英语 选择性必修 第四册[WY]
Section Ⅱ Using language—Grammar & Integrated skills
Grammar 情态动词(复习)
①You must be hungry after all that walking.
②He can't know the secret.
③He was a contemporary of Freud and may have known him.
④I don't want to take away from his achievements, but he couldn't have done it without my help.
⑤The content of the course depends on what the students would like to study.
⑥Could I sleep on it and let you know tomorrow
(1)①～④句表示推测，其中③④句表示对________所发生事情的推测。
(2)⑤句表示说话人的意愿，意为“________”。⑥句表示礼貌地请求别人做事，意为“________”。
答案：(1)过去 (2)愿意 能否
(一)could, should, would的用法
1．could的用法
(1)表示过去一般的能力(即在过去有做某事的能力)。
Could you speak English then
那时你会说英语吗？
若表示过去的特定能力(即在过去特定场合做某事的能力)，常不用could，而应用was (were) able to do sth或用managed to do sth或用succeeded in doing sth等。 The fire was very big but everyone was able to escape from the building. 火势很凶猛，但大家都从大楼里逃了出来。
(2)could表示推测，既可用于肯定句，也可用于否定句。表示某事有可能发生或可能是事实。在肯定句中没有must那么有把握；在否定句中没有can't那么有把握。
He could have gone home.
他可能已经回家了。
He couldn't be a bad man.
他不太可能是坏人。
(3)表示委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。
Could you drive me to the station
你可以开车送我去车站吗？
We could take the train or alternatively go by car.
我们可以坐火车去，也可以坐汽车去。
(4)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。
How could he say such a thing!
他竟然说出这种话来！
(5)could have done表示“可能已经……”，指对过去已经发生的事情的推测。此外，它还可以表示“本能够做某事(而没有做)”，暗含惋惜之情。
You could have done better if you had been more careful.
要是再细心一点，你原本可以做得更好。
2．should的用法
(1)表示义务、建议、劝告，意为“应该”，用于各种人称。其同义词是ought to。
Every citizen should obey the law.
每个公民都应当遵守法律。
You shouldn't waste any time.
你不应该浪费任何时间。
(2)表示推测：用于肯定句，表示按常规、常理的推测，意为“按理说应该”。
The film should be very good as it is starring first class actors.
这部电影是一流演员主演的，按理说应该拍得很好。
If all goes according to plan we should be in Shanghai tomorrow.
如果一切按照计划进行，明天我们就在上海了。
(3)表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外、惊异等，意为“竟然会”。
It is a pity that he should miss such a golden opportunity.
他竟然错过如此大好机会，真可惜。
(4)用于某些从句中表示虚拟语气，而should常可省略。
She suggested that they (should) book the ticket in advance.
她建议他们应该提前订票。
(5)should have done sth表示“本应该做某事(而事实上并没有做)”。
shouldn't have done sth表示“本不该做某事(而事实上做了)”。
I should have known he could not keep anything secret. I really shouldn't have told him that.
我本该知道他不会保守任何秘密。我真不该告诉他那件事。
3．would的用法
(1)表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。在疑问句中用于第二人称。
Would you please lend me your pencil
请问我可以借下你的铅笔吗？
(2)表示意愿，在陈述语气和虚拟语气中都可使用。
He would not leave before he finished his work.
他没完成工作前不愿离开。
(3)表示过去的习惯、例行的活动或过去的一种倾向。
He would sit at the table, deep in thought.
他总是坐在桌子旁，陷入沉思。
(4)用在虚拟语气的主句中。
If you went to see him, he would be delighted.
如果你去看他，他一定很高兴。
She would have come if she hadn't been so busy.
要不是忙，她早就来了。
(1)用适当的情态动词填空
①When I lived at my grandma's home, I ________ watch TV whenever I wanted.
②If I were you, I ________ donate the money to the charity.
③Their friends suggested they ________ put up their prices.
④________ you be kind enough to close the window
⑤How ________ you allow him to do something like that
答案：①could ②would ③should/不填 ④Would ⑤could
(2)单句表达
①他不可能在那里见过她。
He ______________ her there.
②他说过他一便士都不愿借给我。
He said that he ______________ me a penny.
