英语 选择性必修 第四册[WY]
Section Ⅱ Using language—Grammar & Integrated skills
Grammar 名词性从句(复习)
①Whether it is true remains a question.
②The question is whether it is worth doing.
③It is possible that caffeine may cause birth defects in humans, too.
④She asked me whether/if I had returned the books to the library.
⑤There was no suggestion that he was doing anything illegal.
⑥My reason is that the cost will be too high.
(1)whether在①句中引导________从句；在②句中引导________从句。
(2)③句中that引导________从句，________作形式主语，that不作从句的任何成分，但通常不可省略。
(3)④句中whether与if都引导________从句。whether与if引导宾语从句时，大多数情况下可以互换。但or not前面用________；用于介词后的宾语从句用whether引导。
(4)⑤句中that引导________从句，不作从句的任何成分。
(5)⑥句中引导表语从句的that不作从句的任何成分，通常________。
答案：(1)主语 表语 (2)主语 it (3)宾语 whether (4)同位语 (5)不可省略
(一)名词性从句的连接词
名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
1．that
(1)that只起连接作用，引导名词性从句，在从句中不作任何成分，本身也没有词义。
That he is still alive is sheer luck.
他还活着全靠运气。
John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.
约翰说他星期三要去伦敦。
(2)that在引导名词性从句时，常可省略；但在以下情况中，that不宜省略。
①that引导的主语从句位于句首时，that不可省略。
②当动词后带有两个(以上)并列的宾语从句时，引导第二个(以上)从句的连词that不可省略。
③当that引导的宾语从句前有it作形式宾语时，that不可省略。
④that引导的从句作介词的宾语时，that不能省略。
⑤引导表语从句和同位语从句时，that一般不可省略。
The teacher told the students (that) they should hand in their homework the next day and that the homework must be signed by their parents.
老师告诉学生要在第二天交作业，而且作业必须由家长签名。
The fact that he has fully recovered makes me feel good.
他已痊愈，真让我高兴。
2．whether/if
(1)whether，if引导的名词性从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问句转化而来的；引导从句时，只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，意为“是否”。
(2)whether和if大部分情况可通用，但在下列情况下，只可用whether:
①whether引导主语从句并放在句首。
②引导表语从句和同位语从句。
③whether从句前有介词。
④从句后有“or not”。
⑤后接动词不定式时。
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.
月球上是否有生命是个有趣的问题。
The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test.
问题是她是否应该对这次测试有较低的评价。
Everything depends on whether we have enough money.
一切取决于我们是否有足够的钱。
选词填空(that/whether/if)
①________ the college will take in more new students this year is true.
②I'm not sure about ________ he will come.
③The students asked the question ________ the book was worth reading.
④Let me know ________ or not you can come.
⑤I don't know ________ he still lives there after so many years.
⑥Give me your promise ________ you will come to our party this evening.
⑦We are interested in ________ you will attend the meeting.
⑧He has made it clear ________ he will not give in.
答案：①That ②whether ③whether ④whether ⑤if/whether ⑥that ⑦whether ⑧that
3．疑问词who, whom, whose, what, which, where, why, when, how
疑问词引导的名词性从句由特殊疑问句转化而来。它们的特点是：
(1)疑问词保留自己原本的疑问含义。
(2)疑问词在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、定语或状语。
(3)这类疑问词引导的从句一律用陈述句语序，不能用疑问句语序。
Do you know whom they are looking for
你知道他们在找谁吗？
I don't know who did it.
我不知道这是谁做的。
选词填空(who/whom/whose/what/which/where/why/when/how)
①I have no idea ________ Mike refused an offer from Yale University; that's one of his favorite universities.
②These shoes look very good. I wonder ________ much they cost.
③________ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
④If it is ________ we need, we will buy it.
⑤The problem is ________ can be sent to replace him.
⑥A straw shows ________ way the wind blows.
⑦Have you decided ________ you are to elect as your assistant
⑧I want to know ________ notebook was left on the table in the reading room.
⑨I don't know ________ Lu Xun once lived.
答案：①why ②how ③When ④what ⑤who ⑥which ⑦whom ⑧whose ⑨where
4．疑问词＋ ever引导名词性从句的用法
whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语或表语等。在此用法中whatever, whoever等在从句中通常不含疑问意义。whatever＝anything that, whoever＝anyone who。
I will just say whatever comes into my mind.
我想到什么就说什么。
Whoever breaks the rules will be punished.
谁违反这些规则都将受到处罚。
选词填空(whatever/whichever/whoever/whomever)
①I'll give the ticket to ________ wants it.
②I don't believe in letting children do ________ they like.
③We should try our best to help ________ we love and respect.
④________ of you comes first will receive a prize.
答案：①whoever ②whatever ③whomever
④Whichever
(二)it作形式主语或形式宾语的名词性从句
1．it作形式主语的名词性从句
it作形式主语，that/whether/who/what ... 等引导主语从句时，将真正的主语从句置于句末。
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.
很显然，整个项目注定要失败。
It's a pity that you should have to leave.
真遗憾，你不得不离开。
It is not yet decided who will do that job.
还没决定谁做那项工作。
It is still unknown which team will win the match.
哪支队伍将赢得比赛还不知道。
2．it作形式宾语的名词性从句
(1)find, feel, consider, make, think, believe等动词后面的宾语从句常用it作形式宾语，后再跟宾语补足语，而将真正的宾语从句置于句末。
I think it best that you should stay here.
我认为你最好待在这里。
(2)take (认为)，put (表达)，take ... for granted (认为……理所应当)，see to (确保)等动词(短语)后常用it作形式宾语，后再跟that从句作真正的宾语。
I take it (that) he will come on time.
我认为他会准时来的。
Please see to it that no one comes in without identification.
请注意不要让没有身份证明的人进入。
(3)enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, appreciate, prefer等表示喜爱、憎恶等感情的动词后常用it作形式宾语，后再跟when/if从句作真正的宾语。
I like it when people are open and straight.
我喜欢人们开朗、坦率的性格。
I really appreciate it if you offered to help.
