英语 选择性必修 第三册 WY
Period Ⅱ Using language—Grammar & Integrated skills
Grammar (动词不定式复习(2)——作定语、状语、补语)
①You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday.
②She is often heard to sing this song (by us)．
③Do you have anything to do tonight
④There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
⑤You couldn't do that to save your life.
⑥I worked hard, only to fail at last.
⑦She invited me to have dinner with her yesterday.
(1)①⑤⑥句中的动词不定式在句中作________，分别表示________，________，________。
(2)②⑦句中的动词不定式在句中作________，其中②句中的动词不定式位于感官动词后，用于被动语态不能省略________。
(3)③④句中的动词不定式在句中作________，其中④句中的动词不定式表示________发生的动作。
答案：(1)状语 原因 目的 结果 (2)补语 to (3)定语 将要
一、动词不定式作定语
1.作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。
The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.
布朗一家有舒适的房子可住。
2．当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较：
Have you got anything to send
你有什么东西要寄吗？(不定式to send的动作执行者是“你”)
Have you got anything to be sent
你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗？(不定式to be sent的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”)
3．用不定式作定语的几种情况：
(1)不定式表示将来
The car to be bought is for his sister.
要买的这辆车是给他姐姐的。
(2)用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词。
He was the best man to do the job.
他是做这项工作的最佳人选。
She was the first person to think of the idea.
她是第一个想到这个主意的人。
(3)用来修饰的词是抽象名词时用不定式，常见的有ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time等。
Do you have the ability to read and write in English
你具备英语读写的能力吗？
I have no chance to go sightseeing.
我没有机会外出观光。
4．不定式的一般被动式(to be done)、过去分词(done)、现在分词的一般被动式(being done)作定语时的区别：
不定式的一般被动式表示将来的被动动作；过去分词表示被动或完成的动作；现在分词的一般被动式表示被动、进行的动作。
The question to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting is a very important one.
明天将要在会上讨论的这个问题非常重要。
Have you read the novel written by Dickens
你读过狄更斯写的小说吗？
Listen！The song being sung is very popular with the students.
听！现在正唱着的这首歌在学生中非常流行。
(1)单句语法填空
①The building ________ (build) next year will be a new school.
②The building ________ (build) now will be a new school.
③The building ________ (build) last year is a new school now.
答案：①to be built ②being built ③built
(2)单句表达
①有很多工作要做。
There is a lot of work ____________．
②他是最不可依靠的人。
He is the last person ________________．
③要买的那本书已经被他人买走了。
The book ________________ has already been bought by another person.
④该开始春播了。
It is already time ____________ spring sowing.
答案：①to do ②to depend on ③to be bought
④to start
二、动词不定式作状语
1．目的状语：to do, in order to do和so as to do, 其中so as to do 不能用于句首。
To avoid any delay please phone your order directly.
为避免延误，请直接打电话预订。
In order to find hard evidence, he searched the whole house.
为了找到有力的证据，他搜查了整个房子。
I'll write down his telephone number so as not to forget it.
我要把他的电话号码写下来，以免忘记。
2．原因状语：跟在某些表示心理变化的形容词后面，如：glad, surprised, amazed, delighted 等。
We were surprised to find everything changed.
发现一切都变了，我们很惊讶。
3．结果状语：可以表示出乎意料的结果，这时其前有时用逗号隔开或加副词only；也可以用于too ... to ... “太……而不能……”， ... enough to ... “足够……”和so/such ... as to ... “如此……以至于……”句型中。
I hurried to Professor Wang's house, only to find he was out.
我匆忙地赶到王教授的家，可是却发现他出去了。
He was so tired as to be unable to walk.
他累得走不动了。
名师点津 动词不定式在作表语或补语的形容词后面作状语时，常用主动形式表示被动含义，常见的此类形容词有 easy, hard, difficult, pleasant, interesting, comfortable, safe, dangerous, impossible, fit 等，该类形容词说明的是不定式的性质。 The poem is not easy to translate. 这首诗翻译起来难。 The music is pleasant to listen to. 这音乐听起来悦耳。
(1)单句语法填空
①He looked out of the window ________ (find) the world outside greatly changed.
②I'm surprised ________ (see) that she has gone.
③The water is not fit ________ (drink), so hold out until we get to a shop.
答案：①to find ②to see ③to drink
(2)单句表达
①他轻轻进来，以免把他的妻子吵醒。
He came in quietly ______________________ his wife.
②为了在天黑前到达，我们很早就动身了。
________________________ before dark, we started early.
答案：①so as not to/in order not to wake ②In order to arrive/To arrive
三、动词不定式作补语
1．一般情况下，不定式作宾补常指动作是将来发生的，常构成“谓语动词＋宾语＋to do”结构。
The children asked their parents to take them to the park.
孩子们要求父母带他们去公园。
2．感官动词，如see, watch, look at, observe, notice, hear, listen to, feel及部分表示“使”“让”的使役动词，如have, make, let跟不定式作宾补时要省略不定式符号to。但在被动语态中to要加上。
Though he had often made his sister cry, today he was made to cry by his sister.
