英语 选择性必修 第四册[WY]
Section Ⅱ Using language—Grammar & Integrated skills
Grammar 状语从句(复习)
①We'll start our project if the president agrees.
②I'll give you an answer immediately I've finished reading the report.
③The head of the company promised to deal with matters of this sort the moment he returned to his office.
④Poor as he was, he was honest.
(1)①～④句中黑体部分作________。
(2)①句中的________状语从句用____________代替一般将来时。
(3)②句用________引导时间状语从句；③句用____________引导时间状语从句。
(4)④句中的________状语从句使用了________语序。
答案：(1)状语 (2)条件 一般现在时 (3)副词 名词性短语 (4)让步 倒装
状语从句在句中作状语，与副词的作用相同，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等；状语从句放在主句之前时，常用逗号与主句隔开；按其意义和作用一般可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、方式状语从句和比较状语从句。
(一)时间状语从句
1．when, while, as的用法
用法 例句
when 从句动作与主句动作同时或早于主句动作发生；可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和非延续性动词连用 It was the middle of the night when my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game. 当我的父亲把我叫醒并告诉我看足球赛的时候，那时是半夜。
while 主句动作发生在while从句所指的整个时间内，只能和延续性动词连用，可以用when代替，但when的其他用法，while则无法代替 They rushed in while we were discussing problems. 当我们正在讨论问题时，他们冲了进来。
as 主从句动作同时发生 He sat watching her as she got ready. 他一直坐着看她准备好。
2.表示“一……就……”的常用表达
有immediately, directly, instantly, as soon as, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner ... than ... , hardly/scarcely ... when ... 和once。
My mom didn't wait a moment, but came immediately she received my call.
我妈妈未等片刻，而是一接到我的电话就立刻来了。
He had hardly got home when he began to prepare supper.
他一到家就开始准备晚饭。
3．before与since的用法
(1)before意为“在……之前”，从句谓语动词发生的动作晚于主句中谓语动词表示的动作。常用句型：
It will be＋一段时间＋before ... “要过……才……”
It won't be long before ... “不久……就……”
It was＋一段时间＋before ... “过了……才……”
It will be one year before I graduate from the high－school.
一年后我才高中毕业。
It was several years before I realized that David had lied to me.
几年之后我才意识到大卫对我撒谎了。
(2)since意为“自从……”，从句常用一般过去时，主句常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。亦可用于以下常用句型：
It has been ＋一段时间＋since ... “自从……已经……”
As is reported, it has been more than 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded.
据报道，自从清华大学成立已经有100多年了。
4．till/until和not ... until的用法
(1)till/until表示“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”，此时主句谓语动词是延续性动词，主、从句都为肯定式，两者可以换用，但till不可置于句首。
Have you heard the meeting will be put off till/until next Tuesday
这个会议将被推迟到下周二，你有没有听说？
(2)not ... until表示“某动作直到某时间才开始”，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式。
I won't tell the student the answer to the math problem until he has been working on it for more than an hour.
直到这个学生做这道数学题用了一个多小时的时间，我才会告诉他答案。
5．表示时间的名词性短语
如：the first/second time, each/every time等。
He scored the first time he touched the ball.
他第一次击球就得了分。
(1)单句语法填空
①The staff is friendly and helpful, providing you with a map of the city ________ you arrive, and offering advice if you require some.
②It wasn't ________ 1980—32 years into his career—that he landed the role it would seem he was made for in Airplane!
③It has been three years ________ I smoked.
答案：①when ②until ③since
(2)单句表达
①不久之后，嫌疑人就会被逮捕。
______________________ the suspect will be arrested.
②我第一次来到这座城市就觉得它很漂亮、很干净。
I thought it is beautiful and clean ________________________．
③铃声一响，男孩们就冲了出去。
____________________________， the boys rushed out.
答案：①It won't be long before ②the first time I came to the city ③Immediately the bell rang
(二)地点状语从句
通常由连词where和wherever引导，从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。
A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
很多高楼在以前只有废墟的地方拔地而起。
Where/Wherever there's plenty of sun and rain, the fields are green.
哪里阳光、雨水充足，哪里的田野就绿油油。
(三)原因状语从句
1．because引导原因状语从句，一般位于主句之后，表示原因，语气最强，可用于回答why引导的疑问句。
His friends all like him just because he is handsome and successful.
他的朋友们都喜欢他，只是因为他英俊而成功。
2．since/now that引导原因状语从句，一般位于主句之前表示已知的、显然的理由(通常被翻译成“既然”)，较为正式，语气比because弱。
Since she was indoors, she had not been wearing a coat.
由于她在室内，就没有穿外套。
3．as引导原因状语从句，表示附带说明双方已知的原因，语气比since弱，较为正式，位置灵活(常放于主句前)。
As the wage was low, there were few people applying for the position.
由于工资低，没有什么人申请这个职位。
4．in that (因为), seeing that (鉴于), considering/given that (考虑到), when (既然)也可引导原因状语从句。
Seeing that nobody was at home, I had to leave.
由于没人在家，我只好走了。
(四)条件状语从句
条件状语从句通常由if, unless (＝if ... not除非), so/as long as (只要), in case (万一), on condition that (条件是), suppose/supposing (假设，如果), provided/providing that (如果)等引导。
She says that she'll have to close the shop unless business improves.
她说如果生意还没有起色的话，她就不得不把店关掉。
You can borrow my car as long as you promise not to drive too fast.
