英语 选择性必修 第四册[WY]
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
The Call of the Challenger
“挑战者”号的呼唤
Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969, people have become accustomed to the notion of space travel.
自从1969年7月20日尼尔·阿姆斯特朗首次登月以来，人们已习惯于太空旅行这个概念。
Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets, their hearts in their mouths, aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was, and of the many things that could go wrong.
数百万人在黑白电视机前观看了首次登月，他们的心都激动得跳到了嗓子眼儿，因为大家都明白这是一项多么艰难、多么危险的任务，许多地方都可能出错。
With Armstrong's now famous words “That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind”， what had once been considered impossible had now been achieved.
伴随着阿姆斯特朗说出那句名言“这是个人的一小步，却是人类的一大步”，曾被认为是不可能的事情如今已经实现了。
Guided by a computer that was much less powerful than the ones used by today's average school students, all three astronauts of the Apollo 11 mission made it safely back to Earth.
执行“阿波罗11”号任务的三位宇航员在一台计算机的指导下都安全返回地球，这台计算机远不如当今普通学校的学生使用的计算机功能强大。
①become__accustomed__to 习惯于(做)某事 ②notion n. 概念；观点；看法 ③hazardous adj. 危险的，不安全的 ④“主(all three ... mission)谓(made)宾(it)宾补(safely back to Earth)”。Guided by ... school students为过去分词短语作状语；其中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a computer；而used by ... 为过去分词短语作the ones的后置定语。
Following the Moon landings, space travel rapidly became unexceptional to the public, as innovations succeeded each other.
登月后，随着新事物接连出现，太空旅行迅速成为公众眼中的寻常之事。
By the early 1980s, the great rockets previously used in the American space programme had been replaced by the space shuttle.
20世纪80年代早期，以往美国太空计划中使用的大型火箭已被航天飞机所代替。
When the Challenger space shuttle took off on 28 January 1986, the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved.
当1986年1月28日“挑战者”号航天飞机起飞时，世界似乎已经不再对航天员所取得的惊人成就感到惊叹。
But this was going to be no ordinary excursion, and millions of people tuned in to witness the take off on TV.
但这将不是一次普通的旅行，数以百万计的人在电视上见证了这次起飞。
⑤unexceptional adj. 平常的 ⑥shuttle n. 航天飞机 ⑦the__space__shuttle 航天飞机 ⑧excursion n. (有特定目的的)短途旅行 ⑨“主(space travel)系(became)表(unexceptional)”。Following the Moon landings为现在分词短语作状语。
It was special because Christa McAuliffe aged 37, an ordinary teacher and mother, was about to become the first civilian in space.
这次航行的特殊之处在于一位37岁名为克丽斯塔·麦考利夫的普通教师兼母亲将会成为第一位到访太空的普通公民。
She planned to give two 15 minute lessons from orbit: the first to demonstrate the controls of the spacecraft and explain how gravity worked, and the second to describe the objectives of the Challenger programme.
她计划在“挑战者”号沿轨道运行时讲两节课，每节15分钟。第一节课要展示航天器的操控装置，并解释一下引力是如何发挥作用的；第二节课要讲述“挑战者”号太空计划的目的。
Christa hoped to communicate a sense of excitement and rekindle interest in the space programme.
克丽斯塔希望传达出她的激动之情，重新燃起人们对太空计划的兴趣。
With the eyes of students across the nation upon her, she might have inspired an entirely new generation of astronauts and space scientists.
当全国学生的目光都聚集在她身上时，她或许能激发他们成为新一代宇航员和太空科学家。
⑩rekindle v. 重新激起，重新唤起
Tragically, she never returned to her classroom as the shuttle exploded just over a minute after taking off in Florida, and all seven astronauts on board were killed.
令人悲痛的是，她再也没能回到她的课堂，因为航天飞机在佛罗里达州发射仅一分多钟后就发生了爆炸，机上七名宇航员全部遇难。
The world went into shock, most people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane.
整个世界都震惊了，大部分人都以为这次太空飞行不会比坐飞机更危险。
How wrong they had been!
他们都大错特错了！
Instantaneously, excitement and optimism turned into terror and failure.
瞬间，激动和乐观变为了恐惧和失败。
It was the most disastrous space accident ever, and it cast a shadow on people's hearts.
这是有史以来最惨烈的航天事故，给人们心里蒙上了阴影。
tragically adv. 悲惨地，不幸地 instantaneously adv. 瞬间地 shadow n. 坏影响，阴影 cast__a__shadow__on 给……蒙上阴影
“I can remember that day so clearly, watching the take off on TV at school，” said one student.
一个学生回忆道：“我非常清楚地记得那天，我在学校通过电视观看发射场景。”
“There was an ordinary teacher on the Challenger, and we were all very excited.
“有位普通教师在‘挑战者’号上，我们都非常激动。
We didn't have much patience waiting for the launch.
我们都迫不及待地等着发射。
We had seen the smiling faces of the astronauts waving to the world as they stepped into the shuttle.
我们看到宇航员在步入航天飞机时，笑容满面，向世界挥手致意。
Then, little more than a minute after take off, we saw a strange red and orange light in the sky, followed by a cloud of white smoke.
然后，发射仅仅一分多钟后，我们就看到空中奇异的红色和橙色的光芒，紧接着是一大团白烟。
The Challenger had exploded in mid air and we all started screaming.”
‘挑战者’号在半空中爆炸了，我们都开始尖叫。”
scream v. (因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等)尖声大叫
Following the shock of the Challenger disaster, space shuttle flights were suspended for nearly three years while the cause of the disaster was investigated, and some of the shuttle's components were redesigned.
“挑战者”号令人震惊的灾难发生后，航天飞机航行中止了近三年时间，同时调查事故原因，飞行器的部分零件被重新设计。
But there was never any doubt that manned flights would continue, and on 29 September 1988, the space shuttle programme resumed with the successful launch of Discovery.
但是毫无疑问，载人飞行还会继续，1988年9月29日，随着“发现”号的成功发射，航天飞机项目重新启动。
suspend v. 暂停，中止 “主句(space shuttle flights ... years)＋时间状语从句(while the cause of ... redesigned)”。Following ... disaster为现在分词短语作状语。
It has now been over 30 years since the loss of Challenger and although the lives of its crew were cut tragically short, they take their place alongside the other heroes of space exploration, such as Gagarin, Tereshkova, Armstrong and Yang Liwei.
“挑战者”号失事至今已有30多年了。虽然“挑战者”号的机组人员不幸早逝，但他们与加加林、捷列什科娃、阿姆斯特朗和杨利伟等其他进行太空探索的英雄们一起，都在历史上占有一席之地。
The memory of those seven will live forever, written in the stars, inspiring us to join them in humanity's greatest journey of exploration and discovery.
他们七位的事迹将永存于世，书写在漫天星辰中，激励我们加入他们，共向致力于人类最伟大的探索和发现之旅。
The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars, no matter how distant they might seem.
“挑战者”号的牺牲召唤着、提醒着我们，不管星空看起来多么遥不可及，我们都要持之以恒地去探索。
crew n. (飞机上的)全体机组人员 “主(The sacrifice of the Challenger)谓(calls to)宾(us)”。reminding us that ... 为现在分词短语作状语，that引导宾语从句，no matter how引导让步状语从句。
1 shadow n. 坏影响，阴影(教材P83)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①The crisis in Europe's economy has cast a shadow on our own.