尽管他总是弄哭他妹妹，但今天却被他妹妹弄哭了。
名师点津 (1)感官动词后跟分词和动词不定式作宾补的区别：如果感官动词后的宾语和非谓语动词之间是主动关系或表示正在进行的动作或动作的一个片段，则用现在分词；是主动关系又表示全过程时，则用省略to的动词不定式；如果是被动关系，且动作已经完成，则用过去分词。 (2)使役动词leave, have, get可跟三种非谓语动词形式作补语，但意义不同。 Suddenly he heard someone knocking gently on the window. 忽然他听见有人在轻轻地敲窗户。 The police observed a man enter the bank. 警察注意到一个男人走进了银行。 When they got there, they saw the house completely burnt down. 当他们到那里时，看到房子已全部被烧毁。
(1)判断下列句子中补语表示的意义
a．主动 b．被动 c．完成 d．将来
①The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn't taste delicious.________
②He left, leaving me to do all the rest work.________
③We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled.________
④I'll have/get my bike repaired tomorrow.________
⑤Mr Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.________
⑥He got me to make a promise that I would keep my word.________
答案：①bc ②ad ③bd ④b ⑤bc ⑥ad
(2)单句语法填空
①I asked him ________ (buy) a torch when he came here.
②What caused him ________ (change) his mind
③The farmer had his house ________ (destroy) in the storm.
④You'd better speak louder in order to make yourself ________ (hear).
⑤She was found ________ (read) at the school gate this morning.
答案：①to buy ②to change ③destroyed
④heard ⑤reading
(3)单句表达
①昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。
I ________________ in the garden yesterday.
②昨天我看见他正在花园里干活。
I ________________ in the garden yesterday.
③昨天我看见他受到了他父母的惩罚。
I ________________ by his parents yesterday.
④这个男孩被他的母亲强迫去上学。
The boy was made ____________________ by his mother.
答案：①saw him work ②saw him working ③saw him punished ④to go to school
Vocabulary
1 fade v. 逐渐消失；褪色(教材P87)
归纳拓展
①In the United States, friends can be close, constant, intense, generous, and real, yet fade away in a short time if circumstances change.
在美国，朋友之间的关系可能是亲密的、长久不变的、热烈的、慷慨的且真诚的，可是如果环境改变了，这种友情可能很快就会消逝。
②The closing music fades out when the hero rides off into the sunset.
当男主角策马向夕阳驰去时，尾声音乐逐渐消失。
③The truck pulled away, and she listened to the rattling noises fade down the lane.
卡车驶离了，她听着那辘辘声在小巷里逐渐远去。
(1)单句语法填空
①The sound of the motorboat faded ________ in the distance.
②As evening came, the coastline faded ________ darkness.
答案：①away ②into
(2)单句表达
①达成协议的希望似乎正在逐渐渺茫。
Hopes of reaching an agreement seem to be ____________________．
②太阳出来了，烟雾渐渐消失了。
The smoke and fog ____________ as the sun appeared.
答案：①fading away ②faded out
2 sweep v. 吹过，掠过(教材P87)
归纳拓展
①The aeroplane swept past the sky, leaving a long white line behind.
飞机掠过苍穹，留下一条长长的白线。
②In China, people believe fire can sweep away bad luck, so, red means good luck.
在中国，人们觉得火能扫除坏运气，所以红色意味着好运。
③Seasonal influenza spreads easily and can sweep through schools, nursing homes or businesses and towns.
季节性流感很容易传播，可席卷学校、疗养院或企业和城镇。
④After class we were asked to sweep up the dead leaves in the schoolyard.
下课后我们被要求把校园里的枯叶打扫干净。
用sweep相关短语的适当形式填空
①She was left to ____________ after the party.
②A cold wind ____________ the north last month.
③Cold wind ____________ the treeless plain.
答案：①sweep up ②swept through ③sweeps over
Ⅰ.根据语境及首字母提示完成句子
1．Her enthusiasm for early－morning exercises f________ as the weather was getting colder and colder.
答案：faded
2．The region produces over 50% of the country's w________．
答案：wheat
3．Most roses will begin to b________； from late May.
答案：bloom
4．Her gaze s________ rapidly around the classroom.
答案：sweeps
5．She p________ the boxes one on top of the other in her study and went out.
答案：piled
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I understand that you often use the example of the gymnast Sang Lan ________ (show) how people can find happiness even during times of a personal catastrophe.
答案：to show
2．She asked me ________ (help) her with her English.
答案：to help
3．________ (catch) the train, he got up early.
答案：To catch
4．The painting depicted a group of peasants ________ (reap) a harvest of fruits and vegetables.
答案：reaping
5．He must work very hard in order ________ (support) his large family.
答案：to support
6．I ran all the way to the post office, only ________ (find) that it had closed.
答案：to find
7．His first book ________ (publish) next month is based on a true story.
答案：to be published
8．If one idles away his time, youth will fade ________ and life will run out of him.
答案：away
9．The boys said they would sweep ________ the leaves.
答案：up
10．The father allowed his son ________ (travel) abroad alone.
答案：to travel
Ⅲ.单句表达
1．病毒可以在很短的时间内席卷整个人群。
The virus can ____________ whole populations in a very short time.