如果你能提供帮助，我十分感激。
I would prefer it if you would not use such a mocking tone.
如果你不用这种嘲讽的口吻，我会更喜欢。
单句表达
①你不能来参加我们的聚会真是遗憾。
______________ you cannot come to our party.
②我发现我们按时完成工作有困难。
I ____________________ we finish the work on time.
③如果你能帮助我做这件事，我会十分感激。
I ______________________ you would help me with it.
④我认为他们会支持这个提议是理所当然的。
I ____________________ they will support this proposal.
⑤会议什么时候召开还不清楚。
______________________ the conference is to take place.
答案：①It is a pity that ②find it difficult that ③would appreciate it very much if ④take it for granted that ⑤It hasn't been made clear when
Vocabulary
1 run for one's life 逃命(教材P71)
归纳拓展
①Finally, when a whole crowd of animals came rushing towards him, he turned and ran for his life.
最后，当一大群动物朝他跑去时，他转身逃命去了。
②He ran away from his home and planned to hide somewhere.
他从家里跑了出来，打算藏在什么地方。
③The dog leapt over the wall and ran after the chicken.
狗跃过那面墙，跑去追赶那只鸡。
④Once these latest rations run out, the country will again face hunger and starvation.
最后这批口粮一旦用完，国家又要面临饥荒。
⑤If they run out of certain daily necessities, Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase
what's needed.
如果他们的某些日常用品用完了，威尔逊将开车到最近的商店并购买所需的东西。
(1)单句语法填空
①We ran ________ some old friends in the village.
②If you run ________ two hares, you will catch neither.
③She ran ________ her notes before giving the lecture.
答案：①across/into ②after ③over
(2)单句表达
①小地震使镇中心摇晃时，工作人员都各自逃命。
Office workers ____________________ as an earth tremor shook the center of town.
②这笔连用几天就没水了。
The pen ____________________ after being used repeatedly for several days.
答案：①ran for their lives ②ran out of ink
2 set out 动身踏上(漫长的)旅途(教材P71)
归纳拓展
①Relieved for the moment, Peter set out.
彼得暂时松了一口气，就出发了。
②We set out to determine exactly what happened that night.
我们着手查明那天晚上发生的事情。
③This room has been set aside for the department files.
这个房间已被用来存放本部门的案卷。
④Opening this door will set off the alarm.
一开这道门，警铃就会响。
(1)单句语法填空
①Let's set ________ our personal feelings and try to focus on the current problem.
②He was the one who first set ________ the stories of the Celtic storytellers.
③He has achieved what he set out ________ (do) three years ago.
答案：①aside ②down ③to do
(2)单句表达
①那天下午，他动身到市场给自己买了一些上好的皮革。
That afternoon, he ________________________ to find himself some quality leather.
②她从银行贷了一笔款，自己干起来了。
She took out a bank loan and ________________________．
答案：①set out for the market ②set up on her own
3 throw oneself into 积极投入到……中去(教材P71)
归纳拓展
①Throw yourself into the natural atmosphere. Taste the colors of the landscape.
让自己融入大自然，品味自然景致中的五彩缤纷。
②Every year, thousands of visitors throw away tons of rubbish, such as bottles and plastic bags.
每年，成千上万的游客扔掉成吨的垃圾，如瓶子和塑料袋。
③You'll be thrown out if you don't pay the rent.
你不付房租就会被撵出去。
④I drank too much and threw up for hours.
我喝了太多酒，吐了好几个小时。
(1)单句语法填空
①I should know by now not to throw ________ the directions until we've finished cooking.
②He seized the thief and threw him ________ the ground.
③He ran to the bathroom, holding his hair back as he threw ________ in the toilet.
答案：①away ②to ③up
(2)单句表达
我准备投入到公共艺术作品的创作，希望把自己的作品带到大众当中去。
I am preparing to ________________ the creation of public art, hoping to bring my art to the masses.
答案：throw myself into
4 look into 调查(问题)(教材P71)
归纳拓展
①We looked into Internet recruitment, but decided against it.
我们调查了互联网招聘，但决定不这么做。
②Every museum now has a website which allows you to look through the information about it.
现在每个博物馆都有一个网站，可以让你浏览关于它的信息。
③I'll try to look him up and ask him a few questions.
我会设法登门拜访，问他几个问题。
④We all look forward to the day when the scientists can discover more secrets of the universe.
我们都向往科学家能发现更多宇宙奥秘的那一天。
(1)单句语法填空
①She looked ________ for a minute and then continued drawing.
②People need to realize bees are valuable and that they should be looked ________．
③She looked ________ politicians with a jaundiced eye.
答案：①up ②after ③on
(2)单句表达
①他非常讨厌被其他学生看不起的感觉。
He hates ________________________ by other students.
②他们研究了问题的各个方面。
They ________________________ of the problem.
答案：①being looked down upon ②looked into all aspects
Ⅰ.根据语境及首字母提示完成句子
1．The army was forced to r________ after suffering heavy losses.
答案：retreat
2．She had started to d________ into her father's distant past.
答案：delve
3．They made their g________ along a pavement on a stolen motorcycle.
答案：getaway
4．He forced himself to s________ and overcome his fears.
答案：subdue
5．He s________ back against the wall as he heard them approaching.
答案：shrank
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．In a more general sense, people fear the ________ (know)．
答案：unknown
2．They did not shrink ________ doing what was right.
答案：from
3．Check ________ how many key skills you already have and find out which ones you might need to develop!
答案：out
4．________ the potato was exactly introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.
答案：When
5．I think a lot of people, women in particular, steer clear ________ these sensitive issues.
答案：of
6．Her Earthsea Cycle takes place in a world of ________ (chart) sea that contains a huge archipelago of islands.
答案：uncharted
7．To practice as much as possible is ________ the secret lies.
答案：where
8．________ she survived the accident is a miracle.
答案：That
9．She decided to throw ________ (her) heart and soul into some great cause.
答案：herself
10．________ the plan will be carried out next month is still unknown.