欧洲的经济危机为我们自己笼上了一层阴影。
②These people have been living for years under the shadow of fear.
这些人多年来一直生活在恐怖的阴影中。
③We should place it in shadow.
我们应该把它拿到阴凉的地方。
(1)单句语法填空
①He turned away from her, his face ________ shadow.
②He didn't want to cast a shadow ________ their happiness.
答案：①in ②on
(2)单句表达
他一直活在他哥哥的影子中。
He has always lived ____________________ his brother.
答案：in/under the shadow of
2 scream v. (因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等)尖声大叫(教材P84)
归纳拓展
①The kids were screaming with excitement.
孩子们兴奋地尖叫着。
②Someone was screaming for help.
有人在大声呼救。
③Suddenly a hand touched her shoulder, and she let out a scream of terror.
突然一只手碰了她的肩膀，她吓得尖叫起来。
(1)单句语法填空
①The boys bobbed down the hill screaming ________ pleasure.
②The extremely frightened woman let ________ a scream and fainted away.
答案：①with ②out
(2)单句表达
①汽艇呼啸着出海了。
The powerboat ________________ to sea.
②男孩当时还能大声呼救，但救护车一小时以后才到，那时已经太晚了。
The boy was able to ________________ at that time, but the ambulances didn't arrive until an hour later, which by then was too late.
答案：①screamed out ②scream for help
3 suspend v. 暂停，中止(教材P84)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①Production has been suspended while safety checks are carried out.
在进行安全检查期间生产暂停。
②A lamp was suspended from the ceiling.
一盏吊灯悬在天花板上。
(1)单句语法填空
①Her body was found suspended ________ a rope.
②Julie was suspended ________ her job shortly after the incident.
答案：①by ②from
(2)单句表达
①这些小动物可以用尾巴将自己倒挂在树枝上。
These small animals can ______________________________ by their tails.
②他因有违职业道德的行为被停职六个月。
He received ________________ for unprofessional behaviour.
答案：①suspend from the branches ②a six－month suspension
1 become accustomed to 习惯于(做)某事(教材P82)
归纳拓展
①Everyone will have to become accustomed to paying more for food.
每个人都将变得习惯于付更多的钱买食品。
②It took a while for me to accustom myself to all the new rules and regulations.
我花了一段时间才习惯所有新的规章制度。
(1)单句语法填空
①He is accustomed to ________ (get) up early，which is beneficial to his health.
②It took him a day to accustom ________ (he) to the idea.
答案：①getting ②himself
(2)单句表达
我的眼睛渐渐适应了黑暗。
My eyes ______________________________ the gloom.
答案：were becoming accustomed to
2 call to 号召；呼唤；向……喊叫(教材P84)
归纳拓展
①Conclude with a quote or call to action.
以一个引证结束，或者号召大家去行动。
②The knee jerk reaction to this is to call for proper security in all hospitals.
对此类状况的本能反应是要求所有医院都采取相应的安全措施。
③He refused to call off the game simply because of the rain.
他拒绝仅仅因为下雨就取消比赛。
④Go take your phone book and call up your good friends from the past.
拿起你的电话簿和过去的老朋友联系一下吧。
(1)用call的相关短语填空
①If the phone rings, say you'll ____________ after dinner.
②____________ an architect or engineer to oversee the work.
③This train ____________ Didcot and Reading.
答案：①call back ②Call in ③calls at
(2)单句表达
①让我们伸出援手，救助灾区数以千计的人们吧。
We ______________________ to assist the thousands of victims in the disaster hit areas.
②他不能在走廊奔跑，不能插队，不能大声叫喊，或到处挥舞画笔。
He can't run in the halls, cut in line, __________________， or swing his paintbrush around.
答案：①call on/upon all of us ②call out
1 Guided by a computer that was much less powerful than the ones used by today's average school students, all three astronauts of the Apollo 11 mission made it safely back to Earth．(教材P82) 执行“阿波罗11”号任务的三位宇航员在一台计算机的指导下都安全返回地球，这台计算机远不如当今普通学校的学生使用的计算机功能强大。
剖析 made it safely back to Earth 为“make it to sp”结构，意为“成功到达某地”；而make it 自身也可以单独使用，表示 “获得成功”。
归纳拓展
①I thought he would be too old to get to the top of the mountain, but he made it at last.
我原以为他年纪大爬不到山顶，但最后他还是爬上去了。
②Let's make it at seven o'clock on Tuesday morning at my office.
我们把时间定在星期二早上七点，地点就在我办公室。
③We are too late; I don't think we can make it.
我们太迟了，我想我们难以准时赶到了。
④He had a high fever, but it doesn't mean he couldn't make it.
他发高烧，但这并不意味着他挺不过去。
(1)写出下列句中make it的含义
①The doctors think he's going to make it.________
②The flight leaves in twenty minutes—we'll never make it.________
③Let's make it at 9：30 next Friday.________
④I don't think we'll make it, but let's try anyway.________
答案：①痊愈 ②准时到达 ③确定时间 ④获得成功
(2)单句表达
医生知道那个病人没什么希望了。
The doctor knew that the patient __________________________.
答案：was unlikely to make it
2 When the Challenger space shuttle took off on 28 January 1986, the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved.(教材P82～83) 当“挑战者”号航天飞机于1986年1月28日发射时，对于宇航员所获得的令人惊叹的成就，全世界似乎已经失去了新鲜感。
剖析 seem在此处用作系动词，意为“似乎；好像”，本句中seemed to have lost表示lose这一动作发生在took off之前，用不定式的完成式。
归纳拓展
①It seems that the more time a bird spends in trees, the more likely it is to hop.
似乎鸟在树上待的时间越久，就越有可能跳跃。
②He seemed to be just the right sort for the job.
他似乎正是干这个工作的合适人选。
③There seemed to be a high probability of success.
成功的几率似乎很高。
(1)单句语法填空
①He seemed ________ (be) a good man, well thought of by all.
②________ seems to be some fault in the computer, and we're just looking into it.
答案：①to be ②There
(2)单句表达
①特别令人担忧的是，似乎没有任何人在负责。
It is particularly worrying that nobody ________________ in charge.
②暴风雨似乎并没有影响到她。
______________ the storm meant nothing to her.
答案：①seems to be ②It seemed that
Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子
1．A ________ (阴影) passed over the kindly face of the old woman.
答案：shadow
2．The mission for the ________ (全体机组人员) of the space shuttle Endeavour is essentially over.
答案：crew
3．________ (尖声大叫) it out loud if you must: I am lucky to be alive!
答案：Scream
4．The report calls for a ban on the import of ________ (危险的) waste.
答案：hazardous
5．I have arranged with my classmates for an ________ (短途出行) to the beach.
答案：excursion
6．We also need to abandon the n________ that agriculture can be “zero impact”．
答案：notion
7．The space s________ returned safely today from a 10 day mission.
答案：shuttle
8．We are trying to r________ our friendship with our extended family.
答案：rekindle
9．Since then, Michael has lived an u________ life.
答案：unexceptional
10．Most t________， they have caused the loss of many innocent lives.
答案：tragically
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．They have no way to dispose of the ________ (hazard) waste they produce.
答案：hazardous
2．In those days, the trip across country was a dangerous ________ (undertake)．
答案：undertaking
3．More than one person ________ (concern) in this event.