答案：sweep through
2．我们吃饭是为了活着，而不是活着为了吃饭。
We eat ____________ rather than live ____________________．
答案：to live; to eat
3．在这个问题上我没有什么要说的。
I have ________________ on this question.
答案：nothing to say
4．他太年轻了，不能理解所有的一切。
He is ________________________ all that.
答案：too young to understand
5．她在生命的最后几个星期已是油尽灯枯了。
In the last weeks of her life she simply ____________________．
答案：faded away
6．妈妈打开窗户让一些新鲜空气进来。
Mom opened the window __________________________________．
答案：to let some fresh air in
7．年底总是积压一大堆工作。
Work always ____________ at the end of the year.
答案：piles up
8．我父亲每天让我弹两个小时的钢琴。
I was made ____________________ for two hours every day by my father.
答案：to play the piano
9．计算机将给予学生们按照自己的速度学习的机会。
The computer will give students ______________________ at their own pace.
答案：the opportunity to learn
10．下一列到站的火车来自北京。
____________________________ is from Beijing.
答案：The next train to arrive
课后课时作业
Ⅰ 完形填空
I'd planned to spend my weekend in the sun, enjoying flowers outdoors. But that was __1__ the pair of disgusting crows (乌鸦) arrived. Out of nowhere, they had set up their base __2__ in our backyard.
We first __3__ our feathered enemies on Friday morning. It was early, and the sound the birds made __4__ through our neighborhood. I figured they'd __5__ soon. But, no. They were getting louder and probably __6__ my neighbors nearly as much as us with the noise. I admit I got a little __7__．
Then, on Sunday afternoon, I saw our dog Quatchi staring at something on the ground. I went to __8__ and found a small coal black bird in the grass. Its eyes were milky, and it stayed perfectly __9__ as my dog walked towards it. Only when Quatchi __10__ his nose to its head did it walk away. I __11__ the dog inside and came back with my camera.
It never occurred to me that the young would be hanging out on the ground, growing and gaining __12__ as its parents guarded it from above. The second I saw this little creature I __13__ the crows.
To be honest, I've never been much of a bird person. And I wish they'd chosen another backyard. But I'm also __14__ that I got to see this little bit of nature unfold up close. It's pretty amazing.
The experience has also __15__ my desire to create a beautiful backyard garden that attracts lots of bees, butterflies, and yes, birds. They are welcome here.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者对在后院安家的乌鸦从讨厌到怜爱的过程，也告诉我们对待小动物要一视同仁。
1．A.after B．when
C．until D．before
答案：D
解析：句意：但那是在那对恶心的乌鸦到来之前。根据上文“I'd planned ... flowers outdoors.”可知，作者在乌鸦来之前，心情极好。故选D。
2．A.organization B．camp
C．business D．trap
答案：B
解析：根据下文可知，乌鸦在他们家的后院定居下来，即建立了大本营。base camp意为“大本营”。故选B。
3．A.accepted B．drove
C．discovered D．invited
答案：C
解析：句意：我们第一次发现有羽毛的敌人是在星期五早上。根据语境可知，此处是指作者第一次发现乌鸦。故选C。
4．A.traveled B．flew
C．ran D．flowed
答案：A
解析：根据下文“They were getting ... with the noise.”可知，乌鸦的叫声很大，穿越街区， travel through为固定搭配，意为“穿越，穿过”。故选A。
5．A.sing B．fight
C．fall down D．quiet down
答案：D
解析：根据下文“But, no. They were getting louder”可知，作者认为它们会安静下来。故选D。
6．A.attracting B．annoying
C．frightening D．amusing
答案：B
解析：根据上文“It was early ... through our neighborhood.”可知，在很早的时候，乌鸦的叫声，会让人恼火。故选B。
7．A.excited B．amazed
C．curious D．desperate
答案：D
解析：根据上下文的语境可知，在早上听到乌鸦那么大的叫声，很是恼火，却又无可奈何，有点绝望。故选D。
8．A.prevent B．defend
C．explore D．assist
答案：C
解析：根据上文“I saw our dog ... on the ground”可知，作者看到他们的狗Quatchi盯着地上的东西。出于好奇，作者也去一探究竟。故选C。
9．A.cold B．enthusiastic
C．still D．friendly
答案：C
解析：根据下文“Only when ... it walk away.”可知，在狗走近它之前，它一动不动。故选C。
10．A.touched B．threw
C．pointed D．connected
答案：A
解析：根据常识及语境可知，此处是指狗用鼻子碰触它。故选A。
11．A.awarded B．locked
C．praised D．fed
答案：B
解析：根据上文描述狗用鼻子碰触了小乌鸦可推知，作者担心小乌鸦的处境，怕狗伤害它而把狗锁起来。故选B。
12．A.strength B．pity
C．advantage D．freedom
答案：A
解析：strength 力气；pity 怜悯；advantage 优势；freedom 自由。此处是指小乌鸦长大，有了力气。故选A。
13．A.hated B．respected
C．admired D．forgave
答案：D
解析：根据上文可知，乌鸦来到作者的后院安了家，吵到了他们，但作者看到这只小乌鸦就宽恕了它们。故选D。
14．A.pitiful B．grateful
C．painful D．careful
答案：B
解析：根据上文“To be honest ... a bird person.”可知，作者从来都不是一个喜欢鸟的人。but表示转折，表明作者因为小乌鸦的可爱，而感激大自然能让作者近距离观察到它。故选B。
15．A.discouraged B．ensured
C．strengthened D．proved
答案：C
解析：discourage 阻止；ensure 确保；strengthen 增强；prove 证明。根据语境可知，此处是指看见小乌鸦的经历让作者增强了建立一个美丽花园的愿望。故选C。
Ⅱ 语法填空
A waitress at a New Jersey Mop was so lucky that she received a very generous tip last week. The __1__ (generous) drove the hard working mom of two kids to tears, who __2__ (serve) meals to a group of 12 persons at a party.
