英语 选择性必修 第三册 WY
Period Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Artificial Intelligence：
A REAL THREAT
人工智能：
一个真实的威胁？
In the words of Professor Stephen Hawking, artificial intelligence will be “either the best, or the worst thing, ever to happen to humanity”．
用史蒂芬·霍金教授的话来说，人工智能将是“人类有史以来最好的，或者是最坏的事情”。
Technology of Tomorrow Forum wants to hear your thoughts on AI.
明日科技论坛想听听你对人工智能的看法。
Is it our greatest human achievement so far
这是我们人类迄今为止最伟大的成就吗？
Or is it the biggest threat to our existence
还是说它是对我们生存的最大威胁呢？
词句自测 ①artificial adj. 人造的，人工的 ②artificial__intelligence 人工智能 ③humanity n. 人类
Millenniumbutterfly
千禧蝴蝶
Thanks to AI, I've got my own super smart personal assistant built into my phone.
多亏了人工智能，我的手机里有了我自己的超级智能个人助理。
She always has an immediate answer for any question I put to her, and even uses my answers to learn more about my preferences.
对于我提出的任何问题，她都能立即给出答案，甚至还会用我的答案来了解更多关于我的偏好。
词句自测 ④assistant n. 助手，助理
It used to feel like 50 per cent of my time was spent researching new restaurants.
过去，我感觉自己有50%的时间都花在了研究新餐馆上。
In contrast, my PA only needs a few seconds to find the right place.
相比之下，我的个人助理只需要几秒钟就能找到正确的地方。
Every recommendation she gives me is great since she can predict if I will like a particular restaurant.
她给我的每一个推荐都很好，因为她可以预测我是否会喜欢某一家餐厅。
词句自测 ⑤“主句(Every recommendation she gives me is great)＋原因状语从句(since she can ... restaurant)”。主句结构为“主(Every recommendation)系(is)表(great)”，其中she gives me是定语从句，修饰先行词recommendation。从句结构为“主(she)谓(can predict)＋宾语从句(if I will like a particular restaurant)”。
And speaking of hanging out, I'm hoping that self－driving cars are available soon.
说到出去玩，我希望不久能有自动驾驶汽车。
I've been taking driving lessons for over a year, and still haven't got my licence.
我已经上驾驶课一年多了，但仍然没拿到驾驶证。
Self－driving cars can learn to drive in the same way that we do, and can make judgements based on information.
自动驾驶汽车可以像我们一样学习驾驶，并且可以根据信息做出判断。
And as they won't be susceptible to human error, they'll certainly be a lot safer.
由于它们不会受到人为错误的影响，它们肯定会安全得多。
The only thing is that there might be a few machine－learning problems when the first cars hit the market, so perhaps I'd better learn to drive first.
唯一的问题是，当第一批汽车上市的时候，可能会有一些机器学习的问题，所以也许我最好还是先学会开车。
Still, I do think that developments in AI will on the whole make doing day－to－day things a lot easier.
不过，总体而言，我确实认为，人工智能的发展将使日常工作变得容易得多。
词句自测 ⑥susceptible adj. 易受影响的
Popkid
潮流小孩
The technology you're using and enjoying today is a basic form of AI which can't think independently without programming.
你今天使用和享受的技术是人工智能的基本形式，它没有编程就无法独立思考。
Of course, it could be very useful to have a more advanced form of AI—a truly independent form of artificial intelligence, capable of exercising its own judgement, could help us solve many of the world's problems.
当然，拥有一种更高级的人工智能形式可能非常有用——一种真正独立的人工智能形式，能够运用自己的判断，帮助我们解决世界上的许多问题。
But have you ever thought about the risks
但是你考虑过风险吗？
After all, why would an independent form of AI need to consider the opinions and desires of humans
毕竟，为什么一个独立的人工智能形式需要考虑人类的意见和愿望？
We could be seen as a “small” inconvenience that's in the way of a solution to a bigger problem.
我们可能会被看作是在解决一个更大问题道路上的一个“小小的”麻烦。
If we're lucky, AI might think we're valuable enough to keep around.
如果我们幸运的话，人工智能可能会认为我们足够有价值，可以留下来。
If not, it might wipe us all out!
如果没有，它可能会把我们都消灭！
词句自测 ⑦“主(The technology)系(is)表(a basic form of AI)”。you're using and enjoying today是定语从句，修饰先行词technology; which can't think independently without programming是定语从句，修饰先行词AI。
Even if that doesn't happen, there are other risks.
即使这种情况不会发生，也存在其他风险。
Millenniumbutterfly, you say how great it would be to have self－driving cars, but what about all the taxi drivers who would lose their jobs
千禧蝴蝶，你说拥有自动驾驶汽车有多好，但是所有将失去工作的出租车司机该怎么办？
They would just be among the first victims of AI.
他们将是人工智能的第一批受害者。
Nearly every job is potentially at risk in the long run.
从长远来看，几乎每个工作都存在潜在的风险。
词句自测 ⑧victim n. 受害者 ⑨potentially adv. 潜在地
Even journalists are now being replaced with technology that can write basic news reports.
甚至记者现在也正在被能够撰写基本新闻报道的技术所取代。
As it is, almost 50 per cent of US jobs are at risk from automation in the next 20 years.
事实上，未来20年，美国近50%的就业岗位将面临自动化的风险。
The truth is that none of us is prepared for the challenges of AI.
事实上，我们没有人准备好迎接人工智能的挑战。
词句自测 ⑩automation n. 自动化
Pink_haze
粉色烟雾
Machine learning is something we have come to accept as a part of our modern world.
作为我们现代世界的一部分，机器学习是我们已经接受的事物。
I believe most of the value of AI lies in its capacity to analyse and interpret vast amounts of data, which means it can even solve problems that are too challenging for human experts.
我相信人工智能的大部分价值在于它能够分析和解释大量数据的能力，这意味着它甚至可以解决对于人类专家来说具有挑战性的问题。
词句自测 capacity n. 能力，才能 analyse v. 分析 “主(I)谓(believe)＋宾语从句(most of the ... of data)”。which means ... experts是非限制性定语从句，it can even solve problems是宾语从句，that are too challenging for human experts是定语从句，修饰先行词problems。
But while super intelligent AI could be the biggest leap forward in human history, if it goes wrong or falls into the wrong hands, it could also be the most dangerous.
然而，尽管超级智能的人工智能可能是人类历史上最大的飞跃，但如果出错或落入坏人之手，它也可能是最危险的。
However, AI is not going to go away.
然而，人工智能不会消失。
We have no choice but to embrace it and regulate it.
我们别无选择，只能接受并监管它。
One thing I think we all agree on, though, is that saying “My AI did it！” won't be any excuse for illegal or immoral behaviour!
不过，我想我们都同意的一点就是“这是我的人工智能做的！”不会成为任何非法或不道德行为的借口！
词句自测 leap n. 剧变 regulate v. 控制，管理 illegal adj. 非法的，违法的 immoral adj. 不道德的，道德败坏的 “让步状语从句(while ... history)＋主句(if ... dangerous)”。主句的结构为“条件状语从句(if ... hands)＋主句(it ... dangerous)”；it goes wrong中的goes为系动词，其后接形容词wrong作表语。
1 assistant n. 助手，助理(教材P50)
归纳拓展
①The manager is now in need of a capable assistant that he can count on to take care of problems in his absence.
经理现在正需要一个有能力的助手，能在他不在的时候解决问题。
②Do you often assist your mother in/with the housework
你经常帮助妈妈做家务吗？
③I waited patiently hoping that someone would come to my assistance.
我耐心地等着，希望有人会来帮我。
④The translations were carried out with the assistance of a medical dictionary.
这些翻译是借助一本医学词典进行的。
⑤He was of great assistance to me in researches for my books.
在我为我的书进行研究时，他提供了很大的帮助。
(1)单句语法填空
①Since 1976 he has been operating the shop ________ the assistance of volunteers.
②The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an ________ (assist)．
答案：①with ②assistant
(2)句型转换
With the assistance of Mary, I finished the work.
→Mary assisted me ____________ the work.
→Mary assisted me ____________ the work.
答案：in finishing; to finish
2 victim n. 受害者(教材P52)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①She was the victim of the road accident.
她是这起交通事故的受害者。
②Worse, plans for reform may fall victim to the government's fear of giving markets free rein.
更糟糕的是，改革计划也许会成为政府害怕放任市场自由的受害者。
(1)单句语法填空
①The volunteers aim to help ________ (victim) of disasters regardless of their race or nationality.
②He was ________ victim of racial prejudice.
答案：①victims ②a
(2)单句表达
小心别成为网络银行诈骗案的受害者。
Be careful not to ________________ online banking fraud.
答案：fall victim to
3 potentially adv. 潜在地(教材P52)
归纳拓展
①Sunburn is painful and potentially dangerous.
晒伤不仅疼，还有潜在危险。
②As teachers, we should realize students' potential.
作为老师，我们应该认识到学生的潜力。
③He has the potential to become a world class musician.
他有潜力成为世界级的音乐家。
④Some specialists say they hold untapped potential for public health.