答案：Whether
Ⅲ.单句表达
1．他通过鸟儿的叫声和歌声就能判断它们是从哪里来的。
He could tell ____________________________ only by their calls and songs.
答案：where the birds came from
2．野狗在后面追我，我拼命地跑。
I ________________ when the wild dog was chasing me.
答案：ran for my life
3．我的家人现在接受了我不吃糖或面包这一事实。
My family now accepts the fact ________________________________.
答案：that I don't eat sugar or bread
4．在把所有钱都花在车上前，你应三思而行。
You should ____________before spending all your money on a car.
答案：think twice
5．这台机器少了一个小部件，真是令人讨厌。
________ is pretty ____________ a small part of the machine is missing.
答案：It; annoying that
6．如果他们以前从未做过某事，他们会急于试水。
If they have never done something before, they are eager to ________________．
答案：test the waters
7．他昨天没有参加聚会是因为他还没有回来。
The reason why he didn't attend the party yesterday is ________________________ yet.
答案：that he hasn't come back
8．对世界的好奇心推动我去体验新事物，去迎接新的挑战和探索未知。
My curiosity about the world pushes me to experience new things and embrace new challenges and ____________________.
答案：explore the unknown
9．当出发进行长途步行时，一定要穿合适的鞋子。
When ____________ on a long walk, always wear suitable shoes.
答案：setting out
10．我觉得可以说，我们已经安全地逃脱了。
I think it's safe to say we __________________ safely.
答案：have made a getaway
较易题(占比50%) 中档题(占比50%) 拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
A B
难度 ★ ★★ ★★ ★
Ⅰ 阅读
A
For centuries people have wondered who was the model for Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa and what was the reason for her smile. But the Mona Lisa is just one of the many mysteries in the art world. Here are some other notable unsolved art mysteries that might be a little less familiar.
Mystery 1: Who is the girl in Johannes Vermeer's Girl with a Pearl Earring
Around 1665, Dutch artist Johannes Vermeer painted a charming portrait of a young girl. People around the globe have long wondered who this fetching young lady was. Many say she must have been Vermeer's daughter or girlfriend. Others think she wasn't a real person, but rather an intentionally mysterious, timeless figure. The painting, referred to as the “Mona Lisa of the North”， has been part of The Hague's permanent collection since 1903. But it draws record breaking crowds whenever and wherever it tours around the world.
Mystery 2: Where Is Raphael's Portrait of a Young Man
Portrait of a Young Man is considered one of the most important pieces of art to go missing during World WarⅡ. The painting was created around 1513 by Raphael, a famous Italian Renaissance artist, and stolen from Poland's Princes Czartoryski Museum in 1939.
The portrait had traveled to Germany and Austria before it was gone in 1945.
Mystery 3: Was Van Gogh Murdered
One of the main things people know about Vincent van Gogh is that he cut off his ear. That was likely because the Dutch post impressionist painter suffered from mental illness, probably severe depression. The official cause is suicide from a gun shot at close range.
That certainly seems plausible (貌似有理的), given his poor mental health. However, no gun was found near his body, and locals reported two teenage boys bullying him shortly before his death.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个未解的艺术之谜。
1．What do Girl with a Pearl Earring and Portrait of a Young Man have in common
A．They are both gone.
B．They are both portraits.
C．They were created at the same period.
D．They are both related to World WarⅡ.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据对Mystery 1描述中的“Around 1665, Dutch artist Johannes Vermeer painted a charming portrait of a young girl.”和对Mystery 2描述中的“Portrait of a Young Man is considered one of the most important pieces of art to go missing during World WarⅡ.”可知，两幅画的共同点是它们都是肖像画。故选B。
2．Who probably suffered from mental illness
A．Leonardo da Vinci.
B．Johannes Vermeer.
C．Vincent van Gogh.
D．Raphael.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据对Mystery 3描述中的“That was likely ... probably severe depression.”可知，Vincent van Gogh (文森特·凡·高)，这位荷兰后印象派画家患有精神疾病，可能是严重的抑郁症。故选C。
3．Who is likely to be more interested in this selection
A．Art lovers. B．Book reviewers.
C．Tour guides. D．Music composers.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Here are some ... a little less familiar.(这里有一些其他可能不太为人熟知的值得注意的未解艺术之谜。)”可推知，艺术爱好者很可能对此感兴趣。故选A。
B
Relics are artifacts (人工制品) from ancient civilizations such as the Egyptians, Greeks, and Mayans. On many occasions, archaeologists discover relics containing text written in ancient languages. These items could be ancient books and scrolls or they could simply be vases and coins with writing on them. Interpreting these texts can be difficult, particularly if the language is a previously undiscovered one, and the texts may additionally be hard to read if they are incomplete or if sections have worn away. Another complication is that interpreting them must be done without the reader introducing any bias (偏见) based upon modern language and culture.
Lost languages are among the numerous barriers archaeologists must break through to interpret texts on relics. One solution is to employ a key, such as the Rosetta Stone, which was discovered in Egypt in 1799. It contains an ancient Egyptian decree (法令) written in three languages, one of which is in Egyptian hieroglyphics (象形文字), an unknown language at the time of its discovery; however, another language on it is ancient Greek, which scholars understood. By comparing the text, scholars made great leaps in interpreting hieroglyphics. Unfortunately, other ancient languages, such as Minoan Linear A, have not been figured out primarily because no key that can assist translation efforts has been discovered yet.
The Rosetta Stone was mostly unscathed,__but its missing parts increased the difficulty of interpreting its text, something which frequently happens with relics. The passage of time may result in carvings, paintings, drawings, and textual inscriptions (题字) getting worn away. For example, the Tel Dan Stone, a stone with ancient Hebrew inscriptions that was found in Israel in 1993, is broken in places, and large pieces of text are missing. The result is a long standing controversy over the precise interpretation of the writing on it.
How modern scholars view texts is another barrier to interpreting them since translators have their own personal biases. Researchers must therefore keep the historical and cultural context of the period when the text was written in mind. This can be difficult when little is known of the people who wrote the text and when or why they wrote it.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了现代考古学家在翻译古代遗址上的文字时遇到的困难。
4．What do we know about the Rosetta Stone
A．It has ancient Greek law on it.
