英语 选择性必修 第三册 WY
Period Ⅲ Developing ideas
LIANDA: A PLACE OF PASSION，
BELIEF AND COMMITMENT
联大：一个充满激情、信念和奉献的地方
Throughout history, the great thinkers of the world have often rather romantically referred to their academic struggles as being like “war”．
纵观历史，世界上伟大的思想家们经常浪漫地将他们的学术斗争比作“战争”。
However, for most of them, the “war” has been purely symbolic.
然而，对他们大多数人来说，“战争”纯粹是象征性的。
Real war is never romantic as it brings suffering and immense challenges.
真正的战争从不浪漫，因为它会带来痛苦和巨大的挑战。
词句自测 ①academic adj. 学术的
In 1937, the aggression of the Japanese army brought disaster to China's three great universities: Peking University and Tsinghua University were occupied by Japanese troops, while Nankai University was completely destroyed by bombing.
1937年，日军的侵略给中国三大名校带来了灾难：北京大学、清华大学被日军占领，南开大学被炸弹彻底炸毁。
To save their educational and intellectual heritage, the three universities joined together in Kunming as National Southwest Associated University, otherwise known as Lianda.
为了保护教育和知识遗产，这三所大学在昆明合并成为国立西南联合大学，也就是人们所知的联大。
词句自测 ②aggression n. 侵略 ③intellectual adj. 智力的，脑力的 ④associated adj. 联合的 ⑤“主(the three universities)谓(joined)”。To save ... heritage是不定式短语作目的状语，in Kunming是地点状语，as National Southwest Associated University是方式状语；otherwise known as Lianda是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰National Southwest Associated University。
Professors and students alike in the three universities made an epic journey over a distance of more than 2，000 kilometres, most of them on foot.
这三所大学的教授和学生进行了一段史诗般的旅程，行程超过了2，000公里，大部分人步行。
Their bed was the dusty road and their roof was the open sky, often lit up by exploding Japanese bombs.
他们的床是尘土飞扬的道路，屋顶是经常被日本炸弹的爆炸点亮的开阔天空。
Conditions were little better once they reached the remote and mountainous south west part of China.
当他们到达中国偏远多山的西南地区时，情况也好不到哪里去。
They had to live in rough buildings, packed 40 to a room, like sardines.
他们不得不住在简陋的房子里，40人挤在一个房间里，像沙丁鱼一样。
词句自测 ⑥rough adj. 简单的；粗糙的 ⑦sardine n. 沙丁鱼
There were dire shortages of food, books, and equipment.
食物、书籍和设备严重短缺。
Furthermore, classes were frequently disrupted due to fierce air attacks and often had to be held before 10 am and after 4 pm.
此外，由于猛烈的空袭，课堂经常中断，经常在上午10点之前和下午4点之后才能上课。
词句自测 ⑧dire adj. 极其严重的 ⑨disrupt v. 扰乱
However, despite the immense hardships and the daunting challenges, it was right in this place, over a period of eight long years, that the nation's intellectual heritage was not only guarded but fortified by the passion and belief of the worthy academics of Lianda.
然而，尽管困难重重、挑战艰巨，正是在这个地方，在长达8年的时间里，我国的知识遗产不仅得到了保护，而且被有热情、有信念的值得尊敬的联大学者们所加强了。
It is no wonder that many, if not most, of China's leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda, including the two Nobel Prize－winning physicists, Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao.
难怪许多(如果不是大多数的话)中国顶尖学者和科学家出现在了联大，其中包括两位诺贝尔物理学奖得主——杨振宁和李政道。
“Lianda laid the foundation for every achievement I have made，” Yang recalled.
“联大为我取得的每一项成就奠定了基础，”杨振宁回忆说。
He still remembers learning in a temporary classroom that had no glass in the windows.
他仍然记得在一间窗户上没有玻璃的临时教室里学习的情景。
“On windy days, we had to hold down the paper on the desk, which would otherwise be blown away，” he said.
他说：“刮风的时候，我们不得不把纸压在桌子上，否则纸就会被风吹走。”
词句自测 ⑩daunting adj. 吓人的，使人气馁的 fortify v. 激励，加强 emerge v. 出现 “形式主语(It)＋系(is)表(no wonder)＋主语从句(that many ... at Lianda)”。if not most是插入语，意为 “如果不是大多数的话”。including the two ... Li Zhengdao是介词短语作状语。
With the country at war, students at Lianda were not going to shirk their duty.
国家处于战争状态，联大的学生不会逃避责任。
Driven by a sense of commitment, a great many joined the army to resist the Japanese invaders and defend the honour of the nation.
在责任感的驱使下，许多人参军抵抗日本侵略者，保卫国家的荣誉。
In fact, Lianda provided the largest number of student soldiers from any campus in China.
事实上，在中国的所有大学中，联大提供的学生兵数量是最多的。
Of the thousands of college students from all over China who served as interpreters, one tenth were from Lianda, including the well－known translators Zha Liangzheng and Xu Yuanchong.
全国各地从事翻译工作的数千名大学生中有十分之一来自联大，包括著名的翻译家查良铮和许渊冲。
词句自测 shirk v. 逃避 invader n. 侵略者，侵略军 “主(one tenth)系(were)表(from Lianda)”。Of the thousands ... interpreters为介词短语作状语，表示范围；who served as interpreters是定语从句，修饰先行词students；including ... Xu Yuanchong是介词短语作状语。
Zha later depicted the contributions of his peers in a poem：
后来，查良铮在一首诗中描述了他的同龄人的贡献：
Softly, on the hillside forgotten by all，
A misty rain falls in a gentle breeze；
There is no trace of the footprints of history；
Where brave souls once stood, breathing
new life into the trees.
静静的，在那被遗忘的山坡上，
还下着密雨，还吹着细风；
没有人知道历史曾在此走过；
留下了英灵，
化入树干而滋生。
词句自测 depict v. 描述，描写 peer n. 同龄人；同辈 misty adj. 多雾的 breeze n. 微风
A product of the war, Lianda is now physically gone.