答案：has been concerned
4．He was a person accustomed ________ having eight hours' sleep a night.
答案：to
5．The crew ________ (be) of different nationalities and have no common language.
答案：are
6．I think the hotel was comfortable but ________ (exceptional).
答案：unexceptional
7．The police officer ________ (suspend) while the complaint was investigated.
答案：was suspended
8．Obviously I'd be disappointed if we don't make ________， but it wouldn't be the end of the world.
答案：it
9．Electricity can pass ________ (instantaneous) over any length of wire no matter how long.
答案：instantaneously
10．________ (tragic) he committed suicide when the investment went wrong.
答案：Tragically
Ⅲ.选词填空
set foot on, take off, cast a shadow on, suspend, the space shuttle
1．The scandal ____________ his career.
答案：cast a shadow on
2．First of all, walking out of ____________ is an amazing experience.
答案：the space shuttle
3．The plane ____________ an hour late because of bad weather.
答案：took off
4．The match had just begun when the heavens opened and play ____________．
答案：was suspended
5．This is the first time I have left my country and ____________ foreign soil.
答案：set foot on
Ⅳ.单句表达
1．新时代呼唤我们，说我们应该努力取得更多成就，做得更好。
The new era ________________， saying that we should strive to achieve more and do better.
答案：calls to us
2．她似乎总是生活在她父亲的阴影下。
She seemed to have always been ________________________ her father.
答案：under the shadow of
3．球迷一看见他都激动得大喊大叫。
The fans ____________________________ when they saw him.
答案：screamed with excitement
4．汤姆心惊胆战地走近那奇怪的声音。
Tom moved toward the strange sounds ________________________．
答案：with his heart in his mouth
5．你和你哥哥都不是很细心的人，你们两个都不适合做这需要细心和技巧的工作。
You are ________________ than your brother; you two can't do the work that needs care and skill.
答案：no more careful
较易题(占比0%) 中档题(占比100%) 拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B
难度 ★★ ★★ ★★
Ⅰ 完形填空
When the Apollo astronauts landed on the moon in 1969, millions of people were rather sad. The person to __1__ for this was an artist named Chesley Bonestell. For many years, Bonestell had been creating __2__ detailed paintings of the moon and planets. Viewers of his artwork were unhappy __3__ the real moon did not look like Bonestell's pictures of it. As a space artist, Bonestell tried to make his drawings look exciting and as true as the moon is. He worked closely with __4__ and scientists to get the most up to date scientific information available. But in the 1940s and 1950s, no one __5__ another planet up close. Yet Bonestell's paintings looked so real that some people thought they were __6__．
Even though Bonestell was interested in astronomy, he did not __7__ his career as a space artist. As a young man he studied architecture—the art and science of __8__ and making buildings. In 1938 Bonestell became a special effects artist in Hollywood. It was here __9__ he learned he could improve his paintings by following the methods used in the __10__．
In 1944, a popular magazine published a series of Bonestell's paintings of the planet Saturn (土星). He drew Saturn as if it were seen by someone standing on each of the planet's moons. The effects were __11__. Within a few years, Bonestell's artwork was appearing regularly in magazines and books __12__ astronomy and space flight.
Many of Bonestell's artworks had been right all along. __13__ the biggest surprise was the moon. Someone asked Bonestell what he was thinking when he saw the first pictures from the moon. “I thought how __14__ I was！” he said. “My mountains were sharp (陡峭的), and they aren't on the moon.”
But he shouldn't have felt bad. No space artist had ever before taken so many people to so many faraway worlds. In the years just before the first manned space flights, Bonestell's artworks prepared people for the amazing space adventure __15__．
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。太空美术师Chesley Bonestell (切斯利·博内斯特尔)在载人宇宙飞船探索太空之前，用画作让人们提前对太空有所了解，并对太空探索有所准备。
1．A.apply B．seek
C．blame D．agree
答案：C
解析：根据下文“Viewers of his ... pictures of it.”可知，此事应归咎于Bonestell。故选C。
2．A.beautifully B．dreadfully
C．falsely D．completely
答案：A
解析：根据下文“Bonestell tried to make his drawings look exciting and as true as the moon is”可知，Bonestell为月球和行星创作的画是精美的。故选A。
3．A.because B．since
C．when D．provided
答案：A
解析：句意：观看他的作品的人很不高兴，因为真正的月亮看起来不像Bonestell的画作中的月亮。上下文表示因果关系，应用连词because表示“因为”。故选A。
4．A.architects B．astronauts
C．analysts D．astronomers
答案：D
解析：architect 建筑师；astronaut 宇航员；analyst 分析者；astronomer 天文学家。根据下文“to get the most up to date scientific information available”可知，他与天文学家和科学家一起合作来获取最新的科学信息。故选D。
5．A.would see B．had seen
C．was seeing D．have seen
答案：B
解析：时间状语in the 1940s and 1950s为过去时间，且“看到”这一动作对过去造成影响，设空处应用过去完成时。故选B。
6．A.profiles B．photographs
C．posters D．patents
答案：B
解析：profile 简介；photograph 照片；poster 海报；patent 专利。根据上文“Bonestell's paintings looked so real”可知，人们认为Bonestell的画是照片。故选B。
7．A.take on B．take in
C．take up D．take off
答案：C
解析：句意：尽管Bonestell对天文学感兴趣，但他并没有从事太空艺术家的职业。take on 承担；take in 吸收；take up 开始从事；take off 起飞。故选C。
8．A.drawing B．outlining
C．photographing D．designing
答案：D
解析：draw 画画；outline 概述；photograph 摄影；design 设计。此处指他学习设计和建造建筑的艺术和科学。故选D。
9．A.where B．which
C．that D．why
答案：C
解析：本句为强调句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分，此处强调的是地点状语here，设空处应用that。故选C。
10．A.magazines B．movies
C．advertisements D．media
答案：B
解析：根据上文“In 1938 Bonestell became a special effects artist in Hollywood.”以及常识可知，Bonestell在好莱坞学会了使用电影中的方法来改进自己的绘画。故选B。
11．A.impressive B．disappointing
C．scary D．ambiguous
答案：A
解析：impressive 令人印象深刻的；disappointing 令人失望的；scary 可怕的；ambiguous 模棱两可的。根据上文“as if it were seen by someone”和下文“Within a few years ... astronomy and space flight.”可知，画作的效果是令人印象深刻的。故选A。
12．A.in B．of
C．at D．on
答案：D
解析：句意：几年内，Bonestell的作品定期出现在有关天文学和太空飞行的杂志和书籍上。on “关于”。故选D。
13．A.Still B．And
C．But D．Even
答案：C
解析：根据下文“My mountains ... on the moon.”可知，此处表示转折关系，应用连词but表示“但是”。故选C。
14．A.right B．wrong
C．thrilled D．successful
答案：B
解析：right 正确的；wrong 错误的；thrilled 激动的；successful 成功的。根据下文“My mountains were sharp (陡峭的), and they aren't on the moon.”可知，此处表示Bonestell认为自己的画是错误的，和月球真实的情况不符合。故选B。
15．A.coming B．to come
C．came D．would come
答案：B
解析：句意：在第一次载人航天飞行之前的几年里，Bonestell的艺术作品让人们为即将到来的惊人太空探险做好了准备。此处表示动作即将发生，应用不定式作后置定语，修饰the amazing space adventure。故选B。
Ⅱ 阅读
A
Scientists attach great importance to identifying and tracking near Earth objects because some of them could present threats to our planet. With this in mind, NASA launched a spacecraft last November that aimed to demonstrate a possible defensive method against asteroids that might threaten the earth.
