英语 选择性必修 第三册 WY
Period Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
The D－DAY LANDINGS
诺曼底登陆
By spring 1944, the Second World War had been raging across the globe for about five years.
到1944年春，第二次世界大战已经在全球肆虐了大约五年。
But along the south coast of England, something unusual was happening: Allied troops made up mainly of British, Canadian and American soldiers were gathering in large numbers.
但在英格兰南部海岸，发生了一件不同寻常的事情：主要由英国、加拿大和美国三国士兵组成的盟军正在大量聚集。
词句自测 ①landing n. (军队的)登陆 ②allied adj. (第二次世界大战)同盟国的 ③troop n. 部队；军队
This marked one of the final stages of a top－secret operation that had been months, perhaps years, in the planning.
这标志着一场计划了数月甚至可能数年的绝密行动进入了最后阶段。
Code－named “Operation Overlord”， it was the largest combined sea, air and land operation in history, the aim being to free north－west Europe from German occupation.
这次行动代号为“霸王行动”，是历史上规模最大的海陆空联合行动，目的是解放德国占领的欧洲西北部地区。
After waiting for the perfect combination of weather, moon and tides, the date for the start of Operation Overlord was set for 6 June.
在等待天气、月亮和潮汐的完美组合之后，“霸王行动”的开始日期定在了6月6日。
词句自测 ④code－name v. 起代号为 ⑤tide n. 潮水 ⑥“主(This)谓(marked)宾(one of the final stages ... in the planning)”。that had been months, perhaps years, in the planning是定语从句，修饰先行词operation。
An order issued by Supreme Allied Commander General Eisenhower to the troops read:
盟军最高司令官艾森豪威尔将军向部队下达命令：
“Your task will not be an easy one.
“你们的任务将不会容易。
Your enemy is well trained, well equipped and battle－hardened ... But this is the year 1944 ... The tide has turned!
你们面对的敌人训练有素，装备精良，久经沙场……但现在是1944年……局势已经逆转！
The free men of the world are marching together to Victory!
全世界自由的人们正在一起向胜利进军！
I have full confidence in your courage, devotion to duty and skill in battle.
我对你们的勇气、忠于职守和作战技巧充满信心。
We will accept nothing less than full Victory！”
我们必将取得全胜！”
词句自测 ⑦supreme adj. 最高的 ⑧commander n. 指挥官，长官
With these words ringing in their ears, Allied soldiers prepared for what would become known as D－Day.
盟军士兵为日后的诺曼底登陆日做准备时，这些话一直在他们耳畔回响。
At dawn on 6 June, thousands landed by parachute behind enemy lines in northern France.
6月6日拂晓，数千人在法国北部空降在敌人后方。
Meanwhile, thousands more were journeying across the English Channel to Normandy, protected by fighter planes in the skies above them.
与此同时，数千名士兵在空中战斗机的保护下，穿越英吉利海峡前往诺曼底。
词句自测 ⑨parachute n. 降落伞
Their objective was clear: to reach the Normandy beaches along about 80 kilometres of French coastline.
他们的目标很明确：沿着法国大约80公里的海岸线到达诺曼底海滩。
But even in the depths of war, few could have been prepared for the violence and horror they would experience there.
但是，即使在战争最激烈的时候，也很少有人能对他们将要在那里经历的暴力和恐怖做好准备。
词句自测 objective n. 目的，目标 coastline n. 海岸线 violence n. 暴力 horror n. 惊恐
The fiercest fighting was at Omaha Beach.
最激烈的战斗发生在奥马哈海滩。
The enemy were hiding, ready to attack the Allied soldiers even before they reached land.
敌人躲起来了，甚至在盟军登陆前就准备好了攻击他们。
Boats were hit and men drowned, while those who did make it to the beach faced heavy machine gunfire.
船被击中了，人淹死了，而那些成功登陆的人则面临着重型火力的轰击。
词句自测 drown v. (使)淹死 gunfire n. 炮火 “分句(Boats ... drowned)＋while＋分句(those ... gunfire)”。本句为while连接的并列复合句。后一个分句的结构为“主(those who did make it to the beach)谓(faced)宾(heavy machine gunfire)”，who did make it to the beach是those的定语从句；did强调谓语动词 make。
By mid－morning, hundreds lay dead in the water and amongst the tanks on the beach.
到上午10点左右，数百人死在水里和海滩上的坦克中间。
One soldier recalled how he barely made it with bombs falling all around him：
一名士兵回忆道，他身边到处都是扔过来的炸弹，他是如何勉强幸存下来的：
“I was the first one out.
“我是第一个出来的。
The seventh man was the next one to get across the beach without being hit.
第七个人是穿过海滩而没有被击中的下一个人。
All the ones in between were hit.
中间的都被击中了。
Two were killed; three were injured.
两人死亡；三人受伤。
That's how lucky you had to be.”
你必须相当幸运。”
词句自测 amongst prep. 在……当中(＝among) tank n. 坦克 recall v. 回想，回忆起 barely adv. 勉强才能
But, despite the high cost in human life, the D－Day landings were a success and were seen widely as the beginning of the end of the Second World War.
尽管付出了高昂的生命代价，但是诺曼底登陆还是取得了成功，并被广泛视为第二次世界大战结束的开端。
By the end of August 1944, the Allies had reached the River Seine, Paris was liberated and the Germans had been removed from north－west France.
1944年8月底，盟军抵达塞纳河，巴黎获得解放，德军从法国西北部撤离。
The Allied forces then prepared to enter Germany, where they would meet up with the Soviet military moving in from the east.
盟军随后准备进入德国，在那里他们将与从东部进入的苏联军队会合。
词句自测 liberate v. 解放(城市、国家等) “主(The Allied forces)谓(prepared)宾(to enter Germany)”。where they would ... from the east是非限制性定语从句，解释说明先行词Germany，现在分词短语moving in from the east是the Soviet military的后置定语。
Seventy years later, men who had fought on D－Day gathered on both sides of the English Channel, where people were coming together for memorial ceremonies.
70年后，在诺曼底登陆日作战的士兵聚集在英吉利海峡两岸，在此人们聚集在一起举行纪念仪式。
As part of this solemn and moving occasion, a former soldier read out to the crowd these lines from the poem For the Fallen, by Laurence Binyon：
作为这个庄严而感人的仪式的一部分，一位退伍军人向人群朗诵了劳伦斯·比尼恩的《致阵亡者》中的几行诗：
They shall grow not old, as we that are left grow old：
Age shall not weary them, nor the years condemn.
At the going down of the sun and in the morning
We will remember them.
他们将不再老去，不像留下来的我们会慢慢老去：
他们不会为耄耋所难，不会为残年所累。
无论日落还是日出，
我们会缅怀他们。
词句自测 memorial adj. 纪念的，追悼的 solemn adj. 严肃的，庄重的 weary v. (使)非常疲倦 condemn v. 迫使(某人)处于不幸的境地 “主(men who had fought on D Day)谓(gathered)”。介词短语on both sides of the English Channel是地点状语，who had fought on D Day是定语从句，修饰先行词men; where people ... memorial ceremonies是非限制性定语从句，解释说明both sides of the English Channel。
Survivors of the D－Day landings continue to meet to remember the fellow soldiers and friends they lost that day.
诺曼底登陆的幸存者们继续相聚来纪念那一天他们所失去的士兵和朋友。
Although each year they are fewer in number, their outstanding acts of courage mean that we will always remember them—as well as those who lost their lives on the beaches of northern France.
虽然每年他们的人数在减少，但他们杰出的勇敢行为意味着我们将永远铭记他们——以及那些在法国北部海滩失去生命的士兵们。
词句自测 outstanding adj. 杰出的，优秀的
1 violent adj. 狂暴的，凶暴的(教材P33)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①He was caught in a violent storm yesterday.
他昨天碰上了暴风雨。
②The police are determined to free the town of violent crime.
警方决心消灭该城镇的暴力犯罪。
③The wind blew violently and the climbers had to give up.
风刮得很猛，登山队员们不得不放弃。
易混辨析：stormy/violent/wild/fierce
stormy 指风雨大作，也指人很激动的感情
violent 普通用词，指人时侧重极为不安，异常激动，暗含有暴力行为；也指破坏性的或不可控制的自然力量
wild 普通用词，既可指自然界的荒芜，未被驯化状态，又指人的无法无天，不文明的野蛮行为
fierce 普通用词，指人或兽的凶猛残酷
(1)单句语法填空
①We can't deal with it with ________ (violent)．
②I felt my heart beating ________ (violent)．
③He condemned the protesters' use of violence ________ the police.
答案：①violence ②violently ③against
(2)单句表达
船在海上强烈的风暴中沉没。
The boat sank ________________ at sea.
答案：in a violent storm
2 landing n. (军队的)登陆(教材P34)
归纳拓展
①American forces have begun a big landing.
美军已开始大规模登陆。
②The vehicle can move on land and in water.
这种车可以水陆两用。
③His hot temper has landed him in trouble before.
他的急脾气以前让他遇到过麻烦。
单句语法填空
①The pilot was able ________ (land) the aircraft safely.
②The ________ (land) beaches would be unprotected.
③He takes unconsidered decisions which tend to land him ________ danger.
答案：①to land ②landing ③in
3 commander n. 指挥官，长官(教材P35)
归纳拓展
①The commander had been forewarned of the attack of the enemy.
指挥官预先得到敌人要发动袭击的警告。
②For the first time in years, she felt in command of her life.
多年来第一次，她觉得生活掌握在自己的手里。
③He has a good command of French.
他精通法语。
④He commanded his troops to attack.
他命令部队发起进攻。
⑤The general commanded that all the soldiers (should) go to the frontline.
将军命令所有的士兵奔赴前线。
名师点津 command意为“命令”时，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气“(should＋) do”。 后接宾语从句用虚拟语气的常见动词有：一坚持(insist)，二命令(order, command)，三建议(advise, suggest, recommend), 四要求(demand, require, request, ask)，外加“敦促(urge)，想要(desire)和宁愿(prefer)”。
(1)单句语法填空
①We contended that every college student must have a command ________ a foreign language.
②His father commanded that he ________ (stay) at home to study.
③The police commanded the criminal________ (stop)．
答案：①of ②(should) stay ③to stop
(2)句型转换
①The boss commanded Henry to finish the important work, but he forgot his command.
