英语 选择性必修 第三册 WY
Period Ⅱ Using language—Grammar & Integrated skills
Grammar (动词不定式复习(1)——作主语、宾语和表语)
①To do morning exercise is useful for our health.
②Pop art aimed to show ordinary twentieth－century city life.
③Instead, a picture should attempt to show the “life” of its subject.
④My ambition is to work for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up.
⑤To complete the 30－story building in one year was quite a difficult task.
⑥My prime concern is to protect my property.
(1)例句①⑤中的动词不定式作__________。
(2)例句②③中的动词不定式作__________。
(3)例句④⑥中的动词不定式作__________。
答案：(1)主语 (2)宾语 (3)表语
一、动词不定式作主语
1.不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的、将来的动作或一般情况。作主语的不定式有时态和语态的变化；且谓语动词通常用单数。
To hesitate means failure.
犹豫不决就意味着失败。
To know everything is to know nothing.
样样皆通，样样稀松。
To smoke so much is not very good for you.
抽这么多烟对你身体不太好。
2．有时候为了保持句子平衡，也可以用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式(短语)后置。
It is our duty to give as much help as possible.
提供尽可能多的帮助是我们的职责。
名师点津 不定式的复合结构由“for/of sb to do”构成，sb是不定式动作的发出者，为不定式的逻辑主语。若形容词描述事物，用for；若形容词描述不定式行为者的性格或品质，用of。 It's difficult for us to finish the work. 对我们来说，完成这项工作是困难的。 It's clever of you to work out the maths problem. 你真聪明，解出了这道数学题。
(1)单句语法填空
①________ (stop) the work now seems already impossible.
②________ (finish) the work in ten minutes is very hard.
③It was foolish of you ________ (give) up what you rightly owned.
答案：①To stop ②To finish ③to give
(2)选词填空(for/of)
①It is so kind ________ you to do me such a good favour.
②I don't think it right ________ you to say so absurd a requirement.
答案：①of ②for
(3)句型转换
To give up smoking is right.
→____________________ smoking.
答案：It is right to give up
二、动词不定式作宾语
1．不定式作宾语时，往往跟在某些及物动词后面，常见的有： agree (同意), offer (提出), intend/plan (打算，计划), demand (要求), promise (答应), help (帮忙), prepare (准备), decide (决定), refuse (拒绝), choose (选择), wish/hope/want/expect (希望，想要), fail (失败), pretend (假装), manage (设法), determine (决心), beg (恳求，祈求), arrange (安排，准备), threaten (威胁), claim (声称), aim (以……为目标), hesitate (犹豫不决)等。
We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn't turned up yet.
我们约好在此地见面，但是她到现在还没有露面。
They managed to finish the work on time.
他们成功按时完成了工作。
名师点津 歌诀巧记常接动词不定式作宾语的动词： 同意提出作计划，要求答应来帮忙。 准备决定遭拒绝，敢于选择有希望。 不能做到莫假装，设法做成决心强。 恳求安排又威胁，声称目标不犹豫。
2．“疑问词＋不定式”结构作宾语
“疑问词(who, which, when, where, how, what等)＋不定式”结构在句中起名词的作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语。
这类动词有： teach, remember, forget, decide, wonder, show, learn, consider, know等。
He taught me how to cook.
他教我如何做饭。
Have you decided where to spend your holiday
你决定去哪里度假了吗？
3．it作形式宾语，不定式为真正的宾语，可以用于该句型的动词有： consider, make, feel, find, think等。
He feels it his duty to help others.
他觉得帮助别人是他的职责。
He found it hard to learn maths well.
他发现学好数学很难。
(1)单句语法填空
①I find it pleasant ________ (work) with him.
②I promise ________ (do) everything I can to help you.
③You have to know where ________ (stand) for a good viewpoint.
答案：①to work ②to do ③to stand
(2)单句表达
①这个新药使治疗这种可怕的疾病成为可能。
The new medicine ______________________ this terrible disease.
②我可以告诉你在哪里买这本书。
I can tell you ________________ this book.
③他厌倦每天做相同的事情，决定换工作。
He is tired of doing the same work every day and decides ____________________.
答案：①makes it possible to treat ②where to buy ③to change his job
4．动词不定式作宾语与动词－ing形式作宾语的用法区别
(1)可接动名词和不定式作宾语但意义不同的动词(短语)
①remember to do sth 记住去做某事
remember doing sth 记得曾经做过某事
②forget to do sth 忘记去做某事
forget doing sth 忘记已经做过某事
③stop to do sth 停下来做另外一件事(此处不定式作状语)
stop doing sth 停止正在做的事
④mean to do sth 打算做某事
mean doing sth 意味着做某事
⑤regret to do sth 遗憾要去做某事
regret doing sth 后悔已经做过某事
⑥try to do sth 努力做某事
try doing sth 试着做某事
⑦go on to do sth 继续做某事(完成一件事，接着做另一件事)
go on doing sth 继续做某事(同一件事)
⑧can't help (to) do sth 不能帮忙做某事
can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事
—Remember to return the bat to me.
—But I remember having returned it to you.