Historically, the American space agency NASA used powerful ground based telescopes and its NEOWISE spacecraft to identify asteroids and other near－Earth objects, NASA also used tracking systems to follow the movements of asteroids.
Recently, scientists have used a new tool to discover more than 100 asteroids that had not been identified before. The new tool used a complex computing method, which was also called an algorithm, to search for asteroids that had not been discovered before. They were not discoverable because existing telescopes and image examination tools could not recognize them.
The discovery of 104 new asteroids was announced by the American－based non－profit Asteroid Institute. The organization hoped the new asteroid search tool would lead to the discovery of more asteroids in the coming years. The Asteroid Institute, which is part of the B612 Foundation, explained on its website that it aimed to combine computer science, instrumentation and astronomy to find and track asteroids. Ed Lu, who is the director of the B612 Foundation and also a former NASA astronaut, said, “Discovering and tracking asteroids is key to understanding our solar system, promoting the development of space and protecting our planet from asteroid impacts.”
The institute called its discovery tool Asteroid Discovery Analysis and Mapping, or ADAM. This system used the algorithm to link points of light in different sky images that were consistent with asteroid orbits. The tool was trained to find asteroids based on existing data and to calculate their orbits well enough to be recognized by international astronomy organizations. Joachim Moeyens, a researcher from the University of Washington said the latest identifications were just the beginning. He predicted the asteroid search tool would result in thousands of new discoveries in the future.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家利用科技工具发现新的小行星，并介绍了这一工具的工作原理和优势。
1．What is the purpose of identifying and tracking near Earth objects
A．To prove the power of telescopes.
B．To make existing data more accurate.
C．To prevent possible threats to the earth.
D．To follow the movements of new asteroids.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Scientists attach ... to our planet.”可知，识别和跟踪近地天体的目的是防止近地天体对地球可能造成的威胁。故选C。
2．How were 104 new asteroids found
A．By using ADAM.
B．By using satellites.
C．By using NEOWISE spacecraft.
D．By using ground－based telescopes.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The new tool ... been discovered before.(这个新工具使用了一种复杂的计算方法，也被称为算法，来搜索以前没有发现的小行星。)”和最后一段中的“The institute called its discovery tool Asteroid Discovery Analysis and Mapping, or ADAM.(该研究所将其发现工具称为小行星发现分析和测绘工具，简称为ADAM。)”可知，104颗新的小行星是通过使用ADAM发现的。故选A。
3．What is Joachim Moeyens's attitude to the asteroid search tool
A．Doubtful. B．Hopeful.
C．Carefree. D．Unclear.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Joachim Moeyens ... in the future.”可知，华盛顿大学的研究人员Joachim Moeyens(约阿希姆·默伊斯)表示，最新的发现只是一个开始。他预测，这款小行星搜索工具将为未来带来数千个新发现。由此可推知，Joachim Moeyens对小行星搜索工具的态度是充满希望的。故选B。
4．What is the best title for the text
A．The Methods of Astronomy Being Further Developed
B．Fewer Than One Hundred Asteroids Have Been Found
C．Scientists Used a Technology Tool to Discover New Asteroids
D．The Importance of Protecting Our Planet From Asteroid Impacts
答案：C
解析：标题判断题。通读全文，尤其根据第三段内容可知，文章主要介绍了科学家利用科技工具发现新的小行星，以及这一工具的工作原理和优势。由此可知，C项(科学家使用技术工具发现新的小行星)最适合作为文章标题。故选C。
B
It's a sunny March afternoon at Winchester Village Elementary School in Indianapolis, and teacher Natasha Cummings is leading her class in a brand new lesson. It's the first time she's teaching it and also likely the last. The second graders audibly take a short quick breath when Cummings explains the day's activity: They'll be simulating a total solar eclipse (日全食) using the real sun, an inflatable globe and a moon made out of a play dough ball mounted on a stick.
On April 8, a narrow strip of North America will experience a total solar eclipse, in which the moon entirely covers the sun, darkening the sky so that only the sun's corona, a ghostly white ring, will be visible. Indianapolis is one of several cities in the path of totality. The last time that happened was over 800 years ago, and it won't happen again until 2153.For many of Cummings' students, this event is a once in a lifetime opportunity. Cummings hopes learning about and witnessing the eclipse will inspire her students, and get them excited about science. It's an experience she expects them to remember for the rest of their lives. “This is a story you're gonna be able to tell，” she reflects before class.
In a grassy area outside the school, Cummings' eclipse simulation begins: Students take turns holding the inflatable globes, and casting a shadow with their play dough moons. Cummings directs them to aim the shadow over the spot on the globe where Indianapolis would be. It's a little chaotic, but the students quickly figure out how to properly position the moon's shadow over their hometown.
Thomas Hockey, a professor of astronomy at the University of Northern Iowa, says he didn't learn about solar eclipses when he was in grade school. He thinks the fact that elementary school teachers like Cummings are now teaching about them is an indication that science education has improved since he was a child. “Science is not done by old, gray haired people in lab coats, necessarily. Citizens can participate in it. It's not a magic black box; it's all around us，” Hockey says.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在印第安纳波利斯的温彻斯特小学，老师Natasha Cummings (娜塔莎·卡明斯)为了让学生们理解日全食的现象，设计了一次模拟日全食的活动，希望通过这种方式激发学生们对科学的兴趣。
5．How do the students probably feel when told about the new lesson
A．Frightened. B．Disappointed.
C．Astonished. D．Satisfied.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The second graders audibly ... explains the day's activity(当卡明斯解释当天的活动时，二年级学生都发出了短促的喘息声)”可推知，学生们对新课程感到惊讶。故选C。
6．Why is Cummings teaching her students about the eclipse
A．To improve their story telling skills.
B．To stir up their passion for science.
C．To witness a real total solar eclipse.
D．To seize a once in a lifetime chance.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Cummings hopes learning about ... get them excited about science.(卡明斯希望了解和目睹日全食会激励她的学生，让他们对科学感到兴奋。)”可知，Cummings教授日全食的目的是激发学生们对科学的热情。故选B。
7．What is Paragraph 3 of the text mainly about
A．The process of the simulation.
B．The direction of Cummings.
C．The position of the moon.
D．The reaction of the students.
答案：A
解析：段落大意题。根据第三段中的“In a grassy area outside the school ... Indianapolis would be.(在学校外面的一片草地上，卡明斯的日全食模拟开始了：学生们轮流拿着充气地球仪，用他们的橡皮泥月亮投下阴影。卡明斯指导他们将阴影对准地球仪上印第安纳波利斯所在的位置。)”可知，第三段主要描述了模拟日全食的过程。故选A。
8．What does Thomas Hockey suggest people do to learn science
A．Do experiments in lab coats.
B．Study hard in elementary school.
C．Participate in some magic tricks.