→The boss commanded that Henry ____________ the important work, but he forgot his command.
②He commanded that we should take quick action to stop it.
→He commanded ____________ quick action to stop it.
答案：①(should) finish ②us to take
4 objective n. 目的，目标(教材P35)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①Obviously, short－term budgeting is incapable of meeting this objective.
很显然，短期预算是无法实现这一目标的。
②We object to being blamed for something that we haven't done.
我们反对以我们没做过的事情作为理由来指责我们。
③As well as shoes and boots the museum also exhibits shoe shaped objects.
除了鞋子、靴子以外，博物馆还会展出一些鞋子状的物品。
④My main objection to the plan is that it costs too much.
我反对该计划的主要理由是它费用太高。
名师点津 object to中的to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词以及从句。
(1)单句语法填空
①However, others strongly object to ________ (own) private cars.
②I have no ________ (object) to the plan, so long as it would not cost too much.
③You should stop blaming yourself and be more ________ (object) about your ability, which I feel is a sure way to promote your confidence.
答案：①owning ②objection ③objective
(2)单句表达
①他强烈反对被人当孩子一样对待。
He strongly ________________________ like a child.
②我提出反对意见，他太年轻不适合这个职位。
I __________________ he was too young for the position.
答案：①objects to being treated ②objected that
5 horror n. 惊恐(教材P35)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①The horror of war was beyond description.
战争的恐惧难以言表。
②She recoiled in horror at the sight of an enormous spider.
看到一只巨大的蜘蛛，她吓得直往后退。
③The weather forecast said horrible weather was coming.
天气预报说糟糕的天气即将到来。
④It seemed like a good idea at the time, and then it all went horribly wrong.
那在当时似乎是个好主意，但后来却铸成大错。
(1)单句语法填空
①She turned away ________ horror at the sight of so much blood.
②Wash her and burn her ________ (horror) clothes.
答案：①in ②horrible
(2)单句表达
令我恐惧的是，一个孩子从房顶上掉了下来。
________________， a child fell from the roof.
答案：To my horror
6 drown v. (使)淹死(教材P35)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①If you can keep your head above water, you won't drown.
如果能让头露出水面，你就不会淹死。
②He called up his memories and drowned himself in them.
他回想起过去的事情而沉浸其中。
③His voice was drowned in the noise of the train.
他的声音被火车的声响淹没了。
④Police plucked a drowning girl from the river yesterday.
昨天警方从河里救起了一名溺水少女。
(1)单句语法填空
①He was really brave enough to save the ________ (drown) boy from the rough sea.
②Be careful when crossing the bridge or you will fall into the water and get ________ (drown).
答案：①drowning ②drowned
(2)单句表达
昨天水果在奶油里泡过了。
The fruit ________________ cream yesterday.
答案：was drowned in
7 condemn v. 迫使(某人)处于不幸的境地(教材P36)
归纳拓展
①If we do that, we are condemning life on Earth and should expect severe consequences.
如果我们那样做，我们将毁灭地球上的生命，而且应该预料到会有严重的后果。
②Peter was condemned to six months in prison for drunk driving.
彼得因酒驾被拘役六个月。
③He was condemned to death for murder and later hanged.
他因凶杀罪被判处死刑后被绞死。
(1)单句语法填空
①I didn't condemn him ________ what he had done.
②His job condemned him ________ (spend) long periods of time away from his family.
答案：①for ②to spend
(2)单句表达
网络让我们更容易能够去谴责别人的错误。
The Internet makes it very easy for us to ____________________________．
答案：condemn others for their mistakes
have confidence in 对……有信心(教材P35)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①I have confidence in the ability of the players.
我对于球员们的能力充满信心。
②Freddy was very confident about his singing.
弗雷迪对他的歌唱很有把握。
③They are confident of saying that the situation is improving.
他们确信地说情况正在好转。
④She played the piano confidently but her timing was not good.
她钢琴弹得很自信，但节奏掌握得不好。
(1)单句语法填空
①I can ________ (confident) promise that this year is going to be very different.
②While girls lack ________ (confident), boys often overestimate their abilities.
③We are confident ________ our expectation of a full recovery.
答案：①confidently ②confidence ③in
(2)一句多译
他确信自己能通过驾驶测试。
He ________________________________________________________________________ the driving test.
＝He ________________________________________________________________________ the driving test.
＝He ________________________________________________________________________ the driving test.
答案：is confident that he will pass; is confident of/about passing; is confident/has confidence in passing
1 By spring 1944, the Second World War had been raging across the globe for about five years.(教材P34) 1944年春天，第二次世界大战的战火已经席卷全球大约五年之久。
剖析 “by＋表示时间的名词(短语)”结构，在句中作时间状语，句子谓语用过去完成时或过去完成进行时。
归纳拓展
①He has read about 40 pages of the book by now.
现在这本书他已读了大约40页。
②By the 1920s, he had become an explorer, searching for the tombs of the Egyptian kings.
到了20世纪20年代，他已经成为一名探险家，致力于寻找古埃及国王的陵墓。
③The railway will have been completed by the end of next year.
这条铁路将于明年年底前竣工。
单句语法填空
①By the time the doctor arrived at the spot, the patient ________ (die).
②By now, five villagers ________ (attack) by the hairy creature.
③By the end of next month, Mary ________ (finish) her study in China.
答案：①had died ②have been attacked ③will have finished
2 With these words ringing in their ears, Allied soldiers prepared for what would become known as D－Day.(教材P35) 盟军士兵耳中回荡着这些话语，做好了登陆诺曼底的准备。
剖析 With these words ringing ... 为with的复合结构，在句中作状语，其构成为“with＋名词＋现在分词”。
归纳拓展
①He likes sleeping with the door open.
他喜欢开着门睡觉。
②She said goodbye with tears in her eyes.
她含着泪说了声再见。
③With Tom helping us, we finished the task soon.
有汤姆帮助我们，很快我们就完成了那项任务。
④He came to himself, with himself surrounded by a group of boys.
他醒来时，发现自己被一群男孩子包围着。
⑤So in the afternoon, with nothing to do, I went on a round of the bookshops.
下午无事可做，所以我去书店转了转。
(1)单句语法填空
①With all the things she needed ________ (buy), she went home happily.
②With a lot of work ________ (do), he wasn't allowed to go out.
答案：①bought ②to do
(2)单句表达
路灯亮了，我们无须摸索着走路。
________________________， we didn't have to feel our way.
答案：With the road lights on
3 The enemy were hiding, ready to attack the Allied soldiers even before they reached land.(教材P35) 敌人藏身于各个地方，准备在盟军登陆前就开始进攻。
剖析 形容词(短语)作状语，用来说明主语的状态。
归纳拓展
①The Eagles went home, angry and bitter, because they did not win the tournament.
鹰队在锦标赛上铩羽而归，既恼火又愤愤不平。
②Eager to see the sunrise, they got up at four.
＝Because they were eager to see the sunrise, they got up at four.
急于去看日出，他们4点就起床了。
单句语法填空
①Several hours later, with the aid of the police, the tourists manage to escape from the dangerous place, hungry and ________ (frighten)．
②When it was his turn to deliver his speech, he walked towards the microphone, nervous and ________ (embarrass)．
③The man went to bed, ________ (drink), and when he woke up, he found his shoes still on.
答案：①frightened ②embarrassed ③drunk
4 Boats were hit and men drowned, while those who did make it to the beach faced heavy machine gunfire.(教材P35) 船被击翻，一些人落水而亡，而那些成功登陆的人面对的则是机关枪的猛烈扫射。
剖析 make it 意为“(疾病)好转；及时到达；获得成功”，it没有实在意义。
归纳拓展
①Everyone of us believe that if you try, you will make it at last.
我们中每一个人都相信如果你尝试的话，你最终会成功的。
②Take it easy. We've got plenty of time.
别急。我们还有很多时间。
③Shall we eat out or stay in It's up to you.
咱们是到外面吃饭还是待在家里？你决定吧。
④I've got it! We'll call it “Word Magic”．
我想到了！我们就叫它“文字魔术”吧。
⑤Oh, forget it! Don't say any more about it. It's time for a break.
算了，别说了，该休息了。
(1)单句语法填空
①You needn't worry and he will make ________．
②Don't upset yourself about it—let's just forget ________ ever happened.
答案：①it ②it
(2)单句表达
“我不敢确保明天能成功。”他紧张不安地说。
“I'm not sure that ____________________ tomorrow，” he said edgily.
答案：I can make it
Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子
1．Mathematics possesses not only truth, but ________ (最高的) beauty.
答案：supreme
2．They were ________ (迫使处于不幸的境地) to a life of hardship.
答案：condemned
3．It was President Xi Jinping who visited the navy ________ (军队) and advocated that naval force be strengthened.
答案：troops
4．It was not until 1965 that the town was ________ (解放)．
答案：liberated
5．These measures are aimed at preventing ________ (凶暴的) crime.
答案：violent
6．The Olympic Games stand for friendship as well as o________ performance.
答案：outstanding
7．The troops for the l________ were taken from Alexander's force and that put a brake on his operations.
答案：landing
8．The cruelty of the Germans towards the Jews and that of the Japanese towards Chinese, filled everyone with h________．
答案：horror
9．The old photos I came across while cleaning up the drawer helped me r________ the days that I would have forgotten otherwise.
答案：recall
10．On the way to the cemetery, the band played slow, s________ music suited to the occasion.
答案：solemn
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.The ________ (memory) service will be held at a local church.
答案：memorial
2．My father saved a ________ (drown) man in the river.
答案：drowning
3．Every day quantities of water ________ (be) wasted.
答案：are
4．The old man commanded the boy________ (open) the bag in which he carried his dinner.
答案：to open
5．Emphasis is laid on the necessity that all the ________ (object) to be attained be taken into account before starting a new project.
答案：objectives
6．With the day of the festival approaching, the children can ________ (bare) contain their excitement.
答案：barely
7．Anxious and ________ (worry), they both fix their eyes on the door, but no one has turned up yet.
答案：worried
8．The young woman, with a baby ________ (sleep) in her arms, was wandering in the street.
答案：sleeping
9．It ________ (leave) the stop by the time I arrived there.
答案：had left
10．If you can't make ________ Friday, we can invite somebody else.