“At the end of the party, they gave me __3__ envelope. When I opened it up, it came __4__ a surprise that there was a lot of money. I thought what they did was __5__ (possible) a mistake. But they said, ‘No, that's for you.’” Alice recalled.
It is 1，200 dollar tip, __6__ (make) Alice shocked. Alice, a waitress in IHop, who has been working there in the past three years, says the generous tip will allow her __7__ (buy) some gifts for her two daughters during the holiday season. “It means a lot, especially when you work day to day，” Alice adds.
Those generous men were participating in an annual nationwide activity __8__ customers always leave huge tips for deserving waiters and waitresses. “She's at a different level. The communication she has with her guest __9__ the emotions she shows to them are __10__ (amaze)，” says the manager.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个辛苦工作养家的女服务员收到一笔丰厚小费的故事。
1．答案：generosity
解析：考查词性转换。设空处应用名词作主语。generosity意为“慷慨”，是不可数名词。故填generosity。
2．答案：had served
解析：考查动词的时态。serve发生在drove之前，表示过去的过去，应用过去完成时。故填had served。
3．答案：an
解析：考查冠词。envelope意为“信封”，是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且envelope的发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。
4．答案：as
解析：考查介词。句意：当我打开它时，我惊讶地发现里面有很多钱。固定句型it comes as a surprise that ... 意为“令人惊讶的是……”。故填as。
5．答案：possibly
解析：考查词性转换。设空处在句中作状语，修饰was，应用副词。故填possibly。
6．答案：making
解析：考查非谓语动词。make和前面整个句子是逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词作结果状语。故填making。
7．答案：to buy
解析：考查非谓语动词。allow sb to do sth为固定短语，意为“允许某人做某事”，设空处应用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to buy。
8．答案：where
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为activity，从句中缺地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
9．答案：and
解析：考查连词。前后两句为并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。
10．答案：amazing
解析：考查词性转换。are为系动词，设空处应用形容词作表语，主语指物。故填amazing。
Ⅲ 读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Almost all of my holidays were spent with my grandpa. My grandpa was a retired army officer and the years in the army had made him a very tough person, which helped him a lot in fighting with cancer for a long time. Silver and golden stars on his shoulders and medals on his chest in grandma's old photo albums reflected the marks of his distinguished service and numerous adventures. Grandpa had fine qualities and was a real personality. He was strict with his family, me included, as well as himself.
In our ancestral house there was a big pond as was common in bygone Bengali homes with lots of trees and bushes. Both my grandparents were fond of our so called garden. One morning our new neighbor saw my grandpa planting two trees on both sides of our main gate, which still stand tall today. Across the street our new neighbor also got the same kind of tree and planted the trees exactly on both sides of his gate too.
My grandpa didn't often give enough amount of water to his plants and didn't always give his full attention to them, while our neighbor gave a lot of water to his plants and looked after them too well. My grandpa's plants were simple but looked good. But our neighbor's plants were much fuller and greener.
Normally, during April and May, we have short but violent thunderstorms called “Kalboishakhi”. One late evening during a Kalboishakhi we had showers with strong winds, which continued right throughout that night. Next morning along with my grandparents I came out to inspect the damage to our garden. I saw our neighbor was there in his garden too, but looked upset as his plants were uprooted. But, our plants were not damaged and were standing firm on the ground.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Seeing this, our neighbor was surprised and curious. Grandpa's explanations not only convinced the neighbor, but made me realize something.
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者的爷爷不常给自己的植物浇足量的水，而邻居则对他们的植物关怀备至。在一次暴雨后，邻居的树被连根拔起，但作者爷爷的植物仍安然无恙，这是为什么？作者从中感悟到了什么？
[精彩范文]
Seeing this, our neighbor was surprised and curious. He came up to my grandpa and asked with a touch of embarrassment, “How is this possible I actually looked after my plants better.” My grandpa had his signature smile on and replied, “What you did spared the plants the need to work themselves hard for anything. I gave them just certain water and let their roots do the rest to search for more. And their roots went deeper, which made their position stronger. That is why they survived.”
Grandpa's explanations not only convinced the neighbor, but made me realize something. My grandpa was strict with me on many occasions with his dos and don'ts, and that drove me to be independent and work hard for what I wanted, which, however, I'd rarely noticed. I became aware that anything easily got can go away much more easily. Still after a rainy night when the sun is clear and bright the next morning it reminds me of my grandpa's words. The guidance has taken root in my mind and influences me all the way.
