英语 选择性必修 第三册 WY
Period Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Nature in Architecture
建筑中的大自然
Trees, plants and flowers are all around us and we enjoy their beauty every day.
树，植物和花环绕在我们周围，每一天我们都在享受它们的美丽。
In fact, we are so used to them that we may even take them for granted without realising how much inspiration they have given us.
事实上，我们已经习惯了它们，以至于我们甚至可能把它们认为是理所当然的，却没有意识到它们带给我们多少灵感。
词句自测 ①take__...__for__granted 认为……理所当然 ②“主句(we are so used to them)＋结果状语从句(that we may ... have given us)”。they have given us是定语从句，修饰先行词inspiration。
When we look at a pine cone, we might think how much it looks like the tiles on a roof.
当我们看着一个松果，我们可能会想，它看起来多像屋顶上的瓦片。
An open flower might make us think how closely it resembles an umbrella.
一朵绽放的花可能会让我们觉得它和雨伞是多么相似。
It is natural to think in this way, but of course it wasn't the umbrella that inspired the flower or the roof that inspired the pine cone.
以这种方式思考是很自然的，但当然不是雨伞启发了花朵，也不是屋顶启发了松果。
词句自测 ③pine__cone 松果，松球 ④tile n. 瓦片
Nature has inspired many of the most fascinating designs around us, including those in architecture.
大自然激发了我们周围许多最迷人的设计，包括建筑设计。
From Barcelona's forest－like Sagrada Familia to the modern style of Beijing's Water Cube, nature is presented in various architectural designs.
从巴塞罗那森林般的圣家族大教堂到现代风格的北京水立方，自然被呈现在各种各样的建筑设计中。
Today, architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms, to mimic the way nature works or even to make natural organisms part of a building.
如今，建筑师继续探索捕捉自然形式之美的方法，模仿自然运行的方式，甚至使自然生物成为建筑的一部分。
词句自测 ⑤architect n. 建筑师 ⑥mimic v. 模仿
ArtScience Museum, Singapore
艺术科学博物馆，新加坡
People whose interest is exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore's ArtScience Museum.
对探索艺术与科学之间的关系感兴趣的人会乐于参观新加坡的艺术科学博物馆。
The building was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment in which it sits.
这座建筑旨在展示自然和现代城市环境之间的联系。
词句自测 ⑦“主(The building)谓(was designed)”。to show ... 是不定式短语作目的状语。
Shaped to resemble a lotus flower, it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it.
它的形状像一朵莲花，它似乎漂浮在海滨长廊和周围的水面上。
Its roof collects rainwater and channels it 35 metres down to a waterfall in the centre of the space.
它的屋顶可以收集雨水，并引导雨水向下35米到达空间中心的瀑布。
The water is then recycled through the building's plumbing system.
然后，水通过建筑的管道系统循环使用。
Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms.
游客常常惊奇地发现，他们虽然置身于一座城市建筑中，在那里他们却可以如此真实地捕捉到自然形态的美丽。
词句自测 ⑧lotus n. 莲花，荷花 ⑨waterfront n. 滨水地区 ⑩promenade n. 滨海步行道 plumbing n. 管道系统 “主(it)系(appears)表(to float)”。Shaped ... flower是过去分词短语作状语；that surrounds it是定语从句，修饰先行词water。
The Eastgate Centre, Harare
东门中心，哈拉雷
Harare's Eastgate Centre is a superb example of biomimicry.
哈拉雷的东门中心是仿生学的一个极好的例子。
To use biomimicry is to create structures based on natural forms and processes.
它是利用仿生学在自然形态和过程的基础上创造建筑结构。
词句自测 superb adj. 极好的，出色的 biomimicry n. 仿生学
Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce was inspired to create the Centre while watching a nature documentary in which termites were constructing their nests.
津巴布韦建筑师米克·皮尔斯在观看一部自然纪录片时受到启发，创建了这个中心。在这部纪录片中，白蚁正在建造它们的巢穴。
The insects built mounds covered in little holes designed to allow air to move freely in and out of the mounds.
这些昆虫建造了一个小山丘，上面布满了小洞，让空气自由进出。
In a similar way, the Eastgate Centre has a “skin” covered in holes.
用相似的方式，东门中心的“皮肤”上布满了洞。
During the day, warm air is drawn into the building through the holes, cooling as it reaches the middle of the building.
白天，暖空气通过这些洞孔被吸进建筑，当空气到达建筑中间时就会冷却下来。
At night, the heat absorbed by the wall during the day warms the cool air, creating a comfortable temperature inside.
在夜晚，白天墙壁吸收的热量会使室内的冷空气变暖，创造一个舒适的温度。
The design reduces the need for traditional air conditioning and heating systems, so the building uses less energy and costs less to run.
该设计减少了对传统空调和供暖系统的需求，因此这个建筑使用更少的能源，运行成本更低。
词句自测 termite n. 白蚁 mound n. 土堆，土丘 “主(Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce)谓(was inspired)主语补足语(to create the Centre)”。in which termites were constructing their nests是定语从句，修饰先行词documentary。
The Algae House, Hamburg
藻屋，汉堡
The world's first algae－powered building is in Hamburg, Germany.
世界上第一座藻类发电建筑位于德国汉堡。
The surface of the apartment building is covered in panels that contain algae.
该建筑的表面覆盖着含有藻类的面板。
The algae are fed with liquid nutrients and carbon dioxide to encourage them to grow.
藻类以液态营养和二氧化碳为养料，以促进它们的生长。
In bright sunshine, they grow faster and provide shade.
在明亮的阳光下，它们长得更快，还可以提供阴凉。
词句自测 algae n. 藻类(植物) dioxide n. 二氧化物
The panels also capture heat from the sun and convert it into energy that powers the building.
这些面板还能从太阳中获取热量，并将其转化为能量，为建筑提供电力。
And that's not all—the algae inside the panels can be harvested and used to produce fuel.
这还不是全部——面板内的藻类可以被收集并用于生产燃料。
The building therefore not only responds to its environment and uses less energy, but also reduces damage to the environment by generating its own renewable energy.
因此，建筑不仅能与环境互动，减少能源消耗，而且还能通过生产可再生能源来减少对环境的破坏。
Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.
建造这样的建筑能使我们与环境更加和谐共生。
To meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow may be a challenge, but even the simplest organisms can help teach us how to achieve this.
在保护未来世界的同时满足今天的需要可能是一个挑战，但即使是最简单的生物体也可以帮忙教我们如何实现目标。
词句自测 convert v. 使转变；使转换
1 architect n. 建筑师(教材P67)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①Tinoco was one of the architects of the government's economic reforms.
蒂诺科是政府经济改革的设计师之一。
②He studied classical architecture and design in Rome.
他在罗马学习了古典建筑学和设计。
③The architectural structure of the Temple of Heaven is unique.
天坛的建筑结构很别致。
单句语法填空
①The palace is a complete hotch－potch of ________ (architect) styles.
②Exciting artistic breakthroughs have recently occurred in the fields of painting, sculpture and ________ (architect).
③The old city centre is ________ (architect) rich.
答案：①architectural ②architecture ③architecturally
2 convert v. 使转变；使转换(教材P68)
归纳拓展
①My daughter has converted me from opera to pop music.
我女儿使我从喜欢歌剧转而喜欢流行音乐。
②Many large old houses have been converted into flats.
许多大的老房子已改建成公寓。
③She was soon converted to the socialist cause.
她不久便转而献身于社会主义事业了。
易混辨析：convert/change/vary/transform/turn
convert 指进行全部或局部改变以适应新的功能或用途。指信仰或态度时，强调较激烈、大的改变
change 指任何变化，完全改变，强调与原先的情况有明显的不同
vary 暗示不规则或断断续续地变
transform 指人或物在形状、外观、形式、性质等方面发生的彻底变化，失去原状成为全新的东西
turn 指外形、颜色、气味、性质等方面的变化，比change更通俗
(1)选词填空(change/turn/vary/transform/convert)
①These machines ________ cotton into cloth.
②To this day I know that it was because I ________ my way of thinking that I completely changed my life.
③These insights can inspire and assist you in ________ your business and attaining your goals.