——记住把球拍还给我。
——可是我记得已经还给你了。
—That would mean wasting a lot of labour.
—Really I don't mean to waste any labour.
——那将意味着浪费许多劳动力。
——是吗？我没打算浪费任何劳动力。
At the amusing performance, the audience couldn't help laughing.
看到这滑稽的表演，观众们不禁笑了起来。
I'm busy studying, so I can't help (to) do the housework.
我忙着学习，所以不能帮忙做家务。
(2)可接动名词和不定式作宾语且意义差别不大的动词
①hate, love, like, prefer等动词后接不定式和动名词作宾语时，意义虽相同，内涵却有些区别：接不定式作宾语时，多表示一次性的、具体的动作；接动名词作宾语时，多表示习惯性的、一般性的动作。
I like swimming, but I don't like to swim in this river.
我喜欢游泳，但是我不喜欢在这条河里游泳。
②begin, start, continue等少数几个动词后接动名词或不定式作宾语时意义基本相同。但如果 begin, start 等用于进行时态，或其主语是物而非人时，须用不定式。
Tom began to learn/learning how to use a computer.
汤姆开始学习如何使用电脑。
She was starting to do her homework.
她开始做作业。
(3)need, want, require作“需要”讲时，若句子的主语为物，且句子的主语和谓语动词后的非谓语动词之间是被动关系时，这些动词后面可接动词－ing形式的主动式，也可接不定式的被动式。
The windows need cleaning.
＝The windows need to be cleaned.
窗户需要擦了。
单句语法填空
①Missing the train means ________ (wait) for another hour.
②After finishing her homework, my sister went on ________ (do) some housework.
③Try ________ (knock) at the back door and see whether he is in or not.
④We've had a good start, but more work needs ________ (do) to achieve the final success.
⑤My grandfather always forgets to take the keys but he always says that he remembers ________ (take) them.
⑥She likes ________， but she doesn't like ________ with him; she'd like ________ with her friend. (dance)
⑦In England Marx went on ________ English; after mastering English he went on ________ Russian. (study)
答案：①waiting ②to do ③knocking ④doing/to be done ⑤taking ⑥dancing; to dance; to dance ⑦studying; to study
三、动词不定式作表语
1．不定式作表语通常表示具体的或将来的动作。
To do two things at a time is to do neither.
一次做两件事等于什么也不做。
2．不定式作表语与动名词作表语的用法区别：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。
Her job is teaching.
她的职业是教书。
名师点津 如果主语是不定式(表示条件)，表语也用不定式(表示结果)；如果主语是动名词，表语也用动名词。 To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. 对敌人仁慈就是对人民残酷。 Helping others is helping yourself. 帮助别人就是帮助自己。
单句表达
①如果我没钱，我该怎么办？
________________________________________________________________________ if I have no money
②据我所知，他喜欢的是绘画。
As far as I know, _________________________________________________________________.
答案：①What am I to do ②what he likes is painting
Vocabulary
employ v. 使用，运用(教材P71)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①For the past three years he has been employed as a firefighter.
三年来他一直受雇当消防员。
②The boss employed a secretary to help him with his work.
老板雇来一位秘书来帮助他的工作。
③The manager employed himself in making a future plan for his company.
经理忙于为公司制定将来的计划。
④The state of employment in this city is improving.
这个城市的就业状况正在改善。
(1)用employ的适当形式填空
①Our company ________ about one hundred people.
②Changes in farming methods have badly affected ________ in the area.
③Their situations are now changed—employee has become ________．
答案：①employed ②employment ③employer
(2)单句表达
在中世纪，商人为了促销他们的货物雇用街头公告员来大声地读公告。
In the Middle Ages, merchants ________ “town criers” ____________ public messages aloud to promote their goods.
答案：employed; to read
Ⅰ.根据语境及首字母提示完成句子
1．I hung my wet s________ on the balcony and twenty minutes later it was dry.
答案：swimsuit
2．John Snow was a famous doctor in London—so expert that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal p________．
答案：physician
3．He is not such a fool as he looks like; in fact, he's a man of great w________ who appears stupid.
答案：wisdom
4．More scientists are e________ in studies to develop new medicines.
答案：employed
5．Before s________ seeds in the spring, one must first till the land.
答案：sowing
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．If you don't waste your money, you can afford ________ (buy) the new car.
答案：to buy
2．It is not always easy ________ (refuse) invitations.
答案：to refuse
3．________ (save) money now seems impossible.
答案：To save/Saving
4．She was employed ________ making a list of all the jobs to be done.
答案：in
5．Her wish is ________ (become) an engineer.
答案：to become
6．We plan ________ (paint) more paintings this year.
答案：to paint
7．Companies hire you because they seek solutions ________ business problems.
答案：to
8．His ambition is ________ (go) to Harvard University.
答案：to go
9．________ (inspire) by what he said, we are determined to study harder.
答案：Inspired
10．I find it difficult for me ________ (understand) the purpose of his speech.
答案：to understand
Ⅲ.单句表达
1．你能来看我真是太好了。
It's very nice ________________________．
答案：of you to come to see me
2．他最大的愿望是能再次见到自己的孙子孙女。
His dearest wish is ______________________．
答案：to see his grandchildren again
3．他们到现在还没有决定什么时候离开。
They haven't decided ________________ so far.