某些专家认为，它们在公共卫生方面的潜能尚未被挖掘出来。
⑤First, we need to identify actual and potential problems.
首先，我们需要弄清楚实际的问题和潜在的问题。
单句语法填空
①The effects of global warming, while not immediate, are ________ (potential) catastrophic.
②This is one of the best ways to build your ________ (potentially) customer list.
③Some scientists are examining the potential ________ harvesting icebergs from Antarctica.
答案：①potentially ②potential ③for
4 capacity n. 能力，才能(教材P52)
归纳拓展
①Her mental capacity and temperament are as remarkable as his.
她的才智和气质和他一样出众。
②He has a capacity for learning maths.
他有学习数学的能力。
③The fuel tank has a capacity of 12 gallons.
这个燃料箱的容量为十二加仑。
(1)单句语法填空
①The airport to be completed next year will have the capacity ________ (handle) 500，000 passengers.
②That bowl has a capacity ________ two pints.
答案：①to handle ②of
(2)单句表达
他学习语言的能力非常强。
________________ languages is very strong.
答案：His capacity to learn/for learning
5 analyse v. 分析(教材P52)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①The report at the conference analyses in detail why a new legal framework is needed to better protect the environment.
会议上的报告详细分析了为什么需要一个新的法律框架来更好地保护环境。
②Blood samples were sent to the laboratory for analysis.
血样被送到实验室进行分析。
(1)单句语法填空
We agreed with his acute ________ (analyse) of the political situation.
答案：analysis
(2)单句表达
①我们应该分析这场事变的因果。
We should ______________________________ of this event.
②我建议对我们的海外市场进行分析。
I suggest we ________________________ of our overseas markets.
答案：①analyse the cause and effect ②(should) carry out/do/make/give an analysis
hang out 常去某处；闲逛(教材P51)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①If you can't get to the nursing home to visit grandma, you can use a telepresence robot to hang out with her.
如果你不能去疗养院看望奶奶，你可以用远程呈现机器人和她一起外出。
②It's hard work but if you hang on you'll succeed in the end.
这是一项艰苦的工作，但如果你坚持下去，你最终会成功的。
③You hang around here in case he comes, and I'll go on ahead.
你在这附近守着以防万一他来了，我继续往前走。
④He hung up on me.
他挂断了我的电话。
单句表达
①抓紧那根绳子，别松手。
________________ that rope and don't let go.
②我不能再闲逛了——老板要见我。
I can't ______________—the boss wants to see me.
③电话占线了，话务员问我是否愿意等一下(别挂断电话)。
The line was engaged and the operator asked if I'd like to ____________．
答案：①Hang on to ②hang out/about/around ③hang on
1 In the words of Professor Stephen Hawking, artificial intelligence will be “either the best, or the worst thing, ever to happen to humanity”．(教材P50) 用斯蒂芬·霍金教授的话说，人工智能将是“人类有史以来最好或最坏的事情”。
剖析 either ... or ...意为“或者……，或者……；要么……，要么……；不是……就是……”。它可以连接两个并列成分，如谓语动词、名词、代词、不定式或分词、介词短语等。
归纳拓展
①I left the book either on the table or in the drawer.
我把书不是放在桌子上，就是放在抽屉里了。
②Either you or I am going there tomorrow.
明天要么你去那里，要么我去那里。
③As a matter of fact, not you but he is to blame.
事实上，不是你，而是他该受责备。
单句语法填空
①Not only the students but also their teacher ________ (enjoy) the film now.
②Neither my wife nor my parents ________ (be) able to persuade my daughter to change her mind and finally she joined in the game.
③Either you or one of your students ________ (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
答案：①is enjoying ②were ③is
2 I've been taking driving lessons for over a year, and still haven't got my licence.(教材P51) 我已经上驾驶课一年多了，但仍然没有拿到驾照。
剖析 have been taking是现在完成进行时。
归纳拓展
①Because of illness, he has been lying in bed all day.
由于生病，他整天都躺在床上。
②They have been building the bridge for two months.
两个月来他们一直在建桥。
③I have been waiting to see you for a long time.
长久以来，我一直等着见你。
易混辨析：现在完成进行时/现在完成时
时态 基本语法功能 动作的反复 感彩
现在完成进行时 表示动作的持续 可表示动作的反复 可表示强烈的感彩
现在完成时 表示动作对现在的影响或产生的结果 不表示动作的反复 一般不含有感彩
名师点津 表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。 I have known him for years. (√) I have been knowing him for years. (×) 我认识他已经好几年了。
单句语法填空
①All these years these talented writers ________ (contribute) articles to our magazine.
②I ________ (write) the book, but I still ________ (not finish) it.
③They ________ never ________ (learn) to swim.
④We ________ (look) forward to our summer vacation.
答案：①have been contributing ②have been writing; haven't finished ③have; learnt ④have been looking
3 As it is, almost 50 per cent of US jobs are at risk from automation in the next 20 years.(教材P52) 实际上，在未来20年中，美国有将近50%的工作会受到自动化的威胁。
剖析 as引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如……”。
归纳拓展
①It's the same person as we wanted to find yesterday.
这个人和我们昨天想找的人是同一个人。
②As everyone knows, China is a country with a long history.
众所周知，中国是一个历史悠久的国家。
③He is absorbed in work, as he often is.
他正在全神贯注地工作，他经常这样。
④He forgot to bring his pen with him, as was often the case.
他忘了带笔，这是常事。
单句表达
①我们都知道，马克·吐温是一位伟大的美国作家。
____________________， Mark Twain is a great American writer.
②这个电脑和我哥哥昨天买的一样。
This is the same computer ______________________________．
答案：①As we all know/is known to us ②as my brother bought yesterday
Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子
1．Man has an internal clock that ________ (控制) the beating of heart, and the pace of breathing.
答案：regulates
2．This new product, containing no ________ (人造的) flavors and coloring agents, attracts a number of white－collar clerks.
答案：artificial
3．Young people are the most ________ (易受影响的) to advertisements.
答案：susceptible
4．The flood having destroyed everything, the ________ (受害者) became homeless and could only live temporarily in shelters.
答案：victims
5．Contemporary art has taken a huge ________ (剧变) forward in the last five or six years.
答案：leap
6．A shopper rarely speaks to a shop a________ except to ask for help or information, but this is not the case in some countries.
答案：assistant
7．Factories and businesses could use 5G technology to increase a________ and improve the collection of information.
答案：automation
8．We should develop the students' ability to a________ and solve problems.
答案：analyse
9．Our c________ for innovation is not strong, and our weakness in terms of core technologies for key fields remains a vital problem.
答案：capacity
10．Protecting the environment is a responsibility of h________．
答案：humanity
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The three young ________ (assist) worked all night to get everything finished.
答案：assistants
2．Not you but I ________ (be) to blame for the mistake.
答案：am
3．Maria ________ (learn) English for two years and she still practices every day.
答案：has been learning
4．We should take care of the blind and it is ________ (moral) to make fun of them.
答案：immoral
5．It is ________ (legal) for a public official to ask people for gifts or money in exchange for favors to them.
答案：illegal
6．More of us are using headphones in noisier environments, where we may turn up the volume to ________ (potential) dangerous levels.
答案：potentially
7．________ we all know, you're a wonderful person.
答案：As
8．The government's proposals for ________ (regulate) of the food industry were widely supported.
答案：regulation
9．As a scientist, he has the capacity ________ doing important researches.
答案：of
10．It seems we have no choice but ________ (trust) each other.
答案：to trust
Ⅲ.选词填空
thanks to, wipe out, in contrast, hang out, on the whole
1．Experts say if the island is not protected, the spill could ____________ the gulf's turtle population.
答案：wipe out
2．Reminded not to ____________ at midnight, the boy headed home soon.
答案：hang out
3．Linda is careless sometimes, but ____________， she is a hard－working student.
答案：on the whole
4．As you know, anger doesn't help in 99% of situations; ____________， it usually makes things worse.
答案：in contrast
5．____________ advances in technology, how we make friends and communicate with them has changed significantly.
答案：Thanks to
Ⅳ.单句表达
1．我过去经常在超市里闲逛。
I often used to ____________ in supermarkets.
答案：hang out/about/around
2．自从我们到这所学校后，就一直在学英语。
We ____________________ since we came to this school.
答案：have been learning English
3．他只能靠拐杖走路。
He can walk only ____________________ crutches.
答案：with the assistance of
4．今天下午或者是你或者是他必须待在家照顾奶奶。(either ... or ... 的主谓一致)
____________________________________ to look after grandmother this afternoon.
答案：Either you or he has to stay at home
5．众所周知，你没有必要为他人改变你自己。(as引导定语从句)
You don't have to change yourself for others, ________________________．
答案：as we all know/is known to all
课后课时作业(一)
Ⅰ 阅读
A
Robots are known as the future of technology. Robotics technology has just landed in the workplace and there is a lot of work to do. Below we'll discuss some of the best and most advanced robots ever made by humans.
Asimo
The primary focus of the robot is to help people. Asimo travels all around the world, making people aware of how robots can make life easier and help humans. It can dance, run and even kick a soccer ball. The robot can communicate with people in three different languages including Japanese, Chinese and English.