③她不应该在你面前说这种事情。
She ________________ such things in your hearing.
④他不大关心钱，尽管他本来应该很富有。
He had little concern for money, though he ________________ extremely wealthy.
⑤他应该能够过上完全正常的生活。
He ______________ able to lead a perfectly normal life.
答案：①couldn't have seen ②wouldn't lend
③shouldn't have said ④could have been
⑤should be
(二)情态动词表示推测
1．情态动词表示推测的三种句式
(1)在肯定句中一般用must(一定)，may(可能)，might/could (也许，或许)。
You have worked hard all day. You must be tired.
你辛苦工作了一整天，一定累了。
The thought that she might be ill annoyed him.
一想到她也许生病了，他就不安。
(2)否定句中用can't/couldn't (不可能)，may not/might not(可能不)。
If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet.
如果汤姆五点才从这里离开，他此时不可能到家。
We might buy it but then again we might not.
我们可能买，不过也可能不买。
(3)疑问句中用can/could (可能……？)。
Can he be at home now
他现在可能在家吗？
Could he have finished the task
他可能把任务完成了吗？
用适当的情态动词填空
①It ________ be the headmaster. He has gone to America.
②Smoking ________ be banned totally in most buildings.
③I'm sorry, she's not here; she ________ have left already.
④My mother ________ be very unpleasant at times.
⑤________ they be having a bath
答案：①can't/couldn't ②might ③must ④could ⑤Can/Could
2．情态动词表示推测的三种时态
(1)对将来情况的推测，用“情态动词＋动词原形”。
She must/may/might/could arrive before 5.
5点前她一定/可能/也许到。
(2)对现在或一般情况的推测，用“情态动词＋be”或“情态动词＋be doing”或“情态动词＋动词原形”。
At this moment, our teacher must/may/might/could be correcting our exam papers.
这个时候，我们老师一定/可能/也许在批改试卷。
Today is Sunday, and he can't be at school.
今天是星期天，他不可能在学校。
(3)对过去情况的推测，用“情态动词＋have＋过去分词”。
I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep.
我刚才没有听到电话，我一定是睡着了。
The door was locked. He can not have been at home.
门锁着，他不可能在家。
3．情态动词表示推测的特殊用法
(1)can除了表示推测，用于疑问句和否定句中外，还可以用于肯定句中，表示“在某段时间内一时的可能性”。
It can be quite windy there, especially in spring.
那里有时会刮风，特别是在春季。
(2)must表示“一定，非得；偏要”，语气强烈。
If you must ask for a leave today, you must give out your reason.
如果今天你非得请假的话，你必须说出理由。
(1)单句语法填空
①She might ________ (kill) if the neighbours hadn't intervened.
②He reasoned that if we started at dawn, we ________ arrive before noon.
③He must ________ (work) in his office at the moment.
答案：①have been killed ②could/might ③be working
(2)选词填空(can/must)
①Betty ________ be in the next room; I can hear her talking there.
②Scotland ________ be very warm in September.
答案：①must ②can
Vocabulary
submit v. 提交(教材P89)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①The plan will be submitted to the committee for official approval.
该计划将递交委员会正式批准。
②If I submitted to their demands, they would not press the allegations.
如果那时我顺从他们的要求，他们就不会坚持那些指控了。
③He submitted himself to a search by the guards.
他只好让卫兵搜查。
④His response was one of resistance, not submission.
他的反应是抵抗，而不是屈服。
(1)单句语法填空
①He was faced with two alternatives—death or ________ (submit)．
②She refused to submit ________ threats.
答案：①submission ②to
(2)单句表达
①我们应该尽早向理事会提交报告。
We should ____________________ the council as early as possible.
②我不得不接受妥协。
I have to ____________________ the compromise.
答案：①submit our report to ②submit myself to
Ⅰ.根据语境及首字母提示完成句子
1．The galloping horses he paints are extremely l________．
答案：lifelike
2．Loren Carpenter launches an airplane flight s________ on the screen.
答案：simulator
3．The wide plain, with thousands of animals on the move, was an a________ spectacle.
答案：awesome
4．You need to s________ your entry by the 1st of August.
答案：submit
5．The experiments were carried out under s________ examination conditions.