作为战争的产物，联大现在已经不在了。
But it has become the crowning glory of China's modern universities, not only because of its prominent professors and talented students, but also because of the school's strong spirit of perseverance and dedication.
但它已成为中国现代大学的最高荣誉，不仅因为它有杰出的教授和富有才华的学生，还因为学校坚强的毅力和奉献精神。
In 2017, representatives from Peking University, Tsinghua University, Nankai University and Yunnan Normal University gathered to commemorate the 80th anniversary of its founding.
2017年，来自北京大学、清华大学、南开大学、云南师范大学的代表聚集在一起，纪念联大建校80周年。
词句自测 crowning adj. 使圆满的，使完美的 glory n. 辉煌的成就；荣耀的事 prominent adj. 著名的，杰出的 dedication n. 奉献 representative n. 代表 commemorate v. 庆祝，为……举行纪念活动 anniversary n. 周年纪念日
More than eighty years on, the priceless contribution of Lianda still needs to be reaffirmed.
80多年过去了，联大的无价贡献仍然需要得到再次肯定。
It has become part of the collective memory of the Chinese nation, with its spirit as the blueprint for all universities in China in the modern era.
它已经成为中华民族共同记忆的一部分，它的精神是当代所有中国大学的蓝图。
词句自测 reaffirm v. 重申，再次确定 collective adj. 集体的；共同的 blueprint n. 蓝图 “主(It)系(has become)表(part of ... Chinese nation)”。with its spirit ... modern era是with的复合结构“with＋名词＋介词短语”，在句中作状语。
1 representative n. 代表(教材P44)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①He is regarded as a representative of the youth of his generation.
他被看作他那一代年轻人的代表。
②He is represented as a man of great honour.
他被描述成一个获得极大荣誉的人。
③He represented himself as/to be a true patriot.
他自称是一个真正的爱国者。
(1)选词填空(represent/representative)
①Mother and daughters ________ two generations.
②Are your opinions ________ of the other students
③The tiger is a ________ of the cat family.
④The red lines on the map ________ railways.
答案：①represent ②representative ③representative ④represent
(2)单句表达
①他自称是工人之友，但现在我们知道真相了。
He ________________ a friend of the workers, but now we know the truth.
②这幅画是他在那个时期的代表作。
The painting is ________________ his work of the period.
答案：①represented himself as/to be ②representative of
2 relevant adj. 有关的，切题的(教材P48)
归纳拓展
①I explained the relevant procedure of making tea in detail.
我详细讲解了泡茶的相关流程。
②These issues are directly relevant to the needs of slow learners.
这些问题与慢学习者的需要有直接关系。
③What you say has relevance to what we're talking about.
你说的和我们正在谈论的话题有关。
④His being a good lawyer is irrelevant to what he has learned at school.
他是个优秀的律师，这与他在学校所学的不相关。
名师点津 “与……有关”的其他表达 ①be related to ②have sth to do with ③be concerned with ④be involved in
(1)单句语法填空
①The applicant has experience in teaching and, more ________ (relevant), in industry.
②There are additional publications of special ________ (relevant) to new graduates.
答案：①relevantly ②relevance
(2)单句表达
①这些事实和此案有关。
These facts ________________ the case.
②她已搜集了一切有关的信息。
She has gathered all the ______________________．
③你现在所说的与正在考虑中的问题毫无关联。
What you are saying ____________________ the matter in hand.
答案：①are relevant to/have relevance to ②relevant information ③has no relevance to/is irrelevant to
1 It is no wonder that many, if not most, of China's leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda, including the two Nobel Prize－winning physicists, Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao.(教材P43) 难怪即使不是大多数，但也有许多中国领先的学者和科学家都是联大出身，包括两位诺贝尔奖得主，物理学家杨振宁和李政道。
剖析 It is no wonder (that) ... ＝No wonder (that) ... “难怪……；一点也不奇怪……”，It作形式主语，that从句作真正的主语。
归纳拓展
①He has been working overnight. It's no wonder (that)/No wonder he looks worn out.
他工作了一整夜，难怪他看上去很疲倦。
②They stared at the strange sight in wonder.
他们惊讶地盯着那奇景。
③It is a wonder that he was so punctual this morning.
他今天早晨到得这样准时，真是怪事。
④I'm moving in a few days and I wonder if you could help.
我过几天就要搬进去了，不知道你能不能帮忙。
(1)单句语法填空
①It is a wonder ________ he shouldn't have passed the exam.
②I wonder ________ you could give me some advice on how to learn English.
答案：①that ②if/whether
(2)单句表达
①我们惊奇地听着爸爸讲故事。
We listened to our father's stories ____________．
②短暂的放松能产生奇效。
A few moments of relaxation can ____________．
③很多人赞叹自己周围大自然的美。
Many people ____________ the beauty of nature around them.
答案：①in wonder ②do/work wonders ③wonder at/about
2 “On windy days, we had to hold down the paper on the desk, which would otherwise be blown away，” he said.(教材P43) “在刮风的日子里，我们不得不把纸按在桌子上，否则纸就会被风吹走。”他说。
剖析 otherwise意为“否则；要不然”，隐含一种条件在里面，又叫含蓄条件句，所在句子常用虚拟语气。
归纳拓展
①I'm really very busy, otherwise I would go shopping with you.
我真的很忙，否则我就和你一起去购物了。
②Without your timely help, I would have never finished the work yesterday.
(要是)没有你及时的帮助，昨天我就绝不可能完成这项工作。
单句语法填空
①They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they ________ (come) to our help.
②Without my help, she ________ (not pass) the exam.