D．Experience scientific phenomena.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中Hockey (霍基)说的话“Science is not done by old ... it's all around us (科学并不一定是由穿着实验服、头发灰白的老人完成的。公民可以参与其中。科学不是一个神秘的黑盒子；它就在我们周围)”可推知，Hockey建议人们通过体验科学现象来学习科学。故选D。
1(共91张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
Unit 6 Space and beyond
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
课前预习自检
重点合作探究
课堂效果检测
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
３
课后课时作业
4
课前预习自检
The Call of the Challenger
“挑战者”号的呼唤
Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969, people have become accustomed to the notion of space travel.
自从1969年7月20日尼尔·阿姆斯特朗首次登月以来，人们已习惯于太空旅行这个概念。
Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets, their hearts in their mouths, aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was, and of the many things that could go wrong.
数百万人在黑白电视机前观看了首次登月，他们的心都激动得跳到了嗓子眼儿，因为大家都明白这是一项多么艰难、多么危险的任务，许多地方都可能出错。
With Armstrong's now famous words “That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind”， what had once been considered impossible had now been achieved.
伴随着阿姆斯特朗说出那句名言“这是个人的一小步，却是人类的一大步”，曾被认为是不可能的事情如今已经实现了。
Guided by a computer that was much less powerful than the ones used by today's average school students, all three astronauts of the Apollo 11 mission made it safely back to Earth.
执行“阿波罗11”号任务的三位宇航员在一台计算机的指导下都安全返回地球，这台计算机远不如当今普通学校的学生使用的计算机功能强大。
①____________________ 习惯于(做)某事
②_______ n. 概念；观点；看法
③_________ adj. 危险的，不安全的
④“主(all three ... mission)谓(made)宾(it)宾补(safely back to Earth)”。Guided by ... school students为过去分词短语作_____；其中that引导______从句，修饰先行词a computer；而used by ... 为过去分词短语作the ones的_________。
become accustomed to
notion
hazardous
状语
定语
后置定语
Following the Moon landings, space travel rapidly became unexceptional to the public, as innovations succeeded each other.
登月后，随着新事物接连出现，太空旅行迅速成为公众眼中的寻常之事。
By the early 1980s, the great rockets previously used in the American space programme had been replaced by the space shuttle.
20世纪80年代早期，以往美国太空计划中使用的大型火箭已被航天飞机所代替。
When the Challenger space shuttle took off on 28 January 1986, the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved.
当1986年1月28日“挑战者”号航天飞机起飞时，世界似乎已经不再对航天员所取得的惊人成就感到惊叹。
But this was going to be no ordinary excursion, and millions of people tuned in to witness the take off on TV.
但这将不是一次普通的旅行，数以百万计的人在电视上见证了这次起飞。
⑤_____________ adj. 平常的
⑥_______ n. 航天飞机
⑦______________航天飞机
⑧_________ n. (有特定目的的)短途旅行
⑨“主(space travel)系(became)表(unexceptional)”。Following the Moon landings为现在分词短语作______。
unexceptional
shuttle
the space shuttle
excursion
状语
It was special because Christa McAuliffe aged 37, an ordinary teacher and mother, was about to become the first civilian in space.
这次航行的特殊之处在于一位37岁名为克丽斯塔·麦考利夫的普通教师兼母亲将会成为第一位到访太空的普通公民。
She planned to give two 15 minute lessons from orbit: the first to demonstrate the controls of the spacecraft and explain how gravity worked, and the second to describe the objectives of the Challenger programme.
她计划在“挑战者”号沿轨道运行时讲两节课，每节15分钟。第一节课要展示航天器的操控装置，并解释一下引力是如何发挥作用的；第二节课要讲述“挑战者”号太空计划的目的。
Christa hoped to communicate a sense of excitement and rekindle interest in the space programme.
克丽斯塔希望传达出她的激动之情，重新燃起人们对太空计划的兴趣。
With the eyes of students across the nation upon her, she might have inspired an entirely new generation of astronauts and space scientists.
当全国学生的目光都聚集在她身上时，她或许能激发他们成为新一代宇航员和太空科学家。
⑩________ v. 重新激起，重新唤起
rekindle
Tragically, she never returned to her classroom as the shuttle exploded just over a minute after taking off in Florida, and all seven astronauts on board were killed.
令人悲痛的是，她再也没能回到她的课堂，因为航天飞机在佛罗里达州发射仅一分多钟后就发生了爆炸，机上七名宇航员全部遇难。
The world went into shock, most people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane.
整个世界都震惊了，大部分人都以为这次太空飞行不会比坐飞机更危险。
How wrong they had been!
他们都大错特错了！
Instantaneously, excitement and optimism turned into terror and failure.
瞬间，激动和乐观变为了恐惧和失败。
It was the most disastrous space accident ever, and it cast a shadow on people's hearts.
这是有史以来最惨烈的航天事故，给人们心里蒙上了阴影。
_________ adv. 悲惨地，不幸地
______________ adv. 瞬间地
________ n. 坏影响，阴影
_______________给……蒙上阴影
tragically
instantaneously
shadow
cast a shadow on
“ I can remember that day so clearly, watching the take off on TV at school， ” said one student.
一个学生回忆道：“我非常清楚地记得那天，我在学校通过电视观看发射场景。”
“ There was an ordinary teacher on the Challenger, and we were all very excited.
“有位普通教师在‘挑战者’号上，我们都非常激动。
We didn't have much patience waiting for the launch.
我们都迫不及待地等着发射。
We had seen the smiling faces of the astronauts waving to the world as they stepped into the shuttle.
我们看到宇航员在步入航天飞机时，笑容满面，向世界挥手致意。
Then, little more than a minute after take off, we saw a strange red and orange light in the sky, followed by a cloud of white smoke.
然后，发射仅仅一分多钟后，我们就看到空中奇异的红色和橙色的光芒，紧接着是一大团白烟。
The Challenger had exploded in mid air and we all started screaming.”
‘挑战者’号在半空中爆炸了，我们都开始尖叫。”
_______ v. (因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等)尖声大叫
scream
Following the shock of the Challenger disaster, space shuttle flights were suspended for nearly three years while the cause of the disaster was investigated, and some of the shuttle's components were redesigned.
“挑战者”号令人震惊的灾难发生后，航天飞机航行中止了近三年时间，同时调查事故原因，飞行器的部分零件被重新设计。
But there was never any doubt that manned flights would continue, and on 29 September 1988, the space shuttle programme resumed with the successful launch of Discovery.
但是毫无疑问，载人飞行还会继续，1988年9月29日，随着“发现”号的成功发射，航天飞机项目重新启动。
________ v. 暂停，中止
“主句(space shuttle flights ... years)＋时间状语从句(while the cause of ... redesigned)”。Following ... disaster为现在分词短语作______。
suspend
状语
It has now been over 30 years since the loss of Challenger and although the lives of its crew were cut tragically short, they take their place alongside the other heroes of space exploration, such as Gagarin, Tereshkova, Armstrong and Yang Liwei.
“挑战者”号失事至今已有30多年了。虽然“挑战者”号的机组人员不幸早逝，但他们与加加林、捷列什科娃、阿姆斯特朗和杨利伟等其他进行太空探索的英雄们一起，都在历史上占有一席之地。
The memory of those seven will live forever, written in the stars, inspiring us to join them in humanity's greatest journey of exploration and discovery.
他们七位的事迹将永存于世，书写在漫天星辰中，激励我们加入他们，共向致力于人类最伟大的探索和发现之旅。
The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars, no matter how distant they might seem.