B．It was discovered in Israel in 1993.
C．It was employed to interpret hieroglyphics.
D．It consists of three unknown ancient languages.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Lost languages are ... in Egypt in 1799.(丢失的语言是考古学家们翻译遗址上的文字必须要突破的障碍。一个解决办法就是用一个符号说明，比如罗塞塔石碑，它是在1799年在埃及被发现的。)”可知，罗塞塔石碑被当成符号说明来翻译丢失的语言——象形文字。故选C。
5．Why is Minoan Linear A mentioned in Paragraph 2
A．To tell the key to it has been discovered.
B．To show it still remains a mystery for scholars.
C．To prove it originated form ancient Egypt.
D．To confirm what scholars have achieved.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Unfortunately, other ancient languages ... has been discovered yet.(不幸的是，另外一种古语言，比如Minoan Linear A，还没有被弄明白，主要是因为还没有发现可以帮助翻译它的符号说明。)”可推知， 第二段提到Minoan Linear A是表明它对学者们来说还是个谜。故选B。
6．What does the underlined word “unscathed” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean
A．Untouched. B．Unexplained.
C．Undamaged. D．Undiscovered.
答案：C
解析：词义猜测题。画线词所在句的句意：罗塞塔石碑大部分unscathed，但是它丢失的部分增加了翻译它的文本的难度，丢失文本是经常在遗址里发生的事情。根据句意可推知，unscathed指“没有被破坏的”，和undamaged意思相近。故选C。
7．What's the best title for the text
A．Searching for lost languages
B．Interpreting texts on ancient relics
C．Discovering ancient Hebrew inscriptions
D．Removing barriers to language exploring
答案：B
解析：标题判断题。根据第一段中的“Interpreting these texts can be difficult”可知，文章主要介绍翻译古遗址上面的文本的困难。由此可知，B项(翻译古遗址上的文本)最适合作为文章标题。故选B。
Ⅱ 七选五
When my school offered the opportunity to take part in a School Challenge, I didn't hesitate to sign up for the initial meeting. __1__ We decided to plan a three week adventure in Romania.
Of course, it was not a case of simply signing up and paying the money. __2__ We arranged a variety of events for the purpose. We had decided to go to a remote rural village and to work with a team of local people to improve the school buildings.
We had been warned that our trip would not be a holiday and that things would not always go to plan. We certainly experienced the difficulties during the trip. __3__ This meant that they were too weak to continue walking and we were not able to travel as far as we had intended. In fact, one of the team quit the journey.
__4__ I never got tired of watching the sun rise every morning over the pine forests. Feeding the bears in the sanctuary was also incredible. I would never have imagined that these powerful creatures could be so gentle and calm. My best memory, though, was working on the school building project. I will never forget the hospitality and kindness of the villagers. They cooked us amazing meals and did everything they could to make us feel comfortable and welcome.
My School Challenge trip influenced my life in so many ways. It gave me a taste for independence and adventure, and certainly made me want to travel more. __5__ Not having television, Internet and hot running water for three weeks was certainly a challenge, but in many ways I enjoyed living a simpler life for a short time.
A．This had to be raised by us to fund the trip.
B．Despite the obstacles, it was a truly amazing trip.
C．Above all though, it has made me realise how easy my life is.
D．It was much more challenging than I thought it would be at times.
E．This was where we met other team members and chose our destination.
F．However, we wouldn't be spending any time there until the end of the trip.
G．For example, a few people became ill because we were so high up in the mountains.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者参加学校挑战活动的经历，这次经历对作者的生活产生了很大的影响，让他更加渴望旅行和探索未知的世界。
1．答案：E
解析：上文“When my school offered ... the initial meeting.”提到，当学校提供参加学校挑战的机会时，作者毫不犹豫地报名参加了初次会议。E项(这是我们见到其他团队成员、选择目的地的地方。)承接上文。故选E。
2．答案：A
解析：根据上文“Of course, it was not ... paying the money.(当然，不仅仅是报名和付钱那么简单。)”可知，A项(我们必须筹集资金来资助这次旅行。)承接上文，说明还有其他困难。故选A。
3．答案：G
解析：根据上文“We certainly experienced the difficulties during the trip.(我们确实在旅途中遇到了困难。)”可知，G项(例如，因为我们在山上海拔太高，有几个人因此生病了。)承接上文，举例说明遇到的困难。故选G。
4．答案：B
解析：上文介绍了旅行中的困难；下文“I never got tired of watching the sun rise every morning over the pine forests.(我从未厌倦过每天早晨看着太阳从松树林上升起。)”提到了旅行中的美景，由此可知，B项(尽管有障碍，但这确实是一次非常奇妙的旅行。)承上启下。故选B。
5．答案：C
解析：根据上文“My School Challenge trip ... to travel more.(我的学校挑战之旅在很多方面影响了我的生活。它让我对独立和冒险产生了兴趣，当然也让我更想去旅行。)”可知，C项(不过，最重要的是，它让我意识到我的生活是多么轻松。)承接上文，继续说明学校挑战之旅的影响。故选C。
Ⅲ 应用文写作
假设你是高中生李华，接受了你校校报的一项写作任务，要为校报写一篇有关百慕大三角洲(The Bermuda Triangle)未解之谜的文章。要点如下：
1．位置：位于大西洋，靠近佛罗里达州；
2．事件： 1995年，一组日本科学家前往考察，后来杳无音信；
3．原因：奇特的海水和突如其来的风暴，被称为“死亡三角(The Triangle of Death)”。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[精彩范文]
An unexplained puzzle—the Bermuda Triangle
The Bermuda Triangle lies in the Atlantic Ocean, near Florida in the USA. It is known as The Triangle of Death for its strange sea water and sudden storm.