答案：it
Ⅲ.选词填空
be made up of, free from, in large numbers, nothing less than, have confidence in
1．The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that one can be entirely ____________ dust.
答案：free from
2．Our committee ____________ representatives of teachers and students.
答案：is made up of
3．Backward somewhat technologically as we are for the moment, we ____________ our ability to catch up in time.
答案：have confidence in
4．His oversight of the danger that resulted in two deaths and five wounded in the expedition was ____________ criminal.
答案：nothing less than
5．These communities are now turning to recycling ____________．
答案：in large numbers
Ⅳ.单句表达
1．这个学生不自信，因为她英语不好。
The student didn't feel confident because she didn't ____________________________ English.
答案：have a good command of
2．她被判终身监禁。
She ________________ life imprisonment.
答案：was condemned to
3．等你学到这一页时，你将已经学了这本书的142课。
By the time you reach this page, you ________________ 142 lessons of this book.
答案：will have studied
4．做完作业，他们高高兴兴地回家了。(with的复合结构)
________________________， they went home happily.
答案：With their homework finished
5．我认为我们不一定会成功，但不管怎样还是试一试吧。(make it)
____________________________， but let's try anyway.
答案：I don't think we'll make it
课后课时作业(一)
Ⅰ 阅读
A
Are you looking for the best war books Take a look at a few titles you need to add to your list!
The Art of War, by Sun Tzu
The Art of War was published thousands of years ago, which dates back to the earliest days of the Chinese Empire. It is a comprehensive military masterpiece that discusses the basics of war, covering everything from basic battle preparation to military supply and how to win a battle before it is even fought. Therefore, it remains one of the most important war books even in the modern era.
War and Peace, by Leo Tolstoy
War and Peace is widely known as one of the greatest war novels, focusing on the age of Napoleon. At the time, Napoleon had already conquered the vast majority of Western Europe and rounded up his allies to invade Russia. This novel illustrates how Russia was able to turn back the tide of the French invasion and preserved its land during the Battle of Borodino.
For Whom the Bell Tolls, by Ernest Hemingway
Before Ernest Hemingway became a famous author, he served as an ambulance driver in the Great War. Based on the experience, he wrote For Whom the Bell Tolls, which is about Robert Jordan, a volunteer with a republican guerilla (游击队) unit during the Spanish Civil War. This book provides an inside look at what it was like to serve in a major conflict and its impact on individuals.
The Iliad, by Homer
If you want to read a classic, consider checking out The Iliad, the best epic tales of all time. While there have been many legends about the Fall of Troy, it is the only one that probes into the horrors of war, painting a vivid picture of the adrenaline, stress, and action of combat.
篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章推荐了四本关于战争的书籍。
1．What do we know about The Art of War
A．It sets the story in the Spanish Civil War.
B．It talks about the fundamentals of war.
C．It has been recognized as an epic tale.
D．It is read only by army commanders.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据The Art of War, by Sun Tzu部分中的“It is a comprehensive military ... it is even fought.(这是一部全面的军事巨著，讨论了战争的基础，涵盖了从基本的战斗准备到军事补给以及如何在战斗开始之前赢得胜利的所有内容。)”可知，《孙子兵法》讲的是战争的基本原理。故选B。
2．Which book well depicts the battle where Russia turned potential failure into victory
A．The Art of War.
B．For Whom the Bell Tolls.
C．War and Peace.
D．The Iliad.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据War and Peace, by Leo Tolstoy部分中的“This novel illustrates how Russia ... the Battle of Borodino.(这部小说讲述了俄国如何在博罗季诺战役中逆转法国入侵的趋势，并保住了自己的国土。)”可知，《战争与和平》这本书很好地描述了俄国逆转潜在的失败，取得战役的胜利。故选C。
3．Who might be most interested in the four recommended books
A．War book lovers. B．Novel readers.
C．Critical thinkers. D．Average people.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“Are you looking for the best war books Take a look at a few titles you need to add to your list！”可推知，想阅读有关战争书籍的人会喜欢这四本书。故选A。
B
World War Ⅱ began when the UK and France declared war on Germany, after German troops led by Adolf Hitler had invaded Poland on 1 September 1939 to claim land there as their own. Hitler had already invaded Austria and Czechoslovakia, so the war began over his plan to take more land for Germany.
The Siege of Leningrad is a famous event during World War Ⅱ. For 900 days—from 8 September 1941 to 27 January 1944—the city of Leningrad in Russia was surrounded by German troops. That meant everyone inside the city had to stay there, and that there wasn't any way for food or other sources like medicine to get in. Many hundreds of thousands of people died during this time because there wasn't enough food or heating to go around, but the people who lived in Leningrad refused to surrender to the Germans.
In 1940, the French port of Dunkirk was the location of a big turning point for the Allies in World War Ⅱ. Hitler's armies bombed Dunkirk heavily, and many Allied troops were waiting on the beach to be rescued because they didn't have the resources they needed to fight back. From 26 May to 4 June, over 550，000 troops were ferried to safety across the English Channel—the code name for this was “Operation Dynamo”. Some British civilians (people who weren't in the army) even used their own boats to help save as many people as they could. The rescue operation helped to boost morale (士气) in Britain, where they really needed some good news. This helped in going into the next major event in World War Ⅱ， the Battle of Britain.
June 6, 1944 is also known as D Day. On that day, the Allied forces launched a huge invasion of land that Adolf Hitler's Nazi troops had taken over. It all began with boats and boats full of Allied troops landing on beaches in the French region of Normandy. They broke through the German defences and carried on fighting them back through Europe for the next 11 months until they reached Berlin, where Hitler was then hiding.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了二战期间几次著名的战役，包括列宁格勒保卫战、敦刻尔克大撤退、诺曼底登陆等。
4.What led to the outbreak of World War Ⅱ？
A．UK and France's declaring war on Germany.
B．German troops' invading Poland in 1939.
C．Hitler's starting an attack on Austria.
D．Hitler's plan for occupying more land.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“World War Ⅱ began when the UK and ... as their own.”可知，德国入侵且占领波兰标志着二战的爆发。故选B。
5．What can be known from the Siege of Leningrad according to the passage
A．This event lasted about two and a half years.
B．German troops cut all the supplies to Leningrad.
C．Many people were killed by German soldiers.
D．Leningrad was finally occupied by Germans.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“For 900 days—from 8 September 1941 ... by German troops.”可知，列宁格勒保卫战时间持续了900天，约两年半。故选A。
6．Which event was the closest to the end of WWⅡ？
A．The Siege of Leningrad.
B．Operation Dynamo.
C．The Battle of Britain.
D．The D Day Landings.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，在撤退日后，盟军在诺曼底登陆进行了对德国的反攻。攻陷了柏林。二战基本结束。根据各战事发生的时间可知，诺曼底登陆离二战结束时间最近。故选D。
7．What can be a suitable title for the passage
A．Causes of WWⅡ
B．Hitler's Invasion
C．Great Wars in WWⅡ
D．War and Peace
答案：C
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，第一段介绍二战爆发及其原因，接下来三段重点介绍了二战中著名的几大战役。故选C。
Ⅱ 七选五
The concept of peace is a very important one in cultures all over the world. Think about how we greet people. __1__ In some cultures we greet people by shaking hands or with another gesture to show that we are not carrying weapons—that we come in peace. And there are certain symbols that people in very different cultures recognize as representing peace. Let's look at the origins of a few of them.
The dove
The dove has been a symbol of peace and innocence for thousands of years in many different cultures. In ancient Greek mythology, it was a symbol of love and the renewal of life. In ancient Japan, a dove carrying a sword symbolized the end of war. __2__
The rainbow
The rainbow is another ancient and universal symbol, often representing the connection between human beings and their gods. In Scandinavian mythology the rainbow was a bridge between the gods and the earth. In Chinese tradition, the rainbow is a common symbol for marriage because the colors represent the union of yin and yang. __3__
The olive branch
__4__ In Greek mythology, the goddess Athene gave the olive tree to the people of Athens, who showed their gratitude by naming the city after her. __5__ Whatever the history, the olive branch is a part of many modern flags symbolizing peace and unity.
A．But it was Pablo Picasso who made it a modern symbol of peace.
B．The olive tree has always been a valuable source of food and oil.
C．In some languages, the phrases for greetings contain the word for peace.
D．Nowadays the rainbow is used by many popular movements for peace and the environment.
E．People always greet one another in peaceful ways.
F．Now we use the rainbow to represent the possibility of a better world.
G．But no one knows for sure when or why it began to symbolize peace.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了鸽子、彩虹和橄榄枝三种事物作为和平象征的历史和原因。
1．答案：C
解析：上文“Think about how we greet people.(想想我们是如何问候别人的。)”中的“how”提示下文将在问候方式方面展开叙述。下文中的“we greet people by shaking hands or with another gesture(我们通过握手或其他手势来问候别人)”是关于手势或动作的问候方式；“And there are certain symbols(有一些特定的符号)”是关于特定符号的问候方式，C项是关于语言的问候方式，与上下文衔接紧密。故选C。
2．答案：A
解析：上文提到了鸽子在古代是如何代表和平的，A项中的“modern(现代的)”与上文中的“ancient”相呼应，完整讲述了鸽子在古代和现代历史上是如何被用来代表和平的。故选A。
3．答案：D
解析：D项中的“Nowadays”与第三段中的“In Scandinavian mythology”和“In Chinese tradition”相呼应，讲述现代人是如何利用彩虹这个标志的。故选D。
4．答案：B
解析：B项与小标题“The olive branch”相符，且下文“the goddess Athene gave the olive tree to the people of Athens”中的“the olive tree”也是暗示，话题内容与橄榄树相关。故选B。
5．答案：G
解析：根据设空后的“Whatever the history(无论历史是什么)”可知，对橄榄枝用作和平象征的历史并没有做出明确的说明，G项(但没有人确切知道它是何时或为何开始象征和平的。)符合语境。故选G。
课后课时作业(二)
Ⅰ 阅读
Four Great Destinations For Free
The Getty (Los Angeles, America)
This place is so huge that you must take a tram (有轨电车) just from the parking garage to the top, but that's part of the fun. The collection features Greek and Roman antiquities. But they also have Van Gogh's Irises and some lovely Monets. If you have a choice, go on a clear day because you can see the ocean and Catalina Island from the rooftop gardens, which are an attraction in themselves.
