英语 选择性必修 第三册 WY
Period Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
First Snow
初雪
Mr Robert Lynd once said of Jane Austen's characters: “They are people in whose lives a slight fall of snow is an event.”
罗伯特·林德先生曾这样评价简·奥斯汀笔下的人物：“他们是这样的人，在他们的生活中，一场小雪就是一件大事。”
Even at the risk of appearing to this fair and witty reviewer as another Mr Woodhouse, I must insist that last night's fall of snow here was an event.
即使冒着以另一位伍德豪斯先生的身份出现在这位公正风趣的评论家面前的风险，我也必须坚称昨晚这里下的雪是一件大事。
词句自测 ①insist v. 坚称，坚决认为
I was nearly as excited about it this morning as the children, whom I found all looking through the window at the magic outside and talking away as excitedly as if Christmas had suddenly come round again.
为此今天早上我几乎和孩子们一样兴奋，我发现他们都透过窗户望着外面的奇妙世界，兴奋地说个不停，好像圣诞节又突然来临了。
The fact is, however, that the snow was as strange and fascinating to me as it was to them.
然而，事实是，雪对我和孩子们来说都是奇异和迷人的。
It is the first fall we have had here this winter, and last year I was out of the country, sweating in a hot climate, during the snowy season, so that it really does seem an age since I saw the ground so fantastically carpeted.
这是今年冬天我们这里下的第一场雪，去年我出国了，在下雪的季节里，我却在炎热的天气里大汗淋漓。因此，看到地面上铺着如此奇妙的地毯，感觉确实像很久以前的事情了。
词句自测 ②“主句(I was nearly as excited ... morning)＋比较状语从句(as the children)”。whom I found ... talking away as excitedly ... again是非限制性定语从句，解释说明先行词children。
The first fall of snow is not only an event but it is a magical event.
第一场雪不仅是一件大事，而且是一件富有魔力的大事。
You go to bed in one kind of world and wake up to find yourself in another quite different, and if this is not magic, then where is it to be found
你睡觉时处在一个世界里，而醒来后发现自己在另一个完全不同的世界，如果这不是魔法，那么它还能在哪里被找到呢？
The very secrecy and quietness of the thing makes it more magical.
它的神秘和安静使它更有魔力。
词句自测 ③secrecy n. 保密，秘密状态 ④“分句(You go to bed ... quite different)＋and＋分句(if this ... be found)”。本句为and连接的并列复合句。第二个分句是复合句，结构为“条件状语从句(if this is not magic)＋主句(then where is it to be found)”。
When I got up this morning the world was a cold place of dead white and pale blues.
当我今天早上起床的时候，这个世界变成了一个冰冷的地方，到处都是一片洁白和淡蓝色。
The light that came through the windows was very strange, and it made the familiar business of splashing and shaving and brushing and dressing very strange too.
从窗户射进来的光线非常奇怪，这使得洗脸、刮胡子、刷牙和穿衣服这些熟悉的日常行为也变得非常奇怪。
Then the sun came out, and by the time I had sat down to breakfast it was shining bravely and flushing the snow with delicate pinks.
然后太阳出来了，当我坐下吃早饭的时候，太阳的光彩绚丽夺目，给雪地添上了一抹柔和的淡粉色。
词句自测 ⑤shaving n. 刮胡子 ⑥flush v. (使)发红
The dining－room window had been transformed into a lovely Japanese print.
餐厅的窗户也已变成一幅可爱的日本版画。
The little plum tree outside, with the faintly flushed snow lining its branches and artfully disposed along its trunk, stood in full sunlight.
屋外的小李子树在充足的阳光照耀下，枝头覆着微微泛红的白雪，在树干上巧妙地排列着。
词句自测 ⑦plum n. 李子；梅子 ⑧faintly adv. 微弱地；模糊地 ⑨dispose v. 排列，布置
An hour or two later everything was a cold sparkle of white and blue.
一两个小时以后，一切都变成了白色和蓝色的冷光。
The world had completely changed again.
这个世界再一次完全改变。
The little Japanese prints had all disappeared.
日本的小版画全都不见了。
I looked out of my study window, over the garden, the field, to the low hills beyond, and the ground went on and on, the sky was thick grey, and all the trees so many black and threatening shapes.
我从书房的窗户向外望去，越过花园、田野，眺望远处的小山，地面连绵不断，天空灰蒙蒙的，周围所有的树木都呈现出阴森恐怖的形状。
There was indeed something curiously disturbing about the whole prospect.
整个景色确实有一种奇怪的令人不安的东西。
词句自测 ⑩sparkle n. 闪耀，闪光 prospect n. 开阔的景观，景色
It was as if our kindly countryside, close to the very heart of England, had been turned into a cruel grassland.
就好像把我们这个靠近英格兰中心的友好乡村变成了一片残酷的草原。
At any moment, it seemed, a body of horsemen might be seen breaking out from the black trees, so many weapons might be heard and some distant spot of snow be reddened.
似乎随时都可能看到一群骑兵从黑压压的树林里冲出来，可能听到许多武器的声音，远处土地上的一些积雪也被染红。
It was that kind of landscape.
周围都是那种景象。
词句自测 redden v. (使)变红 “主(It)系(was)表(as if our kindly ... cruel grassland)”。as if引导表语从句，其中close to the very heart of England是后置定语，修饰countryside。
Now it has changed again.
现在它又变了。
The glare has gone and no touch of the disturbing remains.
耀眼的光芒消失了，没有一丝令人不安的痕迹。
But the snow is falling heavily, in great soft flakes, so that you can hardly see across the shallow valley, and the roofs are thick and the trees all bending, and the weathercock of the village church, still to be seen through the grey loaded air, has become some creature out of Hans Andersen.
但雪下得很大，是大片非常柔软的雪花，所以你几乎无法看到整个浅谷，屋顶是厚厚的雪，树木也都被压弯了，透过灰色的厚厚的空气还可以看见村里教堂的风标，它已经变成了汉斯·安徒生笔下的某种生物了。
词句自测 glare n. 刺眼的强光 flake n. 小薄片 bend v. 变弯曲 weathercock n. (公鸡形)风标 church n. 教堂
From my study, which is apart from the house and faces it, I can see the children flattening their noses against the window, and there is running through my head a rhyme I used to repeat when I was a child and flattened my nose against the cold window to watch the falling snow：
我的书房独立于整所房子并朝向它，从这里我能看到孩子们把鼻子贴在窗户上，这时我的脑海中回响着一首孩提时代重复的歌谣，那个时候我也把鼻子紧紧贴着冰冷窗户去看外面飘落的雪花：
Snow, snow faster：
White alabaster!
Killing geese in Scotland，
Sending feathers here!
雪花，雪花快快飘吧：
就像片片洁白的石膏！
是谁在苏格兰宰了鹅，
片片羽毛飞到了这儿！
(Adaptation from First Snow by John Boynton Priestley)
(改编自约翰·博因顿·普里斯特利的《初雪》)
词句自测 rhyme n. 儿歌，童谣 alabaster n. 雪花石膏 goose n. 鹅 feather n. 羽毛
1 inspector n. 检查员，巡视员(教材P82)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①After a research about the medicine, the inspector published a report about it.
在对这种药物进行一番研究后，检查员发表了一份关于它的报告。
②You should inspect the car well before you buy it.
在买车之前，你应该仔细检查一番。
③The young plants are regularly inspected for diseases and insects.
幼苗定期接受病虫害检查。
④He discovered, on closer inspection, that the rocks contained gold.
经过更为仔细的查看，他发现这些岩石含有黄金。
(1)单句语法填空
①It is a rule that our luggage should ________ (inspect) by customs officers.
②Safety standards for vehicles have been raised both at the point of manufacture and through regular road ________ (inspect)．
③It is said that an ________ will come to ________ our school, and he will judge our school according to his ________. (inspect)
答案：①be inspected ②inspections ③inspector; inspect; inspection
(2)单句表达
老师走来走去，检查他们的家庭作业。
The teacher walked around ________________．
答案：inspecting their homework
2 insist v. 坚称，坚决认为(教材P82)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①If you insist on leaving now, please go ahead.
如果你现在坚持要走，那就走吧。
②He insisted that he heard someone in the next room.
他坚称他听到隔壁房间有人说话。
③At her insistence, the matter was dropped.
在她的坚持下，这件事被搁置了。
名师点津
I insisted that we (should) go to Shanghai for holidays.
我坚决要求我们去上海度假。
(1)单句语法填空
①The teacher insisted that his students ________ (finish) their homework alone.
②He insisted that he ________ (do) nothing wrong.
③She insisted on your ________ (say) “sorry” to her in public.