答案：when to leave
4．在推迟退休方面，中国人可以从以前的皇帝身上获取灵感。
In deferring retirement the Chinese can ________________ their former Emperors.
答案：take inspiration from
5．古老的智慧已经经受了时间的考验。
________________ has stood the test of time.
答案：Ancient wisdom
6．本文正是就这两个问题寻求解决方法。
This dissertation tries to ________________ these two issues.
答案：seek solutions to
7．他谎称自己是记者，设法进来了。
He pretended ________________ and managed to get in.
答案：to be a reporter
8．我当时碰巧正在采访那件事。
I happened ________________ the event then.
答案：to be covering
9．我们聘用了一位专家担任新技术顾问。
We ________________________ on new technology.
答案：employed an expert to advise/as an adviser
10．在2月或3月把种子播种在温暖的地方。
________________________ in February or March.
答案：Sow the seeds in a warm place
课后课时作业
Ⅰ 完形填空
I was out in my fields, spade in hand, planting trees this morning. I feel good when I do it, knowing that long after I am gone, these trees will __1__ high above the land, providing oxygen for humans not yet born and __2__ the carbon dioxide from the air.
Each spring, as I am __3__， my mind goes back to a __4__ I have of my grandfather, walking with him on the land, listening to his __5__ and learning about nature. He often told a story which has __6__ in my imagination all these years.
It was in the early 1900s, a man lost his wife and daughter to a terrible disease. Filled with __7__， he decided to take up the __8__ occupation of shepherd in the hills. He was about 55 years of age at that time, and as he __9__ his sheep, he looked around and saw the land was __10__. Then the old man felt he needed to do something to help the land __11__， for it had once been a splendid green forest.
He collected some __12__ of oak trees from other places, __13__ watered them and cared for the young trees that sprouted the next year. For the rest of his life, he planted every day. No one knew his story until he was 90 years old. Yet he __14__ to plant, perhaps only five trees a day. At that time, the hill had become a green forest, __15__ as far as people could see.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在幼时受祖父影响，早早懂得了人与自然共生的道理。
1．A.survive B．tower
C．shape D．react
答案：B
解析：根据上文“I feel good when I do it, knowing that long after I am gone”可知，作者觉得多年以后这些树会长成参天大树，高高耸立。tower “高耸；超越”。故选B。
2．A.applying B．adding
C．receiving D．cleaning
答案：D
解析：apply 申请；add 增加；receive 接到，收到；clean 清洁，使……干净。根据生活常识可知，树木可以清除空气中的二氧化碳。故选D。
3．A.thinking B．walking
C．planting D．wondering
答案：C
解析：根据上文“I was out in my fields, spade in hand, planting trees this morning.”可知，作者在植树的时候，回想起祖父。故选C。
4．A.imagination B．memory
C．regret D．word
答案：B
解析：句意：每年春天，在我植树的时候，我的思绪就会回到我对祖父的记忆中，和他一起漫步在这片土地上，听他讲故事，了解大自然。imagination 想象；memory 回忆；记忆；regret 后悔；word 单词。故选B。
5．A.stories B．complains
C．laughter D．songs
答案：A
解析：根据下文“He often told a story which has __6__ in my imagination all these years.”可知，作者常听祖父讲故事。故选A。
6．A.brought B．got
C．stuck D．put
答案：C
解析：句意：他经常讲一个这么多年来一直萦绕在我脑海中的故事。根据句意可知，祖父给作者常讲的一个故事一直萦绕在作者脑海中。stick “停留；萦绕”。故选C。
7．A.anger B．sorrow
C．anxiety D．dreams
答案：B
解析：根据上文“It was in the early 1900s, a man lost his wife and daughter to a terrible disease.”可知，失去了妻子和女儿，那个人悲痛欲绝。故选B。
8．A.special B．lonely
C．rewarding D．appealing
答案：B
解析：句意：悲痛欲绝，他决定在山上做一个孤独的牧羊人。故选B。
9．A.attended B．moved
C．exhibited D．lost
答案：A
解析：根据上文“shepherd”可知，他是牧羊人，负责照看羊群。故选A。
10．A.ridiculous B．superb
C．charming D．bare
答案：D
解析：根据下文“He collected some __12__ of oak trees from other places”可知，老人决定种树是因为看到山上没有树，光秃秃的。故选D。
11．A.appear B．grow
C．recover D．spread
答案：C
解析：根据下文“for it had once been a splendid green forest”可知，那个老人想让这片土地恢复到原来郁郁葱葱的样子。故选C。
12．A.branches B．seeds
C．flowers D．leaves
答案：B
解析：根据下文“and cared for the young trees that sprouted the next year”可知，那个老人将种子种下，这些种子后来发芽了。故选B。
13．A.faithfully B．desperately
C．anxiously D．lovingly
答案：D
解析：根据下文“watered them and cared for the young trees that sprouted the next year”可知，老人悉心浇灌并照料那些小树苗。lovingly “悉心地”。故选D。
14．A.attempted B．competed
C．continued D．forgot
答案：C
解析：attempt 试图；compete 竞争；continue 继续；forget 忘记。根据上文“he planted every day”和“he was 90 years old”可知，尽管90岁高龄，老人还是继续每天种树。故选C。
15．A.spreading out B．bringing about
C．wandering about D．leading to
答案：A
解析：句意：那时，小山已经变成了一片绿色的森林，一直延伸到人们目光所及之处。spread out 延伸；bring about 引起；wander about 徘徊，漫步；lead to 通向。故选A。
Ⅱ 语法填空
In the past few years, a large number of men and women __1__ (choose) to do something less competitive. __2__ they are concerned about is that the stress of work will rob them of joy and happiness and bring them harm both physically __3__ mentally.