A group of Japanese scientists went there to see what it was really like in 1995. However, nothing has been heard of ever since. What's more, during the past 60 years more than 1，000 seamen in ships and pilots in the planes have lost their lives here. It is said that no ship and plane wrecks or dead bodies have been found so far. No one is able to tell how all these accidents have happened.
1(共73张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
Unit 5 Into the unknown
Section Ⅱ Using language—Grammar & Integrated skills
课前自主预习
精讲课时语法
课堂效果检测
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
３
课后课时作业
4
Grammar 名词性从句(复习)
课前自主预习
①Whether it is true remains a question.
②The question is whether it is worth doing.
③It is possible that caffeine may cause birth defects in humans, too.
④She asked me whether/if I had returned the books to the library.
⑤There was no suggestion that he was doing anything illegal.
⑥My reason is that the cost will be too high.
(1)whether在①句中引导______从句；在②句中引导______从句。
(2)③句中that引导______从句，_____作形式主语，that不作从句的任何成分，但通常不可省略。
(3)④句中whether与if都引导______从句。whether与if引导宾语从句时，大多数情况下可以互换。但or not前面用_______；用于介词后的宾语从句用whether引导。
(4)⑤句中that引导________从句，不作从句的任何成分。
(5)⑥句中引导表语从句的that不作从句的任何成分，通常_________。
主语
表语
主语
it
宾语
whether
同位语
不可省略
精讲课时语法
(一)名词性从句的连接词
名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
1．that
(1)that只起连接作用，引导名词性从句，在从句中不作任何成分，本身也没有词义。
That he is still alive is sheer luck.
他还活着全靠运气。
John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.
约翰说他星期三要去伦敦。
(2)that在引导名词性从句时，常可省略；但在以下情况中，that不宜省略。
①that引导的主语从句位于句首时，that不可省略。
②当动词后带有两个(以上)并列的宾语从句时，引导第二个(以上)从句的连词that不可省略。
③当that引导的宾语从句前有it作形式宾语时，that不可省略。
④that引导的从句作介词的宾语时，that不能省略。
⑤引导表语从句和同位语从句时，that一般不可省略。
The teacher told the students (that) they should hand in their homework the next day and that the homework must be signed by their parents.
老师告诉学生要在第二天交作业，而且作业必须由家长签名。
The fact that he has fully recovered makes me feel good.
他已痊愈，真让我高兴。
2．whether/if
(1)whether，if引导的名词性从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问句转化而来的；引导从句时，只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，意为“是否”。
(2)whether和if大部分情况可通用，但在下列情况下，只可用whether:
①whether引导主语从句并放在句首。
②引导表语从句和同位语从句。
③whether从句前有介词。
④从句后有“or not”。
⑤后接动词不定式时。
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.
月球上是否有生命是个有趣的问题。
The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test.
问题是她是否应该对这次测试有较低的评价。
Everything depends on whether we have enough money.
一切取决于我们是否有足够的钱。
选词填空(that/whether/if)
①______ the college will take in more new students this year is true.
②I'm not sure about ________ he will come.
③The students asked the question ________ the book was worth reading.
④Let me know ________ or not you can come.
⑤I don't know _________ he still lives there after so many years.
⑥Give me your promise ______ you will come to our party this evening.
⑦We are interested in ________ you will attend the meeting.
⑧He has made it clear _____ he will not give in.
That
whether
whether
whether
if/whether
that
whether
that
3．疑问词who, whom, whose, what, which, where, why, when, how
疑问词引导的名词性从句由特殊疑问句转化而来。它们的特点是：
(1)疑问词保留自己原本的疑问含义。
(2)疑问词在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、定语或状语。
(3)这类疑问词引导的从句一律用陈述句语序，不能用疑问句语序。
Do you know whom they are looking for
你知道他们在找谁吗？
I don't know who did it.
我不知道这是谁做的。
选词填空(who/whom/whose/what/which/where/why/when/how)
①I have no idea _____ Mike refused an offer from Yale University; that's one of his favorite universities.
②These shoes look very good. I wonder ______ much they cost.
③_______ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
④If it is _______ we need, we will buy it.
why
how
When
what
⑤The problem is _____ can be sent to replace him.
⑥A straw shows _______ way the wind blows.
⑦Have you decided _______ you are to elect as your assistant
⑧I want to know _______ notebook was left on the table in the reading room.
⑨I don't know _______ Lu Xun once lived.
who
which
whom
whose
where
4．疑问词＋ ever引导名词性从句的用法
whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语或表语等。在此用法中whatever, whoever等在从句中通常不含疑问意义。whatever＝anything that, whoever＝anyone who。
I will just say whatever comes into my mind.
我想到什么就说什么。
Whoever breaks the rules will be punished.
谁违反这些规则都将受到处罚。
选词填空(whatever/whichever/whoever/whomever)
①I'll give the ticket to ________ wants it.
②I don't believe in letting children do _________ they like.
③We should try our best to help __________ we love and respect.
④__________ of you comes first will receive a prize.
whoever
whatever
whomever
Whichever
1．it作形式主语的名词性从句
it作形式主语，that/whether/who/what ... 等引导主语从句时，将真正的主语从句置于句末。
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.
很显然，整个项目注定要失败。
It's a pity that you should have to leave.
真遗憾，你不得不离开。
(二)it作形式主语或形式宾语的名词性从句
It is not yet decided who will do that job.
还没决定谁做那项工作。
It is still unknown which team will win the match.
哪支队伍将赢得比赛还不知道。
2．it作形式宾语的名词性从句
(1)find, feel, consider, make, think, believe等动词后面的宾语从句常用it作形式宾语，后再跟宾语补足语，而将真正的宾语从句置于句末。
I think it best that you should stay here.
我认为你最好待在这里。
(2)take (认为)，put (表达)，take ... for granted (认为……理所应当)，see to (确保)等动词(短语)后常用it作形式宾语，后再跟that从句作真正的宾语。
I take it (that) he will come on time.
我认为他会准时来的。
Please see to it that no one comes in without identification.
请注意不要让没有身份证明的人进入。
(3)enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, appreciate, prefer等表示喜爱、憎恶等感情的动词后常用it作形式宾语，后再跟when/if从句作真正的宾语。
I like it when people are open and straight.