③But for the passer－by's quick action, the girl ________ (drown)．
答案：①would have come ②would not have passed ③could have been drowned
3 Driven by a sense of commitment, a great many joined the army to resist the Japanese invaders and defend the honour of the nation.(教材P43) 在献身精神的驱使下，许多人参军抵抗日本侵略者，保卫国家的荣誉。
剖析 Driven by a sense of commitment是过去分词短语作原因状语，Driven与其逻辑主语a great many之间是动宾关系。
归纳拓展
①Asked (＝When he was asked) how his grade is, he hung the head.
当问他的成绩怎么样的时候，他低下了头。
②Frightened (＝Because he was frightened) by the person, the boy ran to his mother.
由于被那个人吓到了，这个男孩跑向了妈妈。
③Given more attention (＝If it was given more attention), the fire could have been avoided.
如果多加注意，火灾本来可以避免的。
④Left (＝Although she was left) alone at home, Jenny didn't feel afraid at all.
即使珍妮一个人留在家里，她一点也不害怕。
⑤Surrounded by his students, the teacher went into the lab. (＝The teacher was surrounded by his students and went into the lab.)
在学生的簇拥下，老师走进了实验室。
(1)句型转换
①Inspired by what the speaker said, the audience began to cheer.
→Because ________________________ by what the speaker said, they began to cheer.
②Absorbed in books, John didn't notice evening approaching.
→John ________________________ he didn't notice evening approaching.
答案：①the audience were inspired ②was absorbed in books and
(2)单句表达
①由于旅途劳顿，他很快就睡着了。
He soon fell asleep, ______________________．
②这些问题被讨论了很多次后，最后被解决了。
________________________， these problems were settled at last.
③再给几分钟的时间，我就能完成了。
________________________， I'll finish it.
④即使给他解释一百遍，他还是不会明白。
____________________， he still can't understand it.
答案：①exhausted by the journey ②Discussed many times ③Given a few more minutes
④Explained a hundred times
Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子
1．It was in these studios that young painters found the support and stimulating competition of ________ (同龄人)．
答案：peers
2．Even the red numbers on a digital clock can ________ (扰乱) sleep.
答案：disrupt
3．China has published ________ (有关的) reports and revealed the truth, and this will help people understand the truth and the rights and wrongs of these events.
答案：relevant
4．No sooner had they bought the land than a new problem ________ (出现)．
答案：emerged
5．The bench had a ________ (简单的) wooden table in front of it.
答案：rough
6．High levels of lead could damage the i________ development of children.
答案：intellectual
7．A series of movies will be shown to c________ the 30th anniversary of his death.
答案：commemorate
8．Children who drank mainly soda were more than twice as likely as those who drank no soda to show signs of a________．
答案：aggression
9．Many of our teachers also have a________ links with some professors of the well known university.
答案：academic
10．He was the Queen's r________ at the ceremony.
答案：representative
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．As a result of ________ (collect) effort, the difficult situation changed into a favourable one.
答案：collective
2．A foreign language is a subject to be studied with attention and ________ (dedicate)．
答案：dedication
3．The ________ (glorious) of life, is not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall to repeated attacks.
答案：glory
4．It was so ________ (mist) that we had to feel our way home.
答案：misty
5．In time of war, different parties tend to set aside their political differences to fight against foreign ________ (invade) shoulder to shoulder.
答案：invaders
6．In children's minds, winter is always ________ (associate) with skiing, skating and making a snowman.
答案：associated
7．All the ________ (represent) were in favour of the bill, so it was passed and became a law.
答案：representatives
8．Some of the material presented may not be relevant ________ you or your circumstances.
答案：to
9．We can sum ________ the main point of the lesson in three sentences.
答案：up
10．When we watch a magic show, we often stare at the magic man ________ wonder, as though he were a vision.
答案：in
Ⅲ.选词填空
refer to, join together, light up, serve as, due to
1．The five rings on the Olympic flag stand for the five continents that ____________ in the Olympic Games.
答案：are joined together
2．Her face ____________ with pleasure when she heard the news that her son was admitted to Peking University.
答案：lit up
3．He ____________ a volunteer in the UK for two years, which helps him with his work a lot.
答案：has served as
4．The train ____________ arrive at 10 am was delayed for 2 hours because of the storm.
答案：due to
5．It's foolish of you to ____________ your notes in such an important test.
答案：refer to
Ⅳ.单句表达
1．我认为他所说的与我们正在讨论的话题无关。
I don't think what he said ________________ the topic we are discussing.
答案：is relevant to
2．他自称是一个勤勤恳恳、自食其力的小商人。
He ________________ a hard working and self made small businessman.
答案：represented himself as/to be
3．为了在卧室里腾出地方，她把自己冬天的衣服收拾好拿到了储藏室。
____________________________， she put away her winter clothes and took them to the storeroom.
答案：To make space in the bedroom
4．我有贝蒂的电话号码，不然我昨天就不可能联系上她了。(otherwise)
I have Betty's phone number, __________________________________________ her yesterday.
答案：otherwise I wouldn't have been able to reach
5．他成功是不足为奇的。(no wonder)
__________________ he should have succeeded.
答案：It is no wonder that/No wonder that
课后课时作业
Ⅰ 阅读
I am a Canadian artist living in Victoria. My work focuses on peace. My art helps me find answers, or at least deal with some of the worrying realities of the modern day.
My trips into Baghdad standing for peace caused huge stress to my family and me. It took a few years before I was able to come to accept that whole experience and work out how to continue to work as an artist. I put my energy into creating natural art facilities that awoke a sense of peace in myself and others. I set up my first project in a large field, using a simple mother and child design. I later did two similar, small works, one in Scotland and the other in Baghdad.
I wanted to create something more permanent (永恒的), however, and so I created the Peace Image in Hudson's Hope. It can't be seen very well on the ground these days, because the locals just loved riding over the large piles of dirt. I don't mind that at all. The Peace Image still turns up well from the air and on Google maps though.
