5．Many people in the movie industry, music industry and sports are ________ (celebrity)．
答案：celebrities
6．There ________ (be) more than one theatre in the center.
答案：is
7．A painter friend I know expects me to pose ________ him by the hour.
答案：for
8．This restaurant wasn't half as good ________ that other restaurant we went to.
答案：as
9．The talks will focus ________ economic development of the region.
答案：on
10．My aunt is thought very ________ (fashion), for she is always wearing a sweater being advertised on TV these months.
答案：fashionable
Ⅲ.选词填空
pass away, focus on, more than, regardless of, a range of
1．Students should resist the temptation to ____________ exams at the moment.
答案：focus on
2．____________ green campaigns have been launched globally in response to the gravity of the climate crisis.
答案：A range of
3．But after her father ____________ two years ago, she changed greatly.
答案：passed away
4．It takes in anybody ____________ religion, colour, or creed.
答案：regardless of
5．Mr Brown is ____________ a teacher to us; we look on him as our friend.
答案：more than
Ⅳ.单句表达
1．有时事物一夜之间就会过时。
Things can sometimes go __________________ overnight.
答案：out of fashion
2．父母不仅仅是孩子的抚养人，他们也是孩子的第一任老师。
Parents are ____________ providers for their kids and they are also their first teachers.
答案：more than
3．据我所知，只有一种可行的远离危险的方法。
________________________， there is only one possible way to keep away from danger.
答案：As far as I know/am concerned
4．是我姐姐在我处境困难的时候帮助了我。(强调句型)
________________________ gave me a hand when I was in trouble.
答案：It was my sister who/that
5．无论生活多么艰辛，我都会一直相信自己。(no matter引导让步状语从句)
________________ life is, I'll always believe in myself.
答案：No matter how hard
课后课时作业(一)
Ⅰ 阅读
A
When I was a kid, I loved reading history novels, science fiction, detective stories, but especially comics. I had piles of them and kept talking my dad into making more shelves for me. One day, I read about a 13 year old boy who had actually written one of my favorite comics, Legion of Super Heroes, and I said, “I can do that too.” That year, I was two years younger than the writer.
Three years later, a friend and I started our own fan magazine about comics. It became the first place that regularly told people when their favorite comics were coming out and writers and artists were working on them. Because of the magazine, I won the awards for The Comic Reader, but more important, it got many of the people in the field to know who I was.
One day when I was visiting DC Comics for news for my next issue, one of the editors gave me a chance to write text for his comic. Suddenly, at 16, I was getting paid to write.
I was able to pay for my college classes working as an assistant editor at DC Comics and learned how to write comics stories while I was there. I wrote hundreds of stories. Over the years, I worked as an editor and an executive (主管) for the company, eventually serving as a president and publisher, until earlier this year. Now I'm back to my first love, writing comics again.
Every morning, I open my email and find pages of art sent in by artists across the country who draw my stories. When I'm tired of working on the stories, I can go online and find my readers commenting on my stories or telling me when I make mistakes.
Keep reading and writing; it's a wonderful way to live.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者写漫画故事的经历，并告诉读者，坚持阅读和写作是一种很好的生活方式。
1.At what age did the author win the awards for The Comic Reader
A．13. B．14.
C．15. D．16.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，作者比13岁的小男孩小两岁，因此作者当时11岁；又根据第二段第一句中的“Three years later”可知，三年后作者获得了漫画读者奖。由此可知，作者在14岁时获得了漫画读者奖。故选B。
2．What is the author's present job
A．An editor. B．A painter.
C．A publisher. D．A comics writer.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“Now I'm back to my first love, writing comics again.”可知，作者目前的工作是漫画作家。故选D。
3．How is the passage mainly developed
A．By listing some data.
B．By giving examples.
C．By following time order.
D．By making comparisons.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。文章主要讲述了作者从小喜欢漫画，在14岁时获得了漫画读者奖，在16岁的时候，开始写作，作者多年来一直担任DC Comics公司的编辑和高管，最终担任总裁和出版人。由此可推知，这篇文章主要是按照时间顺序展开的。故选C。
B
Get up at 6 am, arrive at the hospital one hour earlier to help patients check in, and accompany patients during consultations ... In recent years, “patient escorts” has emerged as a new industry, and those who have taken on this career are known as “people who sell time”； 26 year old Zhang Tian is one of them.
September 4 was a lucky day for Zhang Tian. On this day, Zhang Tian saw a video about patient escorts on a short video platform. The daily routine of patient escorts shown in the video fascinated her and gradually inspired her to take this on as a business. She browsed through many platforms and read much information and found there indeed exists a certain demand for patient escorts, especially for the elderly, children, and pregnant women. Since she had never engaged in this kind of work before, she spent two days in major hospitals in Wuhan, in order to familiarize herself with all the departments on different floors, as well as the processes of medical consultation and preparation for surgery.
After preliminary preparatory (预备的) work, Zhang Tian posted a video of her self introduction on major social platforms, talking about the help and services a patient escort provides, as well as some tips for a quick and convenient medical consultation. At first, she was a little worried that her video would go unnoticed. However, after she uploaded the video, it got over 100 likes and she received her first ever offer as a patient escort.
The memory of her first task is still alive and fresh in her mind. She received a phone call on September 9 from a man whose father was seriously ill and might need surgery. He wanted Zhang Tian to accompany his father through his consultation and treatment. Zhang Tian made full preparations before meeting her first client and did a very good job despite her nervousness.
“Later, the family expressed their gratitude to me over and over again, which warmed my heart and gave me a sense of achievement.” Zhang Tian said.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了新型职业“陪诊”的代表章天在社交平台上谈论这一职业提供的帮助和服务及其引起的社会的关注以及这一职业对她的影响。
4.What do patient escorts do
A．They assist doctors in hospitals.
B．They arrive at hospitals early to check in.
C．They take on this career to sell their time.
D．They help patients get treated in hospitals.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段可知，“陪诊”的职责为帮助病人更好地在医院接受治疗。故选D。
5．September 4 was a lucky day for Zhang Tian because ________．
A．she enjoyed seeing an interesting video
B．she got inspiration for her own career
C．she found a demand for medical workers
D．she was well received on social platforms
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“September 4 was a lucky day ... take this on as a business.”可知，9月4日对章天来说是幸运的一天，因为她为自己的事业找到了灵感。故选B。
6．How did Zhang Tian get her first client
A．She got familiar with the routine work in hospitals.
B．She spent two days in major hospitals to meet patients.
C．Her video on social platforms attracted her first client.
D．The man's father was seriously ill and might need a surgery.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“However, after she uploaded ... as a patient escort.”可知，章天在社交平台上的视频吸引了她的第一个客户。故选C。
7．Which of the following words best describe Zhang Tian
A．Hardworking and considerate.