“挑战者”号的牺牲召唤着、提醒着我们，不管星空看起来多么遥不可及，我们都要持之以恒地去探索。
______ n. (飞机上的)全体机组人员
“主(The sacrifice of the Challenger)谓(calls to)宾(us)”。reminding us that ... 为现在分词短语作状语，that引导_____从句，no matter how引导__________从句。
crew
宾语
让步状语
重点合作探究
1 shadow n. 坏影响，阴影(教材P83)
归纳 拓展
情景 助记
①The crisis in Europe's economy has cast a shadow on our own.
欧洲的经济危机为我们自己笼上了一层阴影。
②These people have been living for years under the shadow of fear.
这些人多年来一直生活在恐怖的阴影中。
③We should place it in shadow.
我们应该把它拿到阴凉的地方。
(1)单句语法填空
①He turned away from her, his face _____ shadow.
②He didn't want to cast a shadow _____ their happiness.
(2)单句表达
他一直活在他哥哥的影子中。
He has always lived _____________________ his brother.
in
on
in/under the shadow of
2 scream v. (因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等)尖声大叫(教材P84)
归纳 拓展
①The kids were screaming with excitement.
孩子们兴奋地尖叫着。
②Someone was screaming for help.
有人在大声呼救。
③Suddenly a hand touched her shoulder, and she let out a scream of terror.
突然一只手碰了她的肩膀，她吓得尖叫起来。
(1)单句语法填空
①The boys bobbed down the hill screaming ______ pleasure.
②The extremely frightened woman let _____ a scream and fainted away.
with
out
(2)单句表达
①汽艇呼啸着出海了。
The powerboat ____________ to sea.
②男孩当时还能大声呼救，但救护车一小时以后才到，那时已经太晚了。
The boy was able to _______________ at that time, but the ambulances didn't arrive until an hour later, which by then was too late.
screamed out
scream for help
3 suspend v. 暂停，中止(教材P84)
归纳 拓展
情景 助记
①Production has been suspended while safety checks are carried out.
在进行安全检查期间生产暂停。
②A lamp was suspended from the ceiling.
一盏吊灯悬在天花板上。
(1)单句语法填空
①Her body was found suspended _____ a rope.
②Julie was suspended ______ her job shortly after the incident.
by
from
(2)单句表达
①这些小动物可以用尾巴将自己倒挂在树枝上。
These small animals can _______________________ by their tails.
②他因有违职业道德的行为被停职六个月。
He received ______________________ for unprofessional behaviour.
suspend from the branches
a six－month suspension
1 become accustomed to 习惯于(做)某事(教材P82)
归纳 拓展
①Everyone will have to become accustomed to paying more for food.
每个人都将变得习惯于付更多的钱买食品。
②It took a while for me to accustom myself to all the new rules and regulations.
我花了一段时间才习惯所有新的规章制度。
(1)单句语法填空
①He is accustomed to ________ (get) up early，which is beneficial to his health.
②It took him a day to accustom ________ (he) to the idea.
(2)单句表达
我的眼睛渐渐适应了黑暗。
My eyes __________________________ the gloom.
getting
himself
were becoming accustomed to
2 call to 号召；呼唤；向……喊叫(教材P84)
归纳 拓展
①Conclude with a quote or call to action.
以一个引证结束，或者号召大家去行动。
②The knee jerk reaction to this is to call for proper security in all hospitals.
对此类状况的本能反应是要求所有医院都采取相应的安全措施。
③He refused to call off the game simply because of the rain.
他拒绝仅仅因为下雨就取消比赛。
④Go take your phone book and call up your good friends from the past.
拿起你的电话簿和过去的老朋友联系一下吧。
(1)用call的相关短语填空
①If the phone rings, say you'll _________ after dinner.
②_______ an architect or engineer to oversee the work.
③This train _______ Didcot and Reading.
call back
Call in
calls at
(2)单句表达
①让我们伸出援手，救助灾区数以千计的人们吧。
We __________________ to assist the thousands of victims in the disaster hit areas.
②他不能在走廊奔跑，不能插队，不能大声叫喊，或到处挥舞画笔。
He can't run in the halls, cut in line, ________， or swing his paintbrush around.
call on/upon all of us
call out
1 Guided by a computer that was much less powerful than the ones used by today's average school students, all three astronauts of the Apollo 11 mission made it safely back to Earth．(教材P82)
执行“阿波罗11”号任务的三位宇航员在一台计算机的指导下都安全返回地球，这台计算机远不如当今普通学校的学生使用的计算机功能强大。
剖析 made it safely back to Earth 为“make it to sp”结构，意为“成功到达某地”；而make it 自身也可以单独使用，表示 “获得成功”。
归纳 拓展
①I thought he would be too old to get to the top of the mountain, but he made it at last.
我原以为他年纪大爬不到山顶，但最后他还是爬上去了。
②Let's make it at seven o'clock on Tuesday morning at my office.
我们把时间定在星期二早上七点，地点就在我办公室。
③We are too late; I don't think we can make it.
我们太迟了，我想我们难以准时赶到了。
④He had a high fever, but it doesn't mean he couldn't make it.
他发高烧，但这并不意味着他挺不过去。
(1)写出下列句中make it的含义
①The doctors think he's going to make it.______
②The flight leaves in twenty minutes—we'll never make it._________
③Let's make it at 9：30 next Friday._________
④I don't think we'll make it, but let's try anyway._________
(2)单句表达
医生知道那个病人没什么希望了。
The doctor knew that the patient _____________________.
痊愈
准时到达
确定时间
获得成功
was unlikely to make it
2 When the Challenger space shuttle took off on 28 January 1986, the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved.(教材P82～83)
当“挑战者”号航天飞机于1986年1月28日发射时，对于宇航员所获得的令人惊叹的成就，全世界似乎已经失去了新鲜感。
剖析 seem在此处用作系动词，意为“似乎；好像”，本句中seemed to have lost表示lose这一动作发生在took off之前，用不定式的完成式。
归纳 拓展
①It seems that the more time a bird spends in trees, the more likely it is to hop.
似乎鸟在树上待的时间越久，就越有可能跳跃。
②He seemed to be just the right sort for the job.
他似乎正是干这个工作的合适人选。
③There seemed to be a high probability of success.
成功的几率似乎很高。
(1)单句语法填空
①He seemed ______ (be) a good man, well thought of by all.
②_______ seems to be some fault in the computer, and we're just looking into it.
(2)单句表达
①特别令人担忧的是，似乎没有任何人在负责。
It is particularly worrying that nobody __________ in charge.
②暴风雨似乎并没有影响到她。
_____________ the storm meant nothing to her.
to be
There
seems to be
It seemed that
课堂效果检测
Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子
1．A ________ (阴影) passed over the kindly face of the old woman.
2．The mission for the ______ (全体机组人员) of the space shuttle Endeavour is essentially over.
3．________ (尖声大叫) it out loud if you must: I am lucky to be alive!
4．The report calls for a ban on the import of __________ (危险的) waste.
5．I have arranged with my classmates for an _________ (短途出行) to the beach.
shadow
crew
Scream
hazardous
excursion
6．We also need to abandon the n_______ that agriculture can be “zero impact”．
7．The space s_______ returned safely today from a 10 day mission.
8．We are trying to r________ our friendship with our extended family.
9．Since then, Michael has lived an u____________ life.