15(共68张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
Unit 6 Nature in words
Period Ⅱ Using language—Grammar & Integrated skills
课前自主预习
精讲课时语法
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
课堂效果检测
3
课后课时作业
4
Grammar (动词不定式复习(2)——作定语、状语、补语)
课前自主预习
①You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday.
②She is often heard to sing this song (by us)．
③Do you have anything to do tonight
④There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
⑤You couldn't do that to save your life.
⑥I worked hard, only to fail at last.
⑦She invited me to have dinner with her yesterday.
(1)①⑤⑥句中的动词不定式在句中作______，分别表示______，_______，________。
(2)②⑦句中的动词不定式在句中作______，其中②句中的动词不定式位于感官动词后，用于被动语态不能省略____。
(3)③④句中的动词不定式在句中作_______，其中④句中的动词不定式表示_______发生的动作。
状语
原因
目的
结果
补语
to
定语
将要
精讲课时语法
一、动词不定式作定语
1.作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。
The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.
布朗一家有舒适的房子可住。
2．当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较：
Have you got anything to send
你有什么东西要寄吗？(不定式to send的动作执行者是“你”)
Have you got anything to be sent
你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗？(不定式to be sent的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”)
3．用不定式作定语的几种情况：
(1)不定式表示将来
The car to be bought is for his sister.
要买的这辆车是给他姐姐的。
(2)用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词。
He was the best man to do the job.
他是做这项工作的最佳人选。
She was the first person to think of the idea.
她是第一个想到这个主意的人。
(3)用来修饰的词是抽象名词时用不定式，常见的有ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time等。
Do you have the ability to read and write in English
你具备英语读写的能力吗？
I have no chance to go sightseeing.
我没有机会外出观光。
4．不定式的一般被动式(to be done)、过去分词(done)、现在分词的一般被动式(being done)作定语时的区别：
不定式的一般被动式表示将来的被动动作；过去分词表示被动或完成的动作；现在分词的一般被动式表示被动、进行的动作。
The question to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting is a very important one.
明天将要在会上讨论的这个问题非常重要。
Have you read the novel written by Dickens
你读过狄更斯写的小说吗？
Listen！The song being sung is very popular with the students.
听！现在正唱着的这首歌在学生中非常流行。
(1)单句语法填空
①The building __________ (build) next year will be a new school.
②The building __________ (build) now will be a new school.
③The building ______ (build) last year is a new school now.
to be built
being built
built
(2)单句表达
①有很多工作要做。
There is a lot of work ______．
②他是最不可依靠的人。
He is the last person ____________．
③要买的那本书已经被他人买走了。
The book ____________ has already been bought by another person.
④该开始春播了。
It is already time _______ spring sowing.
to do
to depend on
to be bought
to start
二、动词不定式作状语
1．目的状语：to do, in order to do和so as to do, 其中so as to do 不能用于句首。
To avoid any delay please phone your order directly.
为避免延误，请直接打电话预订。
In order to find hard evidence, he searched the whole house.
为了找到有力的证据，他搜查了整个房子。
I'll write down his telephone number so as not to forget it.
我要把他的电话号码写下来，以免忘记。
2．原因状语：跟在某些表示心理变化的形容词后面，如：glad, surprised, amazed, delighted 等。
We were surprised to find everything changed.
发现一切都变了，我们很惊讶。
3．结果状语：可以表示出乎意料的结果，这时其前有时用逗号隔开或加副词only；也可以用于too ... to ... “太……而不能……”， ... enough to ... “足够……”和so/such ... as to ... “如此……以至于……”句型中。
I hurried to Professor Wang's house, only to find he was out.
我匆忙地赶到王教授的家，可是却发现他出去了。
He was so tired as to be unable to walk.
他累得走不动了。
名师点津
动词不定式在作表语或补语的形容词后面作状语时，常用主动形式表示被动含义，常见的此类形容词有 easy, hard, difficult, pleasant, interesting, comfortable, safe, dangerous, impossible, fit 等，该类形容词说明的是不定式的性质。
The poem is not easy to translate.
这首诗翻译起来难。
The music is pleasant to listen to.
这音乐听起来悦耳。
(1)单句语法填空
①He looked out of the window _______ (find) the world outside greatly changed.
②I'm surprised ______ (see) that she has gone.
③The water is not fit ________ (drink), so hold out until we get to a shop.
to find
to see
to drink
(2)单句表达
①他轻轻进来，以免把他的妻子吵醒。
He came in quietly ___________________________ his wife.
②为了在天黑前到达，我们很早就动身了。
________________________ before dark, we started early.
so as not to/in order not to wake
In order to arrive/To arrive
三、动词不定式作补语
1．一般情况下，不定式作宾补常指动作是将来发生的，常构成“谓语动词＋宾语＋to do”结构。
The children asked their parents to take them to the park.