For many years now, I've felt pleased to be able to express myself through my art. In the autumn of 2013, I was encouraged to lead the creation of a Peace Garden art project at Woodwynn Farms in Central Saanich. After everything we had been through, it was such a gift to work closely with my wife, Elizabeth Wellburn, a talented artist. It was and still is a labour of love.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一个“和平”艺术家的经历和感受，尤其是在参加巴格达“维和之旅”之后自己的艺术创作也因此受到了影响。
1．What made the author suffer from great pressure
A．His lack of enough money.
B．Some worrying realities.
C．The failure of his first project.
D．His strong support of peace.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“My trips into Baghdad standing for peace caused huge stress to my family and me.(前往巴格达维护和平之旅给我和我的家人带来了巨大的压力。)”可知，让作者感到有压力的是他对于和平的向往。故选D。
2．Why did the author create the Peace Image
A．To produce a more lasting thing.
B．To raise people's awareness of peace.
C．To make people remember him.
D．To satisfy local people's requirement.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I wanted to create ... in Hudson's Hope.”可知，作者创作和平形象的原因是想要创造出一件更持久的东西。故选A。
3．How does the author feel about his own artistic works
A．Doubtful. B．Discouraged.
C．Satisfied. D．Confident.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“For many years now, I've felt pleased to be able to express myself through my art.”可推知，作者对于自己的作品是满意的。故选C。
4．What is a suitable title for the text
A．An Artist Concentrating on Peace Design
B．The Life Story of a Canadian Artist
C．Artistic Works Meaning a Labour of Love
D．An Unforgettable Experience
答案：A
解析：标题判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“I am a Canadian artist living in ... the modern day.”可知，本文主要讲述了这位艺术家在维护和平方面的创作和感受。故选A。
Ⅱ 七选五
Niki Lauda will always be remembered, not only for his performance on the racetrack but also for his recovery in the face of tragedy (悲剧). This Austrian superstar chased his dreams interrupted many times, but astonished people with his unbelievable comebacks. Lauda's story is a totally moving film and it will have you supporting him every step of the way.
__1__ So when a young Niki Lauda decided his passion was racing, his Austrian parents were far from pleased. Rebellious (叛逆的) from the very beginning, he was against his family's wishes and pursued his dreams anyway. But little did he know, __2__
Lauda's career didn't truly take off until he proved himself at the 1975 German Grand Prix (大奖赛). However, when it came to the next German Grand Prix, the true nightmare began. During the race, Lauda crashed into an embankment. His vehicle caught fire! Not only had he sustained terrible burns to his face, but he had also absorbed toxic fumes, damaging his lungs and blood. Because of the injuries, he later fell into a coma. __3__ Against all odds, he survived.
Although he'd managed to escape from death, Lauda's injuries were extensive. He'd lost his eyelids, his eyebrows, most of his right ear, and the majority of his hair. Because of the intense scarring, Lauda would never look the same again. __4__ A mere six weeks after this terrible event, Lauda was back in the game. With his head wrapped in bloody bandages, he faced his fears. Driving through the pain, he still managed to place fourth.
Niki Lauda's career is a testament to the human spirit. He never once doubted his passion or his love for racecar driving, and despite his many struggles, he managed to prove himself as one of the greatest racecar drivers of all time—__5__
A．Still, he never gave up.
B．But Lauda wasn't a dead man yet.
C．Giving up is something Lauda doesn't do.
D．Still, his looks were the least of his worries.
E．Lauda's behavior is always beyond expectation.
F．A career in racecar driving is risky and dangerous.
G．Lauda's path would be far more dangerous than he ever expected.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Niki Lauda (尼基·劳达)在他的赛车生涯中经历挫折永不言败的故事。
1．答案：F
解析：根据下文“So when a young Niki Lauda decided his passion was racing, his Austrian parents were far from pleased.”可知，Niki Lauda的决定引起了父母的不满，F项(开赛车是非常危险的职业。)与下文构成因果关系。故选F。
2．答案：G
解析：根据上文“Rebellious (叛逆的) from the very beginning, he was against his family's wishes and pursued his dreams anyway.”可知，Lauda不顾家人反对，开始了赛车生涯。“But little did he know”与上文构成转折，由此可推知，G项(Lauda的赛车生涯比他预想的要危险得多。)符合题意。故选G。
3．答案：B
解析：根据上文“Because of the injuries, he later fell into a coma.”可知，他命悬一线，结合下文“Against all odds, he survived.”可知，虽然受伤严重，但他还是活了下来。B项(但是Lauda并没有死。)承上启下。故选B。
4．答案：D
解析：根据上文“Because of the intense scarring, Lauda would never look the same again.”可知，他的容貌受损，结合下文“A mere six weeks after this terrible event, Lauda was back in the game.”可知，毁容的事情并没有打击他开赛车的决心，由此可推知，他并不在意自己的外貌。D项(尽管如此，他的外貌是他最不在意的。)承上启下。故选D。
5．答案：C
解析：上文“He never once ... of all time(他从未怀疑过自己对开赛车的热情和热爱，尽管困难重重，他都设法证明自己是有史以来最伟大的赛车手之一)”总结了Lauda永不言弃的品质，C项(放弃是Lauda绝不会做的事。)照应上文，表明了Niki Lauda是一个永不放弃的人。故选C。
Ⅲ 应用文写作
假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Peter偶然看到你校的“红色文化”研学之旅照片，写信向你询问有关情况。请你给他回信，内容包括：
1．研学地点；
2．主要研学活动；
3．你的体会。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[精彩范文]
Dear Peter，
In your last letter, you wanted to know about our “Red Culture” study trip. I want to tell you that it was truly an educational and unforgettable experience.
The destination of our “red culture” study tour was Yan'an, the holy land of revolution, where we visited some of the great historical meeting sites and some of the former homes of revolutionaries. In addition, an old Red Army solider explained historical stories to us. Also, we took pictures with the old Red Army solider to express our respect for the revolutionary predecessors.
This “red culture” study trip has not only enriched our knowledge of history and culture but also strengthened our awareness of patriotism.