我喜欢人们开朗、坦率的性格。
I really appreciate it if you offered to help.
如果你能提供帮助，我十分感激。
I would prefer it if you would not use such a mocking tone.
如果你不用这种嘲讽的口吻，我会更喜欢。
单句表达
①你不能来参加我们的聚会真是遗憾。
_____________ you cannot come to our party.
②我发现我们按时完成工作有困难。
I _________________ we finish the work on time.
It is a pity that
find it difficult that
④我认为他们会支持这个提议是理所当然的。
I ___________________ they will support this proposal.
⑤会议什么时候召开还不清楚。
__________________________ the conference is to take place.
take it for granted that
It hasn't been made clear when
Vocabulary
1 run for one's life 逃命(教材P71)
归纳 拓展
①Finally, when a whole crowd of animals came rushing towards him, he turned and ran for his life.
最后，当一大群动物朝他跑去时，他转身逃命去了。
②He ran away from his home and planned to hide somewhere.
他从家里跑了出来，打算藏在什么地方。
③The dog leapt over the wall and ran after the chicken.
狗跃过那面墙，跑去追赶那只鸡。
④Once these latest rations run out, the country will again face hunger and starvation.
最后这批口粮一旦用完，国家又要面临饥荒。
⑤If they run out of certain daily necessities, Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what's needed.
如果他们的某些日常用品用完了，威尔逊将开车到最近的商店并购买所需的东西。
(1)单句语法填空
①We ran ___________ some old friends in the village.
②If you run ______ two hares, you will catch neither.
③She ran ______ her notes before giving the lecture.
across/into
after
over
(2)单句表达
①小地震使镇中心摇晃时，工作人员都各自逃命。
Office workers ________________ as an earth tremor shook the center of town.
②这笔连用几天就没水了。
The pen _____________ after being used repeatedly for several days.
ran for their lives
ran out of ink
2 set out 动身踏上(漫长的)旅途(教材P71)
归纳 拓展
①Relieved for the moment, Peter set out.
彼得暂时松了一口气，就出发了。
②We set out to determine exactly what happened that night.
我们着手查明那天晚上发生的事情。
③This room has been set aside for the department files.
这个房间已被用来存放本部门的案卷。
④Opening this door will set off the alarm.
一开这道门，警铃就会响。
(1)单句语法填空
①Let's set ______ our personal feelings and try to focus on the current problem.
②He was the one who first set ______ the stories of the Celtic storytellers.
③He has achieved what he set out ______ (do) three years ago.
aside
down
to do
(2)单句表达
①那天下午，他动身到市场给自己买了一些上好的皮革。
That afternoon, he __________________ to find himself some quality leather.
②她从银行贷了一笔款，自己干起来了。
She took out a bank loan and ________________．
set out for the market
set up on her own
3 throw oneself into 积极投入到……中去(教材P71)
归纳 拓展
①Throw yourself into the natural atmosphere. Taste the colors of the landscape.
让自己融入大自然，品味自然景致中的五彩缤纷。
②Every year, thousands of visitors throw away tons of rubbish, such as bottles and plastic bags.
每年，成千上万的游客扔掉成吨的垃圾，如瓶子和塑料袋。
③You'll be thrown out if you don't pay the rent.
你不付房租就会被撵出去。
④I drank too much and threw up for hours.
我喝了太多酒，吐了好几个小时。
(1)单句语法填空
①I should know by now not to throw ______ the directions until we've finished cooking.
②He seized the thief and threw him _____ the ground.
③He ran to the bathroom, holding his hair back as he threw _____ in the toilet.
(2)单句表达
我准备投入到公共艺术作品的创作，希望把自己的作品带到大众当中去。
I am preparing to ________________ the creation of public art, hoping to bring my art to the masses.
away
to
up
throw myself into
4 look into 调查(问题)(教材P71)
归纳 拓展
①We looked into Internet recruitment, but decided against it.
我们调查了互联网招聘，但决定不这么做。
②Every museum now has a website which allows you to look through the information about it.
现在每个博物馆都有一个网站，可以让你浏览关于它的信息。
③I'll try to look him up and ask him a few questions.
我会设法登门拜访，问他几个问题。
④We all look forward to the day when the scientists can discover more secrets of the universe.
我们都向往科学家能发现更多宇宙奥秘的那一天。
(1)单句语法填空
①She looked _____ for a minute and then continued drawing.
②People need to realize bees are valuable and that they should be looked ______．
③She looked ____ politicians with a jaundiced eye.
up
after
on
(2)单句表达
①他非常讨厌被其他学生看不起的感觉。
He hates ______________________ by other students.
②他们研究了问题的各个方面。
They ___________________ of the problem.
being looked down upon
looked into all aspects
课堂效果检测
Ⅰ.根据语境及首字母提示完成句子
1．The army was forced to r______ after suffering heavy losses.
2．She had started to d_____ into her father's distant past.
3．They made their g_______ along a pavement on a stolen motorcycle.
4．He forced himself to s______ and overcome his fears.
5．He s_______ back against the wall as he heard them approaching.
etreat
elve
etaway
ubdue
hrank
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．In a more general sense, people fear the _________ (know)．
2．They did not shrink ______ doing what was right.
3．Check _____ how many key skills you already have and find out which ones you might need to develop!
4．______ the potato was exactly introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.
5．I think a lot of people, women in particular, steer clear ____ these sensitive issues.
unknown
from
out
When
of
6．Her Earthsea Cycle takes place in a world of __________ (chart) sea that contains a huge archipelago of islands.
7．To practice as much as possible is ______ the secret lies.
8．_____ she survived the accident is a miracle.
9．She decided to throw ________ (her) heart and soul into some great cause.
10．_________ the plan will be carried out next month is still unknown.
uncharted
where
That
herself
Whether
Ⅲ.单句表达
1．他通过鸟儿的叫声和歌声就能判断它们是从哪里来的。
He could tell ________________________ only by their calls and songs.