Golden Gate Bridge (San Francisco, America)
Did you know you can walk or bike across this 1.7 mile bridge across San Francisco Bay If you walk the entire length, you end up in the charming town of Sausalito. A new overlook called Strauss Plaza provides a visitor center and great overlooks.
Fusterlandia (Havana, Cuba)
Artist Jose Fuster left Cuba decades ago to travel in Europe and came back inspired to decorate his run down property in Havana with broken tiles (瓷砖)．
Eventually he covered a good portion of the neighborhood with his whimsical (异想天开的) tile art, including bus stops, benches, front gates, doctors' offices and more. His own property is covered with sculptures of fantastic creatures. Expect to see tons of tourists every day and maybe even the artist himself, who still lives and works there.
Statue of Liberty (New York, America)
Yes, you can pay to take a harbor tour and see the Statue of Liberty up close, but why not just hop on the Staten Island ferry It will take you past the famous statue in the harbor and give you a 25 minute harbor tour between Manhattan and Staten Island. The ferry runs all day and night, seven days a week.
篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个可以免费参观的绝妙景点。
1．Which place is most likely to be built on a mountain
A．The Getty. B．Fusterlandia.
C．Statue of Liberty. D．Golden Gate Bridge.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据The Getty (Los Angeles, America)部分中的“This place is so huge that ... the parking garage to the top”可知，The Getty (盖帝博物馆)非常大，你必须从停车场搭乘有轨电车到达最高点，由此可推知，The Getty很可能是建在山上。故选A。
2．When walking in the street of ________， you probably come across the artist himself who created this magic place.
A．Golden Gate Bridge B．Statue of Liberty
C．Fusterlandia D．The Getty
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据Fusterlandia (Havana, Cuba)部分中的“Expect to see ... and works there.”可知，在Fusterlandia (弗斯特之家)，预计你每天可以看到大量游客，甚至可能看到艺术家本人。故选C。
3．What are tourists required to do if they want to take a closer look at the Statue of Liberty
A．Take a tram.
B．Pay an extra fee.
C．Walk or bike across the bridge.
D．Make reservations in advance.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。 根据Statue of Liberty (New York, America)部分中的“Yes, you can pay to take a harbor tour and see the Statue of Liberty up close”可知，游客可以付钱进行海港游览，从而近距离观看自由女神像。故选B。
Ⅱ 完形填空
Nevins had his legs seriously injured in a war. He had 36 operations, had both legs amputated (截掉), and spent several years going to Walter Reed Army Medical Center.
The year left him __1__ and restless. He was often woken up by bad dreams. He knew he needed __2__. To find a way out, he called a friend, Anna Dennis. She told him, “You need yoga (瑜伽) in your life.” At first, Nevins laughed at the __3__. “That's the stupidest thing I've heard，” Nevins said. But he decided to have a try.
A yoga instructor, Dennis offered to give him three __4__. At his first lesson, he found himself feeling sad because of his artificial legs. It was painful to balance, and he was angry __5__ she kept telling him to press his feet into the ground.
Finally he told her, “__6__ saying that word! I don't have any feet！” And then, he __7__ his artificial legs and threw them aside, a big move because he was __8__ to be seen without them—only his doctors had seen him like that.
“I raised my arms, and it felt as though life was shooting out of my hands. I became a __9__ person，” he said.
When the day was over, he couldn't wait for his next lesson. Following what began as a __10__ exercise, yoga finally became Nevins's saving grace (长项)．
Nevins __11__ others to find yoga. “All of us are living with wounds，” he said. “Yoga helps you to __12__ the things that don't serve you any more.”
Now he travels the world as a yoga __13__， hoping to bring peace and purpose to those who have suffered from the wounds of war. He teaches about twelve classes a month.
“I have a great life. On most days, I __14__ that I'm an amputee. That's because of yoga. Life goes on. I'm __15__ for every breath，” said Nevins.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。Nevins(内文斯)在战争中失去了双腿，心理也受到了创伤。后来他通过练习瑜伽重拾了信心，并且成了一名瑜伽教练，帮助那些和他一样有相同遭遇的人。
1．A.worried B．proud
C．careless D．moved
答案：A
解析：此处指Nevins的不幸遭遇让他感到焦虑和不安，时常被噩梦惊醒。故选A。
2．A.praise B．work
C．help D．sleep
答案：C
解析：根据下文“To find a way out, he called a friend”可知，Nevins需要他人的帮助。故选C。
3．A.advice B．decision
C．warning D．result
答案：A
解析：advice 建议；decision 决定；warning 警告；result 结果。根据上文“You need yoga (瑜伽) in your life.”可知，朋友Anna Dennis (安娜·丹尼斯)给了他建议。故选A。
4．A.suggestions B．choices
C．lessons D．chances
答案：C
解析：根据下文“At his first lesson”和“his next lesson”可知，Dennis作为一名瑜伽教练，给Nevins上了三节瑜伽课。故选C。
5．A.so B．if
C．though D．because
答案：D
解析：句意：平衡很痛苦，他很生气，因为她一直叫他把脚压在地上。此处是因果关系，应用because。故选D。
6．A.Mind B．Stop
C．Regret D．Consider
答案：B
解析：根据上文“he was angry”以及下文“I don't have any feet！”可知，教练Dennis让Nevins压脚，说到了他的痛处，因此他让教练停止说脚这个词。故选B。
7．A.put on B．showed off
C．picked up D．took off
答案：D
解析：put on 穿戴；增加体重；show off 展示；炫耀；pick up 捡起；学习；take off 脱下；起飞。根据上文“I don't have any feet！”以及下文“threw them aside”可知，Nevins脱掉了自己的假肢，扔到一边。故选D。
8．A.afraid B．ready
C．happy D．bored
答案：A
解析：根据下文“only his doctors had seen him like that”可知，对Nevins来说，他一直害怕别人看到自己不戴假肢时的样子。故选A。
9．A.popular B．real
C．serious D．new
答案：D
解析：此处指瑜伽让Nevins重拾生活的信心，仿佛重获新生。故选D。
10．A.simple B．different
C．similar D．difficult
答案：D
解析：根据上文“At his first lesson, he found himself ... balance”可知，最初练习瑜伽对Nevins来说是很困难的。故选D。
11．A.required B．encouraged
C．forced D．allowed
答案：B
解析：require 需要；encourage 鼓励；force 强制；allow 允许。根据下文“Yoga helps you to __12__ the things that don't serve you any more.”可知，Nevins感受到了瑜伽带来的好处，因此鼓励其他人练习瑜伽。故选B。
12．A.look forward to B．let go of
C．hold onto D．search for
答案：B
解析：look forward to 期待；期望；let go of 释放；松手，放开；hold onto 坚持；紧握；search for 寻找。此处指瑜伽帮助你放下那些对你没有任何帮助的事情。故选B。
13．A.instructor B．actor
C．pioneer D．doctor
答案：A
解析：根据下文“He teaches about twelve classes a month.”可知，Nevins现在是一名瑜伽教练。故选A。
14．A.imagine B．believe
C．realize D．forget
答案：D
解析：根据上文“Yoga helps you to __12__ the things that don't serve you any more.”可知，瑜伽使他忘却了伤痛，忘记自己是一名被截肢者。故选D。
15．A.suitable B．famous
C．thankful D．concerned
答案：C
解析：根据上文“I have a great life.”和“Life goes on.”可知，Nevins感激自己还能活着。be thankful for “对……感激；感谢”。故选C。
Ⅲ 语法填空
Niangao, a sweet rice cake, is a popular dessert eaten during the Spring Festival. It was originally used as an offering before it gradually became a Spring Festival food. The __1__ (pronounce) of niangao sounds like “year high” in Chinese, symbolizing a much higher income, a much higher position, the growth of children, __2__ the promise of a much better year. It is considered good luck to eat it during the Spring Festival period. Niangao has a legend about its origin. In the Spring and Autumn Period of ancient China, the whole country __3__ (divide) into different small kingdoms and people suffered a lot in wars. At that time, strong walls were built __4__ (protect) the Wu Kingdom from repeated __5__ (attack). Many people stopped worrying about wars, except for Wu Zixu. __6__ was Wu Zixu who told his entourages (随从) that wars should not be viewed __7__ (light). “In case things go badly, remember to dig a hole under the wall.” After Wu Zixu passed away, a war broke out and many people died from lack __8__ food. Some people did what Wu Zixu had told them before and found that the wall under the earth was built with special bricks __9__ (make) from glutinous (黏的) rice flour. As a result, the bricks saved many people from hunger. After that, people made niangao every year in memory of Wu Zixu. As time passed, niangao became __10__ we eat today.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“年糕”的寓意，以及它是如何成为我们的一种日常食物的历史故事。
1.答案：pronunciation
解析：考查词性转换。根据设空前定冠词The及设空后介词of可知，此处应用名词。故填pronunciation。
2．答案：and
解析：考查连词。句意：在汉语里，年糕的发音听起来像“年年高升”，象征着更高的收入，更高的职位，孩子的成长及对更好的一年的希望。设空前后为并列关系，应用and连接。故填and。
3．答案：was divided
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。主语the whole country与divide之间为被动关系；且根据时间状语“In the Spring and Autumn Period of ancient China”可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态；主语为单数。故填was divided。
4．答案：to protect
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：当时，吴国筑起了坚固的城墙，以保护自己免受反复的攻击。此处应用不定式作目的状语。故填to protect。
5．答案：attacks
解析：考查名词。attack意为“攻击”，为可数名词；设空前有形容词repeated“反复的”修饰，应用名词复数作介词from的宾语。故填attacks。
6．答案：It
解析：考查强调句型。此处为强调句句型It be＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他；位于句首，单词首字母应大写。故填It。
7．答案：lightly
解析：考查词性转换。句意：伍子胥告诉他的随从，不应该轻视战争。修饰动词viewed，应用副词作状语。故填lightly。
8．答案：of
解析：考查介词。句意：伍子胥去世后，一场战争爆发了，许多人死于缺乏食物。固定短语lack of sth意为“缺少……”。故填of。
9．答案：made
解析：考查非谓语动词。bricks和make为被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填made。
10．答案：what
解析：考查宾语从句的连接词。设空处引导宾语从句；从句中缺少eat的宾语，意为“……的东西”，应用连接代词what。故填what。
28(共132张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
Unit 3 War and peace
Period Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
课前预习自检
重点合作探究
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
课堂效果检测
3
课后课时作业（一）
４
课后课时作业（二）
5
课前预习自检
The D－DAY LANDINGS
诺曼底登陆
By spring 1944, the Second World War had been raging across the globe for about five years.