B．Humorous and careful.
C．Ambitious and imaginative.
D．Talkative and positive.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，章天认真学习工作的流程，由此可推知，她具有努力工作、考虑周到的美好品质。故选A。
Ⅱ 七选五
Emotional intelligence, sometimes referred to as EQ, refers to a person's ability to recognize, understand, manage and reason with emotions. __1__ And it is a hot topic not only in psychology but also in the business world. If you want to succeed in the workplace and move up the career ladder, emotional intelligence is critical to your success.
__2__ According to one survey of hiring managers, almost 75 percent of respondents suggested that they valued an employee's EQ more than their IQ. Emotional intelligence is widely recognized as a valuable skill that helps improve communication, management, problem solving, and relationships within the workplace. __3__
So if you are interested in improving your emotional intelligence skills to benefit your workplace performance, there are a few things you can do.
One of the first steps toward using emotional intelligence skills in the workplace is to practice recognizing your own emotions. Self awareness involves being aware of different aspects of yourself, including your emotions and feelings. It is one of the fundamental parts of emotional intelligence.
__4__ Being aware of your emotions is an important first step, but you also need to be able to manage the things you are feeling. People who possess good self regulation are able to adapt well to changing situations.
Research on emotion psychology also suggests that people with high EQs also have strong social skills. __5__ As a result, they are able to respond appropriately to the situation.
Emotional intelligence plays an important role not only in well being but also in your success in the workplace. Fortunately, there are a number of lessons you can take from emotion psychology to improve your EQ.
A．Having hobbies outside of work is a great place to start.
B．Self regulation is also a critical part of emotional intelligence.
C．In the past, emotion and intelligence were often thought of as opposites.
D．So why is emotional intelligence such a valued workplace skill
E．It is a critical ability when it comes to inter personal communication.
F．This is because they are good at recognizing other people's emotions.
G．It is also a skill that researchers believe can be improved with training and practice.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了情商的重要性及提高情商的方法。
1.答案：E
解析：上文介绍了情商的含义，E项(当谈到人际沟通，这是一个关键的能力。)承接上文，介绍了情商的重要性，“It”代指上文提到的“Emotional intelligence”。故选E。
2．答案：D
解析：上文提到情商是重要的职场技能，下文用调查结果来说明情商在职场上很重要，D项(那么，为什么情商是如此重要的职场技能呢？)承上启下。故选D。
3．答案：G
解析：下文提到有一些办法可以帮助提高情商，G项(研究人员相信，通过训练和实践，这项技能也可以得到提高。)引出下文。故选G。
4．答案：B
解析：下文提到要自我调节，B项(自我调节也是情商的重要组成部分。)引出下文，且下文中的“self regulation”也是提示。故选B。
5．答案：F
解析：上文提到情商高的人也有很强的社交能力，下文提到情商高的人因此能根据情况作出恰当的反应，F项(这是因为他们善于识别别人的情绪。)承上启下。故选F。
课后课时作业(二)
Ⅰ 阅读
Listed below are the stories of women you may not know about, but definitely should.
Hedy Lamarr
Hedy Lamarr starred in many films. But her film career was far from her only noteworthy achievement; she was also a brilliant inventor. In 1942, she and composer George Antheil received a patent (专利) for a device that could change radio signal frequencies. The purpose of the technology was to keep military enemies from figuring out messages. But it did more than that—it laid a foundation for the wireless technology we use today.
Maria Sibylla Merian
Today, children can happily explain how a caterpillar (毛虫) turns into a butterfly. But there was a time when no one knew this. Until the 1670s, scientists thought that caterpillars and butterflies were two totally different creatures. Thanks to Maria, we know the truth about these beautiful winged insects. Fascinated by insects, she began collecting, studying and drawing them as a child. It was through her study of caterpillars that she discovered the truth about their life cycles. She published two volumes of naturalist research, which provide major contributions to the field of entomology (昆虫学)．
Ada Lovelace
Ada Lovelace, the daughter of celebrated British poet Lord Byron, wasn't a poet herself but the world's first computer programmer. We think of computers as a recent invention, but people were toying with the idea of “computing machines” in the mid 19th century when Lovelace was alive. Lovelace's mathematical genius was apparent at a young age and caught the attention of Cambridge professor Charles Babbage, who was working to design early computing machines that would be able to quickly solve math problems. Lovelace wrote some suggestions as to how to program the machines to work out numbers.
In addition to designing this early computer program, she was also the first to suggest that these computers might be able to do more than compute. She imagined them doing almost everything, from producing images to composing music.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了三位为科学做出巨大贡献的女性。
1．What does the underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refer to
A．The technology. B．The patent.
C．The device. D．The film career.
答案：A
解析：指代判断题。根据画线词上文“The purpose of the technology ... figuring out messages.”可知，这项技术做得更多——这项技术为我们今天使用的无线电技术奠定了基础，it指代“the technology”。故选A。
2．Before Maria's discovery, people thought that ________．
A．a butterfly was insect without wings
B．a butterfly was turned from a caterpillar
C．a caterpillar had nothing to do with a butterfly
D．a caterpillar and a butterfly were insects of a kind
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据Maria Sibylla Merian部分中的“Until the 1670s, scientists thought that caterpillars and butterflies were two totally different creatures.”可知，17世纪70年代，科学家还认为毛毛虫和蝴蝶是两种完全不同的生物。故选C。
3．What can we learn about Ada Lovelace from the text
A．She possessed literary talent just like her father.
B．She foresaw various functions of the computer.
C．She received education in Cambridge University.
D．She is considered to have invented the computer.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“She imagined them doing almost everything, from producing images to composing music.”可知，Ada Lovelace(阿达·洛夫莱斯)想象用电脑做每件事。由此可推知，Ada Lovelace预见了电脑的不同功能。故选B。
4．What did the three women have in common
A．They discovered priceless things existing in nature.
B．They were entirely devoted to women's rights.
C．They were expert at information technology.
D．They made great contributions to science.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。Hedy Lamarr(海蒂·拉玛)发明了一种改变无线电讯号的装置；Maria Sibylla Merian(马里亚·西比拉·梅瑞安)发现了毛毛虫进化成蝴蝶的事实；Ada Lovelace设计了早期的计算机程序，所以这三位女士的共同之处是她们都为科学做出了巨大的贡献。故选D。
Ⅱ 完形填空
We have all heard how time is more valuable than money, but is it __1__ to have too much time
I remembered back in high school I spent most of my day at school since I also __2__ a team sport. By the time I got home, I only had a few hours to do my homework, and I had to do it __3__．
When I got into college, things __4__. I suddenly found myself out of class before noon time. So there was no sense of __5__ to do my school work immediately. I was performing this action of waiting until it later became a __6__. Once that happened, I just kept __7__ my studying further and further back in my day. Then I got to the point where I was __8__ really late at night to get my work done.