④The prices of fish ________ according to market conditions.
⑤The leaves were ________ brown.
答案：①convert ②changed ③transforming ④vary ⑤turning
(2)单句表达
①起初他不同意我们的意见，但我们很快使他向我们的思考方式转变。
Though he didn't agree with us at first, we soon ________________ our way of thinking.
②他买这个仓库是为了将它改成一个旅馆。
He bought the warehouse with an eye to ________________ a hotel.
③这房间由厨房改成了厕所。
The room ______________ a kitchen ________ a toilet.
答案：①converted him to ②converting it to/into ③was converted from; to
take ... for granted 认为……理所当然(教材P66)
归纳拓展
①You can't take it for granted that they'll listen to you.
你不能想当然地认为他们会听你的话。
②I was only joking, but he took it seriously.
我是开玩笑，但他当真了。
③The candidates' experience and qualifications will be taken into consideration when the decision is made.
做决定时要考虑候选人的经验和资历。
④Take your time, don't cut corners and follow instructions to the letter.
慢慢来，不要走捷径，要按照说明去做。
(1)单句语法填空
①Some historical films and TV plays are pure light hearted entertainment, so don't take them so ________ (serious)．
②Taking everything ________ consideration, the event was a great success.
③Many children today take their parents' love ________ granted.
④Take ________ easy as there is still one more week left before the exam begins.
答案：①seriously ②into ③for ④it
(2)单句表达
我想当然地认为他会来参加会议。
I ____________________ that he will come to the meeting.
答案：take it for granted
1 The building was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment in which it sits．(教材P67) 该建筑旨在展示自然和现代城市环境之间的联系。
剖析 in which it sits 是“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词environment。这里的in which 可以转换为where。
归纳拓展
①This is the house in which (＝where) I lived two years ago.
这就是我两年前住过的房子。
②This is the student for whom I bought the book.
这是我为其买书的那个学生。
③I'll never forget the day on which I first met him.
我永远忘不了我第一次见他的那一天。
单句语法填空
①She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction ________ which had taken more than three years.
②This is my glasses, ________ which I cannot see clearly.
③I don't know the reason ________ which he said so.
答案：①of ②without ③for
2 Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce was inspired to create the Centre while watching a nature documentary in which termites were constructing their nests.(教材P67) 津巴布韦建筑师米克·皮尔斯在一部大自然纪录片中看到白蚁筑造蚁穴，从中得到启发，从而设计了东门大厦。
剖析 while watching为状语从句的省略，相当于while Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce was watching。
归纳拓展
①He went through the papers while (he was) having breakfast.
他边吃早饭边浏览报纸。
②Learn to keep up a good state of mind when (you are) coming across hardship on your way to achieving your dream.
在你实现梦想的途中遇到困难时，要学会保持良好的心态。
③If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.
如果可能的话，他会帮你摆脱困境。
④Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous director.
虽然他以前是个农民，但现在却是一位著名的导演。
(1)单句语法填空
①When ________ (wait) for a bus, I met Tom.
②He won't go there with us unless ________ (invite)．
③Although ________ (do) his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.
答案：①waiting ②invited ③doing
(2)句型转换(改为状语从句的省略)
①When it is completed, the park will be open to the public.
→________________， the park will be open to the public.
②While I was in Beijing, I paid a visit to the Great Wall.
→________________， I paid a visit to the Great Wall.
③Though he was surprised to see us, the teacher gave us a warm welcome.
→____________________， the teacher gave us a warm welcome.
答案：①When completed ②While in Beijing ③Though surprised to see us
3 At night, the heat absorbed by the wall during the day warms the cool air, creating a comfortable temperature inside.(教材P68) 夜间，墙壁吸收的热量使冷空气变暖，创造着适宜的内部温度条件。
剖析 absorbed by the wall是过去分词短语作定语，修饰the heat，可转换为定语从句the heat which is absorbed by the wall。
归纳拓展
①Who were the guests invited to your party last night
昨晚被邀请参加你们晚会的客人们是谁呀？
②Near the window, there is a bookshelf filled with many books.
靠近窗户，有一个装满很多书的书架。
③There are many fallen leaves on the ground.
地上有许多落叶。
名师点津 过去分词(短语)修饰something/everything/anything/nothing/somebody/nobody等不定代词以及指示代词those时，要放在这些词的后面。
(1)单句语法填空
①________ (pollute) water and air are harmful to people's health.
②He is a teacher ________ (admire) by his students.
③The players ________ (select) from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.
答案：①Polluted ②admired ③selected
(2)单句表达
①我们准备谈一谈上次会上讨论的问题。
We are going to talk about the problem ________________________．
②报纸上没有什么报道使他感兴趣。
Nothing ________________________ interested him.
答案：①discussed at the last meeting ②reported in the newspaper
Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子
1．We strolled along on the ________ (滨海步行道) eating ice－creams.
答案：promenade
2．Tributes have poured in for a “________ (极好的) and generous” science teacher who died after contracting the disease.
答案：superb
3．Ten－foot－tall ________ (土堆) give lions a place from which to survey their surroundings, just as they would do in the wild.
答案：mounds
4．The ________ (滨水地区), once lined with factories, has been given over to parks.
答案：waterfront
5．We have renovated the old house and put in new ________ (管道系统)．
答案：plumbing
6．The robot was programmed to m________ a series of human movements.
答案：mimic
7．Please c________ lowercase letters to uppercase letters.
答案：convert
8．As the intelligence of robots increases to match that of humans, we may use them to expand our f________．
答案：frontiers
9．If we want a much cleaner world, we should reduce the emission of carbon d________．
答案：dioxide
10．Strong winds blew off several t________， leaving gaps in the roof.
答案：tiles
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．This is the iPad ________ which I spent 3，000 yuan.
答案：on
2．He tried to run away but gave up when he found himself ________ (surround)．
答案：surrounded
3．When ________ (ask) about the company's future, the director responded that he remained optimistic.
答案：asked
4．The glass ________ (break) by my son has been swept away.
答案：broken
5．The design of the modern ________ (architect) concentrates on usefulness rather than decoration.
答案：architecture
6．Don't take it for ________ (grant) that all those who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be most successful.
答案：granted
7．The position, however, ________ which you are applying, is not quite a well－paid one.
答案：for
8．It was he ________ met my grandfather at the street.
答案：who/that
9．By now, we ________ (raise) 50，000 pounds for the poor children, which is quite unexpected.
答案：have raised
10．We would like to convert the loft ________ another bedroom.
答案：to/into
Ⅲ.选词填空
be used to, in harmony with, be based on, take ... for granted, convert ... into
1．Some of us always ________ it ________ that our parents or grandparents should take care of us.
答案：take; for granted
2．He wanted to ________ his dollars ________ Japanese yen.
答案：convert; into
3．The article ____________ guesses about what might happen in the future.
答案：is based on
4．As the little boy ____________ drinking milk now, he doesn't want to eat any other food.
答案：is used to
5．We must try to live ____________ ourselves and those around us.
答案：in harmony with
Ⅳ.单句表达
1．我们带了很多厚衣服保暖。
Many thick clothes have been brought ________________．
答案：to keep warm
2．刚才被警方询问的目击者们对这场打斗的描述截然不同。
The witnesses ____________________ just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.
答案：questioned by the police
3．我有一个梦想，那就是人类能与美丽的大自然和谐共处。
I have a dream that human will ____________________．
答案：live in harmony with the beautiful nature
4．当我独自在街上散步时，我听到有人叫我的名字。(状语从句的省略)
________________________ in the street, I heard my name called.
答案：While/When walking alone
5．你还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？(介词＋关系代词)
Do you remember the day ________________________？
答案：on which you joined our club
课后课时作业(一)
Ⅰ 阅读
A
For most of human history, people raised crops and livestock to feed their households rather than to sell them for profit. This began to shift after the Industrial Revolution, which saw the rise of plantation farming.
Industrial farming not only increased the crop－growing areas, but changed the techniques used by farmers. Instead of switching the crops that were grown on a field each year, entire plantations would be devoted to a single crop. This approach and intensive modes of farming led to destruction of local biodiversity and land worsening within years, fields would cease to produce crops.