2．野狗在后面追我，我拼命地跑。
I ______________ when the wild dog was chasing me.
3．我的家人现在接受了我不吃糖或面包这一事实。
My family now accepts the fact __________________________.
4．在把所有钱都花在车上前，你应三思而行。
You should __________before spending all your money on a car.
where the birds came from
ran for my life
that I don't eat sugar or bread
think twice
5．这台机器少了一个小部件，真是令人讨厌。
____ is pretty _____________ a small part of the machine is missing.
6．如果他们以前从未做过某事，他们会急于试水。
If they have never done something before, they are eager to _____________．
7．他昨天没有参加聚会是因为他还没有回来。
The reason why he didn't attend the party yesterday is _____________________ yet.
It
annoying that
test the waters
that he hasn't come back
8．对世界的好奇心推动我去体验新事物，去迎接新的挑战和探索未知。
My curiosity about the world pushes me to experience new things and embrace new challenges and __________________.
9．当出发进行长途步行时，一定要穿合适的鞋子。
When ___________ on a long walk, always wear suitable shoes.
10．我觉得可以说，我们已经安全地逃脱了。
I think it's safe to say we ___________________ safely.
explore the unknown
setting out
have made a getaway
课后课时作业
较易题(占比50%) 中档题(占比50%) 拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
A B
难度 ★ ★★ ★★ ★
Ⅰ 阅读
A
For centuries people have wondered who was the model for Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa and what was the reason for her smile. But the Mona Lisa is just one of the many mysteries in the art world. Here are some other notable unsolved art mysteries that might be a little less familiar.
Mystery 1: Who is the girl in Johannes Vermeer's Girl with a Pearl Earring
Around 1665, Dutch artist Johannes Vermeer painted a charming portrait of a young girl. People around the globe have long wondered who this fetching young lady was. Many say she must have been Vermeer's daughter or girlfriend. Others think she wasn't a real person, but rather an intentionally mysterious, timeless figure. The painting, referred to as the “Mona Lisa of the North”， has been part of The Hague's permanent collection since 1903. But it draws record breaking crowds whenever and wherever it tours around the world.
Mystery 2: Where Is Raphael's Portrait of a Young Man
Portrait of a Young Man is considered one of the most important pieces of art to go missing during World WarⅡ. The painting was created around 1513 by Raphael, a famous Italian Renaissance artist, and stolen from Poland's Princes Czartoryski Museum in 1939.
The portrait had traveled to Germany and Austria before it was gone in 1945.
Mystery 3: Was Van Gogh Murdered
One of the main things people know about Vincent van Gogh is that he cut off his ear. That was likely because the Dutch post impressionist painter suffered from mental illness, probably severe depression. The official cause is suicide from a gun shot at close range.
That certainly seems plausible (貌似有理的), given his poor mental health. However, no gun was found near his body, and locals reported two teenage boys bullying him shortly before his death.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个未解的艺术之谜。
1．What do Girl with a Pearl Earring and Portrait of a Young Man have in common
A．They are both gone.
B．They are both portraits.
C．They were created at the same period.
D．They are both related to World WarⅡ.
解析：细节理解题。根据对Mystery 1描述中的“Around 1665, Dutch artist Johannes Vermeer painted a charming portrait of a young girl.”和对Mystery 2描述中的“Portrait of a Young Man is considered one of the most important pieces of art to go missing during World WarⅡ.”可知，两幅画的共同点是它们都是肖像画。故选B。
2．Who probably suffered from mental illness
A．Leonardo da Vinci.
B．Johannes Vermeer.
C．Vincent van Gogh.
D．Raphael.
解析：细节理解题。根据对Mystery 3描述中的“That was likely ... probably severe depression.”可知，Vincent van Gogh (文森特·凡·高)，这位荷兰后印象派画家患有精神疾病，可能是严重的抑郁症。故选C。
3．Who is likely to be more interested in this selection
A．Art lovers. B．Book reviewers.
C．Tour guides. D．Music composers.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Here are some ... a little less familiar.(这里有一些其他可能不太为人熟知的值得注意的未解艺术之谜。)”可推知，艺术爱好者很可能对此感兴趣。故选A。
B
Relics are artifacts (人工制品) from ancient civilizations
such as the Egyptians, Greeks, and Mayans. On many occasions,
archaeologists discover relics containing text written in ancient
languages. These items could be ancient books and scrolls or
they could simply be vases and coins with writing on them.
Interpreting these texts can be difficult, particularly if the language is a previously undiscovered one, and the texts may additionally be hard to read if they are incomplete or if sections have worn away. Another complication is that interpreting them must be done without the reader introducing any bias (偏见) based upon modern language and culture.
Lost languages are among the numerous barriers archaeologists must break through to interpret texts on relics. One solution is to employ a key, such as the Rosetta Stone, which was discovered in Egypt in 1799. It contains an ancient Egyptian decree (法令) written in three languages, one of which is in Egyptian hieroglyphics (象形文字), an unknown language at the time of its discovery; however, another language on it is ancient Greek, which scholars understood. By comparing the text, scholars made great leaps in interpreting hieroglyphics. Unfortunately, other ancient languages, such as Minoan Linear A, have not been figured out primarily because no key that can assist translation efforts has been discovered yet.
The Rosetta Stone was mostly unscathed,__but its missing parts increased the difficulty of interpreting its text, something which frequently happens with relics. The passage of time may result in carvings, paintings, drawings, and textual inscriptions (题字) getting worn away. For example, the Tel Dan Stone, a stone with ancient Hebrew inscriptions that was found in Israel in 1993, is broken in places, and large pieces of text are missing. The result is a long standing controversy over the precise interpretation of the writing on it.
How modern scholars view texts is another barrier to interpreting them since translators have their own personal biases. Researchers must therefore keep the historical and cultural context of the period when the text was written in mind. This can be difficult when little is known of the people who wrote the text and when or why they wrote it.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了现代考古学家在翻译古代遗址上的文字时遇到的困难。
4．What do we know about the Rosetta Stone
A．It has ancient Greek law on it.