答案：①(should) finish ②had done ③saying
(2)单句表达
①我坚决要求你立刻采取行动处理好这件事。
I ________ that you ____________ to put this right at once.
②她坚持说他错了。
She insisted that he ____________．
答案：①insist; (should) take action ②was wrong
3 bend v. 变弯曲(教材P84)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①The old man bent with a heavy burden on his back.
老人因背着重担，腰都弯了。
②I bent down to lift the box off the floor.
我弯下腰，把箱子从地上拎起来。
③The driver slowed down at a tight bend.
驾驶员在一个急转弯处慢了下来。
(1)单句语法填空
①Students should resist the temptation to bend their mind ________ exams alone.
②The brush with a long handle will save us having to bend ________．
答案：①to ②down
(2)单句表达
①我弯腰的时候，胸口痛得更厉害。
My chest pains get worse __________________．
②无论这个国家多么弱小，它决不屈服于强国。
However weak the nation may be, it will never ________________ a greater power.
答案：①when I bend over ②bend to
transform ... into ... 把……改变成……(教材P83)
归纳拓展
①In only 20 years the country has been transformed into an advanced industrial power.
这个国家只用了20年就变成了一个先进的工业强国。
②The process is to transform information from one form to another.
这个过程是将信息从一种形式转换为另一种形式。
③In recent years his ideas have undergone a complete transformation.
近年来他的观念发生了彻底的改变。
(1)单句语法填空
①I have watched him transform ________ a good friend since then.
②Anyone who expects a source of power in the ________ (transform) of these atoms is talking moonshine.
答案：①into ②transformation
(2)单句表达
①他们已经把他们的房间改成了一家旅馆。
They have ________ their rooms ________ a hotel.
②这家公司已由一个家族企业转变为一个国营机构。
The company ____________________________ a family business ________ a state operation.
答案：①transformed; into ②has been transformed from; into
1 I was nearly as excited about it this morning as the children, whom I found all looking through the window at the magic outside and talking away as excitedly as if Christmas had suddenly come round again.(教材P82) 对于这场雪，我今早近乎像孩子们那样兴奋。孩子们透过窗子看着外面奇妙的世界，兴奋地说个不停，就像圣诞节突然又要来了一般。
剖析 as if 意为“好像”，在句中引导方式状语从句。
归纳拓展
①It looks as if/though it isn't clean enough to swim here.
看起来这里的水好像不够干净，不适合游泳。
②You look as if you were ten years younger.(与现在事实相反)
你看上去好像年轻了十岁。
③He talked about the Great Wall as if he had been there before.(与过去事实相反)
他说起长城来，就好像以前去过似的。
④He opened his mouth as if he would say something.(与将来事实相反)
他张开嘴，好像要说些什么。
名师点津 as if/though引导状语从句时，从句中的主语和be动词常常可以省略，从句就变成“as if/though＋形容词/名词/介词短语/分词/不定式”。
(1)单句语法填空
①He talks as if he ________ (know) all about it.
②He learns English so hard as if he ________ (go) abroad.
答案：①knew ②would go
(2)单句表达
①看起来天好像要下雨。
It looks ________________________．
②他英语讲得很好，好像他在英国生活了多年似的。
He speaks English perfectly ________________________________．
答案：①as if it is going to rain ②as if/though he had lived in the UK for many years
2 The fact is, however, that the snow was as strange and fascinating to me as it was to them.(教材P82) 事实上，这场雪于我而言，也是同样的奇异，同样的迷人。
剖析 The fact is that ... “事实是……”，that引导表语从句。
归纳拓展
①The strength is that smiling can not only make us happy, but also make others pleased.
其优势在于微笑不仅仅让我们高兴，还能让别人感到愉悦。
②The drawback of the popularity of cars is that it brings about so much air pollution.
汽车普及的缺点是它带来了严重的空气污染。
③The chance is that one smoker in four will die from smoking.
有四分之一的烟民可能会死于吸烟。
名师点津 在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, request, advice等名词后的表语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
(1)单句语法填空
①The promise is ________ he'll return in three days as long as he can get to the destination in time.
②The suggestion is that the meeting ________ (put) off till next week.
答案：①that ②(should) be put
(2)单句表达
由于我们队剩余的比赛不太艰难，在结束时有可能名列前茅。
________________ our team will finish at the top, as our remaining matches aren't too difficult.
答案：The chance is that
3 It is the first fall we have had here this winter ... (教材P82) 这是今年冬天我们在这里的第一场雪……
剖析 在“It/This/That is the first/second/third/... time＋(that)从句”中，(that)从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。
归纳拓展 It is＋第几次＋that从句 ... 此句式中，每一个位置都是可以变化的：①It 可以改用This或That；②is可以改用was；③第几次可以是第一次，也可以是第n次；④that可以有，也可以省略；⑤that从句中的谓语动词，可以是现在完成时，也可以是过去完成时。当主句动词用is时，从句谓语动词必须用现在完成时；当主句动词用was时，从句谓语动词必须用过去完成时。
①It is the third time (that) you have been late for work this week, isn't it
这已经是你这周第三次上班迟到了，不是吗？
②This was the first time (that) she had seen him in person.
这是她第一次见到他本人。
(1)单句语法填空
①It is the most instructive lecture that I ________ (attend) since I came to this school.
②This is the first time ________ children have taken up in such a study.
答案：①have attended ②that
(2)单句表达
那是我第一次为父母做饭吃。
It was the first time that ____________________ for my parents.
答案：I had cooked a meal
Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子
1．Both sides wish to further ________ (增强) and deepen their cooperation.
答案：enhance
2．The nursery ________ (童谣) reminds me of my happy childhood spent with my grandparents.
答案：rhyme
3．I grew a beard so as not to have the bother of ________ (刮胡子) every morning.
答案：shaving
4．He continues to ________ (坚称) that all he wrote in the book is nothing but the truth, and that he will stand by his word.
答案：insist
5．A big fan began blowing tiny white ________ (羽毛) down on him, and soon the trees were covered in “snow”．
答案：feathers
6．The family rented a former c________ in downtown Portland and scheduled a concert.
答案：church
7．Standing on the top of the mountain, we can enjoy a delightful p________ of the lake.
答案：prospect
8．One of the main characters of this plastic is its ability to b________ without breaking.
答案：bend
9．So you can also get the diamond rays to s________ over you and on others by having diamond jewelry.
答案：sparkle
10．The suspect was declared i________ for lack of convincing evidence.
答案：innocent
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．This new evidence will prove their ________ (innocent)．
答案：innocence
2．From the slope below, the wild goats bleated ________ (faint).
答案：faintly
3．I suggest that you should stay here as if nothing ________ (happen).
答案：had happened
4．If you are a ________ (week) boarder or go home most weekends it can be harder to make friends.
答案：weekly
5．The mill was finally shut down by state safety ________ (inspect)．
答案：inspectors
6．One theory is ________ the disease has been present for a long time.
答案：that
7．She bent ________ immediately to cut the grass.
答案：down
8．The researchers said genes weren't the only factors ________ (affect) people's tastes.
答案：to affect
9．It is the first time that I ________ (come) to Shanghai.
答案：have come
10．Pearson massaged his ________ (redden) cheek.
答案：reddened
Ⅲ.选词填空
break out, look through, at the risk of, be transformed into, come round
1．She ____________ his notes and handed them back without comments.
答案：looked through
2．He happened to be in England when World WarⅡ ____________ and he just stayed on.
答案：broke out
3．When the new road was built, the small town ____________ a large city.
答案：was transformed into
4．On entering the garden, I noted that spring had ____________．
答案：come round
5．They prevented a serious railway accident ____________ their own lives.
答案：at the risk of
Ⅳ.单句表达
1．她坚持完成高中学业，以便能充分关注自己的演艺生涯。
She ________________ high school so that she could give her full attention to her acting career.
答案：insisted on finishing
2．不要对待这个花瓶就好像它是钢做的一样。
Don't handle the vase as if ________________ steel.
答案：it were made of
3．我们应该全力支持这个项目，以便能按期完成。
We should give this project every support ____________________________ on schedule.
答案：so that it can be completed
4．我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。(表语从句)
____________________ all of us are to start at 6 o'clock tomorrow morning.
答案：My decision is that
5．这是她第二次看见她的祖父了。(This is the first/second/third/ ... time＋that从句)
______________________ she has seen her grandfather.
答案：This is the second time that
课后课时作业(一)
Ⅰ 阅读
A
In 1985, Charlie Burrell inherited (继承) a piece of land in West Sussex, England, which is 3，500 acres. It had been in his family for more than 200 years. As it was a failing farm, he and his wife, Isabella Tree, were both set to run a traditional farm, but soon realized the costs far outweighed the profits. The land wasn't suitable for growing crops anymore.