答案：simulated
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．________ you mind leaving us alone for a few minutes
答案：Would
2．The money has disappeared; who ________ have taken it
答案：could
3．Look at the time; we should ________ (be) at the theatre ten minutes ago.
答案：have been
4．You can't smoke here; go out of the house if you ________．
答案：must
5．They ________ be having a meeting, but I'm not sure.
答案：might
6．It was really annoying; I ________ get access to the data bank you had recommended.
答案：couldn't
7．The company uses the ________ (simulate) to market test new designs.
答案：simulator
8．They submitted their reports ________ the Chancellor yesterday.
答案：to
9．It ________ be snowing now, according to the weather forecast.
答案：should
10．Jim says we ________ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy.
答案：can
Ⅲ.单句表达
1．最近，我姐和我有机会为两个完全陌生的老人做些好事。
Recently, my sister and I ________________________ for two elderly people who were complete strangers to us.
答案：had the chance to do something good
2．难怪你累了呢，你一直走了好几个小时。
________________________， you've been walking for hours.
答案：No wonder you're tired
3．她可能在伦敦、巴黎或者东京——谁也不知道。
She ______________ London or Paris or Tokyo—nobody knows.
答案：could be in
4．那不可能是玛丽，因为她在住院。
That ______________ Mary, for she is in hospital.
答案：can't be
5．他现在肯定在阅览室读报。
He ________________ newspapers in the reading room now.
答案：must be reading
6．他当时要是按时服药，也许可以对他有帮助。
The pills ______________________ him, if only he'd taken them regularly.
答案：might have helped
7．我想报名参加一些环境委员会的志愿者工作。
I'd like to ________________ some voluntary work with the environment council.
答案：sign up for
8．劳驾，请问你能告诉我到车站的路怎么走吗？
______________ kindly show me the way to the station
答案：Would you
9．迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公交车来上班的。
Mike __________________ his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.
答案：can't have found
10．在经常下雨的国家里，我们竟然会缺水，这简直是荒谬！
It is ridiculous that we __________________________ in a country where it is always raining!
答案：should be short of water
较易题(占比25%) 中档题(占比75%) 拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
A B
难度 ★ ★★ ★★ ★★
Ⅰ 阅读
A
Scientists working in NASA say they have made a significant discovery that a huge star seems to have disappeared from the universe. The star is part of the Kinman Dwarf galaxy, pictures of which were taken in the past by a camera attached to NASA's Hubble Space Telescope. But since the galaxy is so far away, researchers have not been able to clearly observe its stars. Astronomers had, however, identified important “signatures”， or signs, that the massive star existed. Now they are searching for answers to why it is no longer possible to see them．
A team of scientists from the European Southern Observatory reported it had been observing the star with its Very Large Telescope, VLT, for at least 10 years. The team said its observations repeatedly showed evidence that the Kinman Dwarf galaxy contained the massive star, which was estimated to be about 2.5 million times brighter than our sun. Researchers said the evidence suggested that the star was “in a late stage of its evolution”. They added that the star was a kind considered to be “unstable”. This means it could go through major changes in brightness or lose some of its mass.
Andrew Allan, the project's leader, said the researchers wanted to learn more about how massive stars end their lives. The massive object observed in the Kinman Dwarf galaxy seemed like the perfect target. But when astronomers turned the VLT toward the distant galaxy in 2019, they could no longer find any signs of the massive star. “Instead, we were surprised that the star had disappeared，” Allan said in a statement.
The astronomers are now exploring two possibilities. The first is that the star might have become less bright and could be partly blocked by dust. The other possibility is that it collapsed into a black hole without producing a super powerful explosion.
The astronomers plan to keep observing the galaxy for signs of the missing star. They will likely need to wait a few years before confirming what happened to this particular star.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。美国宇航局的科学家们表示，一颗巨大的恒星似乎已经从宇宙中消失，他们正在探索它消失的两种可能性。
1．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 1 refer to
A．The stars. B．The galaxies.
C．The signatures. D．The astronomers.