Created by: Honda (Japan)
Sophia
It is a realistic example of a perfect robot because it has about 50 different facial expressions just like humans. Sophia is primarily designed for education, research and entertainment. It travels throughout the world explaining to people the importance of robots in human life.
Created by: Hanson Robotics (China)
Atlas
Its body shape is so dynamic that it can use its all body skills to move quickly and balance itself on diverse terrains. The robot is capable of performing many different tasks but some favourite tasks are running, jumping and turnover movements. Its advanced AI systems make it capable of seeing barriers and negotiating through diverse terrains.
Created by: Boston Dynamics (United States)
Spot
Spot is an animal robot, or say a dog robot, because it looks very similar to a dog. Spot can search around your office, home, playground etc. as a normal dog usually does. Spot has some outstanding functions like it can map your environment, sense barriers, lift packages and more.
Created by: Boston Dynamics (United States)
篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了目前人类发明的最先进的四个机器人。
1．Which of the following characterizes Asimo
A．Its high speed.
B．Its facial expressions.
C．Its language ability.
D．Its communication skills.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据Asimo部分中的“The robot can communicate with ... Chinese and English.”可知，这个机器人具有语言能力这一特征。故选C。
2．Which robot is created by China
A．Asimo. B．Sophia.
C．Atlas. D．Spot.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据Sophia部分中的“Created by: Hanson Robotics (China)”可知，这个机器人由中国制造。故选B。
3．What do Atlas and Spot have in common
A．They can change their body shapes.
B．They can carry small packages.
C．They can help do some housework.
D．They can detect barriers around.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据Atlas部分中的“Its advanced AI systems make it capable of seeing barriers”以及Spot部分中的“Spot has some outstanding functions ... lift packages and more.”可知，这两个机器人的相同之处在于能探测周围的障碍物。故选D。
B
People have speculated (思索) for centuries about a future without work. Some imagine that the coming work free world will be defined by inequality: A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in a wasteland. A different prediction holds that without jobs to give their lives meaning, future people will simply become lazy and depressed.
But it doesn't necessarily follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with dissatisfaction. Such visions are based on the downsides of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the absence of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could provide strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure.
These days, spare time is relatively rare for most workers. “When I come home from a hard day's work, I often feel tired，” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland, adding, “In a world in which I don't have to work, I might feel rather different—perhaps different enough to throw myself into a hobby with the enthusiasm usually reserved for professional matters.”
Daniel Everett, an anthropologist (人类学家) at Bentley University studied a group of hunter gathers in the Amazon called the Piraha for years. According to Everett, while some might consider hunting and gathering work, hunter gatherers don't. “They think of it as fun，” he says. “They don't have a concept of work the way we do.”
Everett described a typical clay for the Piraha: A man might get up, spend a few hours fishing, have a barbecue, and play until the evening. Does this relaxing life lead to the depression and purposelessness seen among so many of today's unemployed “I've never seen anything like depression there, except people who are physically ill，” Everett says. While many may consider work necessary for human life, work as it exists today is a relatively new invention in the course of human culture. “We think it's bad to just sit around with nothing to do，” says Everett. “For the Piraha, it's quite a desirable state.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。作者围绕不用工作的未来是什么样子而展开讨论，并介绍了人们对此产生的不同观点。
4．What might be some people's attitude towards the work free world
A．Objective. B．Negative.
C．Skeptical. D．Cautious.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Some imagine that ... future people will simply become lazy and depressed.”可知，有些人对不用工作的世界所持有的态度可能是消极的。故选B。
5．What does the underlined word “downsides” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Risks. B．Losses.
C．Challenges. D．Disadvantages.
答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。画线词前的“Such visions”指的是第一段中的消极观点，结合画线词后的“being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment”可知，在以就业为基础的社会中，失业肯定是不好的事情。由此判断，第一种观点是基于不用工作的缺点展开的。由此可推知，画线词downsides意为“缺点”。故选D。
6．John Danaher might agree that ________．
A．work plays an important role in our future life
B．people don't know how to balance work and life
C．people's work free future life will be full of charm
D．higher unemployment makes life tougher for workers
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中John Danaher (约翰·丹纳赫)所说的话“In a world in which I don't have to work ... professional matters. (在一个我不必工作的世界里，我可能会感到大不相同——也许不同到足以让我以通常用于处理工作事务的热情全身心投入到一项爱好中去。)”可推知，John Danaher可能会同意，人们未来不用工作的生活将充满魅力。故选C。
7．Why is Daniel Everett's study mentioned
A．To justify John Danaher's opinion.
B．To show a future life without work.
C．To compare different views on work.
D．To introduce the Piraha in the Amazon.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。第三段讲述了John Danaher对于未来的观点，人们未来不用工作的生活将充满魅力，接下来阐述Daniel Everett (丹尼尔·埃弗雷特)的例子，通读文章最后两段可推知，Daniel Everett的研究内容佐证了John Danaher的观点。故选A。
Ⅱ 七选五
Harvesting fruits is a very demanding job. If pickers are not available, fruits will rot on the trees. But with pickers in short supply in recent years, growers need to quickly find another way to harvest their fruits. __1__
An Israeli company Tevel has developed these flying autonomous robots. The robots fly over a tree and pick fruits with their arms. They are fitted with cameras that use AI to assess the size and color of the fruit. __2__ In addition, they can collect more fruits than a picker during a given time.
__3__ The flying robots are connected to a platform that acts as the power source so that they never run out of power. They will work all day and night in any weather without taking a break.
Dozens of these smart robots can be used across an orchard during the time when the fruit is ready to be harvested. The farmers just need to tell the company how many flying robots they need and how long they will use. __4__
The robots are now picking pears in Israel. The company also plans to add more tasks to the robots' function. __5__ In the future, fewer people will work in picking and more people will work in managing the robots, analyzing the data and making decisions.
A．So only the ripe ones are collected.
B．Now a new type of robot can come to their help.
C．Finding fruit pickers is farmers' biggest concern.
D．They can receive timely information from the robots.
E．Another advantage of the robots is that they never feel tired.
F．Then the company will transport the robots to their orchards.
G．For example, they can be used to cut off branches and water fruits.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了以色列的Tevel公司开发了可以帮助果农采摘水果的自动飞行机器人。
1．答案：B
解析：根据上文“But with pickers ... harvest their fruits. (但近年来由于采摘工人供不应求，种植者需要迅速找到另一种收获水果的方法。)”可知，此处应介绍一种可以帮助农民采摘水果的机器人。B项(现在，一种新型机器人可以帮助他们。)符合语境。故选B。
2．答案：A
解析：根据上文“They are fitted with ... color of the fruit.”可知，此处应说明机器人要采摘什么样的水果。A项(所以只收集成熟的水果。)符合语境。故选A。
3．答案：E
解析：根据下文“They will work all day and night in any weather without taking a break. (它们将在任何天气下没日没夜地工作，从不休息。)”可知，E项(机器人的另一个优点是它们从不感到疲劳。)符合语境。故选E。
4．答案：F
解析：根据上文“The farmers just need to ... how long they will use.”可知，采摘水果前，农民们只需要告诉公司他们需要多少飞行机器人，他们将使用多长时间。F项(然后公司将把机器人运送到他们的果园。)承接上文。故选F。
5．答案：G
解析：根据上文“The company also plans to add more tasks to the robots' function.”可知，此处应介绍该公司为机器人增加的功能和任务。G项(例如，它们可以用来剪树枝和浇水。)符合语境。故选G。
课后课时作业(二)
Ⅰ 阅读
The AI chatbot phenomenon ChatGPT is changing the world and has kicked off a new global AI race, but couldn't it replace humans
ChatGPT is one of the hottest topics in tech right now, the AI－powered chatbot attracted over 100 million users just two months after launch in late November. So, what is it The GPT bit stands for Generative Pre Trained Transformer. It's a form of AI capable of understanding human language and generating surprisingly detailed and coherent answers to questions in a conversational format. ChatGPT is so good that people are using it to write essays, draft scripts, pass exams and correct computer code, all of which it can do within seconds. Some have even asked the Chatbot for psychological counselling or to create personalized weight loss plans.
But what does the advent of ChatGPT mean for ordinary people The__elephant__in__the__room is whether it will eventually replace humans in some jobs. Universal access to a capable and versatile AI powered digital assistant would significantly boost productivity in many sectors. Teachers are now using ChatGPT to write presentations, and product managers are using it to create marketing campaigns. As with any disruptive technology, ChatGPT will change the labor landscape. The jobs most immediately at threat include customer service, computer programming, graphic design, and content creation. We have already seen AI technology replacing translators and interpreters. However, notably the impact of ChatGPT on education cannot be overstated. One study even found that 89 percent of US college students admitted using ChatGPT for their assignments. Some public schools have banned ChatGPT outright and some science journals now prohibit listing ChatGPT as a co author on papers.
So, the healthy development of this kind of technology will depend on enforcing honest, safe and responsible use. This will likely be a global undertaking for multiple governments, companies and academia working in collaboration.
篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕“聊天机器人ChatGPT能否取代人类”而展开。
1．What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about ChatGPT
A．Its practical applications.
B．Its working theory.
C．Its language model.
D．Its development process.
答案：A
解析：段落大意题。根据第二段中的“ChatGPT is so good ... do within seconds.(ChatGPT非常好用，人们用它来写论文、起草脚本、通过考试和修正计算机代码，所有这些都可以在几秒钟内完成。)”可知，第二段主要告诉我们关于ChatGPT的实际应用。故选A。
2．What does the underlined phrase “The elephant in the room” mean
A．The biggest advantage at present.
B．The toughest problem which is beyond our capability.
C．The obvious truth which is often ignored.
D．The necessity of developing AI tools.
答案：C
解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“But what does the advent of ChatGPT mean for ordinary people？”及“The jobs ... replacing translators and interpreters.”可知，本段是描述ChatGPT的出现对普通人的影响，事实是它会在某些工作中取代人类，由此可推知，画线部分意为“显而易见却又容易被忽略的事实”。故选C。
3．Which is not one of the first occupations to be threatened by ChatGPT
A．Computer programming. B．Translators.
C．Designers. D．Customer service.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“As with any disruptive technology ... and content creation.(与任何颠覆性技术一样，ChatGPT将改变劳动力格局。最直接受到威胁的工作包括客户服务、计算机编程、平面设计和内容创作。)”可知，翻译不是直接受到ChatGPT威胁的工作。故选B。
4．According to the text, what's the attitude of some science journals towards the papers you accomplish with ChatGPT
A．Suspicious. B．Neutral.
C．Opposed. D．Critical.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Some public schools have banned ChatGPT ... a co author on papers.(一些公立学校已经完全禁止使用ChatGPT，一些科学期刊现在禁止将ChatGPT列为论文的共同作者。)”可推知，一些科学期刊对ChatGPT持反对态度。故选C。
Ⅱ 完形填空
I am an imaginative girl. I have always been __1__ about the future just like the great novelist, Liu Cixin.
What will life be like in the future What will happen to humans and other living things When I was a little girl, I often thought about these questions and drew __2__ of my imaginary future life in my album.
How will people in the future __3__？ Perhaps there will be cities underground, in the air or in the sea, where there will be new kinds of __4__ like underground express trains, airships and undersea trains. With __5__ technology, we may even be able to fly on a broom, just like Harry Potter.
Living conditions will also certainly __6__. Just imagine such a house in __7__ it feels like spring all year because of an intelligent thermostat. All complicated and boring chores will be __8__ by a robot.
As for travel, it may be possible to travel through time and space freely. What if there were time machines to travel to any time in history If I could __9__ a time machine, I would go to the age of dinosaurs and take them to the __10__. By that time, more and more people would __11__ dinosaurs as pets—you might even see people walk dinosaurs in the streets.
Maybe one day, riding flying dinosaurs to fly to schools in cities in the sky will be common. All kinds of creatures will work and play with us. What a harmonious world it will be!
However, as science and technology __12__， pollution may become more serious, and then people will need to __13__ new planets to live on. At the same time, human beings may __14__ become too dependent on science and technology, but I'm __15__ that we can solve these problems step by step.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。作为一个拥有丰富想象力的人，作者对人们未来的生活展开了想象，同时也预测了未来可能出现的一些问题。
1．A.careful B．worried
C．positive D．curious
答案：D
解析：根据后文“about the future”以及“What will life be like in the future？”可知，作者一直对未来充满好奇。be curious about “对……好奇”。故选D。
2．A.books B．pictures
C．photos D．diaries
答案：B
解析：根据前文“drew”可知，作者小时候经常画出自己想象的图片。故选B。
3．A.shop B．live
C．work D．play
答案：B
解析：根据后文“Perhaps there will be cities ... just like Harry Potter.”可知，此处是在提问未来的人们将如何生活。故选B。
4．A.shelters B．behavior
C．transportation D．adventures
答案：C
解析：shelter 庇护所；behavior 行为；transportation 交通工具；adventure 冒险。根据后文“like underground express trains, airships and undersea trains”可知，作者在想象未来有哪些交通工具。故选C。
5．A.fast B．official
C．advanced D．global
答案：C
解析：根据后文“we may even be able to fly on a broom”可知，有了先进的技术，人们甚至可以骑着扫帚飞行。故选C。
6．A.remain B．exchange
C．suffer D．change
答案：D
解析：根据后文“it feels like spring all year because of an intelligent thermostat”可知，作者设想了未来的生活条件发生的变化。故选D。
7．A.where B．that
C．which D．who
答案：C
解析：句意：想象一下这样的房子，因为有了智能恒温器，住在里面感觉一年都像春天。此处为“介词＋关系代词”结构引导的定语从句，修饰先行词house，作介词in的宾语，指物，应用which引导。故选C。
8．A.done B．stared
C．controlled D．made
答案：A
解析：根据前文“All complicated and boring chores will be”可知，此处是指家务都将由机器人来做。故选A。
9．A.stop B．use
C．help D．deliver
答案：B
解析：根据后文“a time machine, I would go to the age of dinosaurs”可知，作者假设自己如果能够使用时光机，就会去恐龙时代。故选B。
10．A.future B．present
C．home D．past
答案：A
解析：根据后文“dinosaurs as pets—you might even see people walk dinosaurs in the streets”可知，作者回到恐龙时代是为了把恐龙带到未来。故选A。
11．A.choose B．arrange
C．provide D．trust
答案：A
解析：choose 选择；arrange 安排；provide 提供；trust 信任。根据后文“dinosaurs as pets”可知，此处指选择恐龙当宠物。故选A。
12．A.increases B．supports
C．cheats D．develops
答案：D
解析：此处指污染变得更加严重是因为科学技术的发展。故选D。
13．A.give up B．look for
C．refer to D．work out
答案：B
解析：give up 放弃；look for 寻找；refer to 参考；work out 解决。根据后文“new planets to live on”可知，人们因为污染愈发严重，会寻找新的行星居住。故选B。
14．A.suddenly B．actually
C．immediately D．gradually
答案：D
解析：suddenly 突然；actually 事实上；immediately 立即；gradually 逐渐地。此处指人类会逐渐变得过于依赖科学技术。故选D。
15．A.confident B．anxious
C．confused D．sorry
答案：A
解析：根据后文“that we can solve these problems step by step”可知，作者有信心人们会一步步解决上述这些问题。故选A。
Ⅲ 语法填空
Reducing the number of calories every day is the ticket to good health. It works in lab animals. It also works in human __1__ (being). The name of the method is “caloric restriction”. It increases the life length of animals. It even reduces their rate of cancer and other diseases __2__ happen as people age. Reducing calories usually __3__ (make) a difference to young and middle aged adults.
Researchers looked into __4__ group of healthy men and women aged between 21 and 50.Members of the group agreed to reduce calories for two years. They could eat the foods they wanted as long as they cut back __5__ the total amount of food they ate. They __6__ (expect) to cut calories by 25 percent by the researchers.
Many could not do it. The average calorie reduction was twelve percent. That is a reduction of __7__ (approximate) 300 calories a day. But it worked. Those __8__ (practise) calorie reduction lost weight and body fat. Their blood pressure fell a little. Fewer calories lead to better health. Does it lead to a longer life and __9__ (little) sickness A doctor said the diet would have to last a long time __10__ (find) out the answer to this question. Researchers would have to study people for a lifetime to know whether the diet keeps them well and alive longer.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了减少卡路里的摄入不仅可以使动物更健康，也可以使人类更健康甚至长寿，这个被称为“热量限制”。
1．答案：beings
解析：考查名词。句意：它也适用于人类。此处应用名词复数表示泛指。故填beings。
2．答案：which/that
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，关系词指代先行词their rate of cancer and other diseases，在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词which或that。故填which/that。
3．答案：makes
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。动名词短语Reducing calories作主语，谓语动词用单数，且描述事实，应用一般现在时。故填makes。
4．答案：a
解析：考查冠词。句意：研究人员调查了一组年龄在21岁至50岁之间的健康男女。a group of “一组”。故填a。
5．答案：on
解析：考查介词。句意：他们可以吃他们想要的食物，只要他们削减吃的食物总量。固定短语cut back on意为“削减”。故填on。
6．答案：were expected
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：研究人员预计，他们将减少25%的卡路里。expect与主语They构成被动关系，此处为过去的研究调查结果，应用一般过去时的被动语态。主语They为复数意义，be动词用were。故填were expected。
7．答案：approximately
解析：考查词性转换。句意：这意味着每天大约减少300卡路里。此处应用副词修饰后面的数字300 calories，意为“大约”。故填approximately。
8．答案：practising
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：那些践行减少热量的人减轻了体重和体脂。practise与Those之间为主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语。故填practising。
9．答案：less
解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据前文“a longer life and”可知，设空处和longer为并列关系，应用形容词的比较级。故填less。
10．答案：to find
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：一位医生说，要找到这个问题答案，这种饮食方式必须长期坚持。此处应用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。
7(共118张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
Unit 4 A glimpse of the future
Period Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
课前预习自检
重点合作探究
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
课堂效果检测
3
课后课时作业（一）
４
课后课时作业（二）
5
课前预习自检
Artificial Intelligence：
A REAL THREAT
人工智能：
一个真实的威胁？
In the words of Professor Stephen Hawking, artificial intelligence will be “either the best, or the worst thing, ever to happen to humanity”．
用史蒂芬·霍金教授的话来说，人工智能将是“人类有史以来最好的，或者是最坏的事情”。
Technology of Tomorrow Forum wants to hear your thoughts on AI.