只要你答应不开得太快，我可以把车借给你。
Suppose/Supposing (that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help
假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还可以求助谁？
(五)让步状语从句
1．由although, though, even if/though引导，意为“虽然，尽管”。
Although regular exercise is very important, it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.
尽管经常锻炼非常重要，但是在临近就寝的时候进行锻炼绝不是一个好主意。
He is so busy.He cannot afford enough time with his son even if he wants to.
他太忙了。尽管他想陪儿子，但是抽不出足够的时间。
2．由“特殊疑问词＋ ever”“no matter＋特殊疑问词”引导，两者可以互换。
One can always manage to do more things, however/no matter how full one's schedule is in life.
一个人总是能够设法做更多的事情，无论他生活中的时间安排得有多满。
3．由whether引导，常用于whether ... or ... 结构中，意为“不管……还是……”。
Whether we're successful or not, we can be sure that we did our best.
不管成功与否，我们确已尽了最大努力。
4．由as引导，从句要用倒装结构，此时把强调的内容置于句首，主谓不用倒装。though引导时可用倒装结构，也可不用倒装结构。作表语的单数可数名词前如有冠词，倒装后冠词需要省略。
Intelligent as you are, I suspect you will fail.
尽管你聪明，我猜想你会失败。
Little boy though/as he is, he can help his mom a lot.
＝Though/Although he is a little boy, he can help his mom a lot.
虽然他是一个小男孩，但他能帮妈妈很多忙。
(1)单句语法填空
①________ (give) that he's only sixteen year old, he is not fit for the job.
②________ she had made a terrible mistake, the teacher punished her.
③________ there is a way, there is a will.
答案：①Given ②Because ③Where
(2)单句表达
①不管你多大年龄，你都可以通过这个方案减轻体重。
________________________， you can lose weight by following this programme.
②如果天气恶劣，我们就会推迟旅行。
______________________， we will delay our journey.
答案：①No matter what your age is ②If the weather is bad
(六)目的状语从句
1．in order that和so that都意为“为了……，以便……”，它们引导的状语从句中常用情态动词；前者引导的从句可放在主句之前或之后，后者引导的从句只能置于主句之后。
In order that every student might understand it, the teacher explained that passage again and again.
为了使每个学生都明白，老师反复讲解那一段。
When he goes out, he often wears sunglasses in order that/so that nobody/no one can recognize him.
他出门的时候常戴着墨镜，以便没人能认出他。
2．for fear that, in case (that)引导目的状语从句，意为“以免，以防”。
The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him.
那个男孩藏在树后面，以防他父亲看到他。
(七)结果状语从句
1．so that引导结果状语从句，有时会用逗号与主句隔开。
They brought her meat so that she never went hungry.
他们给她带来了肉，这样她就再也不用挨饿了。
2．so ... that引导结果状语从句常用结构
He earned so little money that he couldn't support his family.
他挣这么少的钱，以至于养不起家。
3．such ... that引导结果状语从句常用结构
It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.
天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去公园。
当so或such所在的主句主语与结果状语从句中的主语一致时，还可转化为：so/such ... as to ...。 He was so clever a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems. ＝He was so clever a student as to be able to work out all the difficult problems. 他是一名如此聪明的学生，以至于他能够解决所有难题。
(八)方式状语从句
方式状语从句通常由as, as if/though等引导，常位于主句之后。其中as if/though引导的从句常用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。
Why didn't you catch the last bus as I told you to
你为什么没有按我说的去赶末班车？
The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.
这位老太太对待这个男孩就像他是她自己的儿子似的。
(九)比较状语从句
常由as ... as ... (像……一样……)，not so/as ... as ... (不如……那样……), than(比)等引导。
The work is not so difficult as you imagine.
这工作不像你想象的那么困难。
You look younger than you are.
你看起来比你实际上要年轻。
比较状语从句的谓语动词如果与主句的谓语动词一致，且为行为动词时，常用do(does，did)代替，以免重复。 We have produced more coal this year than we did last year. 我们今年生产的煤要比去年生产的多。
(1)单句语法填空
①The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so ________ he could sign them.
②When in an awkward atmosphere, do ________ the others do.
答案：①that ②as
(2)单句表达
①她与她姐姐一样聪明。
She is ______________ her sister.
②这是一个很好的机会，我们不能错过它。
It's ____________________ we must not miss it.
③我们都早点起床，以便我们可以七点钟出发。
We all get up early ________________________________．
答案：①as smart as ②such a good chance/so good a chance that ③so that/in order that we can start at seven
(十)状语从句的省略
在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同或从句的主语是it，且从句的谓语又含有be的某种形式时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，从而构成 “从属连词＋现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/名词/介词短语”结构。
While (I was) passing by the supermarket, I met my friend.
路过超市时，我遇见了我的朋友。
He is a good man, though sometimes (he is) rather dull.
他是个好人，尽管有时很愚钝。
If (it is) possible, please look up the word in the dictionary.
如果可能的话，请在词典里查阅那个单词。
单句表达
①当冰受热时，它就会变成水。
____________________， ice will be changed into water.
②波涛冲击着岩石，好像发怒一般。
The waves dashed on the rocks ________________________．
③如果有必要的话，我们会买一辆新车。
________________， we will buy a new car.
④还是个孩子时，她就开始学习弹钢琴。
________________， she began to learn to play the piano.
答案：①When (ice is) heated ②as if (they were) in anger ③If (it is) necessary ④As (she was) a child
Ⅰ.根据语境及首字母提示完成句子
1．Harry will take charge of the d________ while I'm away.