Yours，
Li Hua
16(共78张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
Unit 3 War and peace
Period Ⅲ Developing ideas
课前预习自检
重点合作探究
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
课堂效果检测
3
课后课时作业
４
课前预习自检
LIANDA: A PLACE OF PASSION，
BELIEF AND COMMITMENT
联大：一个充满激情、信念和奉献的地方
Throughout history, the great thinkers of the world have often rather romantically referred to their academic struggles as being like “war”．
纵观历史，世界上伟大的思想家们经常浪漫地将他们的学术斗争比作
“战争”。
However, for most of them, the “war” has been purely symbolic.
然而，对他们大多数人来说，“战争”纯粹是象征性的。
Real war is never romantic as it brings suffering and immense challenges.
真正的战争从不浪漫，因为它会带来痛苦和巨大的挑战。
词句自测
①_________ adj. 学术的
academic
In 1937, the aggression of the Japanese army brought disaster to China's three great universities: Peking University and Tsinghua University were occupied by Japanese troops, while Nankai University was completely destroyed by bombing.
1937年，日军的侵略给中国三大名校带来了灾难：北京大学、清华大学被日军占领，南开大学被炸弹彻底炸毁。
To save their educational and intellectual heritage, the three universities joined together in Kunming as National Southwest Associated University, otherwise known as Lianda.
为了保护教育和知识遗产，这三所大学在昆明合并成为国立西南联合大学，也就是人们所知的联大。
词句自测
②__________ n. 侵略
③___________ adj. 智力的，脑力的
④__________ adj. 联合的
⑤“主(the three universities)谓(joined)”。To save ... heritage是不定式短语作______状语，in Kunming是地点状语，as National Southwest Associated University是方式状语；otherwise known as Lianda是过去分词短语作__________，修饰National Southwest Associated University。
aggression
intellectual
associated
目的
后置定语
Professors and students alike in the three universities made an epic journey over a distance of more than 2，000 kilometres, most of them on foot.
这三所大学的教授和学生进行了一段史诗般的旅程，行程超过了2，000公里，大部分人步行。
Their bed was the dusty road and their roof was the open sky, often lit up by exploding Japanese bombs.
他们的床是尘土飞扬的道路，屋顶是经常被日本炸弹的爆炸点亮的开阔天空。
Conditions were little better once they reached the remote and mountainous south west part of China.
当他们到达中国偏远多山的西南地区时，情况也好不到哪里去。
They had to live in rough buildings, packed 40 to a room, like sardines.
他们不得不住在简陋的房子里，40人挤在一个房间里，像沙丁鱼一样。
词句自测
⑥_______ adj. 简单的；粗糙的
⑦________ n. 沙丁鱼
rough
sardine
There were dire shortages of food, books, and equipment.
食物、书籍和设备严重短缺。
Furthermore, classes were frequently disrupted due to fierce air attacks and often had to be held before 10 am and after 4 pm.
此外，由于猛烈的空袭，课堂经常中断，经常在上午10点之前和下午4点之后才能上课。
词句自测
⑧_____ adj. 极其严重的
⑨_______ v. 扰乱
dire
disrupt
However, despite the immense hardships and the daunting challenges, it was right in this place, over a period of eight long years, that the nation's intellectual heritage was not only guarded but fortified by the passion and belief of the worthy academics of Lianda.
然而，尽管困难重重、挑战艰巨，正是在这个地方，在长达8年的时间里，我国的知识遗产不仅得到了保护，而且被有热情、有信念的值得尊敬的联大学者们所加强了。
It is no wonder that many, if not most, of China's leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda, including the two Nobel Prize－winning physicists, Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao.
难怪许多(如果不是大多数的话)中国顶尖学者和科学家出现在了联大，其中包括两位诺贝尔物理学奖得主——杨振宁和李政道。
“Lianda laid the foundation for every achievement I have made，” Yang recalled.
“联大为我取得的每一项成就奠定了基础，”杨振宁回忆说。
He still remembers learning in a temporary classroom that had no glass in the windows.
他仍然记得在一间窗户上没有玻璃的临时教室里学习的情景。
“On windy days, we had to hold down the paper on the desk, which would otherwise be blown away，” he said.
他说：“刮风的时候，我们不得不把纸压在桌子上，否则纸就会被风吹走。”
词句自测
⑩________ adj. 吓人的，使人气馁的
_______ v. 激励，加强
_______ v. 出现
“形式主语(It)＋系(is)表(no wonder)＋主语从句(that many ... at Lianda)”。if not most是________，意为 “如果不是大多数的话”。including the two ... Li Zhengdao是介词短语作______。
daunting
fortify
emerge
插入语
状语
With the country at war, students at Lianda were not going to shirk their duty.
国家处于战争状态，联大的学生不会逃避责任。
Driven by a sense of commitment, a great many joined the army to resist the Japanese invaders and defend the honour of the nation.
在责任感的驱使下，许多人参军抵抗日本侵略者，保卫国家的荣誉。
In fact, Lianda provided the largest number of student soldiers from any campus in China.
事实上，在中国的所有大学中，联大提供的学生兵数量是最多的。
Of the thousands of college students from all over China who served as interpreters, one tenth were from Lianda, including the well－known translators Zha Liangzheng and Xu Yuanchong.
全国各地从事翻译工作的数千名大学生中有十分之一来自联大，包括著名的翻译家查良铮和许渊冲。
词句自测
______ v. 逃避
________ n. 侵略者，侵略军
“主(one tenth)系(were)表(from Lianda)”。Of the thousands ... interpreters为介词短语作______，表示范围；who served as interpreters是______从句，修饰先行词students；including ... Xu Yuanchong是介词短语作______。
shirk
invader
状语
定语
状语
Zha later depicted the contributions of his peers in a poem：
后来，查良铮在一首诗中描述了他的同龄人的贡献：
Softly, on the hillside forgotten by all，
A misty rain falls in a gentle breeze；
There is no trace of the footprints of history；
Where brave souls once stood, breathing
new life into the trees.