明日科技论坛想听听你对人工智能的看法。
Is it our greatest human achievement so far
这是我们人类迄今为止最伟大的成就吗？
Or is it the biggest threat to our existence
还是说它是对我们生存的最大威胁呢？
词句自测
①__________ adj. 人造的，人工的
②___________________ 人工智能
③__________ n. 人类
artificial
artificial intelligence
humanity
Millenniumbutterfly
千禧蝴蝶
Thanks to AI, I've got my own super smart personal assistant built into my phone.
多亏了人工智能，我的手机里有了我自己的超级智能个人助理。
She always has an immediate answer for any question I put to her, and even uses my answers to learn more about my preferences.
对于我提出的任何问题，她都能立即给出答案，甚至还会用我的答案来了解更多关于我的偏好。
词句自测
④_________ n. 助手，助理
assistant
It used to feel like 50 per cent of my time was spent researching new restaurants.
过去，我感觉自己有50%的时间都花在了研究新餐馆上。
In contrast, my PA only needs a few seconds to find the right place.
相比之下，我的个人助理只需要几秒钟就能找到正确的地方。
Every recommendation she gives me is great since she can predict if I will like a particular restaurant.
她给我的每一个推荐都很好，因为她可以预测我是否会喜欢某一家餐厅。
词句自测
⑤“主句(Every recommendation she gives me is great)＋原因状语从句(since she can ... restaurant)”。主句结构为“主(Every recommendation)系(is)表(great)”，其中she gives me是______从句，修饰先行词recommendation。从句结构为“主(she)谓(can predict)＋______从句(if I will like a particular restaurant)”。
定语
宾语
And speaking of hanging out, I'm hoping that self－driving cars are available soon.
说到出去玩，我希望不久能有自动驾驶汽车。
I've been taking driving lessons for over a year, and still haven't got my licence.
我已经上驾驶课一年多了，但仍然没拿到驾驶证。
Self－driving cars can learn to drive in the same way that we do, and can make judgements based on information.
自动驾驶汽车可以像我们一样学习驾驶，并且可以根据信息做出判断。
And as they won't be susceptible to human error, they'll certainly be a lot safer.
由于它们不会受到人为错误的影响，它们肯定会安全得多。
The only thing is that there might be a few machine－learning problems when the first cars hit the market, so perhaps I'd better learn to drive first.
唯一的问题是，当第一批汽车上市的时候，可能会有一些机器学习的问题，所以也许我最好还是先学会开车。
Still, I do think that developments in AI will on the whole make doing day－to－day things a lot easier.
不过，总体而言，我确实认为，人工智能的发展将使日常工作变得容易得多。
词句自测
⑥___________ adj. 易受影响的
susceptible
Popkid
潮流小孩
The technology you're using and enjoying today is a basic form of AI which can't think independently without programming.
你今天使用和享受的技术是人工智能的基本形式，它没有编程就无法独立思考。
Of course, it could be very useful to have a more advanced form of AI—a truly independent form of artificial intelligence, capable of exercising its own judgement, could help us solve many of the world's problems.
当然，拥有一种更高级的人工智能形式可能非常有用——一种真正独立的人工智能形式，能够运用自己的判断，帮助我们解决世界上的许多问题。
But have you ever thought about the risks
但是你考虑过风险吗？
After all, why would an independent form of AI need to consider the opinions and desires of humans
毕竟，为什么一个独立的人工智能形式需要考虑人类的意见和愿望？
We could be seen as a “small” inconvenience that's in the way of a solution to a bigger problem.
我们可能会被看作是在解决一个更大问题道路上的一个“小小的”麻烦。
If we're lucky, AI might think we're valuable enough to keep around.
如果我们幸运的话，人工智能可能会认为我们足够有价值，可以留下来。
If not, it might wipe us all out!
如果没有，它可能会把我们都消灭！
词句自测
⑦“主(The technology)系(is)表(a basic form of AI)”。you're using and enjoying today是______从句，修饰先行词technology; which can't think independently without programming是______从句，修饰先行词AI。
定语
定语
Even if that doesn't happen, there are other risks.
即使这种情况不会发生，也存在其他风险。
Millenniumbutterfly, you say how great it would be to have self－driving cars, but what about all the taxi drivers who would lose their jobs
千禧蝴蝶，你说拥有自动驾驶汽车有多好，但是所有将失去工作的出租车司机该怎么办？
They would just be among the first victims of AI.
他们将是人工智能的第一批受害者。
Nearly every job is potentially at risk in the long run.
从长远来看，几乎每个工作都存在潜在的风险。
词句自测
⑧________ n. 受害者
⑨____________ adv. 潜在地
victim
potentially
Even journalists are now being replaced with technology that can write basic news reports.
甚至记者现在也正在被能够撰写基本新闻报道的技术所取代。
As it is, almost 50 per cent of US jobs are at risk from automation in the next 20 years.
事实上，未来20年，美国近50%的就业岗位将面临自动化的风险。
The truth is that none of us is prepared for the challenges of AI.
事实上，我们没有人准备好迎接人工智能的挑战。
词句自测
⑩____________ n. 自动化
automation
Pink_haze
粉色烟雾
Machine learning is something we have come to accept as a part of our modern world.
作为我们现代世界的一部分，机器学习是我们已经接受的事物。
I believe most of the value of AI lies in its capacity to analyse and interpret vast amounts of data, which means it can even solve problems that are too challenging for human experts.
我相信人工智能的大部分价值在于它能够分析和解释大量数据的能力，这意味着它甚至可以解决对于人类专家来说具有挑战性的问题。
词句自测
_________ n. 能力，才能
________ v. 分析
“主(I)谓(believe)＋宾语从句(most of the ... of data)”。which means ... experts是_______________从句，it can even solve problems是______从句，that are too challenging for human experts是______从句，修饰先行词problems。
capacity
analyse
非限制性定语
宾语
定语
But while super intelligent AI could be the biggest leap forward in human history, if it goes wrong or falls into the wrong hands, it could also be the most dangerous.
然而，尽管超级智能的人工智能可能是人类历史上最大的飞跃，但如果出错或落入坏人之手，它也可能是最危险的。
However, AI is not going to go away.
然而，人工智能不会消失。
We have no choice but to embrace it and regulate it.
我们别无选择，只能接受并监管它。
One thing I think we all agree on, though, is that saying “ My AI did it！” won't be any excuse for illegal or immoral behaviour!
不过，我想我们都同意的一点就是“这是我的人工智能做的！”不会成为任何非法或不道德行为的借口！
词句自测
______ n. 剧变
_________ v. 控制，管理
_______ adj. 非法的，违法的
_________ adj. 不道德的，道德败坏的
“让步状语从句(while ... history)＋主句(if ... dangerous)”。主句的结构为“__________从句(if ... hands)＋主句(it ... dangerous)”；it goes wrong中的goes为___动词，其后接形容词wrong作______。
leap
regulate
illegal
immoral
条件状语
表语
系
重点合作探究
1 assistant n. 助手，助理(教材P50)
归纳拓展
①The manager is now in need of a capable assistant that he can count on to take care of problems in his absence.
经理现在正需要一个有能力的助手，能在他不在的时候解决问题。
②Do you often assist your mother in/with the housework
你经常帮助妈妈做家务吗？
③I waited patiently hoping that someone would come to my assistance.
我耐心地等着，希望有人会来帮我。
④The translations were carried out with the assistance of a medical dictionary.
这些翻译是借助一本医学词典进行的。
⑤He was of great assistance to me in researches for my books.
在我为我的书进行研究时，他提供了很大的帮助。
(1)单句语法填空
①Since 1976 he has been operating the shop ______ the assistance of volunteers.
②The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an ________ (assist)．
(2)句型转换
With the assistance of Mary, I finished the work.
→Mary assisted me ___________ the work.
→Mary assisted me ________ the work.
with
assistant
in finishing
to finish
2 victim n. 受害者(教材P52)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①She was the victim of the road accident.
她是这起交通事故的受害者。
②Worse, plans for reform may fall victim to the government's fear of giving markets free rein.
更糟糕的是，改革计划也许会成为政府害怕放任市场自由的受害者。
(1)单句语法填空
①The volunteers aim to help ________ (victim) of disasters regardless of their race or nationality.
②He was ____ victim of racial prejudice.
(2)单句表达
小心别成为网络银行诈骗案的受害者。
Be careful not to ____________ online banking fraud.
victims
a
fall victim to
3 potentially adv. 潜在地(教材P52)
归纳拓展
①Sunburn is painful and potentially dangerous.