答案：department
2．The library attracts thousands of s________ and researchers.
答案：scholars
3．A f________ change in the organization of health services was required.
答案：fundamental
4．He graduated from a medical research i________ five years ago and has been working as a doctor since then.
答案：institute
5．Scientists are claiming a major b________ in the fight against cancer.
答案：breakthrough
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Both say they want to write literary books that are ________ (access) to a general audience.
答案：accessible
2．Convenient ________ they are, these apps present problems to both parents and teachers.
答案：as/though
3．________ the whole, I'm in favour of the idea.
答案：On
4．Any measure of an ad's performance is entirely pointless ________ it could be viewed by a person.
答案：unless
5．She took medicine on time in order ________ she might get well soon.
答案：that
6．Children should be instructed to put things ________ they belong in their early childhood.
答案：where
7．The bell rang ________ I could look over my answer.
答案：before
8．In addition to ________ (connect) peers, cell phones connect children and parents.
答案：connecting
9．________ you are unable to answer, perhaps we should ask someone else.
答案：Since
10．When ________ (live) in London, I picked up English.
答案：living
Ⅲ.单句表达
1．春天来了，白天就更长了。
The days get longer ____________________．
答案：when spring comes
2．我只做那些让我感兴趣的工作，即使这意味着要少赚很多钱。
I only take on work that excites me ________________ it means turning down lots of money.
答案：even though/if
3．记叙文讲述的是发生在当前或过去事情的经过。
To narrate is to __________________ what happened or is happening.
答案：give an account of
4．水平如镜。
The water was ________________.
答案：as smooth as glass
5．我学习意大利语，这样我就能读懂但丁的原著。
I study Italian ____________________ I would be able to read Dante in the original.
答案：so that/in order that
6．这证明，只要我们有坚强的意志，我们将能够克服任何困难。
This proves that ____________ we have a strong will, we'll be able to get over any difficulty.
答案：as long as
7．他看上去好像要微笑。
He looked __________________________.
答案：as if he was going to smile
8．所有的通信系统，包括语言，都有一些共同的特征。
All communication systems, language included, ________________________________．
答案：have certain features in common
9．必要时，你可以与老师交流。
You can communicate with your teacher ________________．
答案：when (it is) necessary
10．当今的中国，越来越多的人对优秀影视剧开始表现出极大兴趣。
More and more Chinese are starting to ________________ excellent movies and TV shows.
答案：show great interest in
较易题(占比25%) 中档题(占比75%) 拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
A B
难度 ★ ★★ ★★ ★★
Ⅰ 阅读
A
Some China Podcasts (播客) to Listen to
Whether you're an old timer or a newcomer to China, there's always more to learn about this awesome country. To help in your never ending thirst for knowledge, we've rounded up some most entertaining China focused podcasts that hit on everything from history to business.
Tech Buzz China by Pandaily
Tech Buzz China by Pandaily is a technology podcast about China's innovations. It's co hosted by Rui Ma and Ying Lu, who are both seasoned China watchers with years of experience working in the technology space in the country. They share and discuss the most important tech news from China every week.
The China History Podcast
Started in 2010, Laszlo Montgomery presents topics that cover 5，000 years of Chinese history and culture. The show has a lot of unknown and interesting history lessons that help provide more color as to why China is the way it is. Topics like the history of Tang poetry, or the Hokkien people are analyzed and explored.
China Untold
The China Untold podcast is a program that aims to introduce listeners to lesser known stories from the Middle Kingdom. From urban tales and extinct religions to China's role in the exploration of space, this podcast hosted by Matt Bossons, is your essential guide to the unusual and wonderful aspects of the world's most highly populated nation.
The Wasai Show
The Wasai Show is hosted by Neto Trevino from Mexico and Alice He who is a local Chinese. In each episode, stories are collected from listeners about a topic and shared in a funny way by both comedians. The first half of the show is presented in English, followed by a Chinese section.
篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些以中国为主题的最有趣的播客。
1．Who are the podcasts intended for
A．Foreigners in China.
B．Chinese historians.
C．Technology enthusiasts.
D．Podcast hosts in China.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Whether you're ... this awesome country.”并结合选项可推知，这些播客的观众是在中国的外国人。故选A。
2．Which podcast may talk about ancient poems
A．Tech Buzz China by Pandaily.
B．The China History Podcast.
C．China Untold.
D．The Wasai Show.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据The China History Podcast部分中的“Topics like the history ... analyzed and explored.(分析和探索比如唐诗的历史，或者闽南人的话题。)”可知，播客The China History Podcast会谈论古诗。故选B。
3．What do we know about The Wasai Show according to the text
A．It is a talk show about local Chinese life.
B．It has a single host discussing various topics.
C．It features two hosts sharing stories from listeners.
D．It includes interviews with experts on Chinese culture.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据The Wasai Show部分中的“In each episode ... by both comedians.”可知，播客The Wasai Show的特色是两位主持人以有趣的方式分享听众的故事。故选C。
B
For generations, people have enjoyed the simple joy of flying a kite. However, kites were not always the toys we think of today.
Kites actually started as instruments of war. The first known kites were flown in China around 3，000 years ago and were used by the Chinese military to send signals, spy on (侦察) enemies, and deliver urgent messages. Kites were also used to measure long distances. One general flew a kite above a town to measure how far his army would have to tunnel underground to go secretly under the city walls. With this information, his army were able to surprise their enemy.