__4__ a matter of fact, however, stress isn't such a bad thing. Above all, unless it gets out of control, a certain amount of stress is important as it __5__ (provide) motivation and challenge, and purpose to an otherwise meaningless life. In addition, people under stress tend __6__ (achieve) their full potential and to realize their own __7__ (person) worth—the very aim of a human life. Last but not least, research has showed that modest amounts of stress can __8__ (strength) the immune system and be good for health.
Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to escape. __9__ (develope) our adaptive ability to deal with stress can stop us from __10__ (defeat) by the competitive society.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了压力并不是一件坏事，适度的压力会给我们带来好处。
1.答案：have chosen/have been choosing
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语In the past few years可知，应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，且主语a large number of men and women为复数，应用助动词have。故填have chosen/have been choosing。
2．答案：What
解析：考查主语从句的连接词。此处引导主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，设空处意为“……的事”，且句首单词首字母应大写。故填What。
3．答案：and
解析：考查连词。此处为both A and B结构，both physically and mentally意为“在身体上和心理上”。故填and。
4．答案：As
解析：考查介词。句意：然而，事实上，压力并不是一件坏事。as a matter of fact意为“事实上，实际上”，且句首单词首字母应大写。故填As。
5．答案：provides
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。主语it为单数，与provide之间为主动关系，且此句描述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故填provides。
6．答案：to achieve
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：而且，有压力的人往往会激发他们的潜力，并实现他们自己的价值。此处tend to do sth意为“往往会做某事”，应用动词不定式作宾语。故填to achieve。
7．答案：personal
解析：考查词性转换。此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词worth，personal意为“个人的”。故填personal。
8．答案：strengthen
解析：考查词性转换和情态动词。此处应用动词作谓语，并根据情态动词can可知，应用动词原形。故填strengthen。
9．答案：Developing
解析：考查非谓语动词。设空处应用动名词作主语，且句首单词首字母应大写。故填Developing。
10．答案：being defeated
解析：考查非谓语动词。stop sb from doing sth意为“阻止某人做某事”，且宾语us与defeat之间为被动关系。故填being defeated。
Ⅲ 读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
You all might have heard the saying “busy as a beaver”； now we appreciate this saying as we have seen the work this beaver did over a very short period of time. It started last fall when we had a beaver move into the small stream beside our house. He immediately began taking down small trees, and within a couple of weeks our small stream turned into a small pond. Every day he added more to his dam and his house.
With the stream now dammed and his house built, we thought that would be the last of the beaver's busy activity as winter set in. But, to our amazement, he started chewing on a very large maple tree. The tree was over 60 feet tall and was approximately five feet in diameter at the base. We were amazed at the challenge this beaver was attempting. Over the winter, he would come out and chew a bit more. He had setbacks as we were faced with major winter storms and freezing weather. We thought that he would never chew through this tree. But when the weather allowed, he kept coming back and would chew a bit more.
With spring finally arriving, we went down to see the beaver's progress and the tree was going to come down soon! The beaver has now almost completely chewed around and through the entire tree.
The beaver's original goal was survival—to build a home. Working every day with that particular focus in mind, he achieved that goal. But the large maple tree he started chewing on last fall was a goal for tomorrow—he wanted the large tree for the spring, to provide new food and branches to continue damming in preparation for the spring thaw. And, even with the setbacks he faced over the winter, he never gave up.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Our point in sharing our beaver experience with you is to remind you that sometimes we have a goal to just survive. It is also vitally important that when faced with setbacks in achieving a goal, you need to stay focused and not let the setbacks discourage you.
写前导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了河狸为了过冬用小树筑坝成塘；不久，它又开始啃大枫树，为冰雪消融的春天做准备，坚持不懈，终有所成。河狸的行为告诉我们一个什么道理？在日常生活中，我们该怎样实现自己的目标？
[精彩范文]
Our point in sharing our beaver experience with you is to remind you that sometimes we have a goal to just survive. However, we also need to set a goal for tomorrow so as to get well－prepared for the possible occurrence. And sometimes, just surviving seems to take up all of our time—working every day, looking after our family, going to school, and so on. But, if you do just a little bit when time allows, you will achieve it.
It is also vitally important that when faced with setbacks in achieving a goal, you need to stay focused and not let the setbacks discourage you. To face setbacks along the way to achieve our goal, we should struggle just like the beaver. It seems that we work hard just for our survival, but we also have a future goal and constantly keep moving forward to achieve that goal. Sometimes, though, weeks will pass before we can make some progress. At times we feel we will never reach our goal. Only if we never give up and never lose our focus, can we chew down the large maple tree for our own spring in the long run.