到1944年春，第二次世界大战已经在全球肆虐了大约五年。
But along the south coast of England, something unusual was happening: Allied troops made up mainly of British, Canadian and American soldiers were gathering in large numbers.
但在英格兰南部海岸，发生了一件不同寻常的事情：主要由英国、加拿大和美国三国士兵组成的盟军正在大量聚集。
词句自测
①_______ n. (军队的)登陆
②______ adj. (第二次世界大战)同盟国的
③______ n. 部队；军队
landing
allied
troop
This marked one of the final stages of a top－secret operation that had been months, perhaps years, in the planning.
这标志着一场计划了数月甚至可能数年的绝密行动进入了最后阶段。
Code－named “Operation Overlord”， it was the largest combined sea, air and land operation in history, the aim being to free north－west Europe from German occupation.
这次行动代号为“霸王行动”，是历史上规模最大的海陆空联合行动，目的是解放德国占领的欧洲西北部地区。
After waiting for the perfect combination of weather, moon and tides, the date for the start of Operation Overlord was set for 6 June.
在等待天气、月亮和潮汐的完美组合之后，“霸王行动”的开始日期定在了6月6日。
词句自测
④___________ v. 起代号为
⑤_____ n. 潮水
⑥ “主(This)谓(marked)宾(one of the final stages ... in the planning)”。that had been months, perhaps years, in the planning是______从句，修饰先行词_________。
code－name
tide
定语
operation
An order issued by Supreme Allied Commander General Eisenhower to the troops read:
盟军最高司令官艾森豪威尔将军向部队下达命令：
“ Your task will not be an easy one.
“你们的任务将不会容易。
Your enemy is well trained, well equipped and battle－hardened ... But this is the year 1944 ... The tide has turned!
你们面对的敌人训练有素，装备精良，久经沙场……但现在是1944年……局势已经逆转！
The free men of the world are marching together to Victory!
全世界自由的人们正在一起向胜利进军！
I have full confidence in your courage, devotion to duty and skill in battle.
我对你们的勇气、忠于职守和作战技巧充满信心。
We will accept nothing less than full Victory！”
我们必将取得全胜！”
词句自测
⑦________ adj. 最高的
⑧___________ n. 指挥官，长官
supreme
commander
With these words ringing in their ears, Allied soldiers prepared for what would become known as D－Day.
盟军士兵为日后的诺曼底登陆日做准备时，这些话一直在他们耳畔回响。
At dawn on 6 June, thousands landed by parachute behind enemy lines in northern France.
6月6日拂晓，数千人在法国北部空降在敌人后方。
Meanwhile, thousands more were journeying across the English Channel to Normandy, protected by fighter planes in the skies above them.
与此同时，数千名士兵在空中战斗机的保护下，穿越英吉利海峡前往诺曼底。
词句自测
⑨__________ n. 降落伞
parachute
Their objective was clear: to reach the Normandy beaches along about 80 kilometres of French coastline.
他们的目标很明确：沿着法国大约80公里的海岸线到达诺曼底海滩。
But even in the depths of war, few could have been prepared for the violence and horror they would experience there.
但是，即使在战争最激烈的时候，也很少有人能对他们将要在那里经历的暴力和恐怖做好准备。
词句自测
⑩________ n. 目的，目标
________ n. 海岸线
_______ n. 暴力
______ n. 惊恐
objective
coastline
violence
horror
The fiercest fighting was at Omaha Beach.
最激烈的战斗发生在奥马哈海滩。
The enemy were hiding, ready to attack the Allied soldiers even before they reached land.
敌人躲起来了，甚至在盟军登陆前就准备好了攻击他们。
Boats were hit and men drowned, while those who did make it to the beach faced heavy machine gunfire.
船被击中了，人淹死了，而那些成功登陆的人则面临着重型火力的轰击。
词句自测
_______ v. (使)淹死
_______ n. 炮火
“分句(Boats ... drowned)＋while＋分句(those ... gunfire)”。本句为while连接的并列复合句。后一个分句的结构为“主(those who did make it to the beach)谓(faced)宾(heavy machine gunfire)”，who did make it to the beach是those的______从句；did强调__________ make。
drown
gunfire
定语
谓语动词
By mid－morning, hundreds lay dead in the water and amongst the tanks on the beach.
到上午10点左右，数百人死在水里和海滩上的坦克中间。
One soldier recalled how he barely made it with bombs falling all around him：
一名士兵回忆道，他身边到处都是扔过来的炸弹，他是如何勉强幸存下来的：
“ I was the first one out.
“我是第一个出来的。
The seventh man was the next one to get across the beach without being hit.
第七个人是穿过海滩而没有被击中的下一个人。
All the ones in between were hit.
中间的都被击中了。
Two were killed; three were injured.
两人死亡；三人受伤。
That's how lucky you had to be.”
你必须相当幸运。”
词句自测
_______＿ prep. 在……当中(＝among)
_____ n. 坦克
______ v. 回想，回忆起
_______ adv. 勉强才能
amongst
tank
recall
barely
But, despite the high cost in human life, the D－Day landings were a success and were seen widely as the beginning of the end of the Second World War.
尽管付出了高昂的生命代价，但是诺曼底登陆还是取得了成功，并被广泛视为第二次世界大战结束的开端。
By the end of August 1944, the Allies had reached the River Seine, Paris was liberated and the Germans had been removed from north－west France.
1944年8月底，盟军抵达塞纳河，巴黎获得解放，德军从法国西北部撤离。
The Allied forces then prepared to enter Germany, where they would meet up with the Soviet military moving in from the east.
盟军随后准备进入德国，在那里他们将与从东部进入的苏联军队会合。
词句自测
21 _______ v. 解放(城市、国家等)
22 “主(The Allied forces)谓(prepared)宾(to enter Germany)”。where they would ... from the east是____________从句，解释说明先行词Germany，现在分词短语moving in from the east是the Soviet military的_________ 。
liberate
非限制性定语
后置定语
Seventy years later, men who had fought on D－Day gathered on both sides of the English Channel, where people were coming together for memorial ceremonies.
70年后，在诺曼底登陆日作战的士兵聚集在英吉利海峡两岸，在此人们聚集在一起举行纪念仪式。
As part of this solemn and moving occasion, a former soldier read out to the crowd these lines from the poem For the Fallen, by Laurence Binyon：
作为这个庄严而感人的仪式的一部分，一位退伍军人向人群朗诵了劳伦斯·比尼恩的《致阵亡者》中的几行诗：
They shall grow not old, as we that are left grow old：
Age shall not weary them, nor the years condemn.
At the going down of the sun and in the morning
We will remember them.
他们将不再老去，不像留下来的我们会慢慢老去：
他们不会为耄耋所难，不会为残年所累。
无论日落还是日出，
我们会缅怀他们。
词句自测
23 ________adj. 纪念的，追悼的
24 ______ adj. 严肃的，庄重的
25 _____ v. (使)非常疲倦
26 _______ v. 迫使(某人)处于不幸的境地
27“主(men who had fought on D Day)谓(gathered)”。介词短语on both sides of the English Channel是地点状语，who had fought on D Day是_____从句，修饰先行词men; where people ... memorial ceremonies是____________从句，解释说明both sides of the English Channel。
memorial
solemn
weary
condemn
定语
非限制性定语
Survivors of the D－Day landings continue to meet to remember the fellow soldiers and friends they lost that day.
诺曼底登陆的幸存者们继续相聚来纪念那一天他们所失去的士兵和朋友。
Although each year they are fewer in number, their outstanding acts of courage mean that we will always remember them—as well as those who lost their lives on the beaches of northern France.
虽然每年他们的人数在减少，但他们杰出的勇敢行为意味着我们将永远铭记他们——以及那些在法国北部海滩失去生命的士兵们。
词句自测
28 __________adj. 杰出的，优秀的
outstanding
重点合作探究
1 violent adj. 狂暴的，凶暴的(教材P33)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①He was caught in a violent storm yesterday.
他昨天碰上了暴风雨。
②The police are determined to free the town of violent crime.
警方决心消灭该城镇的暴力犯罪。
③The wind blew violently and the climbers had to give up.
风刮得很猛，登山队员们不得不放弃。
易混辨析：stormy/violent/wild/fierce stormy 指风雨大作，也指人很激动的感情
violent 普通用词，指人时侧重极为不安，异常激动，暗含有暴力行为；也指破坏性的或不可控制的自然力量
wild 普通用词，既可指自然界的荒芜，未被驯化状态，又指人的无法无天，不文明的野蛮行为
fierce 普通用词，指人或兽的凶猛残酷
(1)单句语法填空
①We can't deal with it with ________ (violent)．
②I felt my heart beating ________ (violent)．
③He condemned the protesters’ use of violence _______ the police.
(2)单句表达
船在海上强烈的风暴中沉没。
The boat sank ________________ at sea.
violence
violently
against
in a violent storm
2 landing n. (军队的)登陆(教材P34)
归纳 拓展
①American forces have begun a big landing.
美军已开始大规模登陆。
②The vehicle can move on land and in water.
这种车可以水陆两用。
③His hot temper has landed him in trouble before.
他的急脾气以前让他遇到过麻烦。
单句语法填空
①The pilot was able ______ (land) the aircraft safely.
②The ________ (land) beaches would be unprotected.
③He takes unconsidered decisions which tend to land him ___ danger.
to land
landing
in
3 commander n. 指挥官，长官(教材P35)
归纳拓展
①The commander had been forewarned of the attack of the enemy.
指挥官预先得到敌人要发动袭击的警告。
②For the first time in years, she felt in command of her life.
多年来第一次，她觉得生活掌握在自己的手里。
③He has a good command of French.
他精通法语。
④He commanded his troops to attack.
他命令部队发起进攻。
⑤The general commanded that all the soldiers (should) go to the frontline.
将军命令所有的士兵奔赴前线。
名师点津
command意为“命令”时，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气“(should＋) do”。 后接宾语从句用虚拟语气的常见动词有：一坚持(insist)，二命令(order, command)，三建议(advise, suggest, recommend), 四要求(demand, require, request, ask)，外加“敦促(urge)，想要(desire)和宁愿(prefer)”。
(1)单句语法填空
①We contended that every college student must have a command ____ a foreign language.