The first kites were practical, not necessarily pretty. But during the Tang Dynasty, people started using lighter materials to make kites. A new focus was put on kites' appearance. By the 1300s, making kites had appeared as an art form, and kites were decorated with colorful pictures. They were flown for enjoyment and celebration of the Chinese New Year. As the years went on, kites became more complicated. Some artists added whistles so the kites could make sounds as they danced among the clouds.
Over time, the tradition of kite flying spread worldwide. It grew in popularity across Southeast Asia and North Africa first. When explorer Marco Polo returned to Italy, he brought back many stories about kites. These stories and the growing influence of Asian culture helped popularize kites across Europe. From there, knowledge of kites crossed the Atlantic with travelers heading to America.
Since then, kites have become more than just pieces of flying art. They have played a meaningful role in discoveries. Perhaps the best known use of a kite was in an experiment described by Benjamin Franklin in 1752, which eventually led Franklin to invent the lightning rod (避雷针). Another important use of kites was by the Wright brothers in the early 1900s, which helped them create the world's first successful airplane.
For hundreds of years, kites have played a significant role in human exploration and artistic expression. Even now, kites are still an important part of cultural celebrations. Despite their changing appearance and uses through the ages, kites hold a valued place in human history.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了风筝的发展以及对人类文明的意义。
4．Why was the general mentioned in Paragraph 2
A．To explain how kites were used in war.
B．To illustrate the types of kites in war.
C．To prove the wisdom of ancient Chinese people.
D．To show how ancient Chinese people dealt with the enemy.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Kites actually started as instruments of war. (风筝最初其实是作为战争工具。)”可推知，通过一个将军的作战策略具体说明风筝在战时是如何被使用的。故选A。
5．What can we say about kites during the Tang Dynasty
A．They were more practical.
B．They became lightweight.
C．They became popular around Europe.
D．They were used to predict the weather.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But during the Tang Dynasty, people started using lighter materials to make kites.”可知，到唐朝时期，风筝的重量变轻。故选B。
6．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about
A．Entertaining with kites.
B．Experimenting with kites.
C．Kite flying adventure.
D．Best known kites in history.
答案：B
解析：段落大意题。第五段主要讲了风筝在世界广泛流行后，不再仅仅是一种艺术，它们在一些发现中发挥着重要作用，之后列举了富兰克林发明避雷针和怀特兄弟发明世界上第一架飞机的例子。所以本段主要说明了风筝在实验中的运用。故选B。
7．How is the text mainly developed
A．By giving examples.
B．By describing a process.
C．By making comparisons.
D．By following time order.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。文章用大量表示时间的词汇串联起来，如“around 3，000 years ago”，“during the Tang Dynasty”， “By the 1300s”， “As the years went on”， “Over time”， “Since then”， “Even now”等。所以本文按照时间顺序介绍了风筝的发展及其用途。故选D。
Ⅱ 七选五
Important Things to Know When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. __1__. Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family—no matter where you are in the world.
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. __2__．
Hands or Utensils (餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it's considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. __3__， instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.
Making Requests
__4__. In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don't like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.
Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. __5__， the more comfortable you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
A．The more friends you make in your lifetime
B．The more time you spend in any given country
C．Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D．Don't get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E．It's a good sign for the chef it you make a mess around your plate
F．Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G．It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了外出就餐时的餐桌礼仪及注意事项。
1．答案：D
解析：上文提到不同的餐桌礼仪可能会使你吃惊，下文提到了解一些技巧将会让你享受愉快的一餐，D项(不要被别人发现你在餐厅就餐时犯令人尴尬的错误)承上启下。故选D。
2．答案：F
解析：本段主要讲述的是使用筷子的规则。F项(不要把它们笔直地插在你的食物中，也不要在使用它们时交叉放置)符合本段主旨，其中的them指代上文的chopsticks。故选F。
3．答案：C
解析：上文讲述了法国人认为吃饭时每只手里都应该拿着餐具。下文表示转折，可知，此处说明与上文做法相反。C项(墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭是不合适的)符合语境。故选C。
4．答案：G
解析：根据本段小标题Making Requests可知，本段主要讲述的是用餐时提请求的问题。下文提到在葡萄牙，这将是一个严重的错误，因为这向厨师表明你不喜欢他们的调味技巧。G项(在用餐时要求加点盐和胡椒看似是一个简单的要求)符合本段主旨，且与下文暗含转折关系。故选G。
5．答案：B
解析：根据下文“the more comfortable you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices(你就会对它的外国文化习俗感到越舒服)”可知，此处是“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构，与A、B两项中的“The more”对应。B项(你在某个国家待的时间越长)与下文构成因果关系，符合语境。故选B。
Ⅲ 应用文写作
假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Peter发来邮件，告知你他所在的学校即将举办中国传统文化展，让你推荐一种你认为最具代表性的东西去参展。请你给他回一封邮件，内容包括：
1．简要介绍推荐的东西；
2．说明推荐理由。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Peter，
Yours，
Li Hua
[精彩范文]
Dear Peter，
In your recent email, you wanted me to recommend a representative thing for the Chinese traditional culture exhibition to be held in your school. Personally, I recommend Peking Opera masks.
Peking Opera masks are a great demonstration of Peking Opera facial makeup, which is unique to stage performance of Chinese opera. The colors of Peking Opera facial makeup are based on some special figures. Specific facial makeup is put on the actors' faces to symbolize the personalities, characteristics and fates of the roles. The facial makeup is not only a symbol of the characters in the play, but a symbol of Chinese traditional culture.
Sincerely wish the exhibition a complete success!