15(共76张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
Unit 5 Learning from nature
Period Ⅱ Using language—Grammar & Integrated skills
课前自主预习
精讲课时语法
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
课堂效果检测
3
课后课时作业
4
Grammar (动词不定式复习(1)——作主语、宾语和表语)
课前自主预习
①To do morning exercise is useful for our health.
②Pop art aimed to show ordinary twentieth－century city life.
③Instead, a picture should attempt to show the “life” of its subject.
④My ambition is to work for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up.
⑤To complete the 30－story building in one year was quite a difficult task.
⑥My prime concern is to protect my property.
(1)例句①⑤中的动词不定式作_____。
(2)例句②③中的动词不定式作_____。
(3)例句④⑥中的动词不定式作_____。
主语
宾语
表语
精讲课时语法
一、动词不定式作主语
1.不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的、将来的动作或一般情况。作主语的不定式有时态和语态的变化；且谓语动词通常用单数。
To hesitate means failure.
犹豫不决就意味着失败。
To know everything is to know nothing.
样样皆通，样样稀松。
To smoke so much is not very good for you.
抽这么多烟对你身体不太好。
2．有时候为了保持句子平衡，也可以用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式(短语)后置。
It is our duty to give as much help as possible.
提供尽可能多的帮助是我们的职责。
名师点津
不定式的复合结构由“for/of sb to do”构成，sb是不定式动作的发出者，为不定式的逻辑主语。若形容词描述事物，用for；若形容词描述不定式行为者的性格或品质，用of。
It's difficult for us to finish the work.
对我们来说，完成这项工作是困难的。
It's clever of you to work out the maths problem.
你真聪明，解出了这道数学题。
(1)单句语法填空
①________ (stop) the work now seems already impossible.
②________ (finish) the work in ten minutes is very hard.
③It was foolish of you ________ (give) up what you rightly owned.
To stop
To finish
to give
(2)选词填空(for/of)
①It is so kind ___ you to do me such a good favour.
②I don't think it right ____ you to say so absurd a requirement.
(3)句型转换
To give up smoking is right.
→___________________ smoking.
of
for
It is right to give up
二、动词不定式作宾语
1．不定式作宾语时，往往跟在某些及物动词后面，常见的有： agree (同意), offer (提出), intend/plan (打算，计划), demand (要求), promise (答应), help (帮忙), prepare (准备), decide (决定), refuse (拒绝), choose (选择), wish/hope/want/expect (希望，想要), fail (失败), pretend (假装), manage (设法), determine (决心), beg (恳求，祈求), arrange (安排，准备), threaten (威胁), claim (声称), aim (以……为目标), hesitate
(犹豫不决)等。
We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn't turned up yet.
我们约好在此地见面，但是她到现在还没有露面。
They managed to finish the work on time.
他们成功按时完成了工作。
名师点津
歌诀巧记常接动词不定式作宾语的动词：
同意提出作计划，要求答应来帮忙。
准备决定遭拒绝，敢于选择有希望。
不能做到莫假装，设法做成决心强。
恳求安排又威胁，声称目标不犹豫。
2．“疑问词＋不定式”结构作宾语
“疑问词(who, which, when, where, how, what等)＋不定式”结构在句中起名词的作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语。
这类动词有： teach, remember, forget, decide, wonder, show, learn, consider, know等。
He taught me how to cook.
他教我如何做饭。
Have you decided where to spend your holiday
你决定去哪里度假了吗？
3．it作形式宾语，不定式为真正的宾语，可以用于该句型的动词有： consider, make, feel, find, think等。
He feels it his duty to help others.
他觉得帮助别人是他的职责。
He found it hard to learn maths well.
他发现学好数学很难。
(1)单句语法填空
①I find it pleasant ________ (work) with him.
②I promise ______ (do) everything I can to help you.
③You have to know where ________ (stand) for a good viewpoint.
to work
to do
to stand
(2)单句表达
①这个新药使治疗这种可怕的疾病成为可能。
The new medicine ______________________ this terrible disease.
②我可以告诉你在哪里买这本书。
I can tell you ____________ this book.
③他厌倦每天做相同的事情，决定换工作。
He is tired of doing the same work every day and decides _______________.
makes it possible to treat
where to buy
to change his job
4．动词不定式作宾语与动词－ing形式作宾语的用法区别
(1)可接动名词和不定式作宾语但意义不同的动词(短语)
①remember to do sth 记住去做某事
remember doing sth 记得曾经做过某事
②forget to do sth 忘记去做某事
forget doing sth 忘记已经做过某事
③stop to do sth 停下来做另外一件事(此处不定式作状语)
stop doing sth 停止正在做的事
④mean to do sth 打算做某事
mean doing sth 意味着做某事
⑤regret to do sth 遗憾要去做某事
regret doing sth 后悔已经做过某事
⑥try to do sth 努力做某事
try doing sth 试着做某事
⑦go on to do sth 继续做某事(完成一件事，接着做另一件事)
go on doing sth 继续做某事(同一件事)
⑧can't help (to) do sth 不能帮忙做某事
can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事
—Remember to return the bat to me.