静静的，在那被遗忘的山坡上，
还下着密雨，还吹着细风；
没有人知道历史曾在此走过；
留下了英灵，
化入树干而滋生。
词句自测
_______ v. 描述，描写
______ n. 同龄人；同辈
______ adj. 多雾的
_______ n. 微风
depict
peer
misty
breeze
A product of the war, Lianda is now physically gone.
作为战争的产物，联大现在已经不在了。
But it has become the crowning glory of China's modern universities, not only because of its prominent professors and talented students, but also because of the school's strong spirit of perseverance and dedication.
但它已成为中国现代大学的最高荣誉，不仅因为它有杰出的教授和富有才华的学生，还因为学校坚强的毅力和奉献精神。
In 2017, representatives from Peking University, Tsinghua University, Nankai University and Yunnan Normal University gathered to commemorate the 80th anniversary of its founding.
2017年，来自北京大学、清华大学、南开大学、云南师范大学的代表聚集在一起，纪念联大建校80周年。
词句自测
21 ________adj. 使圆满的，使完美的
22 _____ n. 辉煌的成就；荣耀的事
23 ________ adj. 著名的，杰出的
24 ________ n. 奉献
25 ___________ n. 代表
26 ____________ v. 庆祝，为……举行纪念活动
27 __________ n. 周年纪念日
crowning
glory
prominent
dedication
representative
commemorate
anniversary
More than eighty years on, the priceless contribution of Lianda still needs to be reaffirmed.
80多年过去了，联大的无价贡献仍然需要得到再次肯定。
It has become part of the collective memory of the Chinese nation, with its spirit as the blueprint for all universities in China in the modern era.
它已经成为中华民族共同记忆的一部分，它的精神是当代所有中国大学的蓝图。
词句自测
28 _______ v. 重申，再次确定
29 ________ adj. 集体的；共同的
30 ________ n. 蓝图
31“主(It)系(has become)表(part of ... Chinese nation)”。with its spirit ... modern era是with的复合结构“with＋名词＋________”，在句中作_____。
reaffirm
collective
blueprint
介词短语
状语
重点合作探究
1 representative n. 代表(教材P44)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①He is regarded as a representative of the youth of his generation.
他被看作他那一代年轻人的代表。
②He is represented as a man of great honour.
他被描述成一个获得极大荣誉的人。
③He represented himself as/to be a true patriot.
他自称是一个真正的爱国者。
(1)选词填空(represent/representative)
①Mother and daughters _________ two generations.
②Are your opinions ____________ of the other students
③The tiger is a _____________ of the cat family.
④The red lines on the map _________ railways.
represent
representative
representative
represent
(2)单句表达
①他自称是工人之友，但现在我们知道真相了。
He ________________________ a friend of the workers, but now we know the truth.
②这幅画是他在那个时期的代表作。
The painting is ________________ his work of the period.
represented himself as/to be
representative of
2 relevant adj. 有关的，切题的(教材P48)
归纳拓展
①I explained the relevant procedure of making tea in detail.
我详细讲解了泡茶的相关流程。
②These issues are directly relevant to the needs of slow learners.
这些问题与慢学习者的需要有直接关系。
③What you say has relevance to what we're talking about.
你说的和我们正在谈论的话题有关。
④His being a good lawyer is irrelevant to what he has learned at school.
他是个优秀的律师，这与他在学校所学的不相关。
名师点津
“与……有关”的其他表达
①be related to ②have sth to do with ③be concerned with ④be involved in
(1)单句语法填空
①The applicant has experience in teaching and, more _________ (relevant), in industry.
②There are additional publications of special __________ (relevant) to new graduates.
relevantly
relevance
(2)单句表达
①这些事实和此案有关。
These facts ___________________________ the case.
②她已搜集了一切有关的信息。
She has gathered all the __________________．
③你现在所说的与正在考虑中的问题毫无关联。
What you are saying _____________________________ the matter in hand.
are relevant to/have relevance to
relevant information
has no relevance to/is irrelevant to
1 It is no wonder that many, if not most, of China's leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda, including the two Nobel Prize－winning physicists, Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao.(教材P43)
难怪即使不是大多数，但也有许多中国领先的学者和科学家都是联大出身，包括两位诺贝尔奖得主，物理学家杨振宁和李政道。
剖析 It is no wonder (that) ... ＝No wonder (that) ... “难怪……；一点也不奇怪……”，It作形式主语，that从句作真正的主语。
归纳 拓展
①He has been working overnight. It's no wonder (that)/No wonder he looks worn out.
他工作了一整夜，难怪他看上去很疲倦。
②They stared at the strange sight in wonder.
他们惊讶地盯着那奇景。
③It is a wonder that he was so punctual this morning.
他今天早晨到得这样准时，真是怪事。
④I'm moving in a few days and I wonder if you could help.
我过几天就要搬进去了，不知道你能不能帮忙。
(1)单句语法填空
①It is a wonder ____ he shouldn't have passed the exam.
②I wonder _________ you could give me some advice on how to learn English.
that
if/whether
(2)单句表达
①我们惊奇地听着爸爸讲故事。
We listened to our father's stories __________．
②短暂的放松能产生奇效。
A few moments of relaxation can _______________．
③很多人赞叹自己周围大自然的美。
Many people ______________ the beauty of nature around them.
in wonder
do/work wonders
wonder at/about
2 “On windy days, we had to hold down the paper on the desk, which would otherwise be blown away，” he said.(教材P43)
“在刮风的日子里，我们不得不把纸按在桌子上，否则纸就会被风吹走。”他说。
剖析 otherwise意为“否则；要不然”，隐含一种条件在里面，又叫含蓄条件句，所在句子常用虚拟语气。
归纳拓展
①I'm really very busy, otherwise I would go shopping with you.
我真的很忙，否则我就和你一起去购物了。
②Without your timely help, I would have never finished the work yesterday.
(要是)没有你及时的帮助，昨天我就绝不可能完成这项工作。
单句语法填空
①They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they ________________ (come) to our help.