One day I __9__ a former classmate of mine making a lot of money running a sideline (副业). Since his regular job was boring, I asked him why he just didn't do his sideline full time. He said without the job, he would __10__ have too much time and would just do what I did back in __11__. He said that if he __12__ the job, he would lose his __13__ to work and succeed.
So, try __14__ your time with other work. This is why there is a saying that if you want something done, ask a __15__ person to do it.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者因为在大学的空闲时间太多而养成了拖延的习惯，相比之下他的同学充分利用空闲时间，挣了很多钱，作者最终明白人们要充分利用时间才可能获得成功。
1.A.true B．fair
C．strange D．possible
答案：D
解析：根据前文“We have all heard how time is more valuable than money”可知，人们认为时间比金钱更重要，此处是指作者提出疑问：是否有可能拥有更多的时间？故选D。
2．A.watched B．loved
C．coached D．played
答案：D
解析：根据后文“a team sport”可知，作者参加了一个团体运动，play意为“参加”。故选D。
3．A.at last B．right away
C．of course D．at first
答案：B
解析：at last 最后；right away 立刻；of course 当然；at first 首先。根据前文“I only had a few hours to do my homework”可知，作者只有几个小时的时间做作业，由此可知，作者回家就得立刻做作业。故选B。
4．A.happened B．repeated
C．changed D．mattered
答案：C
解析：根据后文“I suddenly found myself out of class before noon time.”可知，作者上大学后时间充裕，和之前上高中时相比，情况发生了改变。故选C。
5．A.duty B．achievement
C．urgency D．direction
答案：C
解析：duty 责任；achievement 成就；urgency 紧急；direction 方向。作者上大学后时间充裕，因此在做作业这件事上没有紧迫感。故选C。
6．A.burden B．relief
C．risk D．habit
答案：D
解析：burden 负担；relief 安慰；risk 风险；habit 习惯。根据后文“Once that happened, I just kept __7__ my studying further and further back in my day.”可知，作者每天不停把作业往后拖，养成了拖延的习惯。故选D。
7．A.pushing B．taking
C．setting D．calling
答案：A
解析：根据后文“Then I got to the point where I was __8__ really late at night to get my work done.”可知，作者总是把做作业的事情拖到很晚才做。故选A。
8．A.hanging out B．staying up
C．jogging round D．showing off
答案：B
解析：hang out 闲逛；stay up 熬夜；jog round 慢跑；show off 炫耀。根据后文“late at night to get my work done”可知，作者熬夜完成作业。故选B。
9．A.met B．helped
C．treated D．hired
答案：A
解析：根据后文“a former classmate of mine”和他们之间的对话可知，此处指作者遇到了老同学。故选A。
10．A.luckily B．hardly
C．hopefully D．simply
答案：D
解析：luckily 幸运地；hardly 几乎不；hopefully 有希望地；simply 仅仅。根据前文“He said without the job”可知，如果他没有工作了，仅仅会拥有更多的时间。故选D。
11．A.childhood B．college
C．town D．business
答案：B
解析：此处指他的同学如果没有工作，仅仅会拥有更多的时间，并像他在大学做过的事。故选B。
12．A.quit B．found
C．accepted D．kept
答案：A
解析：根据后文“he would ... and succeed”可知，此处表示辞去工作。故选A。
13．A.heart B．chance
C．drive D．way
答案：C
解析：根据前文“He said without the job, he would __10__ have too much time”可知，老同学认为辞掉现在的工作，他会有很多额外的时间，但也会养成拖延的习惯，没有工作的动力。故选C。
14．A.saving B．filling up
C．giving up D．trading
答案：B
解析：此处作者建议用其他工作填满时间。故选B。
15．A.careful B．busy
C．reliable D．kind
答案：B
解析：careful 认真的；busy 忙碌的；reliable 可靠的；kind 和善的。根据前文可知，使自己忙碌起来才能有工作的动力。故选B。
Ⅲ 语法填空
There are two factors __1__ (determine) an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born __2__. Human brains differ considerably, some being __3__ (capable) than others. But however good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low intelligence unless he has opportunities __4__ (learn). So the second factor is __5__ happens to the individual—the sort of environment __6__ he is brought up. If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is __7__ (like) that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.
The importance of environment in determining an individual's intelligence can __8__ (show) by the case of the twins, Peter and Mark. When the twins were three months old, __9__ (they) parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was brought up by parents of low intelligence with poor educational opportunities. Mark was educated in __10__ well－educated family. 20 years later, Mark's IQ was 125, twenty－five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his twin brother.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了决定人们智力的两个因素：天赋和环境。
1．答案：determining
解析：考查非谓语动词。determine与factors之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语。故填determining。
2．答案：with
解析：考查介词。句意：第一个因素是他与生俱来的大脑。be born with “与生俱来”，为固定搭配。故填with。
3．答案：more capable
解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据设空后than可知，此处应用形容词的比较级。故填more capable。
4．答案：to learn
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，无论一个人有多么好的大脑，除非他有学习的机会，否则他的智力就会很低。此处应用动词不定式作opportunities的后置定语。故填to learn。
5．答案：what
解析：考查表语从句的连接词。此处引导表语从句，设空处在从句中作主语，表示“……的事”，应用what连接。故填what。
6．答案：where
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词environment，在从句中作地点状语，应用where。故填where。
7．答案：likely
解析：考查词性转换。句意：如果一个人在环境上有缺陷，他的大脑很可能无法发育，他永远也达不到应有的智力水平。it is likely that ... “有可能……”为固定句型。故填likely。
8．答案：be shown
解析：考查动词的语态和情态动词。动词show和主语The importance of environment之间是被动关系，情态动词can后应用动词原形。故填be shown。
9．答案：their
解析：考查代词。修饰名词parents应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
10．答案：a
解析：考查冠词。此处family为可数名词单数，应用不定冠词表示泛指；且well－educated的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
22(共110张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
Unit 2 A life’s work
Period Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
课前预习自检
重点合作探究
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
课堂效果检测
3
课后课时作业（一）
４
课后课时作业（二）
5
课前预习自检
Life Behind the Lens
镜头背后的生活
A white－haired old man riding an ordinary bicycle around the streets of New York, always wearing the same blue worker's jacket and simple black running shoes.
一位白发苍苍的老人骑着一辆普通的自行车在纽约的街道上穿行，他总是穿着同样的蓝色工装夹克和简单的黑色跑鞋。
If you saw him, you'd never think there was anything remarkable about him.