—But I remember having returned it to you.
——记住把球拍还给我。
——可是我记得已经还给你了。
—That would mean wasting a lot of labour.
—Really I don't mean to waste any labour.
——那将意味着浪费许多劳动力。
——是吗？我没打算浪费任何劳动力。
At the amusing performance, the audience couldn't help laughing.
看到这滑稽的表演，观众们不禁笑了起来。
I'm busy studying, so I can't help (to) do the housework.
我忙着学习，所以不能帮忙做家务。
(2)可接动名词和不定式作宾语且意义差别不大的动词
①hate, love, like, prefer等动词后接不定式和动名词作宾语时，意义虽相同，内涵却有些区别：接不定式作宾语时，多表示一次性的、具体的动作；接动名词作宾语时，多表示习惯性的、一般性的动作。
I like swimming, but I don't like to swim in this river.
我喜欢游泳，但是我不喜欢在这条河里游泳。
②begin, start, continue等少数几个动词后接动名词或不定式作宾语时意义基本相同。但如果 begin, start 等用于进行时态，或其主语是物而非人时，须用不定式。
Tom began to learn/learning how to use a computer.
汤姆开始学习如何使用电脑。
She was starting to do her homework.
她开始做作业。
(3)need, want, require作“需要”讲时，若句子的主语为物，且句子的主语和谓语动词后的非谓语动词之间是被动关系时，这些动词后面可接动词－ing形式的主动式，也可接不定式的被动式。
The windows need cleaning.
＝The windows need to be cleaned.
窗户需要擦了。
单句语法填空
①Missing the train means ________ (wait) for another hour.
②After finishing her homework, my sister went on _____ (do) some housework.
③Try ________ (knock) at the back door and see whether he is in or not.
④We've had a good start, but more work needs _______________ (do) to achieve the final success.
⑤My grandfather always forgets to take the keys but he always says that he remembers ________ (take) them.
waiting
to do
knocking
doing/to be done
taking
⑥She likes ________， but she doesn't like ________ with him; she'd like ________ with her friend. (dance)
⑦In England Marx went on ________ English; after mastering English he went on ________ Russian. (study)
dancing
to dance
to dance
studying
to study
三、动词不定式作表语
1．不定式作表语通常表示具体的或将来的动作。
To do two things at a time is to do neither.
一次做两件事等于什么也不做。
2．不定式作表语与动名词作表语的用法区别：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。
Her job is teaching.
她的职业是教书。
名师点津
如果主语是不定式(表示条件)，表语也用不定式(表示结果)；如果主语是动名词，表语也用动名词。
To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.
对敌人仁慈就是对人民残酷。
Helping others is helping yourself.
帮助别人就是帮助自己。
①如果我没钱，我该怎么办？
_______________ if I have no money
②据我所知，他喜欢的是绘画。
As far as I know, _______________________.
What am I to do
what he likes is painting
Vocabulary
employ v. 使用，运用(教材P71)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①For the past three years he has been employed as a firefighter.
三年来他一直受雇当消防员。
②The boss employed a secretary to help him with his work.
老板雇来一位秘书来帮助他的工作。
③The manager employed himself in making a future plan for his company.
经理忙于为公司制定将来的计划。
④The state of employment in this city is improving.
这个城市的就业状况正在改善。
(1)用employ的适当形式填空
①Our company _________ about one hundred people.
②Changes in farming methods have badly affected ___________ in the area.
③Their situations are now changed—employee has become ________．
employed
employment
employer
(2)单句表达
在中世纪，商人为了促销他们的货物雇用街头公告员来大声地读公告。
In the Middle Ages, merchants ___________ “town criers” _______ public messages aloud to promote their goods.
employed
to read
课堂效果检测
Ⅰ.根据语境及首字母提示完成句子
1．I hung my wet s________ on the balcony and twenty minutes later it was dry.
2．John Snow was a famous doctor in London—so expert that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal p________．
3．He is not such a fool as he looks like; in fact, he’s a man of great w_____ who appears stupid.
4．More scientists are e________ in studies to develop new medicines.
5．Before s________ seeds in the spring, one must first till the land.
wimsuit
hysician
isdom
mployed
owing
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．If you don't waste your money, you can afford ________ (buy) the new car.
2．It is not always easy ________ (refuse) invitations.
3．______________ (save) money now seems impossible.
4．She was employed ___ making a list of all the jobs to be done.
5．Her wish is _________ (become) an engineer.
to buy
to refuse
To save/Saving
in
to become
6．We plan ________ (paint) more paintings this year.
7．Companies hire you because they seek solutions ___ business problems.
8．His ambition is ______ (go) to Harvard University.
9．________ (inspire) by what he said, we are determined to study harder.
10．I find it difficult for me ___________ (understand) the purpose of his speech.
to paint
to
to go
Inspired
to understand
Ⅲ.单句表达
1．你能来看我真是太好了。
It's very nice ______________________．
2．他最大的愿望是能再次见到自己的孙子孙女。
His dearest wish is _________________________．
3．他们到现在还没有决定什么时候离开。
They haven't decided ____________ so far.
of you to come to see me
to see his grandchildren again
when to leave
4．在推迟退休方面，中国人可以从以前的皇帝身上获取灵感。
In deferring retirement the Chinese can ____________________ their former Emperors.