Yours，
Li Hua
2(共74张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
Unit 3 The world meets China
Section Ⅱ Using language
—Grammar & Integrated skills
课前自主预习
精讲课时语法
课堂效果检测
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
３
课后课时作业
4
状语从句(复习)
课前自主预习
①We'll start our project if the president agrees.
②I'll give you an answer immediately I've finished reading the report.
③The head of the company promised to deal with matters of this sort the moment he returned to his office.
④Poor as he was, he was honest.
(1)①～④句中黑体部分作______。
(2)①句中的______状语从句用____________代替一般将来时。
(3)②句用______引导时间状语从句；③句用___________引导时间状语从句。
(4)④句中的______状语从句使用了______语序。
状语
条件
一般现在时
副词
名词性短语
让步
倒装
精讲课时语法
状语从句在句中作状语，与副词的作用相同，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等；状语从句放在主句之前时，常用逗号与主句隔开；按其意义和作用一般可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、方式状语从句和比较状语从句。
1．when, while, as的用法
(一)时间状语从句
用法 例句
when 从句动作与主句动作同时或早于主句动作发生；可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和非延续性动词连用 It was the middle of the night when my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.
当我的父亲把我叫醒并告诉我看足球赛的时候，那时是半夜。
while 主句动作发生在while从句所指的整个时间内，只能和延续性动词连用，可以用when代替，但when的其他用法，while则无法代替 They rushed in while we were discussing problems.
当我们正在讨论问题时，他们冲了进来。
as 主从句动作同时发生 He sat watching her as she got ready.
他一直坐着看她准备好。
2.表示“一……就……”的常用表达
有immediately, directly, instantly, as soon as, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner ... than ... , hardly/scarcely ... when ... 和once。
My mom didn't wait a moment, but came immediately she received my call.
我妈妈未等片刻，而是一接到我的电话就立刻来了。
He had hardly got home when he began to prepare supper.
他一到家就开始准备晚饭。
3．before与since的用法
(1)before意为“在……之前”，从句谓语动词发生的动作晚于主句中谓语动词表示的动作。常用句型：
It will be＋一段时间＋before ... “要过……才……”
It won't be long before ... “不久……就……”
It was＋一段时间＋before ... “过了……才……”
It will be one year before I graduate from the high－school.
一年后我才高中毕业。
It was several years before I realized that David had lied to me.
几年之后我才意识到大卫对我撒谎了。
(2)since意为“自从……”，从句常用一般过去时，主句常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。亦可用于以下常用句型：
It has been ＋一段时间＋since ... “自从……已经……”
As is reported, it has been more than 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded.
据报道，自从清华大学成立已经有100多年了。
4．till/until和not ... until的用法
(1)till/until表示“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”，此时主句谓语动词是延续性动词，主、从句都为肯定式，两者可以换用，但till不可置于句首。
Have you heard the meeting will be put off till/until next Tuesday
这个会议将被推迟到下周二，你有没有听说？
(2)not ... until表示“某动作直到某时间才开始”，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式。
I won't tell the student the answer to the math problem until he has been working on it for more than an hour.
直到这个学生做这道数学题用了一个多小时的时间，我才会告诉他答案。
5．表示时间的名词性短语
如：the first/second time, each/every time等。
He scored the first time he touched the ball.
他第一次击球就得了分。
(1)单句语法填空
①The staff is friendly and helpful, providing you with a map of the city ______ you arrive, and offering advice if you require some.
②It wasn't ______ 1980—32 years into his career—that he landed the role it would seem he was made for in Airplane!
③It has been three years _______ I smoked.
when
until
since
(2)单句表达
①不久之后，嫌疑人就会被逮捕。
_____________________ the suspect will be arrested.
②我第一次来到这座城市就觉得它很漂亮、很干净。
I thought it is beautiful and clean _________________________．
③铃声一响，男孩们就冲了出去。
______________________， the boys rushed out.
It won't be long before
the first time I came to the city
Immediately the bell rang
通常由连词where和wherever引导，从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。
A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
很多高楼在以前只有废墟的地方拔地而起。
Where/Wherever there's plenty of sun and rain, the fields are green.
哪里阳光、雨水充足，哪里的田野就绿油油。
(二)地点状语从句
1．because引导原因状语从句，一般位于主句之后，表示原因，语气最强，可用于回答why引导的疑问句。
His friends all like him just because he is handsome and successful.
他的朋友们都喜欢他，只是因为他英俊而成功。
2．since/now that引导原因状语从句，一般位于主句之前表示已知的、显然的理由(通常被翻译成“既然”)，较为正式，语气比because弱。
Since she was indoors, she had not been wearing a coat.
由于她在室内，就没有穿外套。
(三)原因状语从句
3．as引导原因状语从句，表示附带说明双方已知的原因，语气比since弱，较为正式，位置灵活(常放于主句前)。
As the wage was low, there were few people applying for the position.
由于工资低，没有什么人申请这个职位。
4．in that (因为), seeing that (鉴于), considering/given that (考虑到), when (既然)也可引导原因状语从句。
Seeing that nobody was at home, I had to leave.
由于没人在家，我只好走了。
条件状语从句通常由if, unless (＝if ... not除非), so/as long as (只要), in case (万一), on condition that (条件是), suppose/supposing (假设，如果), provided/providing that (如果)等引导。
She says that she'll have to close the shop unless business improves.
她说如果生意还没有起色的话，她就不得不把店关掉。
You can borrow my car as long as you promise not to drive too fast.