Plantations of the 18th and 19th centuries were a “get rich quick plan” rather than a long－term investment. Once a field became unusable, plantation owners would simply move on to new land. Up to the end of the 19th century, wide areas of our planet were still not claimed by global modernity. But today, while we are quickly running out of vegetative (覆盖植被的) land, this mindset continues. “Farmers still hold the view that land is cheap and limitless，” said Crystal Davis from the World Resources Institute. “Most of them just cut down more trees, when new land is needed.”
“To meet our ecological goals, we need to stop turning natural ecosystems to farmland，” Davis said. “We can achieve this in part by bringing back the land's ecological wholeness and productivity.”
Davis points to the 20×20 initiative (倡议), which has seen 18 South American and Caribbean countries commit to recovering 50m hectares of land by 2030. It includes a number of projects aimed at introducing agroforestry (混农林业) practices to cocoa and coffee farms in Colombia and Nicaragua. There farmers are encouraged to grow crops while introducing more trees to their land.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了工业化农业带来的不良影响和转向可再生农业的过程。
1．What can we learn about industrial farming
A．It existed for most of human history.
B．It changed farming methods.
C．It increased crop production steadily.
D．It reduced crop－planting areas.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Industrial farming not only increased the crop－growing areas, but changed the techniques used by farmers.”可知，工业化农业改变了农民耕作的方法。故选B。
2．Which of the following do most farmers do at present
A．Abuse the land for quick profit.
B．Desert wide areas of plantations.
C．Adopt modern technology to farm.
D．Plant more trees to satisfy global need.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，自18世纪以来，对于种植，人们一直持“快速致富计划”的心态，而不是长期投资，即直到今天，人们依然还是有“为了快速获利而滥用土地”的想法。故选A。
3．What can be inferred about the 20×20 initiative
A．It advocates eco－friendly farming.
B．It involves countries around the world.
C．It encourages farmers to develop more land.
D．It focuses on increasing cocoa and coffee output.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，20×20倡议不仅承诺到2030年恢复5，000万公顷土地，还引入了混农林业。由此可推知，该倡议倡导生态友好型农业。故选A。
4．Which is the most suitable title for the text
A．How Can We Take up Farming
B．How Can We Feed the World
C．Meeting Our Ecological Goals
D．Shifting to Regenerative Agriculture
答案：D
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，第一段提到工业革命后农业开始转向种植园；第二、三段重点介绍了工业化农业带来的不良影响；第四、五段重点介绍了转向生态友好型农业种植。由此可知，D项(转向可再生农业)最适合作为文章标题。故选D。
B
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why could certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer－causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco－machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco－machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse－like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1，600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco－machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor，” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self－repair.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。John Todd (约翰·托德)从小就喜欢探索且爱思考，他利用自然可以自我修复的原理建造了一个生态机器，来净化污水。
5．What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A．He was fond of traveling.
B．He enjoyed being alone.
C．He had an inquiring mind.
D．He longed to be a doctor.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“When John Todd was a child ... the messes people were making.”以及第二段中的“After studying agriculture ... fish can eat cancer－causing chemicals？”可推知，John好学爱问，即他有一颗爱探究的心。故选C。
6．Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A．To feed the animals.
B．To build an ecosystem.
C．To protect the plants.
D．To test the eco－machine.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“After a few weeks, John added the sludge.”以及倒数第三段“He was amazed ... was pure water. (他对结果感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物并开始食用！几周之内，它就被完全消化了，只剩下纯净水。)”可知，John把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。
7．What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A．To review John's research plans.
B．To show an application of John's idea.
C．To compare John's different jobs.
D．To erase doubts about John's invention.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years ... a city in southeast China. (这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他研发了一个类似温室的设施，用于处理来自南伯灵顿1，600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一台生态机器来净化中国东南部城市福州的运河水。)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示John想法的应用。故选B。
8．What is the basis for John's work
A．Nature can repair itself.
B．Organisms need water to survive.
C．Life on Earth is diverse.
D．Most tiny creatures live in groups.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“You put organisms in ... ways to self－repair. (你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。然后让这些新系统发展自己的自我修复方式。)”可知，John工作的基础原理是自然可以自我修复。故选A。
Ⅱ 七选五
You may see many people on their yearly camping trips, going into nature to seek a connection with something greater than themselves. You might be wondering—__1__？ Here are some simple but wonderful ways to help you connect with nature.
Slow down and be present
Probably the most important thing to remember is to learn how to slow down and be truly present with the natural world. __2__ and forget everything that isn't here in the present moment. You can focus 100% of your energy on the birds, plants, trees and animals in your surroundings.
__3__
Another big secret to feeling in touch with nature is to learn how to consciously (有意识地) use your five senses. If you ever find yourself struggling to reach a peaceful experience in nature, it's probably because your five senses are not fully used. So when you step outside, always start by giving yourself a few minutes to consciously use some of your senses. __4__．
Watch your local animals
__5__. Animals have a natural appeal because they're living, breathing, active forms of intelligence. They're cute, funny, emotional and entertaining, so this is a great next step to explore.
A．Learn some plants
B．Get into your senses
C．Take a few deep breaths
D．How do you actually do it
E．How are these things all connected
F．Connecting with animals is one of the great joys
G．For example, try to listen more deeply than before
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了三种走进自然并享受自然之美的方法。
1．答案：D
解析：本段讲述了人类亲近自然。结合后文“Here are some simple ... connect with nature.”可知，此处介绍的是一些能够与大自然联系起来的方法。D项中的“it”代指前文提到的“going into nature ... than themselves (走进大自然去寻找与比自己更伟大的事物之间的联系)”，且能够引出后文，说明走进自然的方法。故选D。
2．答案：C
解析：根据段落主旨句“Slow down and be present”可知，本段介绍的是要想走进大自然，要学会放慢脚步，享受当下。根据后文“and forget everything that isn't here in the present moment (忘掉当下不在此处的一切)”可知，后文介绍的是如何才能让自己享受当下。C项(做几次深呼吸)符合语境。故选C。
3．答案：B
解析：设空处为段落主旨句。根据后文“Another big secret ... your five senses.”可知，本段介绍的是如何有意识地运用你的五种感官去感受大自然。B项(调动你的各种感官)概括段落内容，选项中的“senses”与后文的“five senses”相呼应。故选B。
4．答案：G
解析：根据前文“So when you step outside ... your senses.”可知，我们在大自然中要有意识地运用感官。G项(例如，试着比以前更深入地倾听)承接前文，是一个如何运用我们的感官来感受自然的例子。故选G。
5．答案：F
解析：根据后文“Animals have a ... forms of intelligence.”可知，后文介绍的是动物对人类是有吸引力的。F项(与动物接触是极大的乐趣之一)引出后文。故选F。
课后课时作业(二)
Ⅰ 阅读
Tigers enjoy the reputation (名誉) of being the largest of the world's big cats. To raise people's awareness of tiger protection, International Tiger Day is celebrated annually on July 29. It was first celebrated in 2010 after it was found that 97% of all wild tigers had disappeared in the last century, with about only 3，000 of them remaining. It's not news that tigers are on the edge of extinction and International Tiger Day aims to halt the numbers from worsening. Many international organizations such as the WWF, the IFAW, and the Smithsonian Institute also celebrate International Tiger Day.
With the loss of habitats and climate change, tigers are increasingly coming into conflict with humans. The illegal trade industry is a very serious threat that wild tigers face. Demand for tiger bones, skins, and other body parts is leading to increased cases of illegal trade. Another threat that has negatively impacted the tiger population is the loss of habitats. All across the world, we are witnessing (见证) a loss of tiger habitats due to human settlements and agriculture. In fact only about 7% of the original tiger habitats are still undamaged today. And the ever－increasing habitat loss means that tigers may wander into the human population, which is worrying for both people and tigers. Experts also worry that the lack of genetic diversity among tigers can lead to inbreeding (同系繁殖) in small populations.
Tigers are now an endangered species and we must all do our bit to protect them. While protection efforts are carried out all year long, International Tiger Day reminds us to get involved in the cause. We are all dependent on each other in more ways than one, and the day makes us realize that a healthy tiger population also means a well－balanced ecosystem.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了国际老虎日的设立背景、目的以及当前老虎面临的主要威胁，并呼吁人们共同努力保护这一濒危物种以维持生态平衡。
1．What does the underlined word “halt” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A．Ban. B．Save.