答案：C
解析：指代判断题。根据第一段中的“Astronomers had, however ... to see them．(然而，天文学家已经发现了这颗大质量恒星存在的重要“特征”或迹象。现在，他们正在寻找为什么看不到它们的答案。)”可知，them指代的是上一句出现过的复数名词signatures “特征”。故选C。
2．What do we know about the massive star
A．It was once clearly observed.
B．It experienced a temporary change.
C．It could only be traced with the VLT.
D．It evidently existed in the distant galaxy.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“showed evidence that the Kinman Dwarf galaxy contained the massive star”及“the evidence suggested that the star was ‘in a late stage of its evolution’”可知，有证据表明，大质量恒星确实存在于遥远的星系中。故选D。
3．Which of the following might explain the disappearance of the massive star
A．It exploded.
B．It lost some of its mass.
C．It evolved into a black hole.
D．It was damaged by dust and became less bright.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The other possibility is ... super powerful explosion.(另一种可能性是，它坍缩成一个黑洞，而没有产生超级强大的爆炸。)”可知，“它进化成了一个黑洞”也许可以解释大质量恒星消失的原因。故选C。
B
Richard Browning has been attracted by flight ever since his father took him into the hills to fly gliders (滑翔机). He has certainly been an adventurer. Richard took it upon himself to develop his own jet suit and began to experiment with some of his friends. He made quick progress. In 2017, he felt confident enough to start a company called Gravity Industries that could make jet suits. It took 15 months to develop the very first one.
Five very small jet engines are built into the jet suit. These are powered by kerosene (煤油). Two engines are located on the pilot's arms and one is placed on the back. Each engine weighs less than two kilos and can produce 22 kilos of thrust (推力).
The pilot is able to control the direction and speed of the flight. He does this by small movements of the arms which require hours of practice. One wrong move and you could end up falling to the ground.
Richard is not only in charge of his company; he is also the chief test pilot. He has spent hours and hours perfecting the correct moves to create a perfect flight. He was able to enter the Guinness Book of World Records in 2017 when he became the fastest man in a jet suit and flew at 51 kilometres per hour. Since then, he has presented his jet suit at 60 events in 20 different countries around the world. More recently, he flew alongside Brighton Pier on the south coast of England at 136 kilometres per hour!
The objective of Richard's company has been to build a suit which members of the public can buy. The first went on sale in a department store in 2018 for ￡340，000. If you want to jet around your own hometown, it's time to start saving—or to work for Richard Browning.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了热爱飞行的Richard Browning (理查德·勃朗宁)通过坚持不懈的实验最后成功开发出处于世界领先地位的飞行服。
4．What do we know about Richard
A．He was absorbed in flight.
B．He is no stranger to misfortune.
C．He is slow in making up his mind.
D．He started his company with his father.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Richard Browning has been attracted by flight ever since his father took him into the hills to fly gliders (滑翔机)．”可知，他被飞行吸引。故选A。
5．What can be inferred about Richard's jet suit
A．It is easy to control.
B．It is quite lightweight.
C．It consists of two engines.
D．It leads the world in its field.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“He was able to ... at 51 kilometres per hour.”可知，2017年，他成为世界上最快的飞行服驾驶员，从而进入了吉尼斯世界纪录。由此可推知，Richard的飞行服在该领域处于世界领先地位。故选D。
6．What does Richard expect of the jet suit according to the last paragraph
A．It'll be much faster.
B．It'll save more energy.
C．It'll reach ordinary customers soon.
D．It'll ease his hometown's heavy traffic.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The objective of Richard's company ... the public can buy.(理查德公司的目标是制造一种公众可以购买的飞行服。)”可知，Richard希望普通消费者很快就能买到他们的飞行服。故选C。
7．What can we learn from Richard's story
A. Being good is different from being great.
B．He who makes no mistakes makes nothing.
C．One cannot succeed without time and practice.
D．Luck, talent and friendship help to achieve success.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“It took 15 months to develop the very first one.”可知，Richard带领团队用了15个月才制作出第一件飞行服；根据倒数第二段中的“He has spent ... create a perfect flight.”可知，Richard通过坚持不懈地练习才得以穿着飞行服实现完美的飞行。因此，我们可以从Richard的故事中学到：没有时间和实践，一个人不可能成功。故选C。
Ⅱ 七选五
It won't sound like a big surprise when I tell you that kindness plays an important role in a person's wellbeing. It can lead to changes like higher self esteem (自尊心) and lower blood pressure. Even just witnessing acts of kindness can make us happier.