只要你答应不开得太快，我可以把车借给你。
Suppose/Supposing (that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help
假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还可以求助谁？
(四)条件状语从句
1．由although, though, even if/though引导，意为“虽然，尽管”。
Although regular exercise is very important, it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.
尽管经常锻炼非常重要，但是在临近就寝的时候进行锻炼绝不是一个好主意。
He is so busy.He cannot afford enough time with his son even if he wants to.
他太忙了。尽管他想陪儿子，但是抽不出足够的时间。
(五)让步状语从句
2．由“特殊疑问词＋ ever”“no matter＋特殊疑问词”引导，两者可以互换。
One can always manage to do more things, however/no matter how full one's schedule is in life.
一个人总是能够设法做更多的事情，无论他生活中的时间安排得有多满。
3．由whether引导，常用于whether ... or ... 结构中，意为“不管……还是……”。
Whether we're successful or not, we can be sure that we did our best.
不管成功与否，我们确已尽了最大努力。
4．由as引导，从句要用倒装结构，此时把强调的内容置于句首，主谓不用倒装。though引导时可用倒装结构，也可不用倒装结构。作表语的单数可数名词前如有冠词，倒装后冠词需要省略。
Intelligent as you are, I suspect you will fail.
尽管你聪明，我猜想你会失败。
Little boy though/as he is, he can help his mom a lot.
＝Though/Although he is a little boy, he can help his mom a lot.
虽然他是一个小男孩，但他能帮妈妈很多忙。
(1)单句语法填空
①_______ (give) that he's only sixteen year old, he is not fit for the job.
②________ she had made a terrible mistake, the teacher punished her.
③________ there is a way, there is a will.
Given
Because
Where
(2)单句表达
①不管你多大年龄，你都可以通过这个方案减轻体重。
________________________， you can lose weight by following this programme.
②如果天气恶劣，我们就会推迟旅行。
__________________， we will delay our journey.
No matter what your age is
If the weather is bad
1．in order that和so that都意为“为了……，以便……”，它们引导的状语从句中常用情态动词；前者引导的从句可放在主句之前或之后，后者引导的从句只能置于主句之后。
In order that every student might understand it, the teacher explained that passage again and again.
为了使每个学生都明白，老师反复讲解那一段。
(六)目的状语从句
When he goes out, he often wears sunglasses in order that/so that nobody/no one can recognize him.
他出门的时候常戴着墨镜，以便没人能认出他。
2．for fear that, in case (that)引导目的状语从句，意为“以免，以防”。
The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him.
那个男孩藏在树后面，以防他父亲看到他。
1．so that引导结果状语从句，有时会用逗号与主句隔开。
They brought her meat so that she never went hungry.
他们给她带来了肉，这样她就再也不用挨饿了。
2．so ... that引导结果状语从句常用结构
He earned so little money that he couldn't
support his family.
他挣这么少的钱，以至于养不起家。
(七)结果状语从句
3．such ... that引导结果状语从句常用结构
It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.
天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去公园。
当so或such所在的主句主语与结果状语从句中的主语一致时，还可转化为：so/such ... as to ...。
He was so clever a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.
＝He was so clever a student as to be able to work out all the difficult problems.
他是一名如此聪明的学生，以至于他能够解决所有难题。
方式状语从句通常由as, as if/though等引导，常位于主句之后。其中as if/though引导的从句常用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。
Why didn't you catch the last bus as I told you to
你为什么没有按我说的去赶末班车？
The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.
这位老太太对待这个男孩就像他是她自己的儿子似的。
(八)方式状语从句
常由as ... as ... (像……一样……)，not so/as ... as ... (不如……那样……), than(比)等引导。
The work is not so difficult as you imagine.
这工作不像你想象的那么困难。
You look younger than you are.
你看起来比你实际上要年轻。
(九)比较状语从句
比较状语从句的谓语动词如果与主句的谓语动词一致，且为行为动词时，常用do(does，did)代替，以免重复。
We have produced more coal this year than we did last year.
我们今年生产的煤要比去年生产的多。
(1)单句语法填空
①The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so _____ he could sign them.
②When in an awkward atmosphere, do ____ the others do.
that
as
(2)单句表达
①她与她姐姐一样聪明。
She is ___________ her sister.
②这是一个很好的机会，我们不能错过它。
It's ___________________________________ we must not miss it.
③我们都早点起床，以便我们可以七点钟出发。
We all get up early __________________________________．
as smart as
such a good chance/so good a chance that
so that/in order that we can start at seven
在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同或从句的主语是it，且从句的谓语又含有be的某种形式时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，从而构成 “从属连词＋现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/名词/介词短语”结构。
While (I was) passing by the supermarket, I met my friend.
路过超市时，我遇见了我的朋友。
He is a good man, though sometimes (he is) rather dull.
他是个好人，尽管有时很愚钝。
If (it is) possible, please look up the word in the dictionary.
如果可能的话，请在词典里查阅那个单词。
(十)状语从句的省略
单句表达
①当冰受热时，它就会变成水。
__________________， ice will be changed into water.
②波涛冲击着岩石，好像发怒一般。
The waves dashed on the rocks _____________________．
③如果有必要的话，我们会买一辆新车。
________________， we will buy a new car.
④还是个孩子时，她就开始学习弹钢琴。
_________________， she began to learn to play the piano.
When (ice is) heated
as if (they were) in anger
If (it is) necessary
As (she was) a child
课堂效果检测
Ⅰ.根据语境及首字母提示完成句子
1．Harry will take charge of the d__________ while I'm away.