C．Hide. D．Prevent.
答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“It was first celebrated ... of them remaining. (国际老虎日于2010年首次庆祝，当时人们发现97%的野生老虎在上个世纪消失了，只剩下大约3，000只。)”可推知，该节日是为了防止老虎的数量减少。prevent意为“防止”。故选D。
2．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．Tigers have been illegally traded.
B．Tigers are faced with various threats.
C．Tigers are going to where humans live.
D．Tigers' habitats are losing increasingly.
答案：B
解析：段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，老虎面临着非法贸易、栖息地丧失、同系繁殖等威胁，由此可知，本段主要讲述的是老虎面临的各种各样的威胁。故选B。
3．What role does International Tiger Day play
A．It is a reminder of protection.
B．It promotes the image of tigers.
C．It stands for a balanced ecosystem.
D．It ensures a healthy tiger population.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，虽然保护老虎的工作全年都在进行，但国际老虎日提醒我们参与到保护老虎的事业中。由此可推知，国际老虎日提醒我们应该保护老虎。故选A。
Ⅱ 完形填空
It happened on a rainy Saturday morning last month. My wife Catherine and I were driving along what some people called moose (麋鹿) alley. It was so __1__ that there were few cars on the road. __2__， a moose jumped out across our path. I had been driving for years and was __3__ in driving. In order to avoid knocking __4__ the moose, I made a quick turn to the other lane. Had I not done that, the moose might have been killed, and my wife and I might have got __5__， too. A few seconds later, when I stopped and looked back in my rear view mirror, the moose was getting up and then ran into the bush. Shaken but __6__， we both looked at each other with a surprised expression.
From then on, I often thought about the __7__ between humans and wildlife. We know that animal species have appeared and disappeared __8__ since life began on the Earth, which is a(n) __9__ phenomenon. However, animal species have been __10__ at a much faster rate for about a century now __11__ human factors such as pollution.
Certain philosophers and scientists keep repeating that if we don't save animals, how we will be able to save ourselves. A better __12__ of animals gives us a better understanding of our own species. The __13__ to protect animals and nature in general __14__ the value of a society. And all animals play roles in nature and have a right to __15__. Therefore, I think we should try our best to save endangered animals, because humans cannot live on the Earth alone.
篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。经历一次交通事故后，作者开始思考人类与动物的关系，他认为我们应该保护野生动物，因为保护它们就是保护人类自己。
1．A.remote B．peaceful
C．early D．deserted
答案：C
解析：根据上文“It happened on a rainy Saturday morning last month.”可知，在下雨的星期六早上，因为时间太早以至于路上几乎没有车。故选C。
2．A.Expectedly B．Abruptly
C．Eventually D．Obviously
答案：B
解析：expectedly 意料之中地；abruptly 突然地；eventually 最后；obviously 明显地。根据下文“a moose jumped out”可知，事发突然。故选B。
3．A.confident B．gifted
C．involved D．experienced
答案：D
解析：根据上文“I had been driving for years”可知，作者对驾驶十分有经验。experienced “有经验的”。故选D。
4．A.into B．at
C．down D．off
答案：A
解析：knock into 撞上，撞到；knock at 敲(门)；knock down 击倒，拆卸；knock off 撞落，停工。根据下文“I made a quick turn to the other lane”可知，作者迅速转到另一条小巷是为了避免撞上那头麋鹿。故选A。
5．A.lost B．shocked
C．injured D．arrested
答案：C
解析：结合上下文可知，此处指如果车撞到麋鹿，那么作者和妻子也会受伤。get injured “受伤”。故选C。
6．A.exhausted B．sound
C．thrilled D．delighted
答案：B
解析：结合上下文可知，此处指作者和妻子虽然受到惊吓但毫发无损。sound “无损伤的”。故选B。
7．A.association B．communication
C．negotiation D．relationship
答案：D
解析：根据下文“if we don't save animals, how we will be able to save ourselves(如果我们不拯救动物，我们又怎能拯救我们自己)”可知，作者感慨人与动物是相互依存的，事故发生后经常思考人与动物的关系。故选D。
8．A.exactly B．casually
C．continually D．instantly
答案：C
解析：句意：我们知道，自从地球上有生命以来，动物物种不断地出现和消失，这是一种自然现象。exactly 精确地；casually 偶然地；continually 连续不断地；instantly 立即地。故选C。
9．A.strange B．natural
C．unusual D．recent
答案：B
解析：strange 奇怪的；natural 自然的；unusual 不寻常的；recent 近来的。结合常识可知，物种的出现和消失是自然现象。故选B。
10．A.disappearing B．developing
C．promoting D．changing
答案：A
解析：根据下文“__11__ human factors such as pollution”可知，由于污染等人为因素，动物物种正在消失。故选A。
11．A.according to B．instead of
C．due to D．along with
答案：C
解析：句意：然而，近一个世纪以来，由于人为因素，比如污染，动物物种正在以更快的速度消失。according to 根据；instead of 代替；due to 由于；along with 和……一起。故选C。
12．A.treatment B．consideration
C．world D．knowledge
答案：D
解析：根据下文“a better understanding of our own species”可知，此处用“更好的了解”，符合语境， a better knowledge和a better understanding是同义词复现。故选D。
13．A.way B．law
C．hope D．will
答案：D
解析：句意：一般来说，保护动物和自然的意愿显示了一个社会的价值。结合上下文可知，此处是指人类要有主动保护动物的意愿。will “意愿”。故选D。
14．A.shows B．preserves
C．predicts D．protects
答案：A
解析：此处是指保护动物体现了社会价值。故选A。
15．A.escape B．survive
C．refuse D．select
答案：B
解析：根据下文“because humans cannot live on the Earth alone”可知，动物也有生存的权利， survive和live是同义词复现。故选B。
Ⅲ 语法填空
Butterfly Conservation (蝴蝶保护) is a term, __1__ describes the work of a number of different organizations worldwide that ask for help in species recovery, and public education towards the goal of __2__ (protect) the endangered butterfly species in the wild. They __3__ (actual) appear in many countries, including the United Kingdom and the United States.
The at risk butterflies face a lot of different threats. These include the decrease of breeding (繁殖) or habitat as a result __4__ the act of cutting down trees or natural disasters. Other factors that are threatening some varieties of butterflies include hunters, diseases and so on. Butterfly Conservation is managing__5__ (decrease) the influence of these threats on special butterfly species.
In the process of butterfly conservation, the nature of recovery can be different depending on the needs of __6__ special population. Some zoos have been taking part in captive rearing (圈养) __7__ then the wild release of certain butterfly species. For example, another type of butterfly recovery was that they__8__ (release) many caterpillars (毛虫) into two United States national __9__ (park) to support a wild population of Miami blue butterflies in 2014. Luckily, in some areas, __10__ (person) help is being offered by many landowners by making their houses backyard habitats for butterflies.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了对蝴蝶进行的保护工作并详细介绍了保护措施。
1．答案：which
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词为a term(术语)，指物，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
2．答案：protecting
解析：考查非谓语动词。介词of后接动词 ing形式。故填protecting。
3．答案：actually
解析：考查词性转换。此处应用副词修饰动词appear。故填actually。
4．答案：of
解析：考查介词。as a result of为固定短语，意为“由于”。故填of。
5．答案：to decrease
解析：考查非谓语动词。manage to do sth意为“设法做成某事”，设空处应用不定式作宾语。故填to decrease。
6．答案：a
解析：考查冠词。此处泛指一类物种，应用不定冠词，且special的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
7．答案：and
解析：考查连词。句意：一些动物园已经采取了圈养，然后将某些种类的蝴蝶放生。前后句之间是顺承关系。故填and。
8．答案：released
解析：考查动词的时态。release为谓语动词，且根据时间状语in 2014可知，应用一般过去时。故填released。
9．答案：parks
解析：考查名词。根据前文数词two可知，应用名词复数。故填parks。
10．答案：personal
解析：考查词性转换。根据设空后名词help可知，此处应用形容词作定语，表示“个人的帮助”。故填personal。
23(共117张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
Unit 5 Learning from nature
Period Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
课前预习自检
重点合作探究
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
课堂效果检测
3
课后课时作业（一）
４
课后课时作业（二）
5
课前预习自检
Nature in Architecture
建筑中的大自然
Trees, plants and flowers are all around us and we enjoy their beauty every day.