__1__ “From giving away a cup of hot chocolate in a park to giving away a gift in the lab, those performing an act of kindness consistently underestimated how positive their receivers would feel, thinking their act was of less value than receivers perceived it to be，” states a study.
__2__ Yet, why is there this difference between what we think someone will feel from an act of kindness versus what they do feel Why do we underestimate the impact we have on others
Many of us don't have a real sense of our value. It's been estimated that as many as 85 percent of people struggle with low self esteem. __3__ This “voice” tends to shift our focus inward assessing our every move, and having bad effect on our relationships.
Unlike a conscience (良心), this inner critic doesn't motivate positive behavior. __4__ It encourages us to hold back feeding us thoughts like, “Don't stick your neck out”； “No one wants to hear from you”； and “You're going to make a fool of yourself.”
One wonderful way to fight against our critical inner voice is through acts of being kind to others. __5__ We must also try to see ourselves through the eyes of the people we affect. The degree to which we're able to do that will help determine our own happiness along with the happiness we light up in others.
A．However, the work doesn't stop there.
B．People may lower the value of their own kind comments.
C．We all carry around a “critical inner voice” that tends to put us down.
D．Instead of seeing what we have to offer, we may think of ourselves as a burden.
E．This misunderstanding suggests that people devalue their own actions in relation to others.
F．Instead, it turns us against ourselves, making us underestimate our beneficial effect on others.
G．Yet, people may not truly know the impact that even the smallest of kind acts can have on another person.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了善良在一个人的幸福中起着重要作用，要摒弃自我内心批判，同时看到对他人的积极影响，这将有助于决定我们自己的幸福以及我们在他人身上点燃的幸福。
1．答案：G
解析：设空处位于句首，为该段主旨句，根据后文“those performing an act ... their receivers would feel”可知，表现善意的人低估了自己的行为对他人的影响。G项(然而，人们可能并没有真正了解哪怕是最小的善举也会对另一个人产生什么影响。)概括后文内容，且G项中的“even the smallest of kind acts”对应后文的“From giving away ... in the lab”。故选G。
2．答案：E
解析：后文“Yet, why is there ... we have on others？(然而，为什么我们认为某人会从善意行为中感受到的与他们的真实感受之间存在差异？为什么我们低估了我们对他人的影响？)”提出了一系列的疑问。E项(这种误解表明，人们会贬低自己对于他人的行为。)引出后文，且E项中的“devalue”对应后文的“underestimate”。故选E。
3．答案：C
解析：后文“This ‘voice’ tends to ... on our relationships.(这种‘声音’倾向于将我们的注意力转移到评估我们的一举一动，并对我们的关系产生不良影响。)”提出这种“声音”是一种产生消极影响的声音。C项(我们都有一种“批判的内心声音”，这种声音往往会让我们失望。)引出后文，且“voice”为词汇复现。故选C。
4．答案：F
解析：前文“Unlike a conscience (良心), this inner critic doesn't motivate positive behavior.(与良心不同，这种内心的批评不会激发积极的行为。)”提出“内心批判”是消极的。F项(相反，它使我们与自己作对，使我们低估了自己对他人的有益影响。)讲到了内心批判对自己和对他人具体的消极影响，对前文内容进行进一步说明。故选F。
5．答案：A
解析：前文“One wonderful way to fight against our critical inner voice is through acts of being kind to others.(对抗我们批判的内心声音的一个好方法是善待他人。)”提到抵制内心批判的方式，后文“We must also try to see ourselves through the eyes of the people we affect.(我们还必须努力通过我们所影响的人的眼睛来看待自己。)”提到了下一个做法，A项(然而，这项工作并不止于此。)承前启后。故选A。
Ⅲ 应用文写作
上周日你校组织学生参观了市科技馆举办的“中国航天成就展”。请你用英语写一篇文章，分享此次活动。内容包括：
1．参加人员；
2．活动内容(听讲座、看视频、体验太空漫步)；
3．个人感想。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．题目已给出，不计入总词数。
Achievement Expo of China Aerospace
[精彩范文]
Achievement Expo of China Aerospace
Today's trip to the City Museum is really a memorable experience and this will be engraved in my mind forever.