如果你看到他，你绝不会认为他有什么了不起的地方。
And yet every member of New York's wealthy high society wanted nothing more than to pose for this man.
然而，纽约富有的上流社会的每一位成员都想在这个人面前摆姿势。
词句自测
①______ n. (照相机、摄像机的)镜头
②______ v. (使)摆好姿势
lens
pose
This ordinary-looking man was Bill Cunningham, one of the most important American photographers of the last 50 years.
这个相貌平平的人就是比尔·坎宁安，过去50年里美国最重要的摄影师之一。
词句自测
③“主(This ordinary looking man)系(was)表(Bill Cunningham)”。one of the ... of the last 50 years是Bill Cunningham的_________。
同位语
What made Cunningham so great
是什么让坎宁安如此伟大？
It certainly wasn't the use of expensive, technologically advanced equipment.
当然不是使用昂贵的、技术先进的设备。
Cunningham always used simple, relatively cheap cameras and took all his pictures on the streets of New York, not in a studio.
坎宁安总是使用简单、相对便宜的相机，而且他所有的照片都是在纽约街头而不是在摄影棚拍摄的。
Nor was it a wide range of contacts and connections.
也没有一堆的联系和社交。
Although he always knew where fashionable parties and events were happening, Cunningham liked to photograph ordinary people in the poor Bronx as much as VIPs in rich Manhattan.
虽然他总是知道哪里有时髦的聚会和活动，但坎宁安喜欢拍摄生活在贫穷的布朗克斯的普通人，就像喜欢拍摄生活在富裕的曼哈顿的贵宾一样。
词句自测
④“让步状语从句(Although he ... happening)＋主句(Cunningham liked ... Manhattan)”。从句的结构为“主(he)谓(knew)宾(where fashionable parties and events were happening)”。where ... happening是where引导的______从句，where在从句中作______状语。
宾语
地点
He found inspiration where others could not, in simple, everyday scenes, such as a man buying oranges at the local grocery store, or a woman riding home on the graffiti-covered subway.
他从一些简单的日常场景中找到了别人无法找到的灵感，比如在当地的超级市场买橘子的男人，或者乘坐满是涂鸦的地铁回家的女人。
These things were real, and it was within their reality that Cunningham saw both beauty and potential.
这些东西都是真实的，正是在它们的真实中，坎宁安看到了它们的美和潜力。
Through his fascination with what people were wearing, and not who they were, he opened the doors of fashion to everyone—fashion as he saw it belonged to the people, not just to high society and big brands.
他因为人们的穿着而着迷，而不管他们是谁，他为所有人打开了时尚的大门——在他看来，时尚属于人民，而不只是属于上流社会和大品牌。
词句自测
⑤_________ n. 食品杂货店
⑥____________ 超级市场
⑦__________ n. 着迷，迷恋
⑧_______ n. 时尚
⑨“主(he)谓(opened)宾(the doors of fashion)”。介词短语 Through ... who they were作_____状语，其中介词with后跟两个并列的_____从句what people were wearing和who they were；破折号起解释说明的作用。
grocery
grocery store
fascination
fashion
方式
宾语
Moreover, what made Cunningham great was his devotion to photography, and the hours and hours of sheer hard work he put into his work.
此外，坎宁安的伟大之处在于他对摄影的热爱，以及他在工作中投入的大量时间和精力。
Cunningham would go out onto the streets of New York each and every day, regardless of the weather.
坎宁安每天都会走上纽约的街头，不管天气如何。
He would even stay outside in a storm, not coming back until he knew he had the right photos.
他甚至会在暴风雨中待在外面，直到他知道自己拍到了合适的照片才回来。
He hardly ever took a day off and not once stayed home sick.
他几乎没有请过一天假，也没有因为一次生病待在家里。
This devotion and hard work is what we see reflected within his photos.
我们可以看到这种奉献和努力工作的精神也反映在他的照片里。
This is what makes them so special.
这就是这些照片的特别之处。
词句自测
⑩“主(what made Cunningham great)系(was)表(his devotion ... his work)”。he put into his work是______从句，其前省略了引导词that或which，在从句中作put的______。
定语
宾语
Although he was a world famous fashion photographer, Cunningham's approach to life was uncomplicated.
虽然坎宁安是世界著名的时尚摄影师，但他的生活方式并不复杂。
He lived in a small apartment with a shared washroom.
他住在一间有公用卫生间的小公寓里。
A simple restaurant was where he usually had the same meal of sausages, eggs and coffee.
他通常在一家简单的餐馆里吃着相同的食物——香肠、鸡蛋和咖啡。
词句自测
_____________ adj. 不复杂的，简单的；单纯的
uncomplicated
Cunningham never accepted the benefits offered to him for being a fashion photographer.
坎宁安从来没有接受过作为一名时尚摄影师给他带来的好处。
He valued his integrity and would not be bought by anyone, no matter how many free clothes or flights to faraway destinations he was offered.
他珍视自己的正直，无论提供给他多少免费的衣服或飞往遥远目的地的航班，他都不会被任何人收买。
词句自测
________ adj. 遥远的
offered to him为______________作后置定语，修饰the benefits; being a fashion photographer为____________作介词for的宾语。
faraway
过去分词短语
动名词短语
And if he went to a celebrity party, he was there to work rather than have fun.
如果他去参加名人派对，他是去工作而不是娱乐。
“Money's the cheapest thing，” he once said, then added: “... freedom is the most expensive.”
“钱是最廉价的东西，”他曾经说过，然后补充道：“……自由才是最昂贵的。”
This lack of self－interest and promotion kept Cunningham focused on his craft, enabling him to capture New York's unique street style.
这种不为名利的状态让坎宁安专注于他的摄影技能，使他能够捕捉到纽约独特的街头风格。
词句自测
_________ n. 名人，明星
______ n. (某一行业所需的)技能
celebrity
craft
Cunningham's passion for photography lasted throughout his life.
坎宁安对摄影的热情贯穿了他的一生。
He was 87 when he passed away, and had been working right up until his last illness.
他去世时87岁，一直工作到最后病逝。
Nothing ever stopped him from getting the photo he wanted.
没有什么能阻止他拍到他想要的照片。
His hard work made him more than a fashion photographer—he was a “cultural anthropologist”， who we can thank for recording the life of a whole city and its people over half a century.
他的辛勤工作使他不仅仅是一名时尚摄影师——他还是一名“文化人类学家”，我们应该感谢他记录了整个城市及其人民长达半个世纪的生活。
Bill Cunningham was an observer, and not one of the observed, a worker not a star—and this was how he wanted it.