树，植物和花环绕在我们周围，每一天我们都在享受它们的美丽。
In fact, we are so used to them that we may even take them for granted without realising how much inspiration they have given us.
事实上，我们已经习惯了它们，以至于我们甚至可能把它们认为是理所当然的，却没有意识到它们带给我们多少灵感。
词句自测
①_________________ 认为……理所当然
②“主句(we are so used to them)＋结果状语从句(that we may ... have given us)”。they have given us是______从句，修饰先行词inspiration。
take ... for granted
定语
When we look at a pine cone, we might think how much it looks like the tiles on a roof.
当我们看着一个松果，我们可能会想，它看起来多像屋顶上的瓦片。
An open flower might make us think how closely it resembles an umbrella.
一朵绽放的花可能会让我们觉得它和雨伞是多么相似。
It is natural to think in this way, but of course it wasn't the umbrella that inspired the flower or the roof that inspired the pine cone.
以这种方式思考是很自然的，但当然不是雨伞启发了花朵，也不是屋顶启发了松果。
词句自测
③_________ 松果，松球
④____ n. 瓦片
pine cone
tile
Nature has inspired many of the most fascinating designs around us, including those in architecture.
大自然激发了我们周围许多最迷人的设计，包括建筑设计。
From Barcelona's forest－like Sagrada Familia to the modern style of Beijing's Water Cube, nature is presented in various architectural designs.
从巴塞罗那森林般的圣家族大教堂到现代风格的北京水立方，自然被呈现在各种各样的建筑设计中。
Today, architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms, to mimic the way nature works or even to make natural organisms part of a building.
如今，建筑师继续探索捕捉自然形式之美的方法，模仿自然运行的方式，甚至使自然生物成为建筑的一部分。
词句自测
⑤________ n. 建筑师
⑥______ v. 模仿
architect
mimic
ArtScience Museum, Singapore
艺术科学博物馆，新加坡
People whose interest is exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore's ArtScience Museum.
对探索艺术与科学之间的关系感兴趣的人会乐于参观新加坡的艺术科学博物馆。
The building was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment in which it sits.
这座建筑旨在展示自然和现代城市环境之间的联系。
词句自测
⑦“主(The building)谓(was designed)”。to show ... 是不定式短语作_____状语。
目的
Shaped to resemble a lotus flower, it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it.
它的形状像一朵莲花，它似乎漂浮在海滨长廊和周围的水面上。
Its roof collects rainwater and channels it 35 metres down to a waterfall in the centre of the space.
它的屋顶可以收集雨水，并引导雨水向下35米到达空间中心的瀑布。
The water is then recycled through the building's plumbing system.
然后，水通过建筑的管道系统循环使用。
Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms.
游客常常惊奇地发现，他们虽然置身于一座城市建筑中，在那里他们却可以如此真实地捕捉到自然形态的美丽。
词句自测
⑧______ n. 莲花，荷花
⑨__________ n. 滨水地区
⑩__________ n. 滨海步行道
________ n. 管道系统
“主(it)系(appears)表(to float)”。Shaped ... flower是过去分词短语作_____；that surrounds it是_____从句，修饰先行词water。
lotus
waterfront
promenade
plumbing
状语
定语
The Eastgate Centre, Harare
东门中心，哈拉雷
Harare's Eastgate Centre is a superb example of biomimicry.
哈拉雷的东门中心是仿生学的一个极好的例子。
To use biomimicry is to create structures based on natural forms and processes.
它是利用仿生学在自然形态和过程的基础上创造建筑结构。
词句自测
_______ adj. 极好的，出色的
___________ n. 仿生学
superb
biomimicry
Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce was inspired to create the Centre while watching a nature documentary in which termites were constructing their nests.
津巴布韦建筑师米克·皮尔斯在观看一部自然纪录片时受到启发，创建了这个中心。在这部纪录片中，白蚁正在建造它们的巢穴。
The insects built mounds covered in little holes designed to allow air to move freely in and out of the mounds.
这些昆虫建造了一个小山丘，上面布满了小洞，让空气自由进出。
In a similar way, the Eastgate Centre has a “skin” covered in holes.
用相似的方式，东门中心的“皮肤”上布满了洞。
During the day, warm air is drawn into the building through the holes, cooling as it reaches the middle of the building.
白天，暖空气通过这些洞孔被吸进建筑，当空气到达建筑中间时就会冷却下来。
At night, the heat absorbed by the wall during the day warms the cool air, creating a comfortable temperature inside.
在夜晚，白天墙壁吸收的热量会使室内的冷空气变暖，创造一个舒适的温度。
The design reduces the need for traditional air conditioning and heating systems, so the building uses less energy and costs less to run.
该设计减少了对传统空调和供暖系统的需求，因此这个建筑使用更少的能源，运行成本更低。
词句自测
_______ n. 白蚁
_______ n. 土堆，土丘
“主(Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce)谓(was inspired)主语补足语(to create the Centre)”。in which termites were constructing their nests是______从句，修饰先行词documentary。
termite
mound
定语
The Algae House, Hamburg
藻屋，汉堡
The world's first algae－powered building is in Hamburg, Germany.
世界上第一座藻类发电建筑位于德国汉堡。
The surface of the apartment building is covered in panels that contain algae.
该建筑的表面覆盖着含有藻类的面板。
The algae are fed with liquid nutrients and carbon dioxide to encourage them to grow.
藻类以液态营养和二氧化碳为养料，以促进它们的生长。
In bright sunshine, they grow faster and provide shade.
在明亮的阳光下，它们长得更快，还可以提供阴凉。
词句自测
_____ n. 藻类(植物)
________ n. 二氧化物
algae
dioxide
The panels also capture heat from the sun and convert it into energy that powers the building.
这些面板还能从太阳中获取热量，并将其转化为能量，为建筑提供电力。
And that's not all—the algae inside the panels can be harvested and used to produce fuel.
这还不是全部——面板内的藻类可以被收集并用于生产燃料。
The building therefore not only responds to its environment and uses less energy, but also reduces damage to the environment by generating its own renewable energy.
因此，建筑不仅能与环境互动，减少能源消耗，而且还能通过生产可再生能源来减少对环境的破坏。
Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.
建造这样的建筑能使我们与环境更加和谐共生。
To meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow may be a challenge, but even the simplest organisms can help teach us how to achieve this.
在保护未来世界的同时满足今天的需要可能是一个挑战，但即使是最简单的生物体也可以帮忙教我们如何实现目标。
词句自测
_______ v. 使转变；使转换
convert
重点合作探究
1 architect n. 建筑师(教材P67)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①Tinoco was one of the architects of the government's economic reforms.
蒂诺科是政府经济改革的设计师之一。
②He studied classical architecture and design in Rome.
他在罗马学习了古典建筑学和设计。
③The architectural structure of the Temple of Heaven is unique.
天坛的建筑结构很别致。
单句语法填空
①The palace is a complete hotch－potch of ___________ (architect) styles.
②Exciting artistic breakthroughs have recently occurred in the fields of painting, sculpture and ___________ (architect).
③The old city centre is ____________ (architect) rich.
architectural
architecture
architecturally
2 convert v. 使转变；使转换(教材P68)
归纳拓展
①My daughter has converted me from opera to pop music.
我女儿使我从喜欢歌剧转而喜欢流行音乐。
②Many large old houses have been converted into flats.
许多大的老房子已改建成公寓。
③She was soon converted to the socialist cause.
她不久便转而献身于社会主义事业了。
易混辨析：convert/change/vary/transform/turn convert 指进行全部或局部改变以适应新的功能或用途。指信仰或态度时，强调较激烈、大的改变
change 指任何变化，完全改变，强调与原先的情况有明显的不同
vary 暗示不规则或断断续续地变
transform 指人或物在形状、外观、形式、性质等方面发生的彻底变化，失去原状成为全新的东西
turn 指外形、颜色、气味、性质等方面的变化，比change更通俗
(1)选词填空(change/turn/vary/transform/convert)
①These machines ________ cotton into cloth.