So, in 2001, the couple decided to try something else—an experiment in “rewilding”， or restoring environments to their natural state. They reintroduced native species, including Tamworth pigs, Exmoor ponies, longhorn cattle, and deer. Then they took out all the fences and let the animals wander freely.
In the following years, the land went through an incredible change. The once neat fields were covered with bushes, creating habitats where new plant and animal species could grow.
Now it's home to many different creatures, including two rare species of bats, nightingales, peregrine falcons, white storks, and even turtle doves, whose numbers have dropped by 98 percent in the UK over the last few decades!
“We were living in a biological desert. Now, ecologists are blown__away all the time by just the amount of life here，” Isabella said. “It shows the potential that this kind of project has for changing trends of biodiversity decline.”
What's more, the land is now profitable! Charlie and Isabella offer multiple services there, including walking tours, safaris, photography classes, and rewilding workshops. They also sell meat to control their large animal populations, and even allow visitors to spend a night outside in the tents they set up.
What a promising outcome! This is amazing news for conservationists and shows that our planet can be returned to its natural glory, if only we let it. Now, it's a beautiful reminder of how ecosystems can be restored by letting Mother Nature take the control.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一对夫妇将土地恢复到自然状态，这不仅保护了生态环境，还得到了切实利益。
1．What did the couple do with the land
A．They planted trees on it.
B．They raised animals on it.
C．They restored it to its natural state.
D．They transformed it into a traditional farm.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“in 2001, the couple ... to their natural state”可知，这对夫妇决定将土地恢复到自然状态。故选C。
2．What does the underlined phrase “blown away” in Paragraph 5 mean
A．Amused. B．Impressed.
C．Disappointed. D．Confused.
答案：B
解析：词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“a biological desert”以及“It shows ... biodiversity decline.(这表明该项目在改变生物多样性下降趋势方面具有一定的潜力。)”可推知，这里的生命数量给生态学家留下了深刻印象。blow away “留下深刻印象”。故选B。
3．Which is one of the ways the couple make profits
A．Selling tents to tourists.
B．Selling what they grow on the land.
C．Killing animals and selling the meat.
D．Drawing rare animals and selling the pictures.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“They also sell meat to control their large animal populations”可知，这对夫妇的盈利方式之一是杀动物卖肉。故选C。
4．What can be inferred about the couple
A．They have creative ideas.
B．They succeeded through hard labor.
C．They are too lazy to manage a farm.
D．They care more about money than the ecosystem.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，这对夫妻想出了常人想不到的好主意，将土地恢复到自然状态，不仅保护了生态环境，而且获得切实利益。由此可推知，这对夫妇拥有创造性的想法。故选A。
B
Craig Foster, bare chested, was diving in bitterly cold waters off the southernmost tip of Africa when he saw her—an octopus hiding under a coat of shells and stones.
Deeply attracted, he began following this incredibly shy creature. He kept coming back every day to the same place where he first met her, trying to stay very still in her presence. For weeks she refused him: hiding in her home, or pushing her liquid body into the nearest crack to escape. And then, after Foster's dogged persistence for 26 days, she reached out and touched him.
In the documentary My Octopus Teacher, this tender moment moves you in a way you never thought an octopus tentacle (触手) wrapped around a human hand could. The nature documentary won Best Feature at the EarthxFilm Festival 2020.
“If you gain the trust of that animal over a period of months, it will actually ignore you to a certain degree and carry on with its normal life, and allow you to step inside its secret world，” Foster says in his documentary.
We see her outsmarting a shark by riding on its back, growing a new tentacle after surviving a shark attack, and finally wasting away after laying her eggs. “The octopus showed me many behaviors that were completely new to science，” Foster says.
After years of filming some of the planet's most dangerous animals, Foster was burnt out, depressed, and disconnected. “I was struggling. My only way to heal felt like I needed to be in the ocean, my go to happy place as a child，” he says.
Completely involving himself in the underwater world has calmed his mind. Over the years other animals have reached out to make contact, including dolphins, whales and even sharks. “But nothing has compared to this ‘once in a lifetime’ bond with the octopus，” Foster says.
The octopus changed Foster's life forever. Foster says the octopus taught him that humans are part of the natural world, and not simply visitors. “Your own role and place in the natural world are the most precious gifts we humans have received，” he says.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述Craig Foster (克雷格·福斯特)与章鱼之间的暖心故事，向我们表明人类是自然界的一部分。
5．Foster followed the octopus with ________．
A．great patience B．a professional goal
C．scientific curiosity D．an adventurous spirit
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“And then, after ... touched him.”可知，Foster通过26天的坚持获得了章鱼的信任。由此可推知，Foster跟随章鱼时具有很大的耐心。故选A。
6．According to My Octopus Teacher, the octopus ________．
A．enjoyed Foster's attention
B．taught Foster surviving skills
C．placed trust in Foster gradually
D．benefited from Foster's company
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，在纪录片《我的章鱼老师》中，一只章鱼的触须缠绕在Foster的手上。由此可推知，章鱼通过与Foster的接触，逐渐开始信任他了。故选C。
7．What did Foster learn from the experience
A．The natural world offers many gifts.
B．Humans belong to the natural world.
C．The natural world never fails to impress.
D．Humans should protect the natural world.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The octopus changed ... and not simply visitors.”可知，Foster从这次经历中认识到了人类是属于自然界的。故选B。
Ⅱ 七选五
The celebration of Earth Day on April 22nd began in the United States in 1970.Earth Day is a perfect time to reflect about what you are doing to help protect the environment. There are many ways that you can celebrate alone and with others.
Reduce, reuse and recycle all day long
Buy as little as possible and avoid items that come in lots of packaging. Support local growers and producers of food and products—these don't have to travel as far and so reduce greenhouse gas emissions. __1__. Recycle all the things you do use for the day.
Rid litter
Many groups use the weekend of Earth Day to clear roadways, highways and neighborhood streets. __2__. And villages organize bag pick ups. Once the group has collected the trash and placed the recycled bags along the road, get the village public works department to pick the bags up.
__3__．
There are many Earth Day song lyrics available on the Internet. Many follow well known tunes. These make a fantastic classroom activity and help younger children to become interested in environmental topics.
Engage others in conversation about your environment concerns
Don't be bossy or pushy. __4__. Encourage them to respond and if they have no opinions or they seem to not know much, help them learn some more by imparting your environmental knowledge in a friendly and helpful manner.
Remember: Every day is Earth Day
Anything to help our environment is a perfect thing to do on Earth Day and every day. __5__； learn about how you can make a difference to environmental protection all the time. And put it into practice—every day!
A．Join in group work
B．Try to save money and water
C．Sing or listen to “Earth” songs
D．Take your drink container with you
E．Don't restrict yourself to just one day a year
F．Many companies donate gloves and bags for clean up groups
G．Tell people some facts and then explain your feelings about them
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章对如何度过地球日给出了有效建议。
1.答案：D
解析：根据后文“Recycle all the things you do use for the day.”可知，要循环利用一天中使用的所有东西。D项(随身携带你的饮料容器)引出后文。故选D。
2．答案：F
解析：根据前文“Many groups use the weekend ... neighborhood streets.”和后文“And villages organize bag pick ups.”可知，此处讲述许多团体组织人们在地球日清理道路。F项(许多公司捐赠手套和袋子给清洁团队)符合语境。故选F。
3．答案：C
解析：设空处为本段小标题，根据后文可知，本段主要讲述要了解关于地球的歌曲。C项(唱或听“地球”歌曲)概括本段内容。故选C。
4．答案：G
解析：根据小标题“Engage others in conversation about your environment concerns”可知，和别人交流你对环境的担忧。G项(告诉人们一些事实，然后解释你对它们的感受)符合语境。故选G。
5．答案：E
解析：根据前文“Anything to help our environment ... every day.”可知，不要仅限于在地球日这一天做有助于环境的事情。E项(不要把自己限制在一年中的某一天)承接前文。故选E。
课后课时作业(二)
Ⅰ 阅读
Despite these efforts to prevent the spread of invasive (入侵的) species, they keep increasing on the planet. For example, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has identified a list of the 100 “world's worst” invaders that have spread across the planet with little hope of controlling them. The list includes eight species of fish. They are highly valued by people for food or entertainment, and thus not only are they difficult to control, but people may not wish to control them. An example would be rainbow trout (虹鳟鱼). Although rainbow trout has demonstrated impacts on native species and ecosystems, this species is unlikely to be controlled soon.
The example highlights the difficult task in controlling biological invasions. Although control can work sometimes, this often can't completely remove the invader. Furthermore, control isn't always an option when invaders are species people desire, or control efforts harm native species.