晒伤不仅疼，还有潜在危险。
②As teachers, we should realize students’ potential.
作为老师，我们应该认识到学生的潜力。
③He has the potential to become a world class musician.
他有潜力成为世界级的音乐家。
④Some specialists say they hold untapped potential for public health.
某些专家认为，它们在公共卫生方面的潜能尚未被挖掘出来。
⑤First, we need to identify actual and potential problems.
首先，我们需要弄清楚实际的问题和潜在的问题。
单句语法填空
①The effects of global warming, while not immediate, are __________ (potential) catastrophic.
②This is one of the best ways to build your _________ (potentially) customer list.
③Some scientists are examining the potential ____ harvesting icebergs from Antarctica.
potentially
potential
for
4 capacity n. 能力，才能(教材P52)
归纳 拓展
①Her mental capacity and temperament are as remarkable as his.
她的才智和气质和他一样出众。
②He has a capacity for learning maths.
他有学习数学的能力。
③The fuel tank has a capacity of 12 gallons.
这个燃料箱的容量为十二加仑。
(1)单句语法填空
①The airport to be completed next year will have the capacity _________ (handle) 500，000 passengers.
②That bowl has a capacity ____ two pints.
(2)单句表达
他学习语言的能力非常强。
_____________________________ languages is very strong.
to handle
of
His capacity to learn/for learning
5 analyse v. 分析(教材P52)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①The report at the conference analyses in detail why a new legal framework is needed to better protect the environment.
会议上的报告详细分析了为什么需要一个新的法律框架来更好地保护环境。
②Blood samples were sent to the laboratory for analysis.
血样被送到实验室进行分析。
(1)单句语法填空
We agreed with his acute _________ (analyse) of the political situation.
(2)单句表达
①我们应该分析这场事变的因果。
We should _________________________ of this event.
②我建议对我们的海外市场进行分析。
I suggest we ____________________________________ of our overseas markets.
analysis
analyse the cause and effect
(should) carry out/do/make/give an analysis
hang out 常去某处；闲逛(教材P51)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①If you can't get to the nursing home to visit grandma, you can use a telepresence robot to hang out with her.
如果你不能去疗养院看望奶奶，你可以用远程呈现机器人和她一起外出。
②It's hard work but if you hang on you'll succeed in the end.
这是一项艰苦的工作，但如果你坚持下去，你最终会成功的。
③You hang around here in case he comes, and I'll go on ahead.
你在这附近守着以防万一他来了，我继续往前走。
④He hung up on me.
他挂断了我的电话。
单句表达
①抓紧那根绳子，别松手。
____________ that rope and don't let go.
②我不能再闲逛了——老板要见我。
I can't _____________________—the boss wants to see me.
③电话占线了，话务员问我是否愿意等一下(别挂断电话)。
The line was engaged and the operator asked if I’d like to _________．
Hang on to
hang out/about/around
hang on
1 In the words of Professor Stephen Hawking, artificial intelligence will be “either the best, or the worst thing, ever to happen to humanity”．(教材P50)
用斯蒂芬·霍金教授的话说，人工智能将是“人类有史以来最好或最坏的事情”。
剖析 either ... or ...意为“或者……，或者……；要么……，要么……；不是……就是……”。它可以连接两个并列成分，如谓语动词、名词、代词、不定式或分词、介词短语等。
归纳拓展
①I left the book either on the table or in the drawer.
我把书不是放在桌子上，就是放在抽屉里了。
②Either you or I am going there tomorrow.
明天要么你去那里，要么我去那里。
③As a matter of fact, not you but he is to blame.
事实上，不是你，而是他该受责备。
单句语法填空
①Not only the students but also their teacher ___________ (enjoy) the film now.
②Neither my wife nor my parents ______ (be) able to persuade my daughter to change her mind and finally she joined in the game.
③Either you or one of your students ____ (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
is enjoying
were
is
2 I've been taking driving lessons for over a year, and still haven't got my licence.(教材P51)
我已经上驾驶课一年多了，但仍然没有拿到驾照。
剖析 have been taking是现在完成进行时。
归纳 拓展
①Because of illness, he has been lying in bed all day.
由于生病，他整天都躺在床上。
②They have been building the bridge for two months.
两个月来他们一直在建桥。
③I have been waiting to see you for a long time.
长久以来，我一直等着见你。
易混辨析：现在完成进行时/现在完成时 时态 基本语法功能 动作的反复 感彩
现在完成进行时 表示动作的持续 可表示动作的反复 可表示强烈的感彩
现在完成时 表示动作对现在的影响或产生的结果 不表示动作的反复 一般不含有感彩
名师点睛
表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。
I have known him for years. (√)
I have been knowing him for years. (×)
我认识他已经好几年了。
单句语法填空
①All these years these talented writers _____________________ (contribute) articles to our magazine.
②I ________________ (write) the book, but I still ______________ (not finish) it.
③They ______ never _______ (learn) to swim.
④We _________________ (look) forward to our summer vacation.
have been contributing
have been writing
haven't finished
have
learnt
have been looking
3 As it is, almost 50 per cent of US jobs are at risk from automation in the next 20 years.(教材P52)
实际上，在未来20年中，美国有将近50%的工作会受到自动化的威胁。
剖析 as引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如……”。
归纳拓展
①It's the same person as we wanted to find yesterday.
这个人和我们昨天想找的人是同一个人。
②As everyone knows, China is a country with a long history.
众所周知，中国是一个历史悠久的国家。
③He is absorbed in work, as he often is.
他正在全神贯注地工作，他经常这样。
④He forgot to bring his pen with him, as was often the case.
他忘了带笔，这是常事。
单句表达
①我们都知道，马克·吐温是一位伟大的美国作家。
___________________________， Mark Twain is a great American writer.
②这个电脑和我哥哥昨天买的一样。
This is the same computer ____________________________．
As we all know/is known to us
as my brother bought yesterday
课堂效果检测
Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子
1．Man has an internal clock that _________ (控制) the beating of heart, and the pace of breathing.
2．This new product, containing no _________ (人造的) flavors and coloring agents, attracts a number of white－collar clerks.
3．Young people are the most ___________ (易受影响的) to advertisements.
4．The flood having destroyed everything, the ________ (受害者) became homeless and could only live temporarily in shelters.
5．Contemporary art has taken a huge ______ (剧变) forward in the last five or six years.
regulates
artificial
susceptible
victims
leap
6．A shopper rarely speaks to a shop a________ except to ask for help or information, but this is not the case in some countries.
7．Factories and businesses could use 5G technology to increase a__________ and improve the collection of information.
8．We should develop the students' ability to a_______ and solve problems.
9．Our c________ for innovation is not strong, and our weakness in terms of core technologies for key fields remains a vital problem.
10．Protecting the environment is a responsibility of h________．
ssistant
utomation
nalyse
apacity
umanity
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The three young _________ (assist) worked all night to get everything finished.
2．Not you but I _____ (be) to blame for the mistake.
3．Maria ________________ (learn) English for two years and she still practices every day.
4．We should take care of the blind and it is ________ (moral) to make fun of them.
5．It is ________ (legal) for a public official to ask people for gifts or money in exchange for favors to them.
assistants
am
has been learning
immoral
illegal
6．More of us are using headphones in noisier environments, where we may turn up the volume to ___________ (potential) dangerous levels.
7．_____ we all know, you're a wonderful person.
8．The government's proposals for ___________ (regulate) of the food industry were widely supported.
9．As a scientist, he has the capacity ____ doing important researches.
10．It seems we have no choice but ________ (trust) each other.
potentially
As
regulation
of
to trust
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．Experts say if the island is not protected, the spill could __________ the gulf's turtle population.
2．Reminded not to _________ at midnight, the boy headed home soon.
3．Linda is careless sometimes, but ____________， she is a hard－working student.
thanks to, wipe out, in contrast, hang out, on the whole
wipe out
hang out
on the whole
4．As you know, anger doesn't help in 99% of situations; ___________， it usually makes things worse.
5．___________ advances in technology, how we make friends and communicate with them has changed significantly.
in contrast
Thanks to
Ⅳ.单句表达
1．我过去经常在超市里闲逛。
I often used to ____________________ in supermarkets.
2．自从我们到这所学校后，就一直在学英语。
We ________________________ since we came to this school.
3．他只能靠拐杖走路。
He can walk only ____________________ crutches.
hang out/about/around
have been learning English
with the assistance of
4．今天下午或者是你或者是他必须待在家照顾奶奶。(either ... or ... 的主谓一致)
_______________________________ to look after grandmother this afternoon.
5．众所周知，你没有必要为他人改变你自己。(as引导定语从句)
You don't have to change yourself for others, __________________________．
Either you or he has to stay at home
as we all know/is known to all
课后课时作业（一）
Ⅰ 阅读
A
Robots are known as the future of technology. Robotics technology has just landed in the workplace and there is a lot of work to do. Below we'll discuss some of the best and most advanced robots ever made by humans.