②To this day I know that it was because I ________ my way of thinking that I completely changed my life.
③These insights can inspire and assist you in ____________ your business and attaining your goals.
④The prices of fish _____ according to market conditions.
⑤The leaves were ________ brown.
convert
changed
transforming
vary
turning
(2)单句表达
①起初他不同意我们的意见，但我们很快使他向我们的思考方式转变。
Though he didn't agree with us at first, we soon ________________ our way of thinking.
②他买这个仓库是为了将它改成一个旅馆。
He bought the warehouse with an eye to ________________ a hotel.
③这房间由厨房改成了厕所。
The room _________________ a kitchen ___ a toilet.
converted him to
converting it to/into
was converted from
to
take ... for granted 认为……理所当然(教材P66)
归纳拓展
①You can't take it for granted that they'll listen to you.
你不能想当然地认为他们会听你的话。
②I was only joking, but he took it seriously.
我是开玩笑，但他当真了。
③The candidates' experience and qualifications will be taken into consideration when the decision is made.
做决定时要考虑候选人的经验和资历。
④Take your time, don't cut corners and follow instructions to the letter.
慢慢来，不要走捷径，要按照说明去做。
(1)单句语法填空
①Some historical films and TV plays are pure light hearted entertainment, so don't take them so ________ (serious)．
②Taking everything ____ consideration, the event was a great success.
③Many children today take their parents' love ____ granted.
④Take ____ easy as there is still one more week left before the exam begins.
seriously
into
for
it
(2)单句表达
我想当然地认为他会来参加会议。
I ________________ that he will come to the meeting.
take it for granted
1 The building was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment in which it sits．(教材P67)
该建筑旨在展示自然和现代城市环境之间的联系。
剖析 in which it sits 是“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词environment。这里的in which 可以转换为where。
归纳拓展
①This is the house in which (＝where) I lived two years ago.
这就是我两年前住过的房子。
②This is the student for whom I bought the book.
这是我为其买书的那个学生。
③I'll never forget the day on which I first met him.
我永远忘不了我第一次见他的那一天。
单句语法填空
①She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction ____ which had taken more than three years.
②This is my glasses, ________ which I cannot see clearly.
③I don't know the reason ____ which he said so.
of
without
for
2 Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce was inspired to create the Centre while watching a nature documentary in which termites were constructing their nests.(教材P67)
津巴布韦建筑师米克·皮尔斯在一部大自然纪录片中看到白蚁筑造蚁穴，从中得到启发，从而设计了东门大厦。
剖析 while watching为状语从句的省略，相当于while Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce was watching。
归纳拓展
①He went through the papers while (he was) having breakfast.
他边吃早饭边浏览报纸。
②Learn to keep up a good state of mind when (you are) coming across hardship on your way to achieving your dream.
在你实现梦想的途中遇到困难时，要学会保持良好的心态。
③If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.
如果可能的话，他会帮你摆脱困境。
④Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous director.
虽然他以前是个农民，但现在却是一位著名的导演。
(1)单句语法填空
①When ________ (wait) for a bus, I met Tom.
②He won't go there with us unless _______ (invite)．
③Although _______ (do) his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.
waiting
invited
doing
(2)句型转换(改为状语从句的省略)
①When it is completed, the park will be open to the public.
→________________， the park will be open to the public.
②While I was in Beijing, I paid a visit to the Great Wall.
→________________， I paid a visit to the Great Wall.
③Though he was surprised to see us, the teacher gave us a warm welcome.
→_______________________， the teacher gave us a warm welcome.
When completed
While in Beijing
Though surprised to see us
3 At night, the heat absorbed by the wall during the day warms the cool air, creating a comfortable temperature inside.(教材P68)
夜间，墙壁吸收的热量使冷空气变暖，创造着适宜的内部温度条件。
剖析 absorbed by the wall是过去分词短语作定语，修饰the heat，可转换为定语从句the heat which is absorbed by the wall。
归纳拓展
①Who were the guests invited to your party last night
昨晚被邀请参加你们晚会的客人们是谁呀？
②Near the window, there is a bookshelf filled with many books.
靠近窗户，有一个装满很多书的书架。
③There are many fallen leaves on the ground.
地上有许多落叶。
名师点津
过去分词(短语)修饰something/everything/anything/nothing/somebody/
nobody等不定代词以及指示代词those时，要放在这些词的后面。
(1)单句语法填空
①________ (pollute) water and air are harmful to people's health.
②He is a teacher ________ (admire) by his students.
③The players ________ (select) from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.
Polluted
admired
selected
(2)单句表达
①我们准备谈一谈上次会上讨论的问题。
We are going to talk about the problem ________________________．
②报纸上没有什么报道使他感兴趣。
Nothing ________________________ interested him.
discussed at the last meeting
reported in the newspaper
课堂效果检测
Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子
1．We strolled along on the __________ (滨海步行道) eating ice－creams.
2．Tributes have poured in for a “_______ (极好的) and generous” science teacher who died after contracting the disease.
3．Ten－foot－tall ________ (土堆) give lions a place from which to survey their surroundings, just as they would do in the wild.
4．The _________ (滨水地区), once lined with factories, has been given over to parks.
5．We have renovated the old house and put in new ________ (管道系统)．
promenade
superb
mounds
waterfront
plumbing
6．The robot was programmed to m______ a series of human movements.
7．Please c_______ lowercase letters to uppercase letters.
8．As the intelligence of robots increases to match that of humans, we may use them to expand our f_______．
9．If we want a much cleaner world, we should reduce the emission of carbon d_______．
10．Strong winds blew off several t____， leaving gaps in the roof.
imic
onvert
rontiers
ioxide
iles
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．This is the iPad ____ which I spent 3，000 yuan.
2．He tried to run away but gave up when he found himself __________ (surround)．
3．When ______ (ask) about the company’s future, the director responded that he remained optimistic.
4．The glass ________ (break) by my son has been swept away.
5．The design of the modern _________ (architect) concentrates on usefulness rather than decoration.
on
surrounded
asked
broken
architecture
6．Don't take it for ________ (grant) that all those who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be most successful.
7．The position, however, ____ which you are applying, is not quite a well－paid one.
8．It was he ________ met my grandfather at the street.
9．By now, we ___________ (raise) 50，000 pounds for the poor children, which is quite unexpected.
10．We would like to convert the loft ________ another bedroom.
granted
for
who/that
have raised
to/into
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．Some of us always _____ it __________ that our parents or grandparents should take care of us.
2．He wanted to ________ his dollars _____ Japanese yen.
take
be used to, in harmony with, be based on, take ... for granted, convert ... into
for granted
convert
into
3．The article ____________ guesses about what might happen in the future.
4．As the little boy ____________ drinking milk now, he doesn't want to eat any other food.
5．We must try to live _______________ ourselves and those around us.
is based on
is used to
in harmony with
Ⅳ.单句表达
1．我们带了很多厚衣服保暖。
Many thick clothes have been brought ____________．
2．刚才被警方询问的目击者们对这场打斗的描述截然不同。
The witnesses ____________________ just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.
to keep warm
questioned by the police
3．我有一个梦想，那就是人类能与美丽的大自然和谐共处。
I have a dream that human will __________________________________．
4．当我独自在街上散步时，我听到有人叫我的名字。(状语从句的省略)
________________________ in the street, I heard my name called.
5．你还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？(介词＋关系代词)
Do you remember the day ________________________？
live in harmony with the beautiful nature
While/When walking alone
on which you joined our club
课后课时作业（一）
Ⅰ 阅读
A
For most of human history, people raised crops and livestock to feed their households rather than to sell them for profit. This began to shift after the Industrial Revolution, which saw the rise of plantation farming.
Industrial farming not only increased the crop－growing areas, but changed the techniques used by farmers. Instead of switching the crops that were grown on a field each year, entire plantations would be devoted to a single crop. This approach and intensive modes of farming led to destruction of local biodiversity and land worsening within years, fields would cease to produce crops.