Given the difficulty of preventing or controlling biological invasions, what should we do One way is to focus on the impacts of invasions rather than the invaders themselves. For example, it may be possible to manage the undesirable impacts without fully controlling them. This approach is like managing undesirable symptoms of a disease that cannot be cured. For invasive species, undesirable symptoms are the negative impacts on native species or ecosystems.
Managing the impacts of invaders needn't be the only method. It can be combined with more conventional measures of prevention and control to design more effective strategies. Adding the option of managing impacts without the need for control opens up new opportunities for dealing with the challenges of managing biological invasions. We hope this will inspire people to work more closely to understand ways to minimize the threat posed by invaders as there seems no choice but to learn how to live with them.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍尽管我们努力阻止物种的入侵，但是因为种种原因，控制物种入侵很难。作者认为应该想办法减少物种入侵的影响和威胁，试着和入侵物种共存。
1．What is the negative effect of controlling biological invasions
A．People may be short of food.
B．Serious pollution may be caused.
C．Harmful species will grow quickly.
D．Native species can be harmed.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Furthermore, control isn't ... harm native species.”可知，控制入侵物种时所采取的一些措施，可能会伤害本地物种。故选D。
2．Why is a disease mentioned in the third paragraph
A．To show biological invasions are harmful.
B．To show biological invasions can spread diseases.
C．To tell us to treat biological invasions in a similar way.
D．To show biological invasions are unable to control.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“For example, it may ... that cannot be cured. (例如，在不能完全控制入侵物种的情况下应对其不良影响是有可能的。这个方法就像应对一种不能被治愈的疾病的不良症状。)”可推知，作者提到这种疾病，是为了说明这两种方式在控制不良影响方面是相似的。故选C。
3．What does the text tell us to deal with the invasive species at last
A．Reducing the threat to the lowest level.
B．Taking good care of them.
C．Keeping away from them.
D．Getting rid of them completely.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“We hope this ... live with them. (因为除了学会与它们共存，似乎别无选择，我们希望这将激励人们更紧密地合作，去探索将入侵物种带来的威胁降至最低的方法。)”可知，这篇文章在最后告诉我们应对物种入侵，要把入侵者带来的威胁降到最低程度。故选A。
Ⅱ 完形填空
Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second __1__. He learned the value and beauty of __2__ there from a very young age.
When he was 16, Molai began to notice something __3__ happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the __4__ it caused had driven away a number of birds. __5__， the number of snakes had declined as well. He __6__ that it was because there weren't enough trees to protect them from the __7__. The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek __8__ during the daytime. He turned to the __9__ department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and __10__ a nearby island where he began to plant trees.
__11__ young plants in the dry season was __12__ for a lone boy. Molai built at the __13__ of each sapling (幼树) a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to __14__ rainwater. The water would then drip (滴落) on the plants below.
Molai __15__ to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1，360 acres of naturally grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了印度人Molai (莫莱)坚持长年植树造林改善环境的故事。
1.A.dream B．job
C．home D．choice
答案：C
解析：上文提到Molai是在一个小村庄里长大，小村庄是Molai的第一个家，那么湿地应该是他的第二个家。故选C。
2．A.nature B．youth
C．culture D．knowledge
答案：A
解析：根据语境可知，Molai居住在小村庄，旁边就是湿地，湿地与大自然相关，其次，下文讲述Molai种树改善环境的故事，可判断此处指Molai懂得大自然的价值和美丽。故选A。
3．A.precious B．interesting
C．disturbing D．awkward
答案：C
解析：上文提到value and beauty，下文提到洪水爆发，鸟和蛇的数量减少，由此可知，Molai所在的地方发生了不好的事情。disturbing意为“令人不安的，引起恐慌的”。故选C。
4．A.waste B．tension
C．pain D．damage
答案：D
解析：根据洪水和鸟的数量减少之间的因果关系可知，此处指洪水造成的破坏赶走了许多鸟类。damage意为“破坏”。故选D。
5．A.Besides B．However
C．Therefore D．Otherwise
答案：A
解析：上文提到鸟的数量减少了，下文提到蛇的数量也减少了，两者之间是补充递进关系，besides “并且；而且”很好地连接了上下文内容。故选A。
6．A.agreed B．realized
C．remembered D．predicted
答案：B
解析：上文提到发生了不好的事情，鸟和蛇的数量都减少了，此处指Molai“意识到”是因为没有足够多的树来为它们提供保护。故选B。
7．A.noise B．heat
C．disease D．dust
答案：B
解析：根据下文“to plant trees so the animals could seek ... during the daytime”可知，树能保护动物们免受太阳暴晒和高温的伤害。故选B。
8．A.directions B．partners
C．help D．shelter
答案：D
解析：根据上文可知，由于没有足够多的树，鸟和蛇的数量减少了，而种树能为动物们提供保护。shelter “庇护；遮蔽物”。故选D。
9．A.labor B．police
C．forest D．finance
答案：C
解析：Molai认为种树是解决问题的办法，因此他去寻求帮助的部门应是forest department(林业部门)。故选C。
10．A.rebuilt B．discovered
C．left D．managed
答案：B
解析：根据上文“nothing would grow there”以及此处提到Molai开始在附近的一个岛上种树可知，Molai “发现”了这个岛。故选B。
11．A.Decorating B．Observing
C．Watering D．Guarding
答案：C
解析：根据本句中的“dry season”以及下文中的“rainwater”和“water”可知，此处指给树苗浇水。故选C。
12．A.tough B．illegal
C．fantastic D．beneficial
答案：A
解析：根据本句中的“dry season”以及“lone boy”可知，一个人在旱季给树浇水并非易事。tough “艰难的；棘手的”。故选A。
13．A.back B．top
C．foot D．side
答案：B
解析：根据下文“The water would then drip (滴落) on the plants below.”可知，Molai把竹子制成的平台搭建在了每棵树苗的上面。故选B。
14．A.cool down B．keep off
C．purify D．collect
答案：D
解析：根据语境可知，Molai在竹制平台上放置的带孔陶罐应是用来“收集”雨水的，雨水会顺着陶罐上的小孔滴落到树苗上。故选D。
15．A.returned B．learned
C．failed D．continued
答案：D
解析：根据下文“next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1，360 acres of naturally grown land”可知，Molai一直在坚持种树，即他在接下来的37年里继续种树。故选D。
Ⅲ 语法填空
When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be very difficult to let go of your anger. But forgiveness is possible—and it can be __1__ (surprising) valuable to your physical and mental health. So far, research __2__ (show) that people who forgive can have more energy, better appetite and better sleep. “People who forgive show __3__ (little) anger and more hopefulness，” says Dr Fred Luskin, who wrote the book Forgive for Good. “So it can help reduce the tiredness and allow people __4__ (feel) more energetic.”
So when someone has hurt you, cool down first. Take a couple of breaths and think of something __5__ gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, or someone you love. Don't wait for an __6__ (apologize). “Many times someone who hurt you may never think of apologizing，” says Dr Luskin.“They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things in __7__ same way.”
Next, keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean __8__ (accept) the action of the person who upsets you.Instead, learn to look for love, beauty and kindness around you. Finally, try to see things __9__ the other person's perspective (角度). You may realize that he or she was acting out of ignorance (无知). To gain perspective, you can write a letter to __10__ (you) from that person's point of view.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就“当别人伤害我们时，应该怎么做”给出了建议。
1.答案：surprisingly
解析：考查词性转换。此处应用副词修饰形容词valuable。故填surprisingly。
2．答案：has shown
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语So far可知，谓语动词应用现在完成时；主语research是第三人称单数，助动词应用has。故填has shown。
3．答案：less
解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据and more hopefulness可知，此处指会宽恕的人会表现出更少的愤怒和更多的希望，设空处应用little的比较级。故填less。
4．答案：to feel
解析：考查非谓语动词。allow sb to do sth是固定搭配，意为“允许某人做某事”，此处应用不定式作宾语补足语。故填to feel。
5．答案：that
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。此处为定语从句，先行词为不定代词something，关系词在从句中作主语，只能用that而不能用which。故填that。
6．答案：apology
解析：考查词性转换。设空处作wait for的宾语，且根据an可知，应用名词单数。故填apology。
7．答案：the
解析：考查冠词。固定短语in the same way意为“以相同的方式”。故填the。
8．答案：accepting
解析：考查非谓语动词。mean doing sth意为“意味着做某事”，此处应用动名词作宾语。故填accepting。
9．答案：from
解析：考查介词。句意：最后，试着从别人的角度看问题。from ... perspective是固定搭配，意为“从……角度”。故填from。
10．答案：yourself
解析：考查代词。当作宾语的代词与主语指同一人或物时，应用反身代词。故填yourself。
23(共111张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
Unit 6 Nature in words
Period Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
课前预习自检
重点合作探究
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
课堂效果检测
3
课后课时作业（一）
４
课后课时作业（二）
5
课前预习自检
First Snow
初雪
Mr Robert Lynd once said of Jane Austen's characters: “They are people in whose lives a slight fall of snow is an event.”