10．Most t________， they have caused the loss of many innocent lives.
otion
huttle
ekindle
nexceptional
ragically
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．They have no way to dispose of the __________ (hazard) waste they produce.
2．In those days, the trip across country was a dangerous _________ (undertake)．
3．More than one person _________________ (concern) in this event.
4．He was a person accustomed ____ having eight hours' sleep a night.
5．The crew _____ (be) of different nationalities and have no common language.
hazardous
undertaking
has been concerned
to
are
6．I think the hotel was comfortable but ____________ (exceptional).
7．The police officer _____________ (suspend) while the complaint was investigated.
8．Obviously I'd be disappointed if we don't make ____， but it wouldn't be the end of the world.
9．Electricity can pass ______________ (instantaneous) over any length of wire no matter how long.
10．_________ (tragic) he committed suicide when the investment went wrong.
unexceptional
was suspended
it
instantaneously
Tragically
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．The scandal _______________ his career.
2．First of all, walking out of _______________ is an amazing experience.
3．The plane _________ an hour late because of bad weather.
4．The match had just begun when the heavens opened and play _____________．
5．This is the first time I have left my country and ___________ foreign soil.
cast a shadow on
the space shuttle
took off
was suspended
set foot on
set foot on, take off, cast a shadow on, suspend, the space shuttle
Ⅳ.单句表达
1．新时代呼唤我们，说我们应该努力取得更多成就，做得更好。
The new era _________， saying that we should strive to achieve more and do better.
2．她似乎总是生活在她父亲的阴影下。
She seemed to have always been __________________ her father.
3．球迷一看见他都激动得大喊大叫。
The fans _______________________ when they saw him.
calls to us
under the shadow of
screamed with excitement
4．汤姆心惊胆战地走近那奇怪的声音。
Tom moved toward the strange sounds ________________________．
5．你和你哥哥都不是很细心的人，你们两个都不适合做这需要细心和技巧的工作。
You are _______________ than your brother; you two can't do the work that needs care and skill.
with his heart in his mouth
no more careful
课后课时作业
较易题(占比0%) 中档题(占比100%) 拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ A B
难度 ★★ ★★ ★★
Ⅰ 完形填空
When the Apollo astronauts landed on the moon in 1969, millions of people were rather sad. The person to __1__ for this was an artist named Chesley Bonestell. For many years, Bonestell had been creating __2__ detailed paintings of the moon and planets. Viewers of his artwork were unhappy __3__ the real moon did not look like Bonestell's pictures of it. As a space artist, Bonestell tried to make his drawings look exciting and as true as the moon is. He worked closely with __4__ and scientists to get the most up to date scientific information available. But in the 1940s and 1950s, no one __5__ another planet up close. Yet Bonestell's paintings looked so real that some people thought they were __6__．
Even though Bonestell was interested in astronomy, he did not __7__ his career as a space artist. As a young man he studied architecture—the art and science of __8__ and making buildings. In 1938 Bonestell became a special effects artist in Hollywood. It was here __9__ he learned he could improve his paintings by following the methods used in the __10__．
In 1944, a popular magazine published a series of Bonestell's paintings of the planet Saturn (土星). He drew Saturn as if it were seen by someone standing on each of the planet's moons. The effects were __11__. Within a few years, Bonestell's artwork was appearing regularly in magazines and books __12__ astronomy and space flight.
Many of Bonestell's artworks had been right all along. __13__ the biggest surprise was the moon. Someone asked Bonestell what he was thinking when he saw the first pictures from the moon. “I thought how __14__ I was！” he said. “My mountains were sharp (陡峭的), and they aren't on the moon.”
But he shouldn't have felt bad. No space artist had ever before taken so many people to so many faraway worlds. In the years just before the first manned space flights, Bonestell's artworks prepared people for the amazing space adventure __15__．
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。太空美术师Chesley Bonestell (切斯利·博内斯特尔)在载人宇宙飞船探索太空之前，用画作让人们提前对太空有所了解，并对太空探索有所准备。
1．A.apply B．seek
C．blame D．agree
解析：根据下文“Viewers of his ... pictures of it.”可知，此事应归咎于Bonestell。故选C。
2．A.beautifully B．dreadfully
C．falsely D．completely
解析：根据下文“Bonestell tried to make his drawings look exciting and as true as the moon is”可知，Bonestell为月球和行星创作的画是精美的。故选A。
3．A.because B．since
C．when D．provided
解析：句意：观看他的作品的人很不高兴，因为真正的月亮看起来不像Bonestell的画作中的月亮。上下文表示因果关系，应用连词because表示“因为”。故选A。
4．A.architects B．astronauts
C．analysts D．astronomers
解析：architect 建筑师；astronaut 宇航员；analyst 分析者；astronomer 天文学家。根据下文“to get the most up to date scientific information available”可知，他与天文学家和科学家一起合作来获取最新的科学信息。故选D。
5．A.would see B．had seen
C．was seeing D．have seen
解析：时间状语in the 1940s and 1950s为过去时间，且“看到”这一动作对过去造成影响，设空处应用过去完成时。故选B。
6．A.profiles B．photographs
C．posters D．patents
解析：profile 简介；photograph 照片；poster 海报；patent 专利。根据上文“Bonestell's paintings looked so real”可知，人们认为Bonestell的画是照片。故选B。
7．A.take on B．take in
C．take up D．take off
解析：句意：尽管Bonestell对天文学感兴趣，但他并没有从事太空艺术家的职业。take on 承担；take in 吸收；take up 开始从事；take off 起飞。故选C。
8．A.drawing B．outlining
C．photographing D．designing
解析：draw 画画；outline 概述；photograph 摄影；design 设计。此处指他学习设计和建造建筑的艺术和科学。故选D。
9．A.where B．which
C．that D．why
解析：本句为强调句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分，此处强调的是地点状语here，设空处应用that。故选C。
10．A.magazines B．movies
C．advertisements D．media
解析：根据上文“In 1938 Bonestell became a special effects artist in Hollywood.”以及常识可知，Bonestell在好莱坞学会了使用电影中的方法来改进自己的绘画。故选B。
11．A.impressive B．disappointing
C．scary D．ambiguous
解析： impressive 令人印象深刻的；disappointing 令人失望的；scary 可怕的；ambiguous 模棱两可的。根据上文“as if it were seen by someone”和下文“Within a few years ... astronomy and space flight.”可知，画作的效果是令人印象深刻的。故选A。
12．A.in B．of
C．at D．on
解析：句意：几年内，Bonestell的作品定期出现在有关天文学和太空飞行的杂志和书籍上。on “关于”。故选D。
13．A.Still B．And
C．But D．Even
解析:根据下文“My mountains ... on the moon.”可知，此处表示转折关系，应用连词but表示“但是”。故选C。
14．A.right B．wrong
C．thrilled D．successful
解析： right 正确的；wrong 错误的；thrilled 激动的；successful 成功的。根据下文“My mountains were sharp (陡峭的), and they aren't on the moon.”可知，此处表示Bonestell认为自己的画是错误的，和月球真实的情况不符合。故选B。
15．A.coming B．to come
C．came D．would come
解析：句意：在第一次载人航天飞行之前的几年里，Bonestell的艺术作品让人们为即将到来的惊人太空探险做好了准备。此处表示动作即将发生，应用不定式作后置定语，修饰the amazing space adventure。故选B。
Ⅱ 阅读
A
Scientists attach great importance to identifying and tracking near Earth objects because some of them could present threats to our planet. With this in mind, NASA launched a spacecraft last November that aimed to demonstrate a possible defensive method against asteroids that might threaten the earth.