比尔·坎宁安是一个观察者，而不是一个被观察者，是一个劳动者而不是一个明星——这就是他想要的。
词句自测
______________ n. 人类学家
anthropologist
重点合作探究
1 fascination n. 着迷，迷恋(教材P19)
归纳 拓展
情景 助记
①This city holds a great fascination to the talents from all walks of life, particularly to those young people who have dreams.
这座城市对各行各业的英才都有着巨大的吸引力，尤其是那些怀揣梦想的年轻人。
②The actress's beauty fascinated everyone.
这位女演员的美貌吸引了全体观众。
③I was fascinated with/by the different people who did business with me.
我对跟我做生意的各种不同的人感到着迷。
④Behind the house is the start of a fascinating trail.
迷人的小径从我们房子后面延伸出去。
单句语法填空
①I was __________ (fascinate) by the voice.
②I found the whole film __________ (fascinate)．
③I've had a lifelong __________ (fascinate) with the sea and with small boats.
fascinated
fascinating
fascination
2 fashion n. 时尚(教材P19)
归纳 拓展
情景 助记
①The style of cloth is in fashion nowadays.
现在这种布料正流行。
②That colour has gone out of fashion.
那种颜色已经不时兴了。
③New things come into fashion soon all the time.
新事物总是会很快就流行起来。
④If you want to be different from others, you should not follow the fashion.
如果你想与众不同，就不要随大流。
⑤Have you ever dreamed of having a fashionable watch of great value
你可曾梦想过有块价值不菲的时尚手表？
(1)单句语法填空
①The church wedding ceremony from the West has now come ______ fashion in China, too.
②High heels are ___________ (fashion) this year.
③Jeans are still _____ fashion in many big cities among the young.
into
fashionable
in
(2)单句表达
①请有序地离开大楼。
Please leave the building ___________________．
②滑板风行了几个月，但又不流行了。
The skateboard caught on for a few months, but then dropped _____________．
in an orderly fashion
out of fashion
focus on 集中(注意力、精力)于(教材P20)
归纳 拓展
①I'm so tired that I can't focus on anything today.
今天我太累了，无法集中精力做任何事。
②Please focus your minds on the following problem.
请集中精力考虑以下问题。
③You cannot take a good photograph unless the object is in focus.
只有对准焦距才可以拍出好照片。
④In some of the pictures the subjects are out of focus while the background is sharp.
在一些照片中，主体对焦不准，背景反而很清晰。
(1)单句语法填空
①We must focus our attention _____ urgent problems.
②Our policy is to focus ____ developing these areas.
(2)单句表达
①照片中孩子们的脸模糊不清。
The children's faces are _____________ in the photograph.
on
on
out of focus
②我在这次讲座中将集中讲解非常具体的问题。
What I'm going to do in this lecture is ____________ something very specific.
③请把注意力集中在你正在读的那篇文章上。
Please _____________________ the article you are reading.
④如果你想得到一个更好的视角，把物体放在焦点上。
If you want to get a better view, ______ the object __________．
(to) focus on
focus your attention on
bring
into focus
1 Although he always knew where fashionable parties and events were happening, Cunningham liked to photograph ordinary people in the poor Bronx as much as VIPs in rich Manhattan.(教材P19)
虽然他总是知道时尚聚会和大型活动举办的地点，但无论是对于在贫穷的布朗克斯拍摄普通人，还是在富裕的曼哈顿拍摄贵宾，他都同样喜欢。
剖析 as ... as意为“和……一样”。
归纳 拓展
①This room is twice as large as that one.
这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。
②He doesn't study as/so hard as his brother.
他学习不如他弟弟努力。
③He doesn't pay as much tax as we do.
他没我们交的税款多。
④I have as good a voice as you.
我的声音和你的一样好。
⑤You are not half as clever as you think you are.
你没有你自己认为的那么聪明。
单句表达
①既然你这么有诚意与我们做生意，那么我们也尽我们所能降低价格上限。
Since you deal with us so sincerely, we will reduce the price ceiling ___________ we can.
②我们花了长达三年的时间才完成了这项计划。
It took us ____________________ to carry out the plan.
as much as
as long as three years
③现在餐馆没有过去多了。
There are not ___________________ there were.
④这件事比我预料的多花了两倍的时间。
It took three times __________ I had expected.
as many restaurants as
as long as
2 These things were real, and it was within their reality that Cunningham saw both beauty and potential.(教材P19)
这些东西是真实的，在这种真实中，坎宁安看到了美好和潜力。
剖析 it was ... that ... 为强调句型，用来强调句子中的状语within their reality。
归纳 拓展
①It is I that/who am going to attend the meeting.
是我要去参加这个会议。
②Was it five years ago that we got together last time
我们上次相聚是在五年前吗？
③What is it that has made him what he is today
是什么让他变成今天这样的呢？
④It was not until ten o'clock that he went to bed.
直到10点他才上床睡觉。
句型转换
①I met John in the street yesterday.
→________________________________ yesterday.(强调主语)
→_____________________________ yesterday.(强调地点状语)
→________________________________ yesterday？(特殊疑问句，对主语I提问)
②They did not start until the rain stopped.(改为强调句型)
→________________________________________________________________
It was I that/who met John in the street
It was in the street that I met John
Who was it that met John in the street
It was not until the rain stopped that they started.
3 He valued his integrity and would not be bought by anyone, no matter how many free clothes or flights to faraway destinations he was offered.
(教材P20)
他珍视自己的正直，不为任何人所动摇，无论提供给他多少免费衣物或远程航班。
剖析 no matter how引导让步状语从句，意为“无论多么……”，how后紧跟形容词或副词，此处相当于“however＋形容词/副词。
归纳拓展
①No matter how/However low you consider yourself, there is always someone looking up to you wishing they were that high.
不管你把自己看得多么卑微，总有人仰慕你，希望能达到你那样的高度。
②Face up to life with smiles no matter what/whatever happens.
无论发生什么，都要微笑着面对生活。
③We will defer to whatever the committee decides.
我们遵从委员会作出的任何决定。
单句表达
①无论有多么困难，我决心提前完成工作。
_______________________________， I'm determined to finish the work ahead of time.
②无论你说什么，我再也不相信你了。
____________________________， I won't believe you any longer.
No matter how/However difficult it is
No matter what/Whatever you say
课堂效果检测
Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子
1．Some adjustment of the _____ (镜头) may be necessary.
2．In the ________ (遥远的) mountainous village, people still keep up the old traditions.
3．After she won the dance competition, she found herself something of a ________ (名人) in her community.
4．He is a chef who learned his ______ (技能) in top hotels.
lens
faraway
celebrity
craft
5．The book is an absolute must－read if you would like an _____________ (简单的) method in positively improving your life.
6．The restaurant charged us 1，000 yuan for the wine which is worth one tenth in a g______ store.