②His father commanded that he ___________ (stay) at home to study.
③The police commanded the criminal________ (stop)．
of
(should) stay
to stop
(2)句型转换
①The boss commanded Henry to finish the important work, but he forgot his command.
→The boss commanded that Henry _______________ the important work, but he forgot his command.
②He commanded that we should take quick action to stop it.
→He commanded __________ quick action to stop it.
(should) finish
us to take
4 objective n. 目的，目标(教材P35)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①Obviously, short－term budgeting is incapable of meeting this objective.
很显然，短期预算是无法实现这一目标的。
②We object to being blamed for something that we haven't done.
我们反对以我们没做过的事情作为理由来指责我们。
③As well as shoes and boots the museum also exhibits shoe shaped objects.
除了鞋子、靴子以外，博物馆还会展出一些鞋子状的物品。
④My main objection to the plan is that it costs too much.
我反对该计划的主要理由是它费用太高。
名师点津
object to中的to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词以及从句。
(1)单句语法填空
①However, others strongly object to ________ (own) private cars.
②I have no ________ (object) to the plan, so long as it would not cost too much.
③You should stop blaming yourself and be more _________ (object) about your ability, which I feel is a sure way to promote your confidence.
owning
objection
objective
(2)单句表达
①他强烈反对被人当孩子一样对待。
He strongly ____________________ like a child.
②我提出反对意见，他太年轻不适合这个职位。
I ____________ he was too young for the position.
objects to being treated
objected that
5 horror n. 惊恐(教材P35)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①The horror of war was beyond description.
战争的恐惧难以言表。
②She recoiled in horror at the sight of an enormous spider.
看到一只巨大的蜘蛛，她吓得直往后退。
③The weather forecast said horrible weather was coming.
天气预报说糟糕的天气即将到来。
④It seemed like a good idea at the time, and then it all went horribly wrong.
那在当时似乎是个好主意，但后来却铸成大错。
(1)单句语法填空
①She turned away ____ horror at the sight of so much blood.
②Wash her and burn her ________ (horror) clothes.
(2)单句表达
令我恐惧的是，一个孩子从房顶上掉了下来。
_____________， a child fell from the roof.
in
horrible
To my horror
6 drown v. (使)淹死(教材P35)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①If you can keep your head above water, you won't drown.
如果能让头露出水面，你就不会淹死。
②He called up his memories and drowned himself in them.
他回想起过去的事情而沉浸其中。
③His voice was drowned in the noise of the train.
他的声音被火车的声响淹没了。
④Police plucked a drowning girl from the river yesterday.
昨天警方从河里救起了一名溺水少女。
(1)单句语法填空
①He was really brave enough to save the __________ (drown) boy from the rough sea.
②Be careful when crossing the bridge or you will fall into the water and get ________ (drown).
(2)单句表达
昨天水果在奶油里泡过了。
The fruit _______________ cream yesterday.
drowning
drowned
was drowned in
7 condemn v. 迫使(某人)处于不幸的境地(教材P36)
归纳拓展
①If we do that, we are condemning life on Earth and should expect severe consequences.
如果我们那样做，我们将毁灭地球上的生命，而且应该预料到会有严重的后果。
②Peter was condemned to six months in prison for drunk driving.
彼得因酒驾被拘役六个月。
③He was condemned to death for murder and later hanged.
他因凶杀罪被判处死刑后被绞死。
(1)单句语法填空
①I didn't condemn him ____ what he had done.
②His job condemned him ________ (spend) long periods of time away from his family.
(2)单句表达
网络让我们更容易能够去谴责别人的错误。
The Internet makes it very easy for us to ____________________________．
for
to spend
condemn others for their mistakes
have confidence in 对……有信心(教材P35)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①I have confidence in the ability of the players.
我对于球员们的能力充满信心。
②Freddy was very confident about his singing.
弗雷迪对他的歌唱很有把握。
③They are confident of saying that the situation is improving.
他们确信地说情况正在好转。
④She played the piano confidently but her timing was not good.
她钢琴弹得很自信，但节奏掌握得不好。
(1)单句语法填空
①I can ___________ (confident) promise that this year is going to be very different.
②While girls lack __________ (confident), boys often overestimate their abilities.
③We are confident ___ our expectation of a full recovery.
confidently
confidence
in
(2)一句多译
他确信自己能通过驾驶测试。
He_________________________ the driving test.
＝He _________________________ the driving test.
＝He _________________________________ the driving test.
is confident that he will pass
is confident of/about passing
is confident/has confidence in passing
1 By spring 1944, the Second World War had been raging across the globe for about five years.(教材P34)
1944年春天，第二次世界大战的战火已经席卷全球大约五年之久。
剖析 “by＋表示时间的名词(短语)”结构，在句中作时间状语，句子谓语用过去完成时或过去完成进行时。
归纳拓展
①He has read about 40 pages of the book by now.
现在这本书他已读了大约40页。
②By the 1920s, he had become an explorer, searching for the tombs of the Egyptian kings.
到了20世纪20年代，他已经成为一名探险家，致力于寻找古埃及国王的陵墓。
③The railway will have been completed by the end of next year.
这条铁路将于明年年底前竣工。
单句语法填空
①By the time the doctor arrived at the spot, the patient _________ (die).
②By now, five villagers _________________ (attack) by the hairy creature.
③By the end of next month, Mary ________________ (finish) her study in China.
had died
have been attacked
will have finished
2 With these words ringing in their ears, Allied soldiers prepared for what would become known as D－Day.(教材P35)
盟军士兵耳中回荡着这些话语，做好了登陆诺曼底的准备。
剖析 With these words ringing ... 为with的复合结构，在句中作状语，其构成为“with＋名词＋现在分词”。
归纳拓展
①He likes sleeping with the door open.
他喜欢开着门睡觉。
②She said goodbye with tears in her eyes.
她含着泪说了声再见。
③With Tom helping us, we finished the task soon.
有汤姆帮助我们，很快我们就完成了那项任务。
④He came to himself, with himself surrounded by a group of boys.
他醒来时，发现自己被一群男孩子包围着。
⑤So in the afternoon, with nothing to do, I went on a round of the bookshops.
下午无事可做，所以我去书店转了转。
(1)单句语法填空
①With all the things she needed ________ (buy), she went home happily.
②With a lot of work _____ (do), he wasn’t allowed to go out.
(2)单句表达
路灯亮了，我们无须摸索着走路。
_____________________， we didn’t have to feel our way.
bought
to do
With the road lights on
3 The enemy were hiding, ready to attack the Allied soldiers even before they reached land.(教材P35)
敌人藏身于各个地方，准备在盟军登陆前就开始进攻。
剖析 形容词(短语)作状语，用来说明主语的状态。
归纳拓展
①The Eagles went home, angry and bitter, because they did not win the tournament.
鹰队在锦标赛上铩羽而归，既恼火又愤愤不平。
②Eager to see the sunrise, they got up at four.
＝Because they were eager to see the sunrise, they got up at four.
急于去看日出，他们4点就起床了。
单句语法填空
①Several hours later, with the aid of the police, the tourists manage to escape from the dangerous place, hungry and __________ (frighten)．
②When it was his turn to deliver his speech, he walked towards the microphone, nervous and ____________ (embarrass)．
③The man went to bed, _______ (drink), and when he woke up, he found his shoes still on.
frightened
embarrassed
drunk
4 Boats were hit and men drowned, while those who did make it to the beach faced heavy machine gunfire.(教材P35)
船被击翻，一些人落水而亡，而那些成功登陆的人面对的则是机关枪的猛烈扫射。
剖析 make it 意为“(疾病)好转；及时到达；获得成功”，it没有实在意义。
归纳拓展
①Everyone of us believe that if you try, you will make it at last.
我们中每一个人都相信如果你尝试的话，你最终会成功的。
②Take it easy. We've got plenty of time.
别急。我们还有很多时间。
③Shall we eat out or stay in It's up to you.
咱们是到外面吃饭还是待在家里？你决定吧。
④I've got it! We'll call it “Word Magic”．
我想到了！我们就叫它“文字魔术”吧。
⑤Oh, forget it! Don't say any more about it. It's time for a break.
算了，别说了，该休息了。
(1)单句语法填空
①You needn't worry and he will make ___．
②Don’t upset yourself about it—let’s just forget ___ ever happened.
(2)单句表达
“我不敢确保明天能成功。”他紧张不安地说。
“ I’m not sure that ____________ tomorrow，” he said edgily.
it
it
I can make it
课堂效果检测
Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子
1．Mathematics possesses not only truth, but ________ (最高的) beauty.
2．They were __________ (迫使处于不幸的境地) to a life of hardship.
3．It was President Xi Jinping who visited the navy ______ (军队) and advocated that naval force be strengthened.
4．It was not until 1965 that the town was ________ (解放)．
5．These measures are aimed at preventing _______ (凶暴的) crime.
supreme
condemned
troops
liberated
violent
6．The Olympic Games stand for friendship as well as o__________ performance.
7．The troops for the l_______ were taken from Alexander’s force and that put a brake on his operations.
8．The cruelty of the Germans towards the Jews and that of the Japanese towards Chinese, filled everyone with h_____．
9．The old photos I came across while cleaning up the drawer helped me r_____ the days that I would have forgotten otherwise.
10．On the way to the cemetery, the band played slow, s______ music suited to the occasion.
utstanding
anding
orror
ecall
olemn
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.The _________ (memory) service will be held at a local church.
2．My father saved a __________ (drown) man in the river.
3．Every day quantities of water _____ (be) wasted.
4．The old man commanded the boy________ (open) the bag in which he carried his dinner.
5．Emphasis is laid on the necessity that all the __________ (object) to be attained be taken into account before starting a new project.
memorial
drowning
are
to open
objectives
6．With the day of the festival approaching, the children can _____ (bare) contain their excitement.
7．Anxious and ________ (worry), they both fix their eyes on the door, but no one has turned up yet.
8．The young woman, with a baby ________ (sleep) in her arms, was wandering in the street.
9．It ________ (leave) the stop by the time I arrived there.
10．If you can’t make ___ Friday, we can invite somebody else.
barely
worried
sleeping
had left
it
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that one can be entirely ________ dust.