B．It was discovered in Israel in 1993.
C．It was employed to interpret hieroglyphics.
D．It consists of three unknown ancient languages.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Lost languages are ... in Egypt in 1799.(丢失的语言是考古学家们翻译遗址上的文字必须要突破的障碍。一个解决办法就是用一个符号说明，比如罗塞塔石碑，它是在1799年在埃及被发现的。)”可知，罗塞塔石碑被当成符号说明来翻译丢失的语言——象形文字。故选C。
5．Why is Minoan Linear A mentioned in Paragraph 2
A．To tell the key to it has been discovered.
B．To show it still remains a mystery for scholars.
C．To prove it originated form ancient Egypt.
D．To confirm what scholars have achieved.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Unfortunately, other ancient languages ... has been discovered yet.(不幸的是，另外一种古语言，比如Minoan Linear A，还没有被弄明白，主要是因为还没有发现可以帮助翻译它的符号说明。)”可推知， 第二段提到Minoan Linear A是表明它对学者们来说还是个谜。故选B。
6．What does the underlined word “unscathed” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean
A．Untouched. B．Unexplained.
C．Undamaged. D．Undiscovered.
解析： 词义猜测题。画线词所在句的句意：罗塞塔石碑大部分unscathed，但是它丢失的部分增加了翻译它的文本的难度，丢失文本是经常在遗址里发生的事情。根据句意可推知，unscathed指“没有被破坏的”，和undamaged意思相近。故选C。
7．What's the best title for the text
A．Searching for lost languages
B．Interpreting texts on ancient relics
C．Discovering ancient Hebrew inscriptions
D．Removing barriers to language exploring
解析：标题判断题。根据第一段中的“Interpreting these texts can be difficult”可知，文章主要介绍翻译古遗址上面的文本的困难。由此可知，B项(翻译古遗址上的文本)最适合作为文章标题。故选B。
Ⅱ 七选五
When my school offered the opportunity to take part in a School Challenge, I didn't hesitate to sign up for the initial meeting. __1__ We decided to plan a three week adventure in Romania.
Of course, it was not a case of simply signing up and paying the money. __2__ We arranged a variety of events for the purpose. We had decided to go to a remote rural village and to work with a team of local people to improve the school buildings.
We had been warned that our trip would not be a holiday and that things would not always go to plan. We certainly experienced the difficulties during the trip. __3__ This meant that they were too weak to continue walking and we were not able to travel as far as we had intended. In fact, one of the team quit the journey.
__4__ I never got tired of watching the sun rise every morning over the pine forests. Feeding the bears in the sanctuary was also incredible. I would never have imagined that these powerful creatures could be so gentle and calm. My best memory, though, was working on the school building project. I will never forget the hospitality and kindness of the villagers. They cooked us amazing meals and did everything they could to make us feel comfortable and welcome.
My School Challenge trip influenced my life in so many ways. It gave me a taste for independence and adventure, and certainly made me want to travel more. __5__ Not having television, Internet and hot running water for three weeks was certainly a challenge, but in many ways I enjoyed living a simpler life for a short time.
A．This had to be raised by us to fund the trip.
B．Despite the obstacles, it was a truly amazing trip.
C．Above all though, it has made me realise how easy my life is.
D．It was much more challenging than I thought it would be at times.
E．This was where we met other team members and chose our destination.
F．However, we wouldn't be spending any time there until the end of the trip.
G．For example, a few people became ill because we were so high up in the mountains.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者参加学校挑战活动的经历，这次经历对作者的生活产生了很大的影响，让他更加渴望旅行和探索未知的世界。
1．答案：E
解析：上文“When my school offered ... the initial meeting.”提到，当学校提供参加学校挑战的机会时，作者毫不犹豫地报名参加了初次会议。E项(这是我们见到其他团队成员、选择目的地的地方。)承接上文。故选E。
2．答案：A
解析：根据上文“Of course, it was not ... paying the money.(当然，不仅仅是报名和付钱那么简单。)”可知，A项(我们必须筹集资金来资助这次旅行。)承接上文，说明还有其他困难。故选A。
3．答案：G
解析：根据上文“We certainly experienced the difficulties during the trip.(我们确实在旅途中遇到了困难。)”可知，G项(例如，因为我们在山上海拔太高，有几个人因此生病了。)承接上文，举例说明遇到的困难。故选G。
4．答案：B
解析：上文介绍了旅行中的困难；下文“I never got tired of watching the sun rise every morning over the pine forests.(我从未厌倦过每天早晨看着太阳从松树林上升起。)”提到了旅行中的美景，由此可知，B项(尽管有障碍，但这确实是一次非常奇妙的旅行。)承上启下。故选B。
5．答案：C
解析：根据上文“My School Challenge trip ... to travel more.(我的学校挑战之旅在很多方面影响了我的生活。它让我对独立和冒险产生了兴趣，当然也让我更想去旅行。)”可知，C项(不过，最重要的是，它让我意识到我的生活是多么轻松。)承接上文，继续说明学校挑战之旅的影响。故选C。
Ⅲ 应用文写作
假设你是高中生李华，接受了你校校报的一项写作任务，要为校报写一篇有关百慕大三角洲(The Bermuda Triangle)未解之谜的文章。要点如下：
1．位置：位于大西洋，靠近佛罗里达州；
2．事件： 1995年，一组日本科学家前往
考察，后来杳无音信；
3．原因：奇特的海水和突如其来的风暴，、
被称为“死亡三角(The Triangle of Death)”。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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[精彩范文]
An unexplained puzzle—the Bermuda Triangle
The Bermuda Triangle lies in the Atlantic Ocean, near Florida in the USA. It is known as The Triangle of Death for its strange sea water and sudden storm.
A group of Japanese scientists went there to see what it was really like in 1995. However, nothing has been heard of ever since. What's more, during the past 60 years more than 1，000 seamen in ships and pilots in the planes have lost their lives here. It is said that no ship and plane wrecks or dead bodies have been found so far. No one is able to tell how all these accidents have happened.