Plantations of the 18th and 19th centuries were a “get rich quick plan” rather than a long－term investment. Once a field became unusable, plantation owners would simply move on to new land. Up to the end of the 19th century, wide areas of our planet were still not claimed by global modernity. But today, while we are quickly running out of vegetative (覆盖植被的) land, this mindset continues. “Farmers still hold the view that land is cheap and limitless，” said Crystal Davis from the World Resources Institute. “Most of them just cut down more trees, when new land is needed.”
“To meet our ecological goals, we need to stop turning natural ecosystems to farmland，” Davis said. “We can achieve this in part by bringing back the land's ecological wholeness and productivity.”
Davis points to the 20×20 initiative (倡议), which has seen 18 South American and Caribbean countries commit to recovering 50m hectares of land by 2030. It includes a number of projects aimed at introducing agroforestry (混农林业) practices to cocoa and coffee farms in Colombia and Nicaragua. There farmers are encouraged to grow crops while introducing more trees to their land.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了工业化农业带来的不良影响和转向可再生农业的过程。
1．What can we learn about industrial farming
A．It existed for most of human history.
B．It changed farming methods.
C．It increased crop production steadily.
D．It reduced crop－planting areas.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Industrial farming not only increased the crop－growing areas, but changed the techniques used by farmers.”可知，工业化农业改变了农民耕作的方法。故选B。
2．Which of the following do most farmers do at present
A．Abuse the land for quick profit.
B．Desert wide areas of plantations.
C．Adopt modern technology to farm.
D．Plant more trees to satisfy global need.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，自18世纪以来，对于种植，人们一直持“快速致富计划”的心态，而不是长期投资，即直到今天，人们依然还是有“为了快速获利而滥用土地”的想法。故选A。
3．What can be inferred about the 20×20 initiative
A．It advocates eco－friendly farming.
B．It involves countries around the world.
C．It encourages farmers to develop more land.
D．It focuses on increasing cocoa and coffee output.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，20×20倡议不仅承诺到2030年恢复5，000万公顷土地，还引入了混农林业。由此可推知，该倡议倡导生态友好型农业。故选A。
4．Which is the most suitable title for the text
A．How Can We Take up Farming
B．How Can We Feed the World
C．Meeting Our Ecological Goals
D．Shifting to Regenerative Agriculture
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，第一段提到工业革命后农业开始转向种植园；第二、三段重点介绍了工业化农业带来的不良影响；第四、五段重点介绍了转向生态友好型农业种植。由此可知，D项(转向可再生农业)最适合作为文章标题。故选D。
B
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why could certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer－causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco－machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge
(污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco－machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse－like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1，600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco－machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor，” he says.“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self－repair.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。John Todd (约翰·托德)从小就喜欢探索且爱思考，他利用自然可以自我修复的原理建造了一个生态机器，来净化污水。
5．What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A．He was fond of traveling.
B．He enjoyed being alone.
C．He had an inquiring mind.
D．He longed to be a doctor.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“When John Todd was a child ... the messes people were making.”以及第二段中的“After studying agriculture ... fish can eat cancer－causing chemicals？”可推知，John好学爱问，即他有一颗爱探究的心。故选C。
6．Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A．To feed the animals.
B．To build an ecosystem.
C．To protect the plants.
D．To test the eco－machine.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“After a few weeks, John added the sludge.”以及倒数第三段“He was amazed ... was pure water. (他对结果感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物并开始食用！几周之内，它就被完全消化了，只剩下纯净水。)”可知，John把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。
7．What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A．To review John's research plans.
B．To show an application of John's idea.
C．To compare John's different jobs.
D．To erase doubts about John's invention.
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years ... a city in southeast China. (这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他研发了一个类似温室的设施，用于处理来自南伯灵顿1，600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一台生态机器来净化中国东南部城市福州的运河水。)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示John想法的应用。故选B。
8．What is the basis for John's work
A．Nature can repair itself.
B．Organisms need water to survive.
C．Life on Earth is diverse.
D．Most tiny creatures live in groups.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“You put organisms in ... ways to self－repair. (你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。然后让这些新系统发展自己的自我修复方式。)”可知，John工作的基础原理是自然可以自我修复。故选A。
Ⅱ 七选五
You may see many people on their yearly camping trips, going into nature to seek a connection with something greater than themselves. You might be wondering—__1__？ Here are some simple but wonderful ways to help you connect with nature.
Slow down and be present
Probably the most important thing to remember is to learn how to slow down and be truly present with the natural world. __2__ and forget everything that isn't here in the present moment. You can focus 100% of your energy on the birds, plants, trees and animals in your surroundings.
__3__
Another big secret to feeling in touch with nature is to learn how to consciously (有意识地) use your five senses. If you ever find yourself struggling to reach a peaceful experience in nature, it's probably because your five senses are not fully used. So when you step outside, always start by giving yourself a few minutes to consciously use some of your senses. __4__．
Watch your local animals
__5__. Animals have a natural appeal because they're living, breathing, active forms of intelligence. They're cute, funny, emotional and entertaining, so this is a great next step to explore.
A．Learn some plants
B．Get into your senses
C．Take a few deep breaths
D．How do you actually do it
E．How are these things all connected
F．Connecting with animals is one of the great joys
G．For example, try to listen more deeply than before
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了三种走进自然并享受自然之美的方法。
1．答案：D
解析：本段讲述了人类亲近自然。结合后文“Here are some simple ... connect with nature.”可知，此处介绍的是一些能够与大自然联系起来的方法。D项中的“it”代指前文提到的“going into nature ... than themselves (走进大自然去寻找与比自己更伟大的事物之间的联系)”，且能够引出后文，说明走进自然的方法。故选D。
2．答案：C
解析：根据段落主旨句“Slow down and be present”可知，本段介绍的是要想走进大自然，要学会放慢脚步，享受当下。根据后文“and forget everything that isn't here in the present moment (忘掉当下不在此处的一切)”可知，后文介绍的是如何才能让自己享受当下。C项(做几次深呼吸)符合语境。故选C。
解析：设空处为段落主旨句。根据后文“Another big secret ... your five senses.”可知，本段介绍的是如何有意识地运用你的五种感官去感受大自然。B项(调动你的各种感官)概括段落内容，选项中的“senses”与后文的“five senses”相呼应。故选B。
3．答案：B
解析：根据前文“So when you step outside ... your senses.”可知，我们在大自然中要有意识地运用感官。G项(例如，试着比以前更深入地倾听)承接前文，是一个如何运用我们的感官来感受自然的例子。故选G。
4．答案：G
解析：根据后文“Animals have a ... forms of intelligence.”可知，后文介绍的是动物对人类是有吸引力的。F项(与动物接触是极大的乐趣之一)引出后文。故选F。
5．答案：F
课后课时作业（二）
Ⅰ 阅读
Tigers enjoy the reputation (名誉) of being the largest of the world's big cats. To raise people's awareness of tiger protection, International Tiger Day is celebrated annually on July 29. It was first celebrated in 2010 after it was found that 97% of all wild tigers had disappeared in the last century, with about only 3，000 of them remaining. It's not news that tigers are on the edge of extinction and International Tiger Day aims to halt the numbers from worsening. Many international organizations such as the WWF, the IFAW, and the Smithsonian Institute also celebrate International Tiger Day.
With the loss of habitats and climate change, tigers are increasingly coming into conflict with humans. The illegal trade industry is a very serious threat that wild tigers face. Demand for tiger bones, skins, and other body parts is leading to increased cases of illegal trade. Another threat that has negatively impacted the tiger population is the loss of habitats. All across the world, we are witnessing (见证) a loss of tiger habitats due to human settlements and agriculture. In fact only about 7% of the original tiger habitats are still undamaged today. And the ever－increasing habitat loss means that tigers may wander into the human population, which is worrying for both people and tigers. Experts also worry that the lack of genetic diversity among tigers can lead to inbreeding (同系繁殖) in small populations.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了国际老虎日的设立背景、目的以及当前老虎面临的主要威胁，并呼吁人们共同努力保护这一濒危物种以维持生态平衡。
Tigers are now an endangered species and we must all do our bit to protect them. While protection efforts are carried out all year long, International Tiger Day reminds us to get involved in the cause. We are all dependent on each other in more ways than one, and the day makes us realize that a healthy tiger population also means a well－balanced ecosystem.