孩子们要求父母带他们去公园。
2．感官动词，如see, watch, look at, observe, notice, hear, listen to, feel及部分表示“使”“让”的使役动词，如have, make, let跟不定式作宾补时要省略不定式符号to。但在被动语态中to要加上。
Though he had often made his sister cry, today he was made to cry by his sister.
尽管他总是弄哭他妹妹，但今天却被他妹妹弄哭了。
名师点津
(1)感官动词后跟分词和动词不定式作宾补的区别：如果感官动词后的宾语和非谓语动词之间是主动关系或表示正在进行的动作或动作的一个片段，则用现在分词；是主动关系又表示全过程时，则用省略to的动词不定式；如果是被动关系，且动作已经完成，则用过去分词。
(2)使役动词leave, have, get可跟三种非谓语动词形式作补语，但意义不同。
Suddenly he heard someone knocking gently on the window.
忽然他听见有人在轻轻地敲窗户。
The police observed a man enter the bank.
警察注意到一个男人走进了银行。
When they got there, they saw the house completely burnt down.
当他们到那里时，看到房子已全部被烧毁。
(1)判断下列句子中补语表示的意义
a．主动 b．被动 c．完成 d．将来
①The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn’t taste delicious._____
②He left, leaving me to do all the rest work._____
③We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled._____
④I'll have/get my bike repaired tomorrow.____
⑤Mr Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday._____
⑥He got me to make a promise that I would keep my word._____
bc
ad
bd
b
bc
ad
(2)单句语法填空
①I asked him _______ (buy) a torch when he came here.
②What caused him _________ (change) his mind
③The farmer had his house __________ (destroy) in the storm.
④You'd better speak louder in order to make yourself _______ (hear).
⑤She was found ________ (read) at the school gate this morning.
to buy
to change
destroyed
heard
reading
(3)单句表达
①昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。
I _____________ in the garden yesterday.
②昨天我看见他正在花园里干活。
I ________________ in the garden yesterday.
③昨天我看见他受到了他父母的惩罚。
I ________________ by his parents yesterday.
④这个男孩被他的母亲强迫去上学。
The boy was made ______________ by his mother.
saw him work
saw him working
saw him punished
to go to school
Vocabulary
1 fade v. 逐渐消失；褪色(教材P87)
归纳 拓展
①In the United States, friends can be close, constant, intense, generous, and real, yet fade away in a short time if circumstances change.
在美国，朋友之间的关系可能是亲密的、长久不变的、热烈的、慷慨的且真诚的，可是如果环境改变了，这种友情可能很快就会消逝。
②The closing music fades out when the hero rides off into the sunset.
当男主角策马向夕阳驰去时，尾声音乐逐渐消失。
③The truck pulled away, and she listened to the rattling noises fade down the lane.
卡车驶离了，她听着那辘辘声在小巷里逐渐远去。
(1)单句语法填空
①The sound of the motorboat faded ______ in the distance.
②As evening came, the coastline faded _____ darkness.
(2)单句表达
①达成协议的希望似乎正在逐渐渺茫。
Hopes of reaching an agreement seem to be ____________．
②太阳出来了，烟雾渐渐消失了。
The smoke and fog _________ as the sun appeared.
away
into
fading away
faded out
2 sweep v. 吹过，掠过(教材P87)
归纳 拓展
①The aeroplane swept past the sky, leaving a long white line behind.
飞机掠过苍穹，留下一条长长的白线。
②In China, people believe fire can sweep away bad luck, so, red means good luck.
在中国，人们觉得火能扫除坏运气，所以红色意味着好运。
③Seasonal influenza spreads easily and can sweep through schools, nursing homes or businesses and towns.
季节性流感很容易传播，可席卷学校、疗养院或企业和城镇。
④After class we were asked to sweep up the dead leaves in the schoolyard.
下课后我们被要求把校园里的枯叶打扫干净。
用sweep相关短语的适当形式填空
①She was left to __________ after the party.
②A cold wind _____________ the north last month.
③Cold wind ____________ the treeless plain.
sweep up
swept through
sweeps over
课堂效果检测
Ⅰ.根据语境及首字母提示完成句子
1．Her enthusiasm for early－morning exercises f____ as the weather was getting colder and colder.
2．The region produces over 50% of the country's w_____．
3．Most roses will begin to b______； from late May.
4．Her gaze s_______ rapidly around the classroom.
5．She p_____ the boxes one on top of the other in her study and went out.
aded
heat
loom
weeps
iled
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I understand that you often use the example of the gymnast Sang Lan ________ (show) how people can find happiness even during times of a personal catastrophe.
2．She asked me ________ (help) her with her English.
3．________ (catch) the train, he got up early.
4．The painting depicted a group of peasants ________ (reap) a harvest of fruits and vegetables.
to show
to help
To catch
reaping
5．He must work very hard in order __________ (support) his large family.
6．I ran all the way to the post office, only _______ (find) that it had closed.
7．His first book ______________ (publish) next month is based on a true story.
8．If one idles away his time, youth will fade ______ and life will run out of him.
9．The boys said they would sweep _____ the leaves.
10．The father allowed his son ________ (travel) abroad alone.
to support
to find
to be published
away
up
to travel
Ⅲ.单句表达
1．病毒可以在很短的时间内席卷整个人群。
The virus can ______________ whole populations in a very short time.