Asimo
The primary focus of the robot is to help people. Asimo travels all around the world, making people aware of how robots can make life easier and help humans. It can dance, run and even kick a soccer ball. The robot can communicate with people in three different languages including Japanese, Chinese and English.
Created by: Honda (Japan)
Sophia
It is a realistic example of a perfect robot because it has about 50 different facial expressions just like humans. Sophia is primarily designed for education, research and entertainment. It travels throughout the world explaining to people the importance of robots in human life.
Created by: Hanson Robotics (China)
Atlas
Its body shape is so dynamic that it can use its all body skills to move quickly and balance itself on diverse terrains. The robot is capable of performing many different tasks but some favourite tasks are running, jumping and turnover movements. Its advanced AI systems make it capable of seeing barriers and negotiating through diverse terrains.
Created by: Boston Dynamics (United States)
篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了目前人类发明的最先进的四个机器人。
Spot
Spot is an animal robot, or say a dog robot, because it looks very similar to a dog. Spot can search around your office, home, playground etc. as a normal dog usually does. Spot has some outstanding functions like it can map your environment, sense barriers, lift packages and more.
Created by: Boston Dynamics (United States)
1．Which of the following characterizes Asimo
A．Its high speed.
B．Its facial expressions.
C．Its language ability.
D．Its communication skills.
解析：细节理解题。根据Asimo部分中的“The robot can communicate with ... Chinese and English.”可知，这个机器人具有语言能力这一特征。故选C。
2．Which robot is created by China
A．Asimo. B．Sophia.
C．Atlas. D．Spot.
解析：细节理解题。根据Sophia部分中的“Created by: Hanson Robotics (China)”可知，这个机器人由中国制造。故选B。
3．What do Atlas and Spot have in common
A．They can change their body shapes.
B．They can carry small packages.
C．They can help do some housework.
D．They can detect barriers around.
解析：细节理解题。根据Atlas部分中的“Its advanced AI systems make it capable of seeing barriers”以及Spot部分中的“Spot has some outstanding functions ... lift packages and more.”可知，这两个机器人的相同之处在于能探测周围的障碍物。故选D。
B
People have speculated (思索) for centuries about a future without work. Some imagine that the coming work free world will be defined by inequality: A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in a wasteland. A different prediction holds that without jobs to give their lives meaning, future people will simply become lazy and depressed.
But it doesn't necessarily follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with dissatisfaction. Such visions are based on the downsides of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the absence of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could provide strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure.
These days, spare time is relatively rare for most workers. “When I come home from a hard day's work, I often feel tired，” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland, adding, “In a world in which I don't have to work, I might feel rather different—perhaps different enough to throw myself into a hobby with the enthusiasm usually reserved for professional matters.”
Daniel Everett, an anthropologist (人类学家) at Bentley University studied a group of hunter gathers in the Amazon called the Piraha for years. According to Everett, while some might consider hunting and gathering work, hunter gatherers don't. “They think of it as fun，” he says. “They don't have a concept of work the way we do.”
Everett described a typical clay for the Piraha: A man might get up, spend a few hours fishing, have a barbecue, and play until the evening. Does this relaxing life lead to the depression and purposelessness seen among so many of today's unemployed “I've never seen anything like depression there, except people who are physically ill，” Everett says. While many may consider work necessary for human life, work as it exists today is a relatively new invention in the course of human culture. “We think it's bad to just sit around with nothing to do，” says Everett. “For the Piraha, it's quite a desirable state.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。作者围绕不用工作的未来是什么样子而展开讨论，并介绍了人们对此产生的不同观点。
4．What might be some people's attitude towards the work free world
A．Objective. B．Negative.
C．Skeptical. D．Cautious.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Some imagine that ... future people will simply become lazy and depressed.”可知，有些人对不用工作的世界所持有的态度可能是消极的。故选B。
5．What does the underlined word “downsides” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Risks. B．Losses.
C．Challenges. D．Disadvantages.
解析：词义猜测题。画线词前的“Such visions”指的是第一段中的消极观点，结合画线词后的“being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment”可知，在以就业为基础的社会中，失业肯定是不好的事情。由此判断，第一种观点是基于不用工作的缺点展开的。由此可推知，画线词downsides意为“缺点”。故选D。
6．John Danaher might agree that ________．
A．work plays an important role in our future life
B．people don't know how to balance work and life
C．people's work free future life will be full of charm
D．higher unemployment makes life tougher for workers
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中John Danaher (约翰·丹纳赫)所说的话“In a world in which I don't have to work ... professional matters. (在一个我不必工作的世界里，我可能会感到大不相同——也许不同到足以让我以通常用于处理工作事务的热情全身心投入到一项爱好中去。)”可推知，John Danaher可能会同意，人们未来不用工作的生活将充满魅力。故选C。
7．Why is Daniel Everett's study mentioned
A．To justify John Danaher's opinion.
B．To show a future life without work.
C．To compare different views on work.
D．To introduce the Piraha in the Amazon.
解析：推理判断题。第三段讲述了John Danaher对于未来的观点，人们未来不用工作的生活将充满魅力，接下来阐述Daniel Everett (丹尼尔·埃弗雷特)的例子，通读文章最后两段可推知，Daniel Everett的研究内容佐证了John Danaher的观点。故选A。
Ⅱ 七选五
Harvesting fruits is a very demanding job. If pickers are not available, fruits will rot on the trees. But with pickers in short supply in recent years, growers need to quickly find another way to harvest their fruits. __1__
An Israeli company Tevel has developed these flying autonomous robots. The robots fly over a tree and pick fruits with their arms. They are fitted with cameras that use AI to assess the size and color of the fruit. __2__ In addition, they can collect more fruits than a picker during a given time.
__3__ The flying robots are connected to a platform that acts as the power source so that they never run out of power. They will work all day and night in any weather without taking a break.
Dozens of these smart robots can be used across an orchard during the time when the fruit is ready to be harvested. The farmers just need to tell the company how many flying robots they need and how long they will use. __4__
The robots are now picking pears in Israel. The company also plans to add more tasks to the robots' function. __5__ In the future, fewer people will work in picking and more people will work in managing the robots, analyzing the data and making decisions.
A．So only the ripe ones are collected.
B．Now a new type of robot can come to their help.
C．Finding fruit pickers is farmers' biggest concern.
D．They can receive timely information from the robots.
E．Another advantage of the robots is that they never feel tired.
F．Then the company will transport the robots to their orchards.
G．For example, they can be used to cut off branches and water fruits.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了以色列的Tevel公司开发了可以帮助果农采摘水果的自动飞行机器人。
1．答案：B
解析：根据上文“But with pickers ... harvest their fruits. (但近年来由于采摘工人供不应求，种植者需要迅速找到另一种收获水果的方法。)”可知，此处应介绍一种可以帮助农民采摘水果的机器人。B项(现在，一种新型机器人可以帮助他们。)符合语境。故选B。
2．答案：A
解析：根据上文“They are fitted with ... color of the fruit.”可知，此处应说明机器人要采摘什么样的水果。A项(所以只收集成熟的水果。)符合语境。故选A。
3．答案：E
解析：根据下文“They will work all day and night in any weather without taking a break. (它们将在任何天气下没日没夜地工作，从不休息。)”可知，E项(机器人的另一个优点是它们从不感到疲劳。)符合语境。故选E。
4．答案：F
解析：根据上文“The farmers just need to ... how long they will use.”可知，采摘水果前，农民们只需要告诉公司他们需要多少飞行机器人，他们将使用多长时间。F项(然后公司将把机器人运送到他们的果园。)承接上文。故选F。
解析：根据上文“The company also plans to add more tasks to the robots' function.”可知，此处应介绍该公司为机器人增加的功能和任务。G项(例如，它们可以用来剪树枝和浇水。)符合语境。故选G。
5．答案：G
课后课时作业（二）
Ⅰ 阅读
The AI chatbot phenomenon ChatGPT is changing the world and has kicked off a new global AI race, but couldn’t it replace humans
ChatGPT is one of the hottest topics in tech right now, the AI－powered chatbot attracted over 100 million users just two months after launch in late November. So, what is it The GPT bit stands for Generative Pre Trained Transformer. It's a form of AI capable of understanding human language and generating surprisingly detailed and coherent answers to questions in a conversational format. ChatGPT is so good that people are using it to write essays, draft scripts, pass exams and correct computer code, all of which it can do within seconds. Some have even asked the Chatbot for psychological counselling or to create personalized weight loss plans.
But what does the advent of ChatGPT mean for ordinary people The elephant in the room is whether it will eventually replace humans in some jobs. Universal access to a capable and versatile AI powered digital assistant would significantly boost productivity in many sectors. Teachers are now using ChatGPT to write presentations, and product managers are using it to create marketing campaigns. As with any disruptive technology, ChatGPT will change the labor landscape. The jobs most immediately at threat include customer service, computer programming, graphic design, and content creation. We have already seen AI technology replacing translators and interpreters.
However, notably the impact of ChatGPT on education cannot be overstated. One study even found that 89 percent of US college students admitted using ChatGPT for their assignments. Some public schools have banned ChatGPT outright and some science journals now prohibit listing ChatGPT as a co author on papers.