罗伯特·林德先生曾这样评价简·奥斯汀笔下的人物：“他们是这样的人，在他们的生活中，一场小雪就是一件大事。”
Even at the risk of appearing to this fair and witty reviewer as another Mr Woodhouse, I must insist that last night's fall of snow here was an event.
即使冒着以另一位伍德豪斯先生的身份出现在这位公正风趣的评论家面前的风险，我也必须坚称昨晚这里下的雪是一件大事。
词句自测
①_______ v. 坚称，坚决认为
insist
I was nearly as excited about it this morning as the children, whom I found all looking through the window at the magic outside and talking away as excitedly as if Christmas had suddenly come round again.
为此今天早上我几乎和孩子们一样兴奋，我发现他们都透过窗户望着外面的奇妙世界，兴奋地说个不停，好像圣诞节又突然来临了。
The fact is, however, that the snow was as strange and fascinating to me as it was to them.
然而，事实是，雪对我和孩子们来说都是奇异和迷人的。
It is the first fall we have had here this winter, and last year I was out of the country, sweating in a hot climate, during the snowy season, so that it really does seem an age since I saw the ground so fantastically carpeted.
这是今年冬天我们这里下的第一场雪，去年我出国了，在下雪的季节里，我却在炎热的天气里大汗淋漓。因此，看到地面上铺着如此奇妙的地毯，感觉确实像很久以前的事情了。
词句自测
②“主句(I was nearly as excited ... morning)＋比较状语从句(as the children)”。whom I found ... talking away as excitedly ... again是______________从句，解释说明先行词children。
非限制性定语
The first fall of snow is not only an event but it is a magical event.
第一场雪不仅是一件大事，而且是一件富有魔力的大事。
You go to bed in one kind of world and wake up to find yourself in another quite different, and if this is not magic, then where is it to be found
你睡觉时处在一个世界里，而醒来后发现自己在另一个完全不同的世界，如果这不是魔法，那么它还能在哪里被找到呢？
The very secrecy and quietness of the thing makes it more magical.
它的神秘和安静使它更有魔力。
词句自测
③________ n. 保密，秘密状态
④“分句(You go to bed ... quite different)＋and＋分句(if this ... be found)”。本句为and连接的____________。第二个分句是复合句，结构为“__________从句(if this is not magic)＋主句(then where is it to be found)”。
并列复合句
secrecy
条件状语
When I got up this morning the world was a cold place of dead white and pale blues.
当我今天早上起床的时候，这个世界变成了一个冰冷的地方，到处都是一片洁白和淡蓝色。
The light that came through the windows was very strange, and it made the familiar business of splashing and shaving and brushing and dressing very strange too.
从窗户射进来的光线非常奇怪，这使得洗脸、刮胡子、刷牙和穿衣服这些熟悉的日常行为也变得非常奇怪。
Then the sun came out, and by the time I had sat down to breakfast it was shining bravely and flushing the snow with delicate pinks.
然后太阳出来了，当我坐下吃早饭的时候，太阳的光彩绚丽夺目，给雪地添上了一抹柔和的淡粉色。
词句自测
⑤________ n. 刮胡子
⑥______ v. (使)发红
shaving
flush
The dining－room window had been transformed into a lovely Japanese print.
餐厅的窗户也已变成一幅可爱的日本版画。
The little plum tree outside, with the faintly flushed snow lining its branches and artfully disposed along its trunk, stood in full sunlight.
屋外的小李子树在充足的阳光照耀下，枝头覆着微微泛红的白雪，在树干上巧妙地排列着。
词句自测
⑦______ n. 李子；梅子
⑧_______ adv. 微弱地；模糊地
⑨________ v. 排列，布置
plum
faintly
dispose
An hour or two later everything was a cold sparkle of white and blue.
一两个小时以后，一切都变成了白色和蓝色的冷光。
The world had completely changed again.
这个世界再一次完全改变。
The little Japanese prints had all disappeared.
日本的小版画全都不见了。
I looked out of my study window, over the garden, the field, to the low hills beyond, and the ground went on and on, the sky was thick grey, and all the trees so many black and threatening shapes.
我从书房的窗户向外望去，越过花园、田野，眺望远处的小山，地面连绵不断，天空灰蒙蒙的，周围所有的树木都呈现出阴森恐怖的形状。
There was indeed something curiously disturbing about the whole prospect.
整个景色确实有一种奇怪的令人不安的东西。
词句自测
⑩________ n. 闪耀，闪光
__________ n. 开阔的景观，景色
sparkle
prospect
It was as if our kindly countryside, close to the very heart of England, had been turned into a cruel grassland.
就好像把我们这个靠近英格兰中心的友好乡村变成了一片残酷的草原。
At any moment, it seemed, a body of horsemen might be seen breaking out from the black trees, so many weapons might be heard and some distant spot of snow be reddened.
似乎随时都可能看到一群骑兵从黑压压的树林里冲出来，可能听到许多武器的声音，远处土地上的一些积雪也被染红。
It was that kind of landscape.
周围都是那种景象。
词句自测
_______ v. (使)变红
“主(It)系(was)表(as if our kindly ... cruel grassland)”。as if引导______从句，其中close to the very heart of England是__________，修饰countryside。
redden
表语
后置定语
Now it has changed again.
现在它又变了。
The glare has gone and no touch of the disturbing remains.
耀眼的光芒消失了，没有一丝令人不安的痕迹。
But the snow is falling heavily, in great soft flakes, so that you can hardly see across the shallow valley, and the roofs are thick and the trees all bending, and the weathercock of the village church, still to be seen through the grey loaded air, has become some creature out of Hans Andersen.
但雪下得很大，是大片非常柔软的雪花，所以你几乎无法看到整个浅谷，屋顶是厚厚的雪，树木也都被压弯了，透过灰色的厚厚的空气还可以看见村里教堂的风标，它已经变成了汉斯·安徒生笔下的某种生物了。
词句自测
______ n. 刺眼的强光
______ n. 小薄片
______ v. 变弯曲
____________ n. (公鸡形)风标
________ n. 教堂
glare
flake
bend
weathercock
church
From my study, which is apart from the house and faces it, I can see the children flattening their noses against the window, and there is running through my head a rhyme I used to repeat when I was a child and flattened my nose against the cold window to watch the falling snow：
我的书房独立于整所房子并朝向它，从这里我能看到孩子们把鼻子贴在窗户上，这时我的脑海中回响着一首孩提时代重复的歌谣，那个时候我也把鼻子紧紧贴着冰冷窗户去看外面飘落的雪花：
Snow, snow faster：
White alabaster!
Killing geese in Scotland，
Sending feathers here!
雪花，雪花快快飘吧：
就像片片洁白的石膏！
是谁在苏格兰宰了鹅，
片片羽毛飞到了这儿！
(Adaptation from First Snow by John Boynton Priestley)
(改编自约翰·博因顿·普里斯特利的《初雪》)
词句自测
________n. 儿歌，童谣
_________ n. 雪花石膏
21 _______ n. 鹅
22 ________ n. 羽毛
rhyme
alabaster
goose
feather
重点合作探究
1 inspector n. 检查员，巡视员(教材P82)
归纳 拓展
情景 助记
①After a research about the medicine, the inspector published a report about it.
在对这种药物进行一番研究后，检查员发表了一份关于它的报告。
②You should inspect the car well before you buy it.
在买车之前，你应该仔细检查一番。
③The young plants are regularly inspected for diseases and insects.
幼苗定期接受病虫害检查。
④He discovered, on closer inspection, that the rocks contained gold.
经过更为仔细的查看，他发现这些岩石含有黄金。
(1)单句语法填空
①It is a rule that our luggage should ___________ (inspect) by customs officers.
②Safety standards for vehicles have been raised both at the point of manufacture and through regular road ___________ (inspect)．
③It is said that an _________ will come to ________ our school, and he will judge our school according to his __________. (inspect)
be inspected
inspections
inspector
inspect
inspection
(2)单句表达
老师走来走去，检查他们的家庭作业。
The teacher walked around ________________________．
inspecting their homework
2 insist v. 坚称，坚决认为(教材P82)
归纳 拓展
情景 助记
①If you insist on leaving now, please go ahead.
如果你现在坚持要走，那就走吧。
②He insisted that he heard someone in the next room.