2．The library attracts thousands of s_______ and researchers.
3．A f___________ change in the organization of health services was required.
4．He graduated from a medical research i________ five years ago and has been working as a doctor since then.
5．Scientists are claiming a major b___________ in the fight against cancer.
epartment
cholars
undamental
nstitute
reakthrough
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Both say they want to write literary books that are __________ (access) to a general audience.
2．Convenient _________ they are, these apps present problems to both parents and teachers.
3．____ the whole, I'm in favour of the idea.
4．Any measure of an ad's performance is entirely pointless _______ it could be viewed by a person.
5．She took medicine on time in order _____ she might get well soon.
accessible
as/though
On
unless
that
6．Children should be instructed to put things ______ they belong in their early childhood.
7．The bell rang ______ I could look over my answer.
8．In addition to __________ (connect) peers, cell phones connect children and parents.
9．______ you are unable to answer, perhaps we should ask someone else.
10．When ______ (live) in London, I picked up English.
where
before
connecting
Since
living
Ⅲ.单句表达
1．春天来了，白天就更长了。
The days get longer __________________．
2．我只做那些让我感兴趣的工作，即使这意味着要少赚很多钱。
I only take on work that excites me _____________ it means turning down lots of money.
3．记叙文讲述的是发生在当前或过去事情的经过。
To narrate is to __________________ what happened or is happening.
when spring comes
even though/if
give an account of
4．水平如镜。
The water was ________________.
5．我学习意大利语，这样我就能读懂但丁的原著。
I study Italian _________________ I would be able to read Dante in the original.
6．这证明，只要我们有坚强的意志，我们将能够克服任何困难。
This proves that __________ we have a strong will, we'll be able to get over any difficulty.
as smooth as glass
so that/in order that
as long as
7．他看上去好像要微笑。
He looked _______________________.
8．所有的通信系统，包括语言，都有一些共同的特征。
All communication systems, language included, __________________________．
9．必要时，你可以与老师交流。
You can communicate with your teacher __________________．
10．当今的中国，越来越多的人对优秀影视剧开始表现出极大兴趣。
More and more Chinese are starting to __________________ excellent movies and TV shows.
as if he was going to smile
have certain features in common
when (it is) necessary
show great interest in
课后课时作业
较易题(占比25%) 中档题(占比75%) 拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
A B
难度 ★ ★★ ★★ ★★
Ⅰ 阅读
A
Some China Podcasts (播客) to Listen to
Whether you're an old timer or a newcomer to China, there's always more to learn about this awesome country. To help in your never ending thirst for knowledge, we've rounded up some most entertaining China focused podcasts that hit on everything from history to business.
Tech Buzz China by Pandaily
Tech Buzz China by Pandaily is a technology podcast about China's innovations. It's co hosted by Rui Ma and Ying Lu, who are both seasoned China watchers with years of experience working in the technology space in the country. They share and discuss the most important tech news from China every week.
The China History Podcast
Started in 2010, Laszlo Montgomery presents topics that cover 5，000 years of Chinese history and culture. The show has a lot of unknown and interesting history lessons that help provide more color as to why China is the way it is. Topics like the history of Tang poetry, or the Hokkien people are analyzed and explored.
China Untold
The China Untold podcast is a program that aims to introduce listeners to lesser known stories from the Middle Kingdom. From urban tales and extinct religions to China's role in the exploration of space, this podcast hosted by Matt Bossons, is your essential guide to the unusual and wonderful aspects of the world's most highly populated nation.
The Wasai Show
The Wasai Show is hosted by Neto Trevino from Mexico and Alice He who is a local Chinese. In each episode, stories are collected from listeners about a topic and shared in a funny way by both comedians. The first half of the show is presented in English, followed by a Chinese section.
篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些以中国为主题的最有趣的播客。
1．Who are the podcasts intended for
A．Foreigners in China.
B．Chinese historians.
C．Technology enthusiasts.
D．Podcast hosts in China.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Whether you're ... this awesome country.”并结合选项可推知，这些播客的观众是在中国的外国人。故选A。
2．Which podcast may talk about ancient poems
A．Tech Buzz China by Pandaily.
B．The China History Podcast.
C．China Untold.
D．The Wasai Show.
解析：细节理解题。根据The China History Podcast部分中的“Topics like the history ... analyzed and explored.(分析和探索比如唐诗的历史，或者闽南人的话题。)”可知，播客The China History Podcast会谈论古诗。故选B。
3．What do we know about The Wasai Show according to the text
A．It is a talk show about local Chinese life.
B．It has a single host discussing various topics.
C．It features two hosts sharing stories from listeners.
D．It includes interviews with experts on Chinese culture.
解析：细节理解题。根据The Wasai Show部分中的“In each episode ... by both comedians.”可知，播客The Wasai Show的特色是两位主持人以有趣的方式分享听众的故事。故选C。
B
For generations, people have enjoyed the simple joy of flying
a kite. However, kites were not always the toys we think of today.
Kites actually started as instruments of war. The first known
kites were flown in China around 3，000 years ago and were used
by the Chinese military to send signals, spy on (侦察) enemies, and deliver urgent messages. Kites were also used to measure long distances. One general flew a kite above a town to measure how far his army would have to tunnel underground to go secretly under the city walls. With this information, his army were able to surprise their enemy.