All Senior 3 students visited an exhibition themed on “Achievements of China Aerospace”. First, we attended informative lectures and watched extremely exciting videos about launching rockets which allowed us to get deeper insights into China Aerospace. Then came the highlight—experiencing thrilling and funny spacewalks in almost zero gravity.
Amazed by the outstanding achievements and touched by the spirit of China Aerospace experts, I'll apply myself to study so that I can make contributions to our country like them one day.
1(共68张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
Unit 6 Space and beyond
Section Ⅱ Using language—Grammar & Integrated skills
课前自主预习
精讲课时语法
课堂效果检测
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
３
课后课时作业
4
Grammar 情态动词(复习)
课前自主预习
①You must be hungry after all that walking.
②He can't know the secret.
③He was a contemporary of Freud and may have known him.
④I don't want to take away from his achievements, but he couldn't have done it without my help.
⑤The content of the course depends on what the students would like to study.
⑥Could I sleep on it and let you know tomorrow
(1)①～④句表示推测，其中③④句表示对______所发生事情的推测。
(2)⑤句表示说话人的意愿，意为“______”。⑥句表示礼貌地请求别人做事，意为“______”。
过去
愿意
能否
精讲课时语法
1．could的用法
(1)表示过去一般的能力(即在过去有做某事的能力)。
Could you speak English then
那时你会说英语吗？
(一)could, should, would的用法
若表示过去的特定能力(即在过去特定场合做某事的能力)，常不用could，而应用was (were) able to do sth或用managed to do sth或用succeeded in doing sth等。
The fire was very big but everyone was able to escape from the building.
火势很凶猛，但大家都从大楼里逃了出来。
(2)could表示推测，既可用于肯定句，也可用于否定句。表示某事有可能发生或可能是事实。在肯定句中没有must那么有把握；在否定句中没有can't那么有把握。
He could have gone home.
他可能已经回家了。
He couldn't be a bad man.
他不太可能是坏人。
(3)表示委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。
Could you drive me to the station
你可以开车送我去车站吗？
We could take the train or alternatively go by car.
我们可以坐火车去，也可以坐汽车去。
(4)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。
How could he say such a thing!
他竟然说出这种话来！
(5)could have done表示“可能已经……”，指对过去已经发生的事情的推测。此外，它还可以表示“本能够做某事(而没有做)”，暗含惋惜之情。
You could have done better if you had been more careful.
要是再细心一点，你原本可以做得更好。
2．should的用法
(1)表示义务、建议、劝告，意为“应该”，用于各种人称。其同义词是ought to。
Every citizen should obey the law.
每个公民都应当遵守法律。
You shouldn't waste any time.
你不应该浪费任何时间。
(2)表示推测：用于肯定句，表示按常规、常理的推测，意为“按理说应该”。
The film should be very good as it is starring first class actors.
这部电影是一流演员主演的，按理说应该拍得很好。
If all goes according to plan we should be in Shanghai tomorrow.
如果一切按照计划进行，明天我们就在上海了。
(3)表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外、惊异等，意为“竟然会”。
It is a pity that he should miss such a golden opportunity.
他竟然错过如此大好机会，真可惜。
(4)用于某些从句中表示虚拟语气，而should常可省略。
She suggested that they (should) book the ticket in advance.
她建议他们应该提前订票。
(5)should have done sth表示“本应该做某事(而事实上并没有做)”。
shouldn't have done sth表示“本不该做某事(而事实上做了)”。
I should have known he could not keep anything secret. I really shouldn't have told him that.
我本该知道他不会保守任何秘密。我真不该告诉他那件事。
3．would的用法
(1)表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。在疑问句中用于第二人称。
Would you please lend me your pencil
请问我可以借下你的铅笔吗？
(2)表示意愿，在陈述语气和虚拟语气中都可使用。
He would not leave before he finished his work.
他没完成工作前不愿离开。
(3)表示过去的习惯、例行的活动或过去的一种倾向。
He would sit at the table, deep in thought.