2．我们吃饭是为了活着，而不是活着为了吃饭。
We eat ________ rather than live ________．
3．在这个问题上我没有什么要说的。
I have ______________ on this question.
4．他太年轻了，不能理解所有的一切。
He is ______________________ all that.
sweep through
to live
to eat
nothing to say
too young to understand
5．她在生命的最后几个星期已是油尽灯枯了。
In the last weeks of her life she simply ____________．
6．妈妈打开窗户让一些新鲜空气进来。
Mom opened the window ____________________．
7．年底总是积压一大堆工作。
Work always _________ at the end of the year.
8．我父亲每天让我弹两个小时的钢琴。
I was made ________________ for two hours every day by my father.
faded away
to let some fresh air in
piles up
to play the piano
9．计算机将给予学生们按照自己的速度学习的机会。
The computer will give students ______________________ at their own pace.
10．下一列到站的火车来自北京。
_____________________ is from Beijing.
the opportunity to learn
The next train to arrive
课后课时作业
Ⅰ 完形填空
I'd planned to spend my weekend in the sun, enjoying flowers outdoors. But that was __1__ the pair of disgusting crows (乌鸦) arrived. Out of nowhere, they had set up their base __2__ in our backyard.
We first __3__ our feathered enemies on Friday morning. It was early, and the sound the birds made __4__ through our neighborhood. I figured they'd __5__ soon. But, no. They were getting louder and probably __6__ my neighbors nearly as much as us with the noise. I admit I got a little __7__．
Then, on Sunday afternoon, I saw our dog Quatchi staring at something on the ground. I went to __8__ and found a small coal black bird in the grass. Its eyes were milky, and it stayed perfectly __9__ as my dog walked towards it. Only when Quatchi __10__ his nose to its head did it walk away. I __11__ the dog inside and came back with my camera.
It never occurred to me that the young would be hanging out on the ground, growing and gaining __12__ as its parents guarded it from above. The second I saw this little creature I __13__ the crows.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者对在后院安家的乌鸦从讨厌到怜爱的过程，也告诉我们对待小动物要一视同仁。
To be honest, I've never been much of a bird person. And I wish they'd chosen another backyard. But I'm also __14__ that I got to see this little bit of nature unfold up close. It's pretty amazing.
The experience has also __15__ my desire to create a beautiful backyard garden that attracts lots of bees, butterflies, and yes, birds. They are welcome here.
1．A.after B．when
C．until D．before
解析：句意：但那是在那对恶心的乌鸦到来之前。根据上文“I'd planned ... flowers outdoors.”可知，作者在乌鸦来之前，心情极好。故选D。
2．A.organization B．camp
C．business D．trap
解析：根据下文可知，乌鸦在他们家的后院定居下来，即建立了大本营。base camp意为“大本营”。故选B。
3．A.accepted B．drove
C．discovered D．invited
解析：句意：我们第一次发现有羽毛的敌人是在星期五早上。根据语境可知，此处是指作者第一次发现乌鸦。故选C。
4．A.traveled B．flew
C．ran D．flowed
解析：根据下文“They were getting ... with the noise.”可知，乌鸦的叫声很大，穿越街区， travel through为固定搭配，意为“穿越，穿过”。故选A。
5．A.sing B．fight
C．fall down D．quiet down
解析：根据下文“But, no. They were getting louder”可知，作者认为它们会安静下来。故选D。
6．A.attracting B．annoying
C．frightening D．amusing
解析：根据上文“It was early ... through our neighborhood.”可知，在很早的时候，乌鸦的叫声，会让人恼火。故选B。
7．A.excited B．amazed
C．curious D．desperate
解析：根据上下文的语境可知，在早上听到乌鸦那么大的叫声，很是恼火，却又无可奈何，有点绝望。故选D。
8．A.prevent B．defend
C．explore D．assist
解析：根据上文“I saw our dog ... on the ground”可知，作者看到他们的狗Quatchi盯着地上的东西。出于好奇，作者也去一探究竟。故选C。
9．A.cold B．enthusiastic
C．still D．friendly
解析：根据下文“Only when ... it walk away.”可知，在狗走近它之前，它一动不动。故选C。
10．A.touched B．threw
C．pointed D．connected
解析：根据常识及语境可知，此处是指狗用鼻子碰触它。故选A。
11．A.awarded B．locked
C．praised D．fed
解析：根据上文描述狗用鼻子碰触了小乌鸦可推知，作者担心小乌鸦的处境，怕狗伤害它而把狗锁起来。故选B。
12．A.strength B．pity
C．advantage D．freedom
解析：strength 力气；pity 怜悯；advantage 优势；freedom 自由。此处是指小乌鸦长大，有了力气。故选A。
13．A.hated B．respected
C．admired D．forgave
解析：根据上文可知，乌鸦来到作者的后院安了家，吵到了他们，但作者看到这只小乌鸦就宽恕了它们。故选D。
14．A.pitiful B．grateful
C．painful D．careful
解析：根据上文“To be honest ... a bird person.”可知，作者从来都不是一个喜欢鸟的人。but表示转折，表明作者因为小乌鸦的可爱，而感激大自然能让作者近距离观察到它。故选B。
15．A.discouraged B．ensured
C．strengthened D．proved
解析：discourage 阻止；ensure 确保；strengthen 增强；prove 证明。根据语境可知，此处是指看见小乌鸦的经历让作者增强了建立一个美丽花园的愿望。故选C。
Ⅱ 语法填空
A waitress at a New Jersey Mop was so lucky that she received a very generous tip last week. The __1__ (generous) drove the hard working mom of two kids to tears, who __2__ (serve) meals to a group of 12 persons at a party.