1．What does the underlined word “halt” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A．Ban. B．Save.
C．Hide. D．Prevent.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“It was first celebrated ... of them remaining. (国际老虎日于2010年首次庆祝，当时人们发现97%的野生老虎在上个世纪消失了，只剩下大约3，000只。)”可推知，该节日是为了防止老虎的数量减少。prevent意为“防止”。故选D。
2．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．Tigers have been illegally traded.
B．Tigers are faced with various threats.
C．Tigers are going to where humans live.
D．Tigers' habitats are losing increasingly.
解析：段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，老虎面临着非法贸易、栖息地丧失、同系繁殖等威胁，由此可知，本段主要讲述的是老虎面临的各种各样的威胁。故选B。
3．What role does International Tiger Day play
A．It is a reminder of protection.
B．It promotes the image of tigers.
C．It stands for a balanced ecosystem.
D．It ensures a healthy tiger population.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，虽然保护老虎的工作全年都在进行，但国际老虎日提醒我们参与到保护老虎的事业中。由此可推知，国际老虎日提醒我们应该保护老虎。故选A。
Ⅱ 完形填空
It happened on a rainy Saturday morning last month. My wife Catherine and I were driving along what some people called moose (麋鹿) alley. It was so __1__ that there were few cars on the road. __2__， a moose jumped out across our path. I had been driving for years and was __3__ in driving. In order to avoid knocking __4__ the moose, I made a quick turn to the other lane. Had I not done that, the moose might have been killed, and my wife and I might have got __5__， too. A few seconds later, when I stopped and looked back in my rear view mirror, the moose was getting up and then ran into the bush. Shaken but __6__， we both looked at each other with a surprised expression.
From then on, I often thought about the __7__ between humans and wildlife. We know that animal species have appeared and disappeared __8__ since life began on the Earth, which is a(n) __9__ phenomenon. However, animal species have been __10__ at a much faster rate for about a century now __11__ human factors such as pollution.
Certain philosophers and scientists keep repeating that if we don't save animals, how we will be able to save ourselves. A better __12__ of animals gives us a better understanding of our own species. The __13__ to protect animals and nature in general __14__ the value of a society. And all animals play roles in nature and have a right to __15__. Therefore, I think we should try our best to save endangered animals, because humans cannot live on the Earth alone.
篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。经历一次交通事故后，作者开始思考人类与动物的关系，他认为我们应该保护野生动物，因为保护它们就是保护人类自己。
1．A.remote B．peaceful
C．early D．deserted
解析：根据上文“It happened on a rainy Saturday morning last month.”可知，在下雨的星期六早上，因为时间太早以至于路上几乎没有车。故选C。
2．A.Expectedly B．Abruptly
C．Eventually D．Obviously
解析： expectedly 意料之中地；abruptly 突然地；eventually 最后；obviously 明显地。根据下文“a moose jumped out”可知，事发突然。故选B。
3．A.confident B．gifted
C．involved D．experienced
解析：根据上文“I had been driving for years”可知，作者对驾驶十分有经验。experienced “有经验的”。故选D。
4．A.into B．at
C．down D．off
解析： knock into 撞上，撞到；knock at 敲(门)；knock down 击倒，拆卸；knock off 撞落，停工。根据下文“I made a quick turn to the other lane”可知，作者迅速转到另一条小巷是为了避免撞上那头麋鹿。故选A。
5．A.lost B．shocked
C．injured D．arrested
解析：结合上下文可知，此处指如果车撞到麋鹿，那么作者和妻子也会受伤。get injured “受伤”。故选C。
6．A.exhausted B．sound
C．thrilled D．delighted
解析：结合上下文可知，此处指作者和妻子虽然受到惊吓但毫发无损。sound “无损伤的”。故选B。
7．A.association B．communication
C．negotiation D．relationship
解析：根据下文“if we don't save animals, how we will be able to save ourselves(如果我们不拯救动物，我们又怎能拯救我们自己)”可知，作者感慨人与动物是相互依存的，事故发生后经常思考人与动物的关系。故选D。
8．A.exactly B．casually
C．continually D．instantly
解析：句意：我们知道，自从地球上有生命以来，动物物种不断地出现和消失，这是一种自然现象。exactly 精确地；casually 偶然地；continually 连续不断地；instantly 立即地。故选C。
9．A.strange B．natural
C．unusual D．recent
解析： strange 奇怪的；natural 自然的；unusual 不寻常的；recent 近来的。结合常识可知，物种的出现和消失是自然现象。故选B。
10．A.disappearing B．developing
C．promoting D．changing
解析：根据下文“__11__ human factors such as pollution”可知，由于污染等人为因素，动物物种正在消失。故选A。
11．A.according to B．instead of
C．due to D．along with
解析：句意：然而，近一个世纪以来，由于人为因素，比如污染，动物物种正在以更快的速度消失。according to 根据；instead of 代替；due to 由于；along with 和……一起。故选C。
12．A.treatment B．consideration
C．world D．knowledge
解析：根据下文“a better understanding of our own species”可知，此处用“更好的了解”，符合语境， a better knowledge和a better understanding是同义词复现。故选D。
13．A.way B．law
C．hope D．will
解析：句意：一般来说，保护动物和自然的意愿显示了一个社会的价值。结合上下文可知，此处是指人类要有主动保护动物的意愿。will “意愿”。故选D。
14．A.shows B．preserves
C．predicts D．protects
解析：此处是指保护动物体现了社会价值。故选A。
15．A.escape B．survive
C．refuse D．select
解析：根据下文“because humans cannot live on the Earth alone”可知，动物也有生存的权利， survive和live是同义词复现。故选B。
Ⅲ 语法填空
Butterfly Conservation (蝴蝶保护) is a term, __1__ describes the work of a number of different organizations worldwide that ask for help in species recovery, and public education towards the goal of __2__ (protect) the endangered butterfly species in the wild. They __3__ (actual) appear in many countries, including the United Kingdom and the United States.
The at risk butterflies face a lot of different threats. These include the decrease of breeding (繁殖) or habitat as a result __4__ the act of cutting down trees or natural disasters. Other factors that are threatening some varieties of butterflies include hunters, diseases and so on. Butterfly Conservation is managing__5__ (decrease) the influence of these threats on special butterfly species.
In the process of butterfly conservation, the nature of recovery can be different depending on the needs of __6__ special population. Some zoos have been taking part in captive rearing (圈养) __7__ then the wild release of certain butterfly species. For example, another type of butterfly recovery was that they__8__ (release) many caterpillars (毛虫) into two United States national __9__ (park) to support a wild population of Miami blue butterflies in 2014. Luckily, in some areas, __10__ (person) help is being offered by many landowners by making their houses backyard habitats for butterflies.
1．________ 2．________ 3．________ 4．________ 5．________
6．________ 7．________ 8．________ 9．________ 10．________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了对蝴蝶进行的保护工作并详细介绍了保护措施。
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词为a term(术语)，指物，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
1．答案：which
解析：考查非谓语动词。介词of后接动词 ing形式。故填protecting。
2．答案：protecting
解析：考查词性转换。此处应用副词修饰动词appear。故填actually。
3．答案：actually
解析：考查介词。as a result of为固定短语，意为“由于”。故填of。
4．答案：of
解析：考查非谓语动词。manage to do sth意为“设法做成某事”，设空处应用不定式作宾语。故填to decrease。
5．答案：to decrease
解析：考查冠词。此处泛指一类物种，应用不定冠词，且special的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
6．答案：a
解析：考查连词。句意：一些动物园已经采取了圈养，然后将某些种类的蝴蝶放生。前后句之间是顺承关系。故填and。
7．答案：and
解析：考查动词的时态。release为谓语动词，且根据时间状语in 2014可知，应用一般过去时。故填released。
8．答案：released
解析：考查名词。根据前文数词two可知，应用名词复数。故填parks。
9．答案：parks
解析：考查词性转换。根据设空后名词help可知，此处应用形容词作定语，表示“个人的帮助”。故填personal。
10．答案：personal