②Without my help, she ____________________ (not pass) the exam.
③But for the passer－by’s quick action, the girl _______________________ (drown)．
would have come
would not have passed
could have been drowned
3 Driven by a sense of commitment, a great many joined the army to resist the Japanese invaders and defend the honour of the nation.(教材P43)
在献身精神的驱使下，许多人参军抵抗日本侵略者，保卫国家的荣誉。
剖析 Driven by a sense of commitment是过去分词短语作原因状语，Driven与其逻辑主语a great many之间是动宾关系。
归纳拓展
①Asked (＝When he was asked) how his grade is, he hung the head.
当问他的成绩怎么样的时候，他低下了头。
②Frightened (＝Because he was frightened) by the person, the boy ran to his mother.
由于被那个人吓到了，这个男孩跑向了妈妈。
③Given more attention (＝If it was given more attention), the fire could have been avoided.
如果多加注意，火灾本来可以避免的。
④Left (＝Although she was left) alone at home, Jenny didn't feel afraid at all.
即使珍妮一个人留在家里，她一点也不害怕。
⑤Surrounded by his students, the teacher went into the lab. (＝The teacher was surrounded by his students and went into the lab.)
在学生的簇拥下，老师走进了实验室。
(1)句型转换
①Inspired by what the speaker said, the audience began to cheer.
→Because ________________________ by what the speaker said, they began to cheer.
②Absorbed in books, John didn't notice evening approaching.
→John ________________________ he didn’t notice evening approaching.
the audience were inspired
was absorbed in books and
(2)单句表达
①由于旅途劳顿，他很快就睡着了。
He soon fell asleep, ______________________．
②这些问题被讨论了很多次后，最后被解决了。
___________________， these problems were settled at last.
③再给几分钟的时间，我就能完成了。
_______________________， I'll finish it.
④即使给他解释一百遍，他还是不会明白。
______________________， he still can’t understand it
exhausted by the journey
Discussed many times
Given a few more minutes
Explained a hundred times
课堂效果检测
Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子
1．It was in these studios that young painters found the support and stimulating competition of ______ (同龄人)．
2．Even the red numbers on a digital clock can _______ (扰乱) sleep.
3．China has published ________ (有关的) reports and revealed the truth, and this will help people understand the truth and the rights and wrongs of these events.
4．No sooner had they bought the land than a new problem ________ (出现)．
5．The bench had a ______ (简单的) wooden table in front of it.
peers
disrupt
relevant
emerged
rough
6．High levels of lead could damage the i_________ development of children.
7．A series of movies will be shown to c____________ the 30th anniversary of his death.
8．Children who drank mainly soda were more than twice as likely as those who drank no soda to show signs of a________．
9．Many of our teachers also have a_______ links with some professors of the well known university.
10．He was the Queen’s r___________ at the ceremony.
ntellectual
ommemorate
ggression
cademic
epresentative
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．As a result of ________ (collect) effort, the difficult situation changed into a favourable one.
2．A foreign language is a subject to be studied with attention and _________ (dedicate)．
3．The ______ (glorious) of life, is not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall to repeated attacks.
4．It was so ______ (mist) that we had to feel our way home.
5．In time of war, different parties tend to set aside their political differences to fight against foreign ________ (invade) shoulder to shoulder.
collective
dedication
glory
misty
invaders
6．In children’s minds, winter is always _________ (associate) with skiing, skating and making a snowman.
7．All the _____________ (represent) were in favour of the bill, so it was passed and became a law.
8．Some of the material presented may not be relevant ___ you or your circumstances.
9．We can sum ___ the main point of the lesson in three sentences.
10．When we watch a magic show, we often stare at the magic man ___ wonder, as though he were a vision.
associated
representatives
to
up
in
refer to, join together, light up, serve as, due to
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．The five rings on the Olympic flag stand for the five continents that __________________ in the Olympic Games.
2．Her face ______ with pleasure when she heard the news that her son was admitted to Peking University.
3．He ____________ a volunteer in the UK for two years, which helps him with his work a lot.
are joined together
lit up
has served as
4．The train ______ arrive at 10 am was delayed for 2 hours because of the storm.
5．It’s foolish of you to _______ your notes in such an important test.
due to
refer to
Ⅳ.单句表达
1．我认为他所说的与我们正在讨论的话题无关。
I don’t think what he said ____________ the topic we are discussing.
2．他自称是一个勤勤恳恳、自食其力的小商人。
He ________________________ a hard working and self made small businessman.
3．为了在卧室里腾出地方，她把自己冬天的衣服收拾好拿到了储藏室。
__________________________， she put away her winter clothes and took them to the storeroom.
is relevant to
represented himself as/to be
To make space in the bedroom
4．我有贝蒂的电话号码，不然我昨天就不可能联系上她了。(otherwise)
I have Betty’s phone number, _____________________________________ her yesterday.
5．他成功是不足为奇的。(no wonder)
_______________________________ he should have succeeded.
otherwise I wouldn't have been able to reach
It is no wonder that/No wonder that
课后课时作业
Ⅰ 阅读
I am a Canadian artist living in Victoria. My work focuses on peace. My art helps me find answers, or at least deal with some of the worrying realities of the modern day.
My trips into Baghdad standing for peace caused huge stress to my family and me. It took a few years before I was able to come to accept that whole experience and work out how to continue to work as an artist. I put my energy into creating natural art facilities that awoke a sense of peace in myself and others. I set up my first project in a large field, using a simple mother and child design. I later did two similar, small works, one in Scotland and the other in Baghdad.
I wanted to create something more permanent (永恒的), however, and so I created the Peace Image in Hudson's Hope. It can't be seen very well on the ground these days, because the locals just loved riding over the large piles of dirt. I don't mind that at all. The Peace Image still turns up well from the air and on Google maps though.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一个“和平”艺术家的经历和感受，尤其是在参加巴格达“维和之旅”之后自己的艺术创作也因此受到了影响。
For many years now, I've felt pleased to be able to express myself through my art. In the autumn of 2013, I was encouraged to lead the creation of a Peace Garden art project at Woodwynn Farms in Central Saanich. After everything we had been through, it was such a gift to work closely with my wife, Elizabeth Wellburn, a talented artist. It was and still is a labour of love.