So, the healthy development of this kind of technology will depend on enforcing honest, safe and responsible use. This will likely be a global undertaking for multiple governments, companies and academia working in collaboration.
篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕“聊天机器人ChatGPT能否取代人类”而展开。
1．What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about ChatGPT
A．Its practical applications. B．Its working theory.
C．Its language model. D．Its development process.
解析：段落大意题。根据第二段中的“ChatGPT is so good ... do within seconds.(ChatGPT非常好用，人们用它来写论文、起草脚本、通过考试和修正计算机代码，所有这些都可以在几秒钟内完成。)”可知，第二段主要告诉我们关于ChatGPT的实际应用。故选A。
2．What does the underlined phrase “The elephant in the room” mean
A．The biggest advantage at present.
B．The toughest problem which is beyond our capability.
C．The obvious truth which is often ignored.
D．The necessity of developing AI tools.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“But what does the advent of ChatGPT mean for ordinary people？”及“The jobs ... replacing translators and interpreters.”可知，本段是描述ChatGPT的出现对普通人的影响，事实是它会在某些工作中取代人类，由此可推知，画线部分意为“显而易见却又容易被忽略的事实”。故选C。
3．Which is not one of the first occupations to be threatened by ChatGPT
A．Computer programming. B．Translators.
C．Designers. D．Customer service.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“As with any disruptive technology ... and content creation.(与任何颠覆性技术一样，ChatGPT将改变劳动力格局。最直接受到威胁的工作包括客户服务、计算机编程、平面设计和内容创作。)”可知，翻译不是直接受到ChatGPT威胁的工作。故选B。
4．According to the text, what's the attitude of some science journals towards the papers you accomplish with ChatGPT
A．Suspicious. B．Neutral.
C．Opposed. D．Critical.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Some public schools have banned ChatGPT ... a co author on papers.(一些公立学校已经完全禁止使用ChatGPT，一些科学期刊现在禁止将ChatGPT列为论文的共同作者。)”可推知，一些科学期刊对ChatGPT持反对态度。故选C。
Ⅱ 完形填空
I am an imaginative girl. I have always been __1__ about the future just like the great novelist, Liu Cixin.
What will life be like in the future What will happen to humans and other living things When I was a little girl, I often thought about these questions and drew __2__ of my imaginary future life in my album.
How will people in the future __3__？ Perhaps there will be cities underground, in the air or in the sea, where there will be new kinds of __4__ like underground express trains, airships and undersea trains. With __5__ technology, we may even be able to fly on a broom, just like Harry Potter.
Living conditions will also certainly __6__. Just imagine such a house in __7__ it feels like spring all year because of an intelligent thermostat. All complicated and boring chores will be __8__ by a robot.
As for travel, it may be possible to travel through time and space freely. What if there were time machines to travel to any time in history If I could __9__ a time machine, I would go to the age of dinosaurs and take them to the __10__. By that time, more and more people would __11__ dinosaurs as pets—you might even see people walk dinosaurs in the streets.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。作为一个拥有丰富想象力的人，作者对人们未来的生活展开了想象，同时也预测了未来可能出现的一些问题。
Maybe one day, riding flying dinosaurs to fly to schools in cities in the sky will be common. All kinds of creatures will work and play with us. What a harmonious world it will be!
However, as science and technology __12__， pollution may become more serious, and then people will need to __13__ new planets to live on. At the same time, human beings may __14__ become too dependent on science and technology, but I'm __15__ that we can solve these problems step by step.
1．A．careful B．worried
C．positive D．curious
解析：根据后文“about the future”以及“What will life be like in the future？”可知，作者一直对未来充满好奇。be curious about “对……好奇”。故选D。
2．A．books B．pictures
C．photos D．diaries
解析：根据前文“drew”可知，作者小时候经常画出自己想象的图片。故选B。
3．A．shop B．live
C．work D．play
解析：根据后文“Perhaps there will be cities ... just like Harry Potter.”可知，此处是在提问未来的人们将如何生活。故选B。
4．A．shelters B．behavior
C．transportation D．adventures
解析：shelter 庇护所；behavior 行为；transportation 交通工具；adventure 冒险。根据后文“like underground express trains, airships and undersea trains”可知，作者在想象未来有哪些交通工具。故选C。
5．A．fast B．official
C．advanced D．global
解析：根据后文“we may even be able to fly on a broom”可知，有了先进的技术，人们甚至可以骑着扫帚飞行。故选C。
6．A．remain B．exchange
C．suffer D．change
解析：根据后文“it feels like spring all year because of an intelligent thermostat”可知，作者设想了未来的生活条件发生的变化。故选D。
解析：句意：想象一下这样的房子，因为有了智能恒温器，住在里面感觉一年都像春天。此处为“介词＋关系代词”结构引导的定语从句，修饰先行词house，作介词in的宾语，指物，应用which引导。故选C。
7．A．where B．that
C．which D．who
8．A．done B．stared
C．controlled D．made
解析：根据前文“All complicated and boring chores will be”可知，此处是指家务都将由机器人来做。故选A。
9．A．stop B．use
C．help D．deliver
解析：根据后文“a time machine, I would go to the age of dinosaurs”可知，作者假设自己如果能够使用时光机，就会去恐龙时代。故选B。
10．A．future B．present
C．home D．past
解析：根据后文“dinosaurs as pets—you might even see people walk dinosaurs in the streets”可知，作者回到恐龙时代是为了把恐龙带到未来。故选A。
11．A．choose B．arrange
C．provide D．trust
解析：choose 选择；arrange 安排；provide 提供；trust 信任。根据后文“dinosaurs as pets”可知，此处指选择恐龙当宠物。故选A。
12．A．increases B．supports
C．cheats D．develops
解析：此处指污染变得更加严重是因为科学技术的发展。故选D。
13．A．give up B．look for
C．refer to D．work out
解析：give up 放弃；look for 寻找；refer to 参考；work out 解决。根据后文“new planets to live on”可知，人们因为污染愈发严重，会寻找新的行星居住。故选B。
14．A．suddenly B．actually
C．immediately D．gradually
解析：suddenly 突然；actually 事实上；immediately 立即；gradually 逐渐地。此处指人类会逐渐变得过于依赖科学技术。故选D。
15．A．confident B．anxious
C．confused D．sorry
解析：根据后文“that we can solve these problems step by step”可知，作者有信心人们会一步步解决上述这些问题。故选A。
Ⅲ 语法填空
Reducing the number of calories every day is the ticket to good health. It works in lab animals. It also works in human __1__ (being). The name of the method is “caloric restriction”. It increases the life length of animals. It even reduces their rate of cancer and other diseases __2__ happen as people age. Reducing calories usually __3__ (make) a difference to young and middle aged adults.
Researchers looked into __4__ group of healthy men and women aged between 21 and 50.Members of the group agreed to reduce calories for two years. They could eat the foods they wanted as long as they cut back __5__ the total amount of food they ate. They __6__ (expect) to cut calories by 25 percent by the researchers.
Many could not do it. The average calorie reduction was twelve percent. That is a reduction of __7__ (approximate) 300 calories a day. But it worked. Those __8__ (practise) calorie reduction lost weight and body fat. Their blood pressure fell a little. Fewer calories lead to better health. Does it lead to a longer life and __9__ (little) sickness A doctor said the diet would have to last a long time __10__ (find) out the answer to this question. Researchers would have to study people for a lifetime to know whether the diet keeps them well and alive longer.
1．________ 2．________ 3．________ 4．________ 5．________
6．________ 7．________ 8．________ 9．________ 10．________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了减少卡路里的摄入不仅可以使动物更健康，也可以使人类更健康甚至长寿，这个被称为“热量限制”。
解析：考查名词。句意：它也适用于人类。此处应用名词复数表示泛指。故填beings。
1．答案：beings
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，关系词指代先行词their rate of cancer and other diseases，在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词which或that。故填which/that。
2．答案：which/that
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。动名词短语Reducing calories作主语，谓语动词用单数，且描述事实，应用一般现在时。故填makes。
3．答案：makes
解析：考查冠词。句意：研究人员调查了一组年龄在21岁至50岁之间的健康男女。a group of “一组”。故填a。
4．答案：a
解析：考查介词。句意：他们可以吃他们想要的食物，只要他们削减吃的食物总量。固定短语cut back on意为“削减”。故填on。
5．答案：on
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：研究人员预计，他们将减少25%的卡路里。expect与主语They构成被动关系，此处为过去的研究调查结果，应用一般过去时的被动语态。主语They为复数意义，be动词用were。故填were expected。
6．答案：were expected
解析：考查词性转换。句意：这意味着每天大约减少300卡路里。此处应用副词修饰后面的数字300 calories，意为“大约”。故填approximately。
7．答案：approximately
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：那些践行减少热量的人减轻了体重和体脂。practise与Those之间为主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语。故填practising。
8．答案：practising
解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据前文“a longer life and”可知，设空处和longer为并列关系，应用形容词的比较级。故填less。
9．答案：less
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：一位医生说，要找到这个问题答案，这种饮食方式必须长期坚持。此处应用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。
10．答案：to find