“At the end of the party, they gave me __3__ envelope. When I opened it up, it came __4__ a surprise that there was a lot of money. I thought what they did was __5__ (possible) a mistake. But they said, ‘No, that's for you.’” Alice recalled.
It is 1，200 dollar tip, __6__ (make) Alice shocked. Alice, a waitress in IHop, who has been working there in the past three years, says the generous tip will allow her __7__ (buy) some gifts for her two daughters during the holiday season. “It means a lot, especially when you work day to day，” Alice adds.
Those generous men were participating in an annual nationwide activity __8__ customers always leave huge tips for deserving waiters and waitresses. “She's at a different level. The communication she has with her guest __9__ the emotions she shows to them are __10__ (amaze)，” says the manager.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个辛苦工作养家的女服务员收到一笔丰厚小费的故事。
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5．________
6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9．________ 10.________
1．答案：generosity
解析：考查词性转换。设空处应用名词作主语。generosity意为“慷慨”，是不可数名词。故填generosity。
2．答案：had served
解析：考查动词的时态。serve发生在drove之前，表示过去的过去，应用过去完成时。故填had served。
3．答案：an
解析：考查冠词。envelope意为“信封”，是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且envelope的发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。
4．答案：as
解析：考查介词。句意：当我打开它时，我惊讶地发现里面有很多钱。固定句型it comes as a surprise that ... 意为“令人惊讶的是……”。故填as。
5．答案：possibly
解析：考查词性转换。设空处在句中作状语，修饰was，应用副词。故填possibly。
6．答案：making
解析：考查非谓语动词。make和前面整个句子是逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词作结果状语。故填making。
7．答案：to buy
解析：考查非谓语动词。allow sb to do sth为固定短语，意为“允许某人做某事”，设空处应用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to buy。
8．答案：where
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为activity，从句中缺地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
9．答案：and
解析：考查连词。前后两句为并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。
10．答案：amazing
解析：考查词性转换。are为系动词，设空处应用形容词作表语，主语指物。故填amazing。
Ⅲ 读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Almost all of my holidays were spent with my grandpa. My grandpa was a retired army officer and the years in the army had made him a very tough person, which helped him a lot in fighting with cancer for a long time. Silver and golden stars on his shoulders and medals on his chest in grandma's old photo albums reflected the marks of his distinguished service and numerous adventures. Grandpa had fine qualities and was a real personality. He was strict with his family, me included, as well as himself.
In our ancestral house there was a big pond as was common in bygone Bengali homes with lots of trees and bushes. Both my grandparents were fond of our so called garden. One morning our new neighbor saw my grandpa planting two trees on both sides of our main gate, which still stand tall today. Across the street our new neighbor also got the same kind of tree and planted the trees exactly on both sides of his gate too.
My grandpa didn't often give enough amount of water to his plants and didn't always give his full attention to them, while our neighbor gave a lot of water to his plants and looked after them too well. My grandpa's plants were simple but looked good. But our neighbor's plants were much fuller and greener.
Normally, during April and May, we have short but violent thunderstorms called “Kalboishakhi”. One late evening during a Kalboishakhi we had showers with strong winds, which continued right throughout that night. Next morning along with my grandparents I came out to inspect the damage to our garden. I saw our neighbor was there in his garden too, but looked upset as his plants were uprooted. But, our plants were not damaged and were standing firm on the ground.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Seeing this, our neighbor was surprised and curious. ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
Grandpa's explanations not only convinced the neighbor, but made me realize something. ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者的爷爷不常给自己的植物浇足量的水，而邻居则对他们的植物关怀备至。在一次暴雨后，邻居的树被连根拔起，但作者爷爷的植物仍安然无恙，这是为什么？作者从中感悟到了什么？
[精彩范文]
Seeing this, our neighbor was surprised and curious. He came up to my grandpa and asked with a touch of embarrassment, “How is this possible I actually looked after my plants better.” My grandpa had his signature smile on and replied, “What you did spared the plants the need to work themselves hard for anything. I gave them just certain water and let their roots do the rest to search for more. And their roots went deeper, which made their position stronger. That is why they survived.”
Grandpa's explanations not only convinced the neighbor, but made me realize something. My grandpa was strict with me on many occasions with his dos and don'ts, and that drove me to be independent and work hard for what I wanted, which, however, I'd rarely noticed. I became aware that anything easily got can go away much more easily. Still after a rainy night when the sun is clear and bright the next morning it reminds me of my grandpa's words. The guidance has taken root in my mind and influences me all the way.