7．The Bund of Shanghai is a f__________ to which both Chinese and foreigners are looking forward.
8．China's development will not p____ a threat to any other country.
9．All the staff in our company are considering going to the city centre for the f________ show.
10．A true a____________ is supposed to be a writer at the same time.
uncomplicated
rocery
ascination
ose
ashion
nthropologist
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．It is the variant, first discovered in the UK, _____ has so far spread to more than 50 countries.
2．The old man was telling a funny story, surrounded by many kids, all of whom listened with __________ (fascinate)．
3．_________ I could pass him I could not shake him off.
4．His daughter is an easygoing, ______________ (complicated) girl.
5．Many people in the movie industry, music industry and sports are __________ (celebrity)．
that
fascination
Although
uncomplicated
celebrities
6．There ____ (be) more than one theatre in the center.
7．A painter friend I know expects me to pose ____ him by the hour.
8．This restaurant wasn't half as good ____ that other restaurant we went to.
9．The talks will focus _____ economic development of the region.
10．My aunt is thought very ___________ (fashion), for she is always wearing a sweater being advertised on TV these months.
is
for
as
on
fashionable
1．Students should resist the temptation to _________ exams at the moment.
2．___________ green campaigns have been launched globally in response to the gravity of the climate crisis.
3．But after her father ____________ two years ago, she changed greatly.
4．It takes in anybody ____________ religion, colour, or creed.
5．Mr Brown is __________ a teacher to us; we look on him as our friend.
Ⅲ.选词填空
pass away, focus on, more than, regardless of, a range of
focus on
A range of
passed away
regardless of
more than
Ⅳ.单句表达
1．有时事物一夜之间就会过时。
Things can sometimes go _____________ overnight.
2．父母不仅仅是孩子的抚养人，他们也是孩子的第一任老师。
Parents are _________ providers for their kids and they are also their first teachers.
3．据我所知，只有一种可行的远离危险的方法。
___________________________， there is only one possible way to keep away from danger.
out of fashion
more than
As far as I know/am concerned
4．是我姐姐在我处境困难的时候帮助了我。(强调句型)
______________________ gave me a hand when I was in trouble.
5．无论生活多么艰辛，我都会一直相信自己。(no matter引导让步状语从句)
_________________ life is, I'll always believe in myself.
It was my sister who/that
No matter how hard
课后课时作业（一）
Ⅰ 阅读
A
When I was a kid, I loved reading history novels, science fiction, detective stories, but especially comics. I had piles of them and kept talking my dad into making more shelves for me. One day, I read about a 13 year old boy who had actually written one of my favorite comics, Legion of Super Heroes, and I said, “I can do that too.” That year, I was two years younger than the writer.
Three years later, a friend and I started our own fan magazine about comics. It became the first place that regularly told people when their favorite comics were coming out and writers and artists were working on them. Because of the magazine, I won the awards for The Comic Reader, but more important, it got many of the people in the field to know who I was.
One day when I was visiting DC Comics for news for my next issue, one of the editors gave me a chance to write text for his comic. Suddenly, at 16, I was getting paid to write.
I was able to pay for my college classes working as an assistant editor at DC Comics and learned how to write comics stories while I was there. I wrote hundreds of stories. Over the years, I worked as an editor and an executive (主管) for the company, eventually serving as a president and publisher, until earlier this year. Now I'm back to my first love, writing comics again.
Every morning, I open my email and find pages of art sent in by artists across the country who draw my stories. When I'm tired of working on the stories, I can go online and find my readers commenting on my stories or telling me when I make mistakes.
Keep reading and writing; it's a wonderful way to live.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者写漫画故事的经历，并告诉读者，坚持阅读和写作是一种很好的生活方式。
1.At what age did the author win the awards for The Comic Reader
A．13. B．14.
C．15. D．16.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，作者比13岁的小男孩小两岁，因此作者当时11岁；又根据第二段第一句中的“Three years later”可知，三年后作者获得了漫画读者奖。由此可知，作者在14岁时获得了漫画读者奖。故选B。
2．What is the author's present job
A．An editor. B．A painter.
C．A publisher. D．A comics writer.
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“Now I'm back to my first love, writing comics again.”可知，作者目前的工作是漫画作家。故选D。
3．How is the passage mainly developed
A．By listing some data.
B．By giving examples.
C．By following time order.
D．By making comparisons.
解析：推理判断题。文章主要讲述了作者从小喜欢漫画，在14岁时获得了漫画读者奖，在16岁的时候，开始写作，作者多年来一直担任DC Comics公司的编辑和高管，最终担任总裁和出版人。由此可推知，这篇文章主要是按照时间顺序展开的。故选C。
B
Get up at 6 am, arrive at the hospital one hour earlier to help patients check in, and accompany patients during consultations ... In recent years, “patient escorts” has emerged as a new industry, and those who have taken on this career are known as “people who sell time”； 26 year old Zhang Tian is one of them.
September 4 was a lucky day for Zhang Tian. On this day, Zhang Tian saw a video about patient escorts on a short video platform. The daily routine of patient escorts shown in the video fascinated her and gradually inspired her to take this on as a business. She browsed through many platforms and read much information and found there indeed exists a certain demand for patient escorts, especially for the elderly, children,
and pregnant women. Since she had never engaged in this kind of work before, she spent two days in major hospitals in Wuhan, in order to familiarize herself with all the departments on different floors, as well as the processes of medical consultation and preparation for surgery.
After preliminary preparatory (预备的) work, Zhang Tian posted a video of her self introduction on major social platforms, talking about the help and services a patient escort provides, as well as some tips for a quick and convenient medical consultation. At first, she was a little worried that her video would go unnoticed. However, after she uploaded the video, it got over 100 likes and she received her first ever offer as a patient escort.
The memory of her first task is still alive and fresh in her mind. She received a phone call on September 9 from a man whose father was seriously ill and might need surgery. He wanted Zhang Tian to accompany his father through his consultation and treatment. Zhang Tian made full preparations before meeting her first client and did a very good job despite her nervousness.
“Later, the family expressed their gratitude to me over and over again, which warmed my heart and gave me a sense of achievement.” Zhang Tian said.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了新型职业“陪诊”的代表章天在社交平台上谈论这一职业提供的帮助和服务及其引起的社会的关注以及这一职业对她的影响。
4.What do patient escorts do
A．They assist doctors in hospitals.
B．They arrive at hospitals early to check in.
C．They take on this career to sell their time.