他坚称他听到隔壁房间有人说话。
③At her insistence, the matter was dropped.
在她的坚持下，这件事被搁置了。
名师点津
(1)单句语法填空
①The teacher insisted that his students _____________ (finish) their homework alone.
②He insisted that he _________ (do) nothing wrong.
③She insisted on your _______ (say) “sorry” to her in public.
(should) finish
had done
saying
(2)单句表达
①我坚决要求你立刻采取行动处理好这件事。
I _______ that you __________________ to put this right at once.
②她坚持说他错了。
She insisted that he ___________．
insist
(should) take action
was wrong
3 bend v. 变弯曲(教材P84)
归纳 拓展
情景 助记
①The old man bent with a heavy burden on his back.
老人因背着重担，腰都弯了。
②I bent down to lift the box off the floor.
我弯下腰，把箱子从地上拎起来。
③The driver slowed down at a tight bend.
驾驶员在一个急转弯处慢了下来。
(1)单句语法填空
①Students should resist the temptation to bend their mind ____ exams alone.
②The brush with a long handle will save us having to bend ______．
(2)单句表达
①我弯腰的时候，胸口痛得更厉害。
My chest pains get worse ________________．
②无论这个国家多么弱小，它决不屈服于强国。
However weak the nation may be, it will never ________ a greater power.
to
down
when I bend over
bend to
transform ... into ... 把……改变成……(教材P83)
归纳 拓展
①In only 20 years the country has been transformed into an advanced industrial power.
这个国家只用了20年就变成了一个先进的工业强国。
②The process is to transform information from one form to another.
这个过程是将信息从一种形式转换为另一种形式。
③In recent years his ideas have undergone a complete transformation.
近年来他的观念发生了彻底的改变。
(1)单句语法填空
①I have watched him transform _____ a good friend since then.
②Anyone who expects a source of power in the ______________ (transform) of these atoms is talking moonshine.
into
transformation
(2)单句表达
①他们已经把他们的房间改成了一家旅馆。
They have ____________ their rooms ______ a hotel.
②这家公司已由一个家族企业转变为一个国营机构。
The company _______________________ a family business _____a state operation.
transformed
into
has been transformed from
into
1 I was nearly as excited about it this morning as the children, whom I found all looking through the window at the magic outside and talking away as excitedly as if Christmas had suddenly come round again.(教材P82)
对于这场雪，我今早近乎像孩子们那样兴奋。孩子们透过窗子看着外面奇妙的世界，兴奋地说个不停，就像圣诞节突然又要来了一般。
剖析 as if 意为“好像”，在句中引导方式状语从句。
归纳 拓展
①It looks as if/though it isn't clean enough to swim here.
看起来这里的水好像不够干净，不适合游泳。
②You look as if you were ten years younger.(与现在事实相反)
你看上去好像年轻了十岁。
③He talked about the Great Wall as if he had been there before.(与过去事实相反)
他说起长城来，就好像以前去过似的。
④He opened his mouth as if he would say something.(与将来事实相反)
他张开嘴，好像要说些什么。
名师点津
as if/though引导状语从句时，从句中的主语和be动词常常可以省略，从句就变成“as if/though＋形容词/名词/介词短语/分词/不定式”。
(1)单句语法填空
①He talks as if he ______ (know) all about it.
②He learns English so hard as if he ________ (go) abroad.
(2)单句表达
①看起来天好像要下雨。
It looks ____________________．
②他英语讲得很好，好像他在英国生活了多年似的。
He speaks English perfectly __________________________________________．
knew
would go
as if it is going to rain
as if/though he had lived in the UK for many years
2 The fact is, however, that the snow was as strange and fascinating to me as it was to them.(教材P82)
事实上，这场雪于我而言，也是同样的奇异，同样的迷人。
剖析 The fact is that ... “事实是……”，that引导表语从句。
归纳 拓展
①The strength is that smiling can not only make us happy, but also make others pleased.
其优势在于微笑不仅仅让我们高兴，还能让别人感到愉悦。
②The drawback of the popularity of cars is that it brings about so much air pollution.
汽车普及的缺点是它带来了严重的空气污染。
③The chance is that one smoker in four will die from smoking.
有四分之一的烟民可能会死于吸烟。
名师点津
在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, request, advice等名词后的表语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
(1)单句语法填空
①The promise is ______ he'll return in three days as long as he can get to the destination in time.
②The suggestion is that the meeting ______________ (put) off till next week.
(2)单句表达
由于我们队剩余的比赛不太艰难，在结束时有可能名列前茅。
________________ our team will finish at the top, as our remaining matches aren't too difficult.
that
(should) be put
The chance is that
3 It is the first fall we have had here this winter ... (教材P82)
这是今年冬天我们在这里的第一场雪……
剖析 在“It/This/That is the first/second/third/... time＋(that)从句”中，(that)从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。
归纳拓展 It is＋第几次＋that从句 ...
此句式中，每一个位置都是可以变化的：①It 可以改用This或That；②is可以改用was；③第几次可以是第一次，也可以是第n次；④that可以有，也可以省略；⑤that从句中的谓语动词，可以是现在完成时，也可以是过去完成时。当主句动词用is时，从句谓语动词必须用现在完成时；当主句动词用was时，从句谓语动词必须用过去完成时。
①It is the third time (that) you have been late for work this week, isn't it
这已经是你这周第三次上班迟到了，不是吗？
②This was the first time (that) she had seen him in person.
这是她第一次见到他本人。
(1)单句语法填空
①It is the most instructive lecture that I ____________ (attend) since I came to this school.
②This is the first time _____ children have taken up in such a study.
(2)单句表达
那是我第一次为父母做饭吃。
It was the first time that ___________________ for my parents.
have attended
that
I had cooked a meal
课堂效果检测
Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子
1．Both sides wish to further ________ (增强) and deepen their cooperation.
2．The nursery ________ (童谣) reminds me of my happy childhood spent with my grandparents.
3．I grew a beard so as not to have the bother of ________ (刮胡子) every morning.
4．He continues to _____ (坚称) that all he wrote in the book is nothing but the truth, and that he will stand by his word.
5．A big fan began blowing tiny white ________ (羽毛) down on him, and soon the trees were covered in “snow”．
enhance
rhyme
shaving
insist
feathers
6．The family rented a former c______ in downtown Portland and scheduled a concert.
7．Standing on the top of the mountain, we can enjoy a delightful p________ of the lake.
8．One of the main characters of this plastic is its ability to b____ without breaking.
9．So you can also get the diamond rays to s________ over you and on others by having diamond jewelry.
10．The suspect was declared i________ for lack of convincing evidence.
hurch
rospect
end
parkle
nnocent
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．This new evidence will prove their __________ (innocent)．
2．From the slope below, the wild goats bleated _______ (faint).
3．I suggest that you should stay here as if nothing _____________ (happen).
4．If you are a _______ (week) boarder or go home most weekends it can be harder to make friends.
5．The mill was finally shut down by state safety __________ (inspect)．
innocence
faintly
had happened
weekly
inspectors
6．One theory is _____ the disease has been present for a long time.
7．She bent ______ immediately to cut the grass.
8．The researchers said genes weren't the only factors ________ (affect) people's tastes.
9．It is the first time that I __________ (come) to Shanghai.
10．Pearson massaged his __________ (redden) cheek.
that
down
to affect
have come
reddened
Ⅲ.选词填空
looked through
break out, look through, at the risk of, be transformed into, come round
1．She _____________ his notes and handed them back without comments.
2．He happened to be in England when World WarⅡ _________ and he just stayed on.
3．When the new road was built, the small town _________________ a large city.
4．On entering the garden, I noted that spring had ___________．
5．They prevented a serious railway accident ____________ their own lives.
broke out
was transformed into
come round
at the risk of
Ⅳ.单句表达
1．她坚持完成高中学业，以便能充分关注自己的演艺生涯。
She __________________ high school so that she could give her full attention to her acting career.
2．不要对待这个花瓶就好像它是钢做的一样。
Don't handle the vase as if _______________ steel.
insisted on finishing
it were made of
3．我们应该全力支持这个项目，以便能按期完成。
We should give this project every support _______________________ on schedule.
4．我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。(表语从句)
_________________ all of us are to start at 6 o'clock tomorrow morning.
5．这是她第二次看见她的祖父了。(This is the first/second/third/ ... time＋that从句)
________________________ she has seen her grandfather.
so that it can be completed
My decision is that
This is the second time that
课后课时作业（一）
Ⅰ 阅读
A
In 1985, Charlie Burrell inherited (继承) a piece of land in West Sussex, England, which is 3，500 acres. It had been in his family for more than 200 years. As it was a failing farm, he and his wife, Isabella Tree, were both set to run a traditional farm, but soon realized the costs far outweighed the profits. The land wasn't suitable for growing crops anymore.