5．古老的智慧已经经受了时间的考验。
________________ has stood the test of time.
6．本文正是就这两个问题寻求解决方法。
This dissertation tries to ________________ these two issues.
take inspiration from
Ancient wisdom
seek solutions to
7．他谎称自己是记者，设法进来了。
He pretended ________________ and managed to get in.
8．我当时碰巧正在采访那件事。
I happened ____________ the event then.
9．我们聘用了一位专家担任新技术顾问。
We ___________________________________ on new technology.
10．在2月或3月把种子播种在温暖的地方。
__________________________ in February or March.
to be a reporter
to be covering
employed an expert to advise/as an adviser
Sow the seeds in a warm place
课后课时作业
Ⅰ 完形填空
I was out in my fields, spade in hand, planting trees this morning. I feel good when I do it, knowing that long after I am gone, these trees will __1__ high above the land, providing oxygen for humans not yet born and __2__ the carbon dioxide from the air.
Each spring, as I am __3__， my mind goes back to a __4__ I have of my grandfather, walking with him on the land, listening to his __5__ and learning about nature. He often told a story which has __6__ in my imagination all these years.
It was in the early 1900s, a man lost his wife and daughter to a terrible disease. Filled with __7__， he decided to take up the __8__ occupation of shepherd in the hills. He was about 55 years of age at that time, and as he __9__ his sheep, he looked around and saw the land was __10__. Then the old man felt he needed to do something to help the land __11__， for it had once been a splendid green forest.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在幼时受祖父影响，早早懂得了人与自然共生的道理。
He collected some __12__ of oak trees from other places, __13__ watered them and cared for the young trees that sprouted the next year. For the rest of his life, he planted every day. No one knew his story until he was 90 years old. Yet he __14__ to plant, perhaps only five trees a day. At that time, the hill had become a green forest, __15__ as far as people could see.
1．A.survive B．tower
C．shape D．react
解析：根据上文“I feel good when I do it, knowing that long after I am gone”可知，作者觉得多年以后这些树会长成参天大树，高高耸立。tower “高耸；超越”。故选B。
2．A.applying B．adding
C．receiving D．cleaning
解析：apply 申请；add 增加；receive 接到，收到；clean 清洁，使……干净。根据生活常识可知，树木可以清除空气中的二氧化碳。故选D。
3．A.thinking B．walking
C．planting D．wondering
解析：根据上文“I was out in my fields, spade in hand, planting trees this morning.”可知，作者在植树的时候，回想起祖父。故选C。
4．A.imagination B．memory
C．regret D．word
解析：句意：每年春天，在我植树的时候，我的思绪就会回到我对祖父的记忆中，和他一起漫步在这片土地上，听他讲故事，了解大自然。imagination 想象；memory 回忆；记忆；regret 后悔；word 单词。故选B。
5．A.stories B．complains
C．laughter D．songs
解析：根据下文“He often told a story which has __6__ in my imagination all these years.”可知，作者常听祖父讲故事。故选A。
6．A.brought B．got
C．stuck D．put
解析：句意：他经常讲一个这么多年来一直萦绕在我脑海中的故事。根据句意可知，祖父给作者常讲的一个故事一直萦绕在作者脑海中。stick “停留；萦绕”。故选C。
7．A.anger B．sorrow
C．anxiety D．dreams
解析：根据上文“It was in the early 1900s, a man lost his wife and daughter to a terrible disease.”可知，失去了妻子和女儿，那个人悲痛欲绝。故选B。
8．A.special B．lonely
C．rewarding D．appealing
解析：句意：悲痛欲绝，他决定在山上做一个孤独的牧羊人。故选B。
9．A.attended B．moved
C．exhibited D．lost
解析：根据上文“shepherd”可知，他是牧羊人，负责照看羊群。故选A。
10．A.ridiculous B．superb
C．charming D．bare
解析：根据下文“He collected some __12__ of oak trees from other places”可知，老人决定种树是因为看到山上没有树，光秃秃的。故选D。
11．A.appear B．grow
C．recover D．spread
解析：根据下文“for it had once been a splendid green forest”可知，那个老人想让这片土地恢复到原来郁郁葱葱的样子。故选C。
12．A.branches B．seeds
C．flowers D．leaves
解析：根据下文“and cared for the young trees that sprouted the next year”可知，那个老人将种子种下，这些种子后来发芽了。故选B。
13．A.faithfully B．desperately
C．anxiously D．lovingly
解析：根据下文“watered them and cared for the young trees that sprouted the next year”可知，老人悉心浇灌并照料那些小树苗。lovingly “悉心地”。故选D。
14．A.attempted B．competed
C．continued D．forgot
解析： attempt 试图；compete 竞争；continue 继续；forget 忘记。根据上文“he planted every day”和“he was 90 years old”可知，尽管90岁高龄，老人还是继续每天种树。故选C。
15．A.spreading out B．bringing about
C．wandering about D．leading to
解析：句意：那时，小山已经变成了一片绿色的森林，一直延伸到人们目光所及之处。spread out 延伸；bring about 引起；wander about 徘徊，漫步；lead to 通向。故选A。
Ⅱ 语法填空
In the past few years, a large number of men and women __1__ (choose) to do something less competitive. __2__ they are concerned about is that the stress of work will rob them of joy and happiness and bring them harm both physically __3__ mentally.