D．They help patients get treated in hospitals.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段可知，“陪诊”的职责为帮助病人更好地在医院接受治疗。故选D。
5．September 4 was a lucky day for Zhang Tian because ________．
A．she enjoyed seeing an interesting video
B．she got inspiration for her own career
C．she found a demand for medical workers
D．she was well received on social platforms
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“September 4 was a lucky day ... take this on as a business.”可知，9月4日对章天来说是幸运的一天，因为她为自己的事业找到了灵感。故选B。
6．How did Zhang Tian get her first client
A．She got familiar with the routine work in hospitals.
B．She spent two days in major hospitals to meet patients.
C．Her video on social platforms attracted her first client.
D．The man's father was seriously ill and might need a surgery.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“However, after she uploaded ... as a patient escort.”可知，章天在社交平台上的视频吸引了她的第一个客户。故选C。
7．Which of the following words best describe Zhang Tian
A．Hardworking and considerate.
B．Humorous and careful.
C．Ambitious and imaginative.
D．Talkative and positive.
解析：推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，章天认真学习工作的流程，由此可推知，她具有努力工作、考虑周到的美好品质。故选A。
Ⅱ 七选五
Emotional intelligence, sometimes referred to as EQ, refers to a person's ability to recognize, understand, manage and reason with emotions. __1__ And it is a hot topic not only in psychology but also in the business world. If you want to succeed in the workplace and move up the career ladder, emotional intelligence is critical to your success.
__2__ According to one survey of hiring managers, almost 75 percent of respondents suggested that they valued an employee's EQ more than their IQ. Emotional intelligence is widely recognized as a valuable skill that helps improve communication, management, problem solving, and relationships within the workplace. __3__
So if you are interested in improving your emotional intelligence skills to benefit your workplace performance, there are a few things you can do.
One of the first steps toward using emotional intelligence skills in the workplace is to practice recognizing your own emotions. Self awareness involves being aware of different aspects of yourself, including your emotions and feelings. It is one of the fundamental parts of emotional intelligence.
__4__ Being aware of your emotions is an important first step, but you also need to be able to manage the things you are feeling. People who possess good self regulation are able to adapt well to changing situations.
Research on emotion psychology also suggests that people with high EQs also have strong social skills. __5__ As a result, they are able to respond appropriately to the situation.
Emotional intelligence plays an important role not only in well being but also in your success in the workplace. Fortunately, there are a number of lessons you can take from emotion psychology to improve your EQ.
A．Having hobbies outside of work is a great place to start.
B．Self regulation is also a critical part of emotional intelligence.
C．In the past, emotion and intelligence were often thought of as opposites.
D．So why is emotional intelligence such a valued workplace skill
E．It is a critical ability when it comes to inter personal communication.
F．This is because they are good at recognizing other people's emotions.
G．It is also a skill that researchers believe can be improved with training and practice.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了情商的重要性及提高情商的方法。
1．答案：E
解析：上文介绍了情商的含义，E项(当谈到人际沟通，这是一个关键的能力。)承接上文，介绍了情商的重要性，“It”代指上文提到的“Emotional intelligence”。故选E。
2．答案：D
解析：上文提到情商是重要的职场技能，下文用调查结果来说明情商在职场上很重要，D项(那么，为什么情商是如此重要的职场技能呢？)承上启下。故选D。
3．答案：G
解析：下文提到有一些办法可以帮助提高情商，G项(研究人员相信，通过训练和实践，这项技能也可以得到提高。)引出下文。故选G。
4．答案：B
解析：下文提到要自我调节，B项(自我调节也是情商的重要组成部分。)引出下文，且下文中的“self regulation”也是提示。故选B。
5．答案：F
解析：上文提到情商高的人也有很强的社交能力，下文提到情商高的人因此能根据情况作出恰当的反应，F项(这是因为他们善于识别别人的情绪。)承上启下。故选F。
课后课时作业（二）
Ⅰ 阅读
Listed below are the stories of women you may not know about, but definitely should.
Hedy Lamarr
Hedy Lamarr starred in many films. But her film career was far from her only noteworthy achievement; she was also a brilliant inventor. In 1942, she and composer George Antheil received a patent (专利) for a device that could change radio signal frequencies. The purpose of the technology was to keep military enemies from figuring out messages. But it did more than that—it laid a foundation for the wireless technology we use today.
Maria Sibylla Merian
Today, children can happily explain how a caterpillar (毛虫) turns into a butterfly. But there was a time when no one knew this. Until the 1670s, scientists thought that caterpillars and butterflies were two totally different creatures. Thanks to Maria, we know the truth about these beautiful winged insects. Fascinated by insects, she began collecting, studying and drawing them as a child. It was through her study of caterpillars that she discovered the truth about their life cycles. She published two volumes of naturalist research, which provide major contributions to the field of entomology (昆虫学)．
Ada Lovelace
Ada Lovelace, the daughter of celebrated British poet Lord Byron, wasn't a poet herself but the world's first computer programmer. We think of computers as a recent invention, but people were toying with the idea of “computing machines” in the mid 19th century when Lovelace was alive. Lovelace's mathematical genius was apparent at a young age and caught the attention of Cambridge professor Charles Babbage, who was working to design early computing machines that would be able to quickly solve math problems. Lovelace wrote some suggestions as to how to program the machines to work out numbers.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了三位为科学做出巨大贡献的女性。
In addition to designing this early computer program, she was also the first to suggest that these computers might be able to do more than compute. She imagined them doing almost everything, from producing images to composing music.
1．What does the underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refer to
A．The technology. B．The patent.
C．The device. D．The film career.
解析：指代判断题。根据画线词上文“The purpose of the technology ... figuring out messages.”可知，这项技术做得更多——这项技术为我们今天使用的无线电技术奠定了基础，it指代“the technology”。故选A。
2．Before Maria's discovery, people thought that ________．
A．a butterfly was insect without wings
B．a butterfly was turned from a caterpillar
C．a caterpillar had nothing to do with a butterfly
D．a caterpillar and a butterfly were insects of a kind
解析：细节理解题。根据Maria Sibylla Merian部分中的“Until the 1670s, scientists thought that caterpillars and butterflies were two totally different creatures.”可知，17世纪70年代，科学家还认为毛毛虫和蝴蝶是两种完全不同的生物。故选C。
3．What can we learn about Ada Lovelace from the text
A．She possessed literary talent just like her father.
B．She foresaw various functions of the computer.
C．She received education in Cambridge University.
D．She is considered to have invented the computer.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“She imagined them doing almost everything, from producing images to composing music.”可知，Ada Lovelace(阿达·洛夫莱斯)想象用电脑做每件事。由此可推知，Ada Lovelace预见了电脑的不同功能。故选B。
4．What did the three women have in common
A．They discovered priceless things existing in nature.
B．They were entirely devoted to women's rights.
C．They were expert at information technology.
D．They made great contributions to science.