So, in 2001, the couple decided to try something else—an experiment in “rewilding”， or restoring environments to their natural state. They reintroduced native species, including Tamworth pigs, Exmoor ponies, longhorn cattle, and deer. Then they took out all the fences and let the animals wander freely.
In the following years, the land went through an incredible change. The once neat fields were covered with bushes, creating habitats where new plant and animal species could grow.
Now it's home to many different creatures, including two rare species of bats, nightingales, peregrine falcons, white storks, and even turtle doves, whose numbers have dropped by 98 percent in the UK over the last few decades!
“We were living in a biological desert. Now, ecologists are blown away all the time by just the amount of life here，” Isabella said. “It shows the potential that this kind of project has for changing trends of biodiversity decline.”
What's more, the land is now profitable! Charlie and Isabella offer multiple services there, including walking tours, safaris, photography classes, and rewilding workshops. They also sell meat to control their large animal populations, and even allow visitors to spend a night outside in the tents they set up.
What a promising outcome! This is amazing news for conservationists and shows that our planet can be returned to its natural glory, if only we let it. Now, it's a beautiful reminder of how ecosystems can be restored by letting Mother Nature take the control.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一对夫妇将土地恢复到自然状态，这不仅保护了生态环境，还得到了切实利益。
1．What did the couple do with the land
A．They planted trees on it.
B．They raised animals on it.
C．They restored it to its natural state.
D．They transformed it into a traditional farm.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“in 2001, the couple ... to their natural state”可知，这对夫妇决定将土地恢复到自然状态。故选C。
2．What does the underlined phrase “blown away” in Paragraph 5 mean
A．Amused. B．Impressed.
C．Disappointed. D．Confused.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“a biological desert”以及“It shows ... biodiversity decline.(这表明该项目在改变生物多样性下降趋势方面具有一定的潜力。)”可推知，这里的生命数量给生态学家留下了深刻印象。blow away “留下深刻印象”。故选B。
3．Which is one of the ways the couple make profits
A．Selling tents to tourists.
B．Selling what they grow on the land.
C．Killing animals and selling the meat.
D．Drawing rare animals and selling the pictures.
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“They also sell meat to control their large animal populations”可知，这对夫妇的盈利方式之一是杀动物卖肉。故选C。
4．What can be inferred about the couple
A．They have creative ideas.
B．They succeeded through hard labor.
C．They are too lazy to manage a farm.
D．They care more about money than the ecosystem.
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，这对夫妻想出了常人想不到的好主意，将土地恢复到自然状态，不仅保护了生态环境，而且获得切实利益。由此可推知，这对夫妇拥有创造性的想法。故选A。
B
Craig Foster, bare chested, was diving in bitterly cold waters off the southernmost tip of Africa when he saw her—an octopus hiding under a coat of shells and stones.
Deeply attracted, he began following this incredibly shy creature. He kept coming back every day to the same place where he first met her, trying to stay very still in her presence. For weeks she refused him: hiding in her home, or pushing her liquid body into the nearest crack to escape. And then, after Foster's dogged persistence for 26 days, she reached out and touched him.
In the documentary My Octopus Teacher, this tender moment moves you in a way you never thought an octopus tentacle (触手) wrapped around a human hand could. The nature documentary won Best Feature at the EarthxFilm Festival 2020.
“If you gain the trust of that animal over a period of months, it will actually ignore you to a certain degree and carry on with its normal life, and allow you to step inside its secret world，” Foster says in his documentary.
We see her outsmarting a shark by riding on its back, growing a new tentacle after surviving a shark attack, and finally wasting away after laying her eggs. “The octopus showed me many behaviors that were completely new to science，” Foster says.
After years of filming some of the planet's most dangerous animals, Foster was burnt out, depressed, and disconnected. “I was struggling. My only way to heal felt like I needed to be in the ocean, my go to happy place as a child，” he says.
Completely involving himself in the underwater world has calmed his mind. Over the years other animals have reached out to make contact, including dolphins, whales and even sharks. “But nothing has compared to this ‘once in a lifetime’ bond with the octopus，” Foster says.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述Craig Foster (克雷格·福斯特)与章鱼之间的暖心故事，向我们表明人类是自然界的一部分。
The octopus changed Foster's life forever. Foster says the octopus taught him that humans are part of the natural world, and not simply visitors. “Your own role and place in the natural world are the most precious gifts we humans have received，” he says.
5．Foster followed the octopus with ________．
A．great patience B．a professional goal
C．scientific curiosity D．an adventurous spirit
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“And then, after ... touched him.”可知，Foster通过26天的坚持获得了章鱼的信任。由此可推知，Foster跟随章鱼时具有很大的耐心。故选A。
6．According to My Octopus Teacher, the octopus ________．
A．enjoyed Foster's attention
B．taught Foster surviving skills
C．placed trust in Foster gradually
D．benefited from Foster's company
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，在纪录片《我的章鱼老师》中，一只章鱼的触须缠绕在Foster的手上。由此可推知，章鱼通过与Foster的接触，逐渐开始信任他了。故选C。
7．What did Foster learn from the experience
A．The natural world offers many gifts.
B．Humans belong to the natural world.
C．The natural world never fails to impress.
D．Humans should protect the natural world.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The octopus changed ... and not simply visitors.”可知，Foster从这次经历中认识到了人类是属于自然界的。故选B。
Ⅱ 七选五
The celebration of Earth Day on April 22nd began in the United States in 1970.Earth Day is a perfect time to reflect about what you are doing to help protect the environment. There are many ways that you can celebrate alone and with others.
Reduce, reuse and recycle all day long
Buy as little as possible and avoid items that come in lots of packaging. Support local growers and producers of food and products—these don't have to travel as far and so reduce greenhouse gas emissions. __1__. Recycle all the things you do use for the day.
Rid litter
Many groups use the weekend of Earth Day to clear roadways, highways and neighborhood streets. __2__. And villages organize bag pick ups. Once the group has collected the trash and placed the recycled bags along the road, get the village public works department to pick the bags up.
__3__．
There are many Earth Day song lyrics available on the Internet. Many follow well known tunes. These make a fantastic classroom activity and help younger children to become interested in environmental topics.
Engage others in conversation about your environment concerns
Don't be bossy or pushy. __4__. Encourage them to respond and if they have no opinions or they seem to not know much, help them learn some more by imparting your environmental knowledge in a friendly and helpful manner.
Remember: Every day is Earth Day
Anything to help our environment is a perfect thing to do on Earth Day and every day. __5__； learn about how you can make a difference to environmental protection all the time. And put it into practice—every day!
A．Join in group work
B．Try to save money and water
C．Sing or listen to “Earth” songs
D．Take your drink container with you
E．Don't restrict yourself to just one day a year
F．Many companies donate gloves and bags for clean up groups
G．Tell people some facts and then explain your feelings about them
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章对如何度过地球日给出了有效建议。
1．答案：D
解析：根据后文“Recycle all the things you do use for the day.”可知，要循环利用一天中使用的所有东西。D项(随身携带你的饮料容器)引出后文。故选D。
2．答案：F
解析：根据前文“Many groups use the weekend ... neighborhood streets.”和后文“And villages organize bag pick ups.”可知，此处讲述许多团体组织人们在地球日清理道路。F项(许多公司捐赠手套和袋子给清洁团队)符合语境。故选F。
3．答案：C
解析：设空处为本段小标题，根据后文可知，本段主要讲述要了解关于地球的歌曲。C项(唱或听“地球”歌曲)概括本段内容。故选C。
4．答案：G
解析：根据小标题“Engage others in conversation about your environment concerns”可知，和别人交流你对环境的担忧。G项(告诉人们一些事实，然后解释你对它们的感受)符合语境。故选G。
5．答案：E
解析：根据前文“Anything to help our environment ... every day.”可知，不要仅限于在地球日这一天做有助于环境的事情。E项(不要把自己限制在一年中的某一天)承接前文。故选E。
课后课时作业（二）
Ⅰ 阅读
Despite these efforts to prevent the spread of invasive (入侵的) species, they keep increasing on the planet. For example, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has identified a list of the 100 “world's worst” invaders that have spread across the planet with little hope of controlling them. The list includes eight species of fish. They are highly valued by people for food or entertainment, and thus not only are they difficult to control, but people may not wish to control them. An example would be rainbow trout (虹鳟鱼). Although rainbow trout has demonstrated impacts on native species and ecosystems, this species is unlikely to be controlled soon.
The example highlights the difficult task in controlling biological invasions. Although control can work sometimes, this often can't completely remove the invader. Furthermore, control isn't always an option when invaders are species people desire, or control efforts harm native species.