2．Our committee ____________ representatives of teachers and students.
3．Backward somewhat technologically as we are for the moment, we _________
_________________ our ability to catch up in time.
be made up of, free from, in large numbers, nothing less than, have confidence in
free from
is made up of
have confidence in
4．His oversight of the danger that resulted in two deaths and five wounded in the expedition was ________________ criminal.
5．These communities are now turning to recycling ______________．
in large numbers
nothing less than
Ⅳ.单句表达
1．这个学生不自信，因为她英语不好。
The student didn’t feel confident because she didn’t _______________________ English.
2．她被判终身监禁。
She __________________ life imprisonment.
3．等你学到这一页时，你将已经学了这本书的142课。
By the time you reach this page, you ________________ 142 lessons of this book.
have a good command of
was condemned to
will have studied
4．做完作业，他们高高兴兴地回家了。(with的复合结构)
__________________________， they went home happily.
5．我认为我们不一定会成功，但不管怎样还是试一试吧。(make it)
______________________， but let’s try anyway.
With their homework finished
I don't think we'll make it
课后课时作业（一）
Ⅰ 阅读
A
Are you looking for the best war books Take a look at a few titles you need to add to your list!
The Art of War, by Sun Tzu
The Art of War was published thousands of years ago, which dates back to the earliest days of the Chinese Empire. It is a comprehensive military masterpiece that discusses the basics of war, covering everything from basic battle preparation to military supply and how to win a battle before it is even fought. Therefore, it remains one of the most important war books even in the modern era.
War and Peace, by Leo Tolstoy
War and Peace is widely known as one of the greatest war novels, focusing on the age of Napoleon. At the time, Napoleon had already conquered the vast majority of Western Europe and rounded up his allies to invade Russia. This novel illustrates how Russia was able to turn back the tide of the French invasion and preserved its land during the Battle of Borodino.
For Whom the Bell Tolls, by Ernest Hemingway
Before Ernest Hemingway became a famous author, he served as an ambulance driver in the Great War. Based on the experience, he wrote For Whom the Bell Tolls, which is about Robert Jordan, a volunteer with a republican guerilla (游击队) unit during the Spanish Civil War. This book provides an inside look at what it was like to serve in a major conflict and its impact on individuals.
篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章推荐了四本关于战争的书籍。
The Iliad, by Homer
If you want to read a classic, consider checking out The Iliad, the best epic tales of all time. While there have been many legends about the Fall of Troy, it is the only one that probes into the horrors of war, painting a vivid picture of the adrenaline, stress, and action of combat.
1．What do we know about The Art of War
A．It sets the story in the Spanish Civil War.
B．It talks about the fundamentals of war.
C．It has been recognized as an epic tale.
D．It is read only by army commanders.
解析：细节理解题。根据The Art of War, by Sun Tzu部分中的“It is a comprehensive military ... it is even fought.(这是一部全面的军事巨著，讨论了战争的基础，涵盖了从基本的战斗准备到军事补给以及如何在战斗开始之前赢得胜利的所有内容。)”可知，《孙子兵法》讲的是战争的基本原理。故选B。
2．Which book well depicts the battle where Russia turned potential failure into victory
A．The Art of War.
B．For Whom the Bell Tolls.
C．War and Peace.
D．The Iliad.
解析：细节理解题。根据War and Peace, by Leo Tolstoy部分中的“This novel illustrates how Russia ... the Battle of Borodino.(这部小说讲述了俄国如何在博罗季诺战役中逆转法国入侵的趋势，并保住了自己的国土。)”可知，《战争与和平》这本书很好地描述了俄国逆转潜在的失败，取得战役的胜利。故选C。
3．Who might be most interested in the four recommended books
A．War book lovers. B．Novel readers.
C．Critical thinkers. D．Average people.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“Are you looking for the best war books Take a look at a few titles you need to add to your list！”可推知，想阅读有关战争书籍的人会喜欢这四本书。故选A。
B
World War Ⅱ began when the UK and France declared war on Germany, after German troops led by Adolf Hitler had invaded Poland on 1 September 1939 to claim land there as their own. Hitler had already invaded Austria and Czechoslovakia, so the war began over his plan to take more land for Germany.
The Siege of Leningrad is a famous event during World War Ⅱ. For 900 days—from 8 September 1941 to 27 January 1944—the city of Leningrad in Russia was surrounded by German troops. That meant everyone inside the city had to stay there, and that there wasn't any way for food or other sources like medicine to get in. Many hundreds of thousands of people died during this time because there wasn't enough food or heating to go around, but the people who lived in Leningrad refused to surrender to the Germans.
In 1940, the French port of Dunkirk was the location of a big turning point for the Allies in World War Ⅱ. Hitler's armies bombed Dunkirk heavily, and many Allied troops were waiting on the beach to be rescued because they didn't have the resources they needed to fight back. From 26 May to 4 June, over 550，000 troops were ferried to safety across the English Channel—the code name for this was “ Operation Dynamo”. Some British civilians (people who weren't in the army) even used their own boats to help save as many people as they could. The rescue operation helped to boost morale (士气) in Britain, where they really needed some good news. This helped in going into the next major event in World War Ⅱ， the Battle of Britain.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了二战期间几次著名的战役，包括列宁格勒保卫战、敦刻尔克大撤退、诺曼底登陆等。
June 6, 1944 is also known as D Day. On that day, the Allied forces launched a huge invasion of land that Adolf Hitler's Nazi troops had taken over. It all began with boats and boats full of Allied troops landing on beaches in the French region of Normandy. They broke through the German defences and carried on fighting them back through Europe for the next 11 months until they reached Berlin, where Hitler was then hiding.
4.What led to the outbreak of World War Ⅱ？
A．UK and France's declaring war on Germany.
B．German troops' invading Poland in 1939.
C．Hitler's starting an attack on Austria.
D．Hitler's plan for occupying more land.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“World War Ⅱ began when the UK and ... as their own.”可知，德国入侵且占领波兰标志着二战的爆发。故选B。
5．What can be known from the Siege of Leningrad according to the passage
A．This event lasted about two and a half years.
B．German troops cut all the supplies to Leningrad.
C．Many people were killed by German soldiers.
D．Leningrad was finally occupied by Germans.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“For 900 days—from 8 September 1941 ... by German troops.”可知，列宁格勒保卫战时间持续了900天，约两年半。故选A。
6．Which event was the closest to the end of WWⅡ？
A．The Siege of Leningrad.
B．Operation Dynamo.
C．The Battle of Britain.
D．The D Day Landings.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，在撤退日后，盟军在诺曼底登陆进行了对德国的反攻。攻陷了柏林。二战基本结束。根据各战事发生的时间可知，诺曼底登陆离二战结束时间最近。故选D。
7．What can be a suitable title for the passage
A．Causes of WWⅡ
B．Hitler's Invasion
C．Great Wars in WWⅡ
D．War and Peace
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，第一段介绍二战爆发及其原因，接下来三段重点介绍了二战中著名的几大战役。故选C。
Ⅱ 七选五
The concept of peace is a very important one in cultures all over the world. Think about how we greet people. __1__ In some cultures we greet people by shaking hands or with another gesture to show that we are not carrying weapons—that we come in peace. And there are certain symbols that people in very different cultures recognize as representing peace. Let's look at the origins of a few of them.
The dove
The dove has been a symbol of peace and innocence for thousands of years in many different cultures. In ancient Greek mythology, it was a symbol of love and the renewal of life. In ancient Japan, a dove carrying a sword symbolized the end of war. __2__
The rainbow
The rainbow is another ancient and universal symbol, often representing the connection between human beings and their gods. In Scandinavian mythology the rainbow was a bridge between the gods and the earth. In Chinese tradition, the rainbow is a common symbol for marriage because the colors represent the union of yin and yang. __3__
The olive branch
__4__ In Greek mythology, the goddess Athene gave the olive tree to the people of Athens, who showed their gratitude by naming the city after her. __5__ Whatever the history, the olive branch is a part of many modern flags symbolizing peace and unity.
A．But it was Pablo Picasso who made it a modern symbol of peace.
B．The olive tree has always been a valuable source of food and oil.
C．In some languages, the phrases for greetings contain the word for peace.
D．Nowadays the rainbow is used by many popular movements for peace and the environment.
E．People always greet one another in peaceful ways.
F．Now we use the rainbow to represent the possibility of a better world.
G．But no one knows for sure when or why it began to symbolize peace.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了鸽子、彩虹和橄榄枝三种事物作为和平象征的历史和原因。
1．答案：C
解析：上文“Think about how we greet people.(想想我们是如何问候别人的。)”中的“how”提示下文将在问候方式方面展开叙述。下文中的“we greet people by shaking hands or with another gesture(我们通过握手或其他手势来问候别人)”是关于手势或动作的问候方式；“And there are certain symbols(有一些特定的符号)”是关于特定符号的问候方式，C项是关于语言的问候方式，与上下文衔接紧密。故选C。
2．答案：A
解析：上文提到了鸽子在古代是如何代表和平的，A项中的“modern(现代的)”与上文中的“ancient”相呼应，完整讲述了鸽子在古代和现代历史上是如何被用来代表和平的。故选A。
3．答案：D
解析： D项中的“Nowadays”与第三段中的“In Scandinavian mythology”和“In Chinese tradition”相呼应，讲述现代人是如何利用彩虹这个标志的。故选D。
解析：B项与小标题“The olive branch”相符，且下文“the goddess Athene gave the olive tree to the people of Athens”中的“the olive tree”也是暗示，话题内容与橄榄树相关。故选B。
4．答案：B
解析：根据设空后的“Whatever the history(无论历史是什么)”可知，对橄榄枝用作和平象征的历史并没有做出明确的说明，G项(但没有人确切知道它是何时或为何开始象征和平的。)符合语境。故选G。
5．答案：G
课后课时作业（二）
Ⅰ 阅读
Four Great Destinations For Free
The Getty (Los Angeles, America)
This place is so huge that you must take a tram (有轨电车) just from the parking garage to the top, but that's part of the fun. The collection features Greek and Roman antiquities. But they also have Van Gogh's Irises and some lovely Monets. If you have a choice, go on a clear day because you can see the ocean and Catalina Island from the rooftop gardens, which are an attraction in themselves.