解析：推理判断题。Hedy Lamarr(海蒂·拉玛)发明了一种改变无线电讯号的装置；Maria Sibylla Merian(马里亚·西比拉·梅瑞安)发现了毛毛虫进化成蝴蝶的事实；Ada Lovelace设计了早期的计算机程序，所以这三位女士的共同之处是她们都为科学做出了巨大的贡献。故选D。
Ⅱ 完形填空
We have all heard how time is more valuable than money, but is it __1__ to have too much time
I remembered back in high school I spent most of my day at school since I also __2__ a team sport. By the time I got home, I only had a few hours to do my homework, and I had to do it __3__．
When I got into college, things __4__. I suddenly found myself out of class before noon time. So there was no sense of __5__ to do my school work immediately. I was performing this action of waiting until it later became a __6__. Once that happened, I just kept __7__ my studying further and further back in my day. Then I got to the point where I was __8__ really late at night to get my work done.
One day I __9__ a former classmate of mine making a lot of money running a sideline (副业). Since his regular job was boring, I asked him why he just didn't do his sideline full time. He said without the job, he would __10__ have too much time and would just do what I did back in __11__. He said that if he __12__ the job, he would lose his __13__ to work and succeed.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者因为在大学的空闲时间太多而养成了拖延的习惯，相比之下他的同学充分利用空闲时间，挣了很多钱，作者最终明白人们要充分利用时间才可能获得成功。
So, try __14__ your time with other work. This is why there is a saying that if you want something done, ask a __15__ person to do it.
1.A.true B．fair
C．strange D．possible
解析：根据前文“We have all heard how time is more valuable than money”可知，人们认为时间比金钱更重要，此处是指作者提出疑问：是否有可能拥有更多的时间？故选D。
2．A.watched B．loved
C．coached D．played
解析：根据后文“a team sport”可知，作者参加了一个团体运动，play意为“参加”。故选D。
3．A.at last B．right away
C．of course D．at first
解析：at last 最后；right away 立刻；of course 当然；at first 首先。根据前文“I only had a few hours to do my homework”可知，作者只有几个小时的时间做作业，由此可知，作者回家就得立刻做作业。故选B。
4．A.happened B．repeated
C．changed D．mattered
解析：根据后文“I suddenly found myself out of class before noon time.”可知，作者上大学后时间充裕，和之前上高中时相比，情况发生了改变。故选C。
5．A.duty B．achievement
C．urgency D．direction
解析：duty 责任；achievement 成就；urgency 紧急；direction 方向。作者上大学后时间充裕，因此在做作业这件事上没有紧迫感。故选C。
6．A.burden B．relief
C．risk D．habit
解析：burden 负担；relief 安慰；risk 风险；habit 习惯。根据后文“Once that happened, I just kept __7__ my studying further and further back in my day.”可知，作者每天不停把作业往后拖，养成了拖延的习惯。故选D。
7．A.pushing B．taking
C．setting D．calling
解析：根据后文“Then I got to the point where I was __8__ really late at night to get my work done.”可知，作者总是把做作业的事情拖到很晚才做。故选A。
8．A.hanging out B．staying up
C．jogging round D．showing off
解析：hang out 闲逛；stay up 熬夜；jog round 慢跑；show off 炫耀。根据后文“late at night to get my work done”可知，作者熬夜完成作业。故选B。
9．A.met B．helped
C．treated D．hired
解析：根据后文“a former classmate of mine”和他们之间的对话可知，此处指作者遇到了老同学。故选A。
10．A.luckily B．hardly
C．hopefully D．simply
解析：luckily 幸运地；hardly 几乎不；hopefully 有希望地；simply 仅仅。根据前文“He said without the job”可知，如果他没有工作了，仅仅会拥有更多的时间。故选D。
11．A.childhood B．college
C．town D．business
解析：此处指他的同学如果没有工作，仅仅会拥有更多的时间，并像他在大学做过的事。故选B。
12．A.quit B．found
C．accepted D．kept
解析：根据后文“he would ... and succeed”可知，此处表示辞去工作。故选A。
13．A.heart B．chance
C．drive D．way
解析：根据前文“He said without the job, he would __10__ have too much time”可知，老同学认为辞掉现在的工作，他会有很多额外的时间，但也会养成拖延的习惯，没有工作的动力。故选C。
14 ． A.saving B．filling up
C．giving up D．trading
解析：此处作者建议用其他工作填满时间。故选B。
15．A.careful B．busy
C．reliable D．kind
解析：careful 认真的；busy 忙碌的；reliable 可靠的；kind 和善的。根据前文可知，使自己忙碌起来才能有工作的动力。故选B。
Ⅲ 语法填空
There are two factors __1__ (determine) an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born __2__. Human brains differ considerably, some being __3__ (capable) than others. But however good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low intelligence unless he has opportunities __4__ (learn). So the second factor is __5__ happens to the individual—the sort of environment __6__ he is brought up. If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is __7__ (like) that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.
The importance of environment in determining an individual's intelligence can __8__ (show) by the case of the twins, Peter and Mark. When the twins were three months old, __9__ (they) parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was brought up by parents of low intelligence with poor educational opportunities. Mark was educated in __10__ well－educated family. 20 years later, Mark's IQ was 125, twenty－five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his twin brother.
1．________ 2．________ 3．________ 4．________ 5．________
6．________ 7．________ 8．________ 9．________ 10．________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了决定人们智力的两个因素：天赋和环境。
解析：考查非谓语动词。determine与factors之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语。故填determining。
1．答案：determining
解析：考查介词。句意：第一个因素是他与生俱来的大脑。be born with “与生俱来”，为固定搭配。故填with。
2．答案：with
解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据设空后than可知，此处应用形容词的比较级。故填more capable。
3．答案：more capable
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，无论一个人有多么好的大脑，除非他有学习的机会，否则他的智力就会很低。此处应用动词不定式作opportunities的后置定语。故填to learn。
4．答案：to learn
解析：考查表语从句的连接词。此处引导表语从句，设空处在从句中作主语，表示“……的事”，应用what连接。故填what。
5．答案：what
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词environment，在从句中作地点状语，应用where。故填where。
6．答案：where
解析：考查词性转换。句意：如果一个人在环境上有缺陷，他的大脑很可能无法发育，他永远也达不到应有的智力水平。it is likely that ... “有可能……”为固定句型。故填likely。
7．答案：likely
解析：考查动词的语态和情态动词。动词show和主语The importance of environment之间是被动关系，情态动词can后应用动词原形。故填be shown。
8．答案：be shown
解析：考查代词。修饰名词parents应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
9．答案：their
解析：考查冠词。此处family为可数名词单数，应用不定冠词表示泛指；且well－educated的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
10．答案：a