Given the difficulty of preventing or controlling biological invasions, what should we do One way is to focus on the impacts of invasions rather than the invaders themselves. For example, it may be possible to manage the undesirable impacts without fully controlling them. This approach is like managing undesirable symptoms of a disease that cannot be cured. For invasive species, undesirable symptoms are the negative impacts on native species or ecosystems.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍尽管我们努力阻止物种的入侵，但是因为种种原因，控制物种入侵很难。作者认为应该想办法减少物种入侵的影响和威胁，试着和入侵物种共存。
Managing the impacts of invaders needn't be the only method. It can be combined with more conventional measures of prevention and control to design more effective strategies. Adding the option of managing impacts without the need for control opens up new opportunities for dealing with the challenges of managing biological invasions. We hope this will inspire people to work more closely to understand ways to minimize the threat posed by invaders as there seems no choice but to learn how to live with them.
1．What is the negative effect of controlling biological invasions
A．People may be short of food.
B．Serious pollution may be caused.
C．Harmful species will grow quickly.
D．Native species can be harmed.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Furthermore, control isn't ... harm native species.”可知，控制入侵物种时所采取的一些措施，可能会伤害本地物种。故选D。
2．Why is a disease mentioned in the third paragraph
A．To show biological invasions are harmful.
B．To show biological invasions can spread diseases.
C．To tell us to treat biological invasions in a similar way.
D．To show biological invasions are unable to control.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“For example, it may ... that cannot be cured. (例如，在不能完全控制入侵物种的情况下应对其不良影响是有可能的。这个方法就像应对一种不能被治愈的疾病的不良症状。)”可推知，作者提到这种疾病，是为了说明这两种方式在控制不良影响方面是相似的。故选C。
3．What does the text tell us to deal with the invasive species at last
A．Reducing the threat to the lowest level.
B．Taking good care of them.
C．Keeping away from them.
D．Getting rid of them completely.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“We hope this ... live with them. (因为除了学会与它们共存，似乎别无选择，我们希望这将激励人们更紧密地合作，去探索将入侵物种带来的威胁降至最低的方法。)”可知，这篇文章在最后告诉我们应对物种入侵，要把入侵者带来的威胁降到最低程度。故选A。
Ⅱ 完形填空
Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second __1__. He learned the value and beauty of __2__ there from a very young age.
When he was 16, Molai began to notice something __3__ happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the __4__ it caused had driven away a number of birds. __5__， the number of snakes had declined as well. He __6__ that it was because there weren't enough trees to protect them from the __7__. The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek __8__ during the daytime. He turned to the __9__ department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and __10__ a nearby island where he began to plant trees.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了印度人Molai (莫莱)坚持长年植树造林改善环境的故事。
__11__ young plants in the dry season was __12__ for a lone boy. Molai built at the __13__ of each sapling (幼树) a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to __14__ rainwater. The water would then drip (滴落) on the plants below.
Molai __15__ to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.
1.A.dream B．job
C．home D．choice
解析：上文提到Molai是在一个小村庄里长大，小村庄是Molai的第一个家，那么湿地应该是他的第二个家。故选C。
2．A.nature B．youth
C．culture D．knowledge
解析：根据语境可知，Molai居住在小村庄，旁边就是湿地，湿地与大自然相关，其次，下文讲述Molai种树改善环境的故事，可判断此处指Molai懂得大自然的价值和美丽。故选A。
3．A.precious B．interesting
C．disturbing D．awkward
解析：上文提到value and beauty，下文提到洪水爆发，鸟和蛇的数量减少，由此可知，Molai所在的地方发生了不好的事情。disturbing意为“令人不安的，引起恐慌的”。故选C。
4．A.waste B．tension
C．pain D．damage
解析：根据洪水和鸟的数量减少之间的因果关系可知，此处指洪水造成的破坏赶走了许多鸟类。damage意为“破坏”。故选D。
5．A.Besides B．However
C．Therefore D．Otherwise
解析：上文提到鸟的数量减少了，下文提到蛇的数量也减少了，两者之间是补充递进关系，besides “并且；而且”很好地连接了上下文内容。故选A。
6．A.agreed B．realized
C．remembered D．predicted
解析：上文提到发生了不好的事情，鸟和蛇的数量都减少了，此处指Molai“意识到”是因为没有足够多的树来为它们提供保护。故选B。
7．A.noise B．heat
C．disease D．dust
解析：根据下文“to plant trees so the animals could seek ... during the daytime”可知，树能保护动物们免受太阳暴晒和高温的伤害。故选B。
8．A.directions B．partners
C．help D．shelter
解析：根据上文可知，由于没有足够多的树，鸟和蛇的数量减少了，而种树能为动物们提供保护。shelter “庇护；遮蔽物”。故选D。
9．A.labor B．police
C．forest D．finance
解析：Molai认为种树是解决问题的办法，因此他去寻求帮助的部门应是forest department(林业部门)。故选C。
10．A.rebuilt B．discovered
C．left D．managed
解析：根据上文“nothing would grow there”以及此处提到Molai开始在附近的一个岛上种树可知，Molai “发现”了这个岛。故选B。
11．A.Decorating B．Observing
C．Watering D．Guarding
解析：根据本句中的“dry season”以及下文中的“rainwater”和“water”可知，此处指给树苗浇水。故选C。
12．A.tough B．illegal
C．fantastic D．beneficial
解析：根据本句中的“dry season”以及“lone boy”可知，一个人在旱季给树浇水并非易事。tough “艰难的；棘手的”。故选A。
13．A.back B．top
C．foot D．side
解析：根据下文“The water would then drip (滴落) on the plants below.”可知，Molai把竹子制成的平台搭建在了每棵树苗的上面。故选B。
14．A.cool down B．keep off
C．purify D．collect
解析：根据语境可知，Molai在竹制平台上放置的带孔陶罐应是用来“收集”雨水的，雨水会顺着陶罐上的小孔滴落到树苗上。故选D。
15．A.returned B．learned
C．failed D．continued
解析：根据下文“next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1，360 acres of naturally grown land”可知，Molai一直在坚持种树，即他在接下来的37年里继续种树。故选D。
Ⅲ 语法填空
When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be very difficult to let go of your anger. But forgiveness is possible—and it can be __1__ (surprising) valuable to your physical and mental health. So far, research __2__ (show) that people who forgive can have more energy, better appetite and better sleep. “People who forgive show __3__ (little) anger and more hopefulness，” says Dr Fred Luskin, who wrote the book Forgive for Good. “So it can help reduce the tiredness and allow people __4__ (feel) more energetic.”
So when someone has hurt you, cool down first. Take a couple of breaths and think of something __5__ gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, or someone you love. Don't wait for an __6__ (apologize). “Many times someone who hurt you may never think of apologizing，” says Dr Luskin.“They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things in __7__ same way.”
Next, keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean __8__ (accept) the action of the person who upsets you.Instead, learn to look for love, beauty and kindness around you. Finally, try to see things __9__ the other person's perspective (角度). You may realize that he or she was acting out of ignorance (无知). To gain perspective, you can write a letter to __10__ (you) from that person's point of view.
1．________ 2．________ 3．________ 4．________ 5．________
6．________ 7．________ 8．________ 9．________ 10．________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就“当别人伤害我们时，应该怎么做”给出了建议。
解析：考查词性转换。此处应用副词修饰形容词valuable。故填surprisingly。
1．答案：surprisingly
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语So far可知，谓语动词应用现在完成时；主语research是第三人称单数，助动词应用has。故填has shown。
2．答案：has shown
解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据and more hopefulness可知，此处指会宽恕的人会表现出更少的愤怒和更多的希望，设空处应用little的比较级。故填less。
3．答案：less
解析：考查非谓语动词。allow sb to do sth是固定搭配，意为“允许某人做某事”，此处应用不定式作宾语补足语。故填to feel。
4．答案：to feel
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。此处为定语从句，先行词为不定代词something，关系词在从句中作主语，只能用that而不能用which。故填that。
5．答案：that
解析：考查词性转换。设空处作wait for的宾语，且根据an可知，应用名词单数。故填apology。
6．答案：apology
解析：考查冠词。固定短语in the same way意为“以相同的方式”。故填the。
7．答案：the
解析：考查非谓语动词。mean doing sth意为“意味着做某事”，此处应用动名词作宾语。故填accepting。
8．答案：accepting
解析：考查介词。句意：最后，试着从别人的角度看问题。from ... perspective是固定搭配，意为“从……角度”。故填from。
9．答案：from
解析：考查代词。当作宾语的代词与主语指同一人或物时，应用反身代词。故填yourself。
10．答案：yourself