1．What made the author suffer from great pressure
A．His lack of enough money.
B．Some worrying realities.
C．The failure of his first project.
D．His strong support of peace.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“My trips into Baghdad standing for peace caused huge stress to my family and me.(前往巴格达维护和平之旅给我和我的家人带来了巨大的压力。)”可知，让作者感到有压力的是他对于和平的向往。故选D。
2．Why did the author create the Peace Image
A．To produce a more lasting thing.
B．To raise people's awareness of peace.
C．To make people remember him.
D．To satisfy local people's requirement.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I wanted to create ... in Hudson's Hope.”可知，作者创作和平形象的原因是想要创造出一件更持久的东西。故选A。
3．How does the author feel about his own artistic works
A．Doubtful. B．Discouraged.
C．Satisfied. D．Confident.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“For many years now, I've felt pleased to be able to express myself through my art.”可推知，作者对于自己的作品是满意的。故选C。
4．What is a suitable title for the text
A．An Artist Concentrating on Peace Design
B．The Life Story of a Canadian Artist
C．Artistic Works Meaning a Labour of Love
D．An Unforgettable Experience
解析：标题判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“I am a Canadian artist living in ... the modern day.”可知，本文主要讲述了这位艺术家在维护和平方面的创作和感受。故选A。
Ⅱ 七选五
Niki Lauda will always be remembered, not only for his performance on the racetrack but also for his recovery in the face of tragedy (悲剧). This Austrian superstar chased his dreams interrupted many times, but astonished people with his unbelievable comebacks. Lauda's story is a totally moving film and it will have you supporting him every step of the way.
__1__ So when a young Niki Lauda decided his passion was racing, his Austrian parents were far from pleased. Rebellious (叛逆的) from the very beginning, he was against his family's wishes and pursued his dreams anyway. But little did he know, __2__
Lauda's career didn't truly take off until he proved himself at the 1975 German Grand Prix (大奖赛). However, when it came to the next German Grand Prix, the true nightmare began. During the race, Lauda crashed into an embankment. His vehicle caught fire! Not only had he sustained terrible burns to his face, but he had also absorbed toxic fumes, damaging his lungs and blood. Because of the injuries, he later fell into a coma. __3__ Against all odds, he survived.
Although he'd managed to escape from death, Lauda's injuries were extensive. He'd lost his eyelids, his eyebrows, most of his right ear, and the majority of his hair. Because of the intense scarring, Lauda would never look the same again. __4__ A mere six weeks after this terrible event, Lauda was back in the game. With his head wrapped in bloody bandages, he faced his fears. Driving through the pain, he still managed to place fourth.
Niki Lauda's career is a testament to the human spirit. He never once doubted his passion or his love for racecar driving, and despite his many struggles, he managed to prove himself as one of the greatest racecar drivers of all time—__5__
A．Still, he never gave up.
B．But Lauda wasn't a dead man yet.
C．Giving up is something Lauda doesn't do.
D．Still, his looks were the least of his worries.
E．Lauda's behavior is always beyond expectation.
F．A career in racecar driving is risky and dangerous.
G．Lauda's path would be far more dangerous than he ever expected.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Niki Lauda (尼基·劳达)在他的赛车生涯中经历挫折永不言败的故事。
1．答案：F
解析：根据下文“So when a young Niki Lauda decided his passion was racing, his Austrian parents were far from pleased.”可知，Niki Lauda的决定引起了父母的不满，F项(开赛车是非常危险的职业。)与下文构成因果关系。故选F。
2．答案：G
解析：根据上文“Rebellious (叛逆的) from the very beginning, he was against his family's wishes and pursued his dreams anyway.”可知，Lauda不顾家人反对，开始了赛车生涯。“But little did he know”与上文构成转折，由此可推知，G项(Lauda的赛车生涯比他预想的要危险得多。)符合题意。故选G。
3．答案： B
解析：根据上文“Because of the injuries, he later fell into a coma.”可知，他命悬一线，结合下文“Against all odds, he survived.”可知，虽然受伤严重，但他还是活了下来。B项(但是Lauda并没有死。)承上启下。故选B。
4．答案： D
解析：根据上文“Because of the intense scarring, Lauda would never look the same again.”可知，他的容貌受损，结合下文“A mere six weeks after this terrible event, Lauda was back in the game.”可知，毁容的事情并没有打击他开赛车的决心，由此可推知，他并不在意自己的外貌。D项(尽管如此，他的外貌是他最不在意的。)承上启下。故选D。
解析：上文“He never once ... of all time(他从未怀疑过自己对开赛车的热情和热爱，尽管困难重重，他都设法证明自己是有史以来最伟大的赛车手之一)”总结了Lauda永不言弃的品质，C项(放弃是Lauda绝不会做的事。)照应上文，表明了Niki Lauda是一个永不放弃的人。故选C。
5．答案：C
Ⅲ 应用文写作
假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Peter偶然看到你校的“红色文化”研学之旅照片，写信向你询问有关情况。请你给他回信，内容包括：
1．研学地点；
2．主要研学活动；
3．你的体会。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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[精彩范文]
Dear Peter，
In your last letter, you wanted to know about our “Red Culture” study trip. I want to tell you that it was truly an educational and unforgettable experience.
The destination of our “red culture” study tour was Yan'an, the holy land of revolution, where we visited some of the great historical meeting sites and some of the former homes of revolutionaries. In addition, an old Red Army solider explained historical stories to us. Also, we took pictures with the old Red Army solider to express our respect for the revolutionary predecessors.
This “red culture” study trip has not only enriched our knowledge of history and culture but also strengthened our awareness of patriotism.
Yours，
Li Hua