Historically, the American space agency NASA used powerful ground based telescopes and its NEOWISE spacecraft to identify asteroids and other near－Earth objects, NASA also used tracking systems to follow the movements of asteroids.
Recently, scientists have used a new tool to discover more than 100 asteroids that had not been identified before. The new tool used a complex computing method, which was also called an algorithm, to search for asteroids that had not been discovered before. They were not discoverable because existing telescopes and image examination tools could not recognize them.
The discovery of 104 new asteroids was announced by the American－based non－profit Asteroid Institute. The organization hoped the new asteroid search tool would lead to the discovery of more asteroids in the coming years. The Asteroid Institute, which is part of the B612 Foundation, explained on its website that it aimed to combine computer science, instrumentation and astronomy to find and track asteroids. Ed Lu, who is the director of the B612 Foundation and also a former NASA astronaut, said, “Discovering and tracking asteroids is key to understanding our solar system, promoting the development of space and protecting our planet from asteroid impacts.”
The institute called its discovery tool Asteroid Discovery Analysis and Mapping, or ADAM. This system used the algorithm to link points of light in different sky images that were consistent with asteroid orbits. The tool was trained to find asteroids based on existing data and to calculate their orbits well enough to be recognized by international astronomy organizations. Joachim Moeyens, a researcher from the University of Washington said the latest identifications were just the beginning. He predicted the asteroid search tool would result in thousands of new discoveries in the future.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家利用科技工具发现新的小行星，并介绍了这一工具的工作原理和优势。
1．What is the purpose of identifying and tracking near Earth objects
A．To prove the power of telescopes.
B．To make existing data more accurate.
C．To prevent possible threats to the earth.
D．To follow the movements of new asteroids.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Scientists attach ... to our planet.”可知，识别和跟踪近地天体的目的是防止近地天体对地球可能造成的威胁。故选C。
2．How were 104 new asteroids found
A．By using ADAM.
B．By using satellites.
C．By using NEOWISE spacecraft.
D．By using ground－based telescopes.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The new tool ... been discovered before.(这个新工具使用了一种复杂的计算方法，也被称为算法，来搜索以前没有发现的小行星。)”和最后一段中的“The institute called its discovery tool Asteroid Discovery Analysis and Mapping, or ADAM.(该研究所将其发现工具称为小行星发现分析和测绘工具，简称为ADAM。)”可知，104颗新的小行星是通过使用ADAM发现的。故选A。
3．What is Joachim Moeyens's attitude to the asteroid search tool
A．Doubtful. B．Hopeful.
C．Carefree. D．Unclear.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Joachim Moeyens ... in the future.”可知，华盛顿大学的研究人员Joachim Moeyens(约阿希姆·默伊斯)表示，最新的发现只是一个开始。他预测，这款小行星搜索工具将为未来带来数千个新发现。由此可推知，Joachim Moeyens对小行星搜索工具的态度是充满希望的。故选B。
4．What is the best title for the text
A．The Methods of Astronomy Being Further Developed
B．Fewer Than One Hundred Asteroids Have Been Found
C．Scientists Used a Technology Tool to Discover New Asteroids
D．The Importance of Protecting Our Planet From Asteroid Impacts
解析：标题判断题。通读全文，尤其根据第三段内容可知，文章主要介绍了科学家利用科技工具发现新的小行星，以及这一工具的工作原理和优势。由此可知，C项(科学家使用技术工具发现新的小行星)最适合作为文章标题。故选C。
B
It's a sunny March afternoon at Winchester Village Elementary School in Indianapolis, and teacher Natasha Cummings is leading her class in a brand new lesson. It's the first time she's teaching it and also likely the last. The second graders audibly take a short quick breath when Cummings explains the day's activity: They'll be simulating a total solar eclipse (日全食) using the real sun, an inflatable globe and a moon made out of a play dough ball mounted on a stick.
On April 8, a narrow strip of North America will experience a total solar eclipse, in which the moon entirely covers the sun, darkening the sky so that only the sun's corona, a ghostly white ring, will be visible. Indianapolis is one of several cities in the path of totality. The last time that happened was over 800 years ago, and it won't happen again until 2153.For many of Cummings' students, this event is a once in a lifetime opportunity. Cummings hopes learning about and witnessing the eclipse will inspire her students, and get them excited about science. It's an experience she expects them to remember for the rest of their lives. “This is a story you're gonna be able to tell，” she reflects before class.
In a grassy area outside the school, Cummings' eclipse simulation begins: Students take turns holding the inflatable globes, and casting a shadow with their play dough moons. Cummings directs them to aim the shadow over the spot on the globe where Indianapolis would be. It's a little chaotic, but the students quickly figure out how to properly position the moon's shadow over their hometown.
Thomas Hockey, a professor of astronomy at the University of Northern Iowa, says he didn't learn about solar eclipses when he was in grade school. He thinks the fact that elementary school teachers like Cummings are now teaching about them is an indication that science education has improved since he was a child. “Science is not done by old, gray haired people in lab coats, necessarily. Citizens can participate in it. It's not a magic black box; it's all around us，” Hockey says.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在印第安纳波利斯的温彻斯特小学，老师Natasha Cummings (娜塔莎·卡明斯)为了让学生们理解日全食的现象，设计了一次模拟日全食的活动，希望通过这种方式激发学生们对科学的兴趣。
5．How do the students probably feel when told about the new lesson
A．Frightened. B．Disappointed.
C．Astonished. D．Satisfied.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The second graders audibly ... explains the day's activity(当卡明斯解释当天的活动时，二年级学生都发出了短促的喘息声)”可推知，学生们对新课程感到惊讶。故选C。
6．Why is Cummings teaching her students about the eclipse
A．To improve their story telling skills.
B．To stir up their passion for science.
C．To witness a real total solar eclipse.
D．To seize a once in a lifetime chance.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Cummings hopes learning about ... get them excited about science.(卡明斯希望了解和目睹日全食会激励她的学生，让他们对科学感到兴奋。)”可知，Cummings教授日全食的目的是激发学生们对科学的热情。故选B。
7．What is Paragraph 3 of the text mainly about
A．The process of the simulation.
B．The direction of Cummings.
C．The position of the moon.
D．The reaction of the students.
解析：段落大意题。根据第三段中的“In a grassy area outside the school ... Indianapolis would be.(在学校外面的一片草地上，卡明斯的日全食模拟开始了：学生们轮流拿着充气地球仪，用他们的橡皮泥月亮投下阴影。卡明斯指导他们将阴影对准地球仪上印第安纳波利斯所在的位置。)”可知，第三段主要描述了模拟日全食的过程。故选A。
8．What does Thomas Hockey suggest people do to learn science
A．Do experiments in lab coats.
B．Study hard in elementary school.
C．Participate in some magic tricks.
D．Experience scientific phenomena.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中Hockey (霍基)说的话“Science is not done by old ... it's all around us (科学并不一定是由穿着实验服、头发灰白的老人完成的。公民可以参与其中。科学不是一个神秘的黑盒子；它就在我们周围)”可推知，Hockey建议人们通过体验科学现象来学习科学。故选D。