The first kites were practical, not necessarily pretty. But during the Tang Dynasty, people started using lighter materials to make kites. A new focus was put on kites' appearance. By the 1300s, making kites had appeared as an art form, and kites were decorated with colorful pictures. They were flown for enjoyment and celebration of the Chinese New Year. As the years went on, kites became more complicated. Some artists added whistles so the kites could make sounds as they danced among the clouds.
Over time, the tradition of kite flying spread worldwide. It grew in popularity across Southeast Asia and North Africa first. When explorer Marco Polo returned to Italy, he brought back many stories about kites. These stories and the growing influence of Asian culture helped popularize kites across Europe. From there, knowledge of kites crossed the Atlantic with travelers heading to America.
Since then, kites have become more than just pieces of flying art. They have played a meaningful role in discoveries. Perhaps the best known use of a kite was in an experiment described by Benjamin Franklin in 1752, which eventually led Franklin to invent the lightning rod (避雷针). Another important use of kites was by the Wright brothers in the early 1900s, which helped them create the world's first successful airplane.
For hundreds of years, kites have played a significant role in human exploration and artistic expression. Even now, kites are still an important part of cultural celebrations. Despite their changing appearance and uses through the ages, kites hold a valued place in human history.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了风筝的发展以及对人类文明的意义。
4．Why was the general mentioned in Paragraph 2
A．To explain how kites were used in war.
B．To illustrate the types of kites in war.
C．To prove the wisdom of ancient Chinese people.
D．To show how ancient Chinese people dealt with the enemy.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Kites actually started as instruments of war. (风筝最初其实是作为战争工具。)”可推知，通过一个将军的作战策略具体说明风筝在战时是如何被使用的。故选A。
5．What can we say about kites during the Tang Dynasty
A．They were more practical.
B．They became lightweight.
C．They became popular around Europe.
D．They were used to predict the weather.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But during the Tang Dynasty, people started using lighter materials to make kites.”可知，到唐朝时期，风筝的重量变轻。故选B。
6．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about
A．Entertaining with kites.
B．Experimenting with kites.
C．Kite flying adventure.
D．Best known kites in history.
解析：段落大意题。第五段主要讲了风筝在世界广泛流行后，不再仅仅是一种艺术，它们在一些发现中发挥着重要作用，之后列举了富兰克林发明避雷针和怀特兄弟发明世界上第一架飞机的例子。所以本段主要说明了风筝在实验中的运用。故选B。
7．How is the text mainly developed
A．By giving examples.
B．By describing a process.
C．By making comparisons.
D．By following time order.
解析：推理判断题。文章用大量表示时间的词汇串联起来，如“around 3，000 years ago”，“during the Tang Dynasty”， “By the 1300s”， “As the years went on”， “Over time”， “Since then”， “Even now”等。所以本文按照时间顺序介绍了风筝的发展及其用途。故选D。
Ⅱ 七选五
Important Things to Know When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. __1__. Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family—no matter where you are in the world.
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. __2__．
Hands or Utensils (餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it's considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. __3__， instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.
Making Requests
__4__. In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don't like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.
Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. __5__， the more comfortable you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
A．The more friends you make in your lifetime
B．The more time you spend in any given country
C．Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D．Don't get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E．It's a good sign for the chef it you make a mess around your plate
F．Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G．It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了外出就餐时的餐桌礼仪及注意事项。
1．答案：D
解析：上文提到不同的餐桌礼仪可能会使你吃惊，下文提到了解一些技巧将会让你享受愉快的一餐，D项(不要被别人发现你在餐厅就餐时犯令人尴尬的错误)承上启下。故选D。
2．答案：F
解析：本段主要讲述的是使用筷子的规则。F项(不要把它们笔直地插在你的食物中，也不要在使用它们时交叉放置)符合本段主旨，其中的them指代上文的chopsticks。故选F。
3．答案：C
解析：上文讲述了法国人认为吃饭时每只手里都应该拿着餐具。下文表示转折，可知，此处说明与上文做法相反。C项(墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭是不合适的)符合语境。故选C。
4．答案：G
解析：根据本段小标题Making Requests可知，本段主要讲述的是用餐时提请求的问题。下文提到在葡萄牙，这将是一个严重的错误，因为这向厨师表明你不喜欢他们的调味技巧。G项(在用餐时要求加点盐和胡椒看似是一个简单的要求)符合本段主旨，且与下文暗含转折关系。故选G。
5．答案：B
解析：根据下文“the more comfortable you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices(你就会对它的外国文化习俗感到越舒服)”可知，此处是“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构，与A、B两项中的“The more”对应。B项(你在某个国家待的时间越长)与下文构成因果关系，符合语境。故选B。
Ⅲ 应用文写作
假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Peter发来邮件，告知你他所在的学校即将举办中国传统文化展，让你推荐一种你认为最具代表性的东西去参展。请你给他回一封邮件，内容包括：
1．简要介绍推荐的东西；
2．说明推荐理由。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Peter，
﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
Yours，
Li Hua
[精彩范文]
Dear Peter，
In your recent email, you wanted me to recommend a representative thing for the Chinese traditional culture exhibition to be held in your school. Personally, I recommend Peking Opera masks.
Peking Opera masks are a great demonstration of Peking Opera facial makeup, which is unique to stage performance of Chinese opera. The colors of Peking Opera facial makeup are based on some special figures. Specific facial makeup is put on the actors' faces to symbolize the personalities, characteristics and fates of the roles. The facial makeup is not only a symbol of the characters in the play, but a symbol of Chinese traditional culture.
Sincerely wish the exhibition a complete success!
Yours，
Li Hua