Golden Gate Bridge (San Francisco, America)
Did you know you can walk or bike across this 1.7 mile bridge across San Francisco Bay If you walk the entire length, you end up in the charming town of Sausalito. A new overlook called Strauss Plaza provides a visitor center and great overlooks.
Fusterlandia (Havana, Cuba)
Artist Jose Fuster left Cuba decades ago to travel in Europe and came back inspired to decorate his run down property in Havana with broken tiles (瓷砖)．
Eventually he covered a good portion of the neighborhood with his whimsical (异想天开的) tile art, including bus stops, benches, front gates, doctors' offices and more. His own property is covered with sculptures of fantastic creatures. Expect to see tons of tourists every day and maybe even the artist himself, who still lives and works there.
Statue of Liberty (New York, America)
Yes, you can pay to take a harbor tour and see the Statue of Liberty up close, but why not just hop on the Staten Island ferry It will take you past the famous statue in the harbor and give you a 25 minute harbor tour between Manhattan and Staten Island. The ferry runs all day and night, seven days a week.
篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个可以免费参观的绝妙景点。
1．Which place is most likely to be built on a mountain
A．The Getty. B．Fusterlandia.
C．Statue of Liberty. D．Golden Gate Bridge.
解析：推理判断题。根据The Getty (Los Angeles, America)部分中的“This place is so huge that ... the parking garage to the top”可知，The Getty (盖帝博物馆)非常大，你必须从停车场搭乘有轨电车到达最高点，由此可推知，The Getty很可能是建在山上。故选A。
2．When walking in the street of ________， you probably come across the artist himself who created this magic place.
A．Golden Gate Bridge B．Statue of Liberty
C．Fusterlandia D．The Getty
解析：细节理解题。根据Fusterlandia (Havana, Cuba)部分中的“Expect to see ... and works there.”可知，在Fusterlandia (弗斯特之家)，预计你每天可以看到大量游客，甚至可能看到艺术家本人。故选C。
3．What are tourists required to do if they want to take a closer look at the Statue of Liberty
A．Take a tram.
B．Pay an extra fee.
C．Walk or bike across the bridge.
D．Make reservations in advance.
解析：细节理解题。 根据Statue of Liberty (New York, America)部分中的“Yes, you can pay to take a harbor tour and see the Statue of Liberty up close”可知，游客可以付钱进行海港游览，从而近距离观看自由女神像。故选B。
Ⅱ 完形填空
Nevins had his legs seriously injured in a war. He had 36 operations, had both legs amputated (截掉), and spent several years going to Walter Reed Army Medical Center.
The year left him __1__ and restless. He was often woken up by bad dreams. He knew he needed __2__. To find a way out, he called a friend, Anna Dennis. She told him, “ You need yoga (瑜伽) in your life.” At first, Nevins laughed at the __3__. “That's the stupidest thing I've heard，” Nevins said. But he decided to have a try.
A yoga instructor, Dennis offered to give him three __4__. At his first lesson, he found himself feeling sad because of his artificial legs. It was painful to balance, and he was angry __5__ she kept telling him to press his feet into the ground.
Finally he told her, “__6__ saying that word! I don't have any feet！” And then, he __7__ his artificial legs and threw them aside, a big move because he was __8__ to be seen without them—only his doctors had seen him like that.
“I raised my arms, and it felt as though life was shooting out of my hands. I became a __9__ person，” he said.
When the day was over, he couldn’t wait for his next lesson. Following what began as a __10__ exercise, yoga finally became Nevins’s saving grace (长项)．
Nevins __11__ others to find yoga. “ All of us are living with wounds，” he said. “ Yoga helps you to __12__ the things that don't serve you any more.”
Now he travels the world as a yoga __13__， hoping to bring peace and purpose to those who have suffered from the wounds of war. He teaches about twelve classes a month.
“ I have a great life. On most days, I __14__ that I’m an amputee. That’s because of yoga. Life goes on. I’m __15__ for every breath，” said Nevins.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。Nevins(内文斯)在战争中失去了双腿，心理也受到了创伤。后来他通过练习瑜伽重拾了信心，并且成了一名瑜伽教练，帮助那些和他一样有相同遭遇的人。
1．A． worried B．proud
C．careless D．moved
2．A． praise B．work
C．help D．sleep
解析：此处指Nevins的不幸遭遇让他感到焦虑和不安，时常被噩梦惊醒。故选A。
解析：根据下文“To find a way out, he called a friend”可知，Nevins需要他人的帮助。故选C。
3．A． advice B．decision
C．warning D．result
4．A.suggestions B．choices
C．lessons D．chances
解析：advice 建议；decision 决定；warning 警告；result 结果。根据上文“You need yoga (瑜伽) in your life.”可知，朋友Anna Dennis (安娜·丹尼斯)给了他建议。故选A。
解析：根据下文“At his first lesson”和“his next lesson”可知，Dennis作为一名瑜伽教练，给Nevins上了三节瑜伽课。故选C。
5．A.so B．if
C．though D．because
6．A.Mind B．Stop
C．Regret D．Consider
解析：句意：平衡很痛苦，他很生气，因为她一直叫他把脚压在地上。此处是因果关系，应用because。故选D。
解析：根据上文“he was angry”以及下文“I don't have any feet！”可知，教练Dennis让Nevins压脚，说到了他的痛处，因此他让教练停止说脚这个词。故选B。
7．A． put on B．showed off
C．picked up D．took off
8．A ． afraid B．ready
C．happy D．bored
解析：put on 穿戴；增加体重；show off 展示；炫耀；pick up 捡起；学习；take off 脱下；起飞。根据上文“I don't have any feet！”以及下文“threw them aside”可知，Nevins脱掉了自己的假肢，扔到一边。故选D。
解析：根据下文“only his doctors had seen him like that”可知，对Nevins来说，他一直害怕别人看到自己不戴假肢时的样子。故选A。
9．A.popular B．real
C．serious D．new
10．A.simple B．different
C．similar D．difficult
解析：此处指瑜伽让Nevins重拾生活的信心，仿佛重获新生。故选D。
解析：根据上文“At his first lesson, he found himself ... balance”可知，最初练习瑜伽对Nevins来说是很困难的。故选D。
11．A.required B．encouraged
C．forced D．allowed
12．A.look forward to B．let go of
C．hold onto D．search for
解析：require 需要；encourage 鼓励；force 强制；allow 允许。根据下文“Yoga helps you to __12__ the things that don't serve you any more.”可知，Nevins感受到了瑜伽带来的好处，因此鼓励其他人练习瑜伽。故选B。
解析： look forward to 期待；期望；let go of 释放；松手，放开；hold onto 坚持；紧握；search for 寻找。此处指瑜伽帮助你放下那些对你没有任何帮助的事情。故选B。
13．A.instructor B．actor
C．pioneer D．doctor
14．A.imagine B．believe
C．realize D．forget
解析：根据下文“He teaches about twelve classes a month.”可知，Nevins现在是一名瑜伽教练。故选A。
解析：根据上文“Yoga helps you to __12__ the things that don't serve you any more.”可知，瑜伽使他忘却了伤痛，忘记自己是一名被截肢者。故选D。
15．A.suitable B．famous
C．thankful D．Concerned
解析：根据上文“I have a great life.”和“Life goes on.”可知，Nevins感激自己还能活着。be thankful for “对……感激；感谢”。故选C。
Ⅲ 语法填空
Niangao, a sweet rice cake, is a popular dessert eaten during the Spring Festival. It was originally used as an offering before it gradually became a Spring Festival food. The __1__ (pronounce) of niangao sounds like “ year high” in Chinese, symbolizing a much higher income, a much higher position, the growth of children, __2__ the promise of a much better year. It is considered good luck to eat it during the Spring Festival period. Niangao has a legend about its origin. In the Spring and Autumn Period of ancient China, the whole country __3__ (divide) into different small kingdoms and people suffered a lot in wars. At that time, strong walls were built __4__ (protect) the Wu Kingdom from repeated __5__ (attack). Many people stopped worrying about wars,
except for Wu Zixu. __6__ was Wu Zixu who told his entourages (随从) that wars should not be viewed __7__ (light). “In case things go badly, remember to dig a hole under the wall.” After Wu Zixu passed away, a war broke out and many people died from lack __8__ food. Some people did what Wu Zixu had told them before and found that the wall under the earth was built with special bricks __9__ (make) from glutinous (黏的) rice flour. As a result, the bricks saved many people from hunger. After that, people made niangao every year in memory of Wu Zixu. As time passed, niangao became __10__ we eat today.
1．________ 2．________ 3．________ 4．________ 5．________
6．________ 7．________ 8．________ 9．________ 10．________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“年糕”的寓意，以及它是如何成为我们的一种日常食物的历史故事。
解析：考查词性转换。根据设空前定冠词The及设空后介词of可知，此处应用名词。故填pronunciation。
1．答案：pronunciation
2．答案：and
解析：考查连词。句意：在汉语里，年糕的发音听起来像“年年高升”，象征着更高的收入，更高的职位，孩子的成长及对更好的一年的希望。设空前后为并列关系，应用and连接。故填and。
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。主语the whole country与divide之间为被动关系；且根据时间状语“In the Spring and Autumn Period of ancient China”可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态；主语为单数。故填was divided。
3．答案：was divided
4．答案：to protect
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：当时，吴国筑起了坚固的城墙，以保护自己免受反复的攻击。此处应用不定式作目的状语。故填to protect。
解析：考查名词。attack意为“攻击”，为可数名词；设空前有形容词repeated“反复的”修饰，应用名词复数作介词from的宾语。故填attacks。
5．答案：attacks
6．答案：It
解析：考查强调句型。此处为强调句句型It be＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他；位于句首，单词首字母应大写。故填It。
解析：考查词性转换。句意：伍子胥告诉他的随从，不应该轻视战争。修饰动词viewed，应用副词作状语。故填lightly。
7．答案：lightly
8．答案：of
解析：考查介词。句意：伍子胥去世后，一场战争爆发了，许多人死于缺乏食物。固定短语lack of sth意为“缺少……”。故填of。
解析：考查非谓语动词。bricks和make为被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填made。
9．答案：made
10．答案：what
解析：考查宾语从句的连接词。设空处引导宾语从句；从句中缺少eat的宾语，意为“……的东西”，应用连接代词what。故填what。