__4__ a matter of fact, however, stress isn't such a bad thing. Above all, unless it gets out of control, a certain amount of stress is important as it __5__ (provide) motivation and challenge, and purpose to an otherwise meaningless life. In addition, people under stress tend __6__ (achieve) their full potential and to realize their own __7__ (person) worth—the very aim of a human life. Last but not least, research has showed that modest amounts of stress can __8__ (strength) the immune system and be good for health.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了压力并不是一件坏事，适度的压力会给我们带来好处。
Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to escape. __9__ (develope) our adaptive ability to deal with stress can stop us from __10__ (defeat) by the competitive society.
1.________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5．________
6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9．________ 10.________
1.答案：have chosen/have been choosing
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语In the past few years可知，应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，且主语a large number of men and women为复数，应用助动词have。故填have chosen/have been choosing。
2．答案：What
解析：考查主语从句的连接词。此处引导主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，设空处意为“……的事”，且句首单词首字母应大写。故填What。
3．答案：and
解析：考查连词。此处为both A and B结构，both physically and mentally意为“在身体上和心理上”。故填and。
4．答案：As
解析：考查介词。句意：然而，事实上，压力并不是一件坏事。as a matter of fact意为“事实上，实际上”，且句首单词首字母应大写。故填As。
5．答案：provides
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。主语it为单数，与provide之间为主动关系，且此句描述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故填provides。
6．答案：to achieve
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：而且，有压力的人往往会激发他们的潜力，并实现他们自己的价值。此处tend to do sth意为“往往会做某事”，应用动词不定式作宾语。故填to achieve。
7．答案：personal
解析：考查词性转换。此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词worth，personal意为“个人的”。故填personal。
8．答案：strengthen
解析：考查词性转换和情态动词。此处应用动词作谓语，并根据情态动词can可知，应用动词原形。故填strengthen。
9．答案：Developing
解析：考查非谓语动词。设空处应用动名词作主语，且句首单词首字母应大写。故填Developing。
10．答案：being defeated
解析：考查非谓语动词。stop sb from doing sth意为“阻止某人做某事”，且宾语us与defeat之间为被动关系。故填being defeated。
Ⅲ 读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
You all might have heard the saying “busy as a beaver”； now we appreciate this saying as we have seen the work this beaver did over a very short period of time. It started last fall when we had a beaver move into the small stream beside our house. He immediately began taking down small trees, and within a couple of weeks our small stream turned into a small pond. Every day he added more to his dam and his house.
With the stream now dammed and his house built, we thought that would be the last of the beaver's busy activity as winter set in. But, to our amazement, he started chewing on a very large maple tree. The tree was over 60 feet tall and was approximately five feet in diameter at the base. We were amazed at the challenge this beaver was attempting. Over the winter, he would come out and chew a bit more. He had setbacks as we were faced with major winter storms and freezing weather. We thought that he would never chew through this tree. But when the weather allowed, he kept coming back and would chew a bit more.
With spring finally arriving, we went down to see the beaver's progress and the tree was going to come down soon! The beaver has now almost completely chewed around and through the entire tree.
The beaver's original goal was survival—to build a home. Working every day with that particular focus in mind, he achieved that goal. But the large maple tree he started chewing on last fall was a goal for tomorrow—he wanted the large tree for the spring, to provide new food and branches to continue damming in preparation for the spring thaw. And, even with the setbacks he faced over the winter, he never gave up.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Our point in sharing our beaver experience with you is to remind you that sometimes we have a goal to just survive. ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
It is also vitally important that when faced with setbacks in achieving a goal, you need to stay focused and not let the setbacks discourage you. ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
写前导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了河狸为了过冬用小树筑坝成塘；不久，它又开始啃大枫树，为冰雪消融的春天做准备，坚持不懈，终有所成。河狸的行为告诉我们一个什么道理？在日常生活中，我们该怎样实现自己的目标？
[精彩范文]
Our point in sharing our beaver experience with you is to remind you that sometimes we have a goal to just survive. However, we also need to set a goal for tomorrow so as to get well－prepared for the possible occurrence. And sometimes, just surviving seems to take up all of our time—working every day, looking after our family, going to school, and so on. But, if you do just a little bit when time allows, you will achieve it.
It is also vitally important that when faced with setbacks in achieving a goal, you need to stay focused and not let the setbacks discourage you. To face setbacks along the way to achieve our goal, we should struggle just like the beaver. It seems that we work hard just for our survival, but we also have a future goal and constantly keep moving forward to achieve that goal. Sometimes, though, weeks will pass before we can make some progress. At times we feel we will never reach our goal. Only if we never give up and never lose our focus, can we chew down the large maple tree for our own spring in the long run.