他总是坐在桌子旁，陷入沉思。
(4)用在虚拟语气的主句中。
If you went to see him, he would be delighted.
如果你去看他，他一定很高兴。
She would have come if she hadn't been so busy.
要不是忙，她早就来了。
(1)用适当的情态动词填空
①When I lived at my grandma's home, I ______ watch TV whenever I wanted.
②If I were you, I _______ donate the money to the charity.
③Their friends suggested they ___________ put up their prices.
④_______ you be kind enough to close the window
⑤How ______ you allow him to do something like that
could
would
should/不填
Would
could
(2)单句表达
①他不可能在那里见过她。
He _______________ her there.
②他说过他一便士都不愿借给我。
He said that he _____________ me a penny.
③她不应该在你面前说这种事情。
She ________________ such things in your hearing.
④他不大关心钱，尽管他本来应该很富有。
He had little concern for money, though he ______________ extremely wealthy.
⑤他应该能够过上完全正常的生活。
He _________ able to lead a perfectly normal life.
couldn't have seen
wouldn't lend
shouldn't have said
could have been
should be
1．情态动词表示推测的三种句式
(1)在肯定句中一般用must(一定)，may(可能)，might/could (也许，或许)。
You have worked hard all day. You must be tired.
你辛苦工作了一整天，一定累了。
The thought that she might be ill annoyed him.
一想到她也许生病了，他就不安。
(二)情态动词表示推测
(2)否定句中用can't/couldn't (不可能)，may not/might not(可能不)。
If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet.
如果汤姆五点才从这里离开，他此时不可能到家。
We might buy it but then again we might not.
我们可能买，不过也可能不买。
(3)疑问句中用can/could (可能……？)。
Can he be at home now
他现在可能在家吗？
Could he have finished the task
他可能把任务完成了吗？
用适当的情态动词填空
①It ____________ be the headmaster. He has gone to America.
②Smoking ______ be banned totally in most buildings.
③I'm sorry, she's not here; she _____ have left already.
④My mother ______ be very unpleasant at times.
⑤__________ they be having a bath
can't/couldn't
might
must
could
Can/Could
2．情态动词表示推测的三种时态
(1)对将来情况的推测，用“情态动词＋动词原形”。
She must/may/might/could arrive before 5.
5点前她一定/可能/也许到。
(2)对现在或一般情况的推测，用“情态动词＋be”或“情态动词＋be doing”或“情态动词＋动词原形”。
At this moment, our teacher must/may/might/could be correcting our exam papers.
这个时候，我们老师一定/可能/也许在批改试卷。
Today is Sunday, and he can't be at school.
今天是星期天，他不可能在学校。
(3)对过去情况的推测，用“情态动词＋have＋过去分词”。
I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep.
我刚才没有听到电话，我一定是睡着了。
The door was locked. He can not have been at home.
门锁着，他不可能在家。
3．情态动词表示推测的特殊用法
(1)can除了表示推测，用于疑问句和否定句中外，还可以用于肯定句中，表示“在某段时间内一时的可能性”。
It can be quite windy there, especially in spring.
那里有时会刮风，特别是在春季。
(2)must表示“一定，非得；偏要”，语气强烈。
If you must ask for a leave today, you must give out your reason.
如果今天你非得请假的话，你必须说出理由。
(1)单句语法填空
①She might _______________ (kill) if the neighbours hadn't intervened.
②He reasoned that if we started at dawn, we __________ arrive before noon.
③He must __________ (work) in his office at the moment.
(2)选词填空(can/must)
①Betty ______ be in the next room; I can hear her talking there.
②Scotland ____ be very warm in September.
have been killed
could/might
be working
must
can
Vocabulary
submit v. 提交(教材P89)
归纳 拓展
情景 助记
①The plan will be submitted to the committee for official approval.
该计划将递交委员会正式批准。
②If I submitted to their demands, they would not press the allegations.
如果那时我顺从他们的要求，他们就不会坚持那些指控了。
③He submitted himself to a search by the guards.
他只好让卫兵搜查。
④His response was one of resistance, not submission.
他的反应是抵抗，而不是屈服。
(1)单句语法填空
①He was faced with two alternatives—death or __________ (submit)．
②She refused to submit ____ threats.
(2)单句表达
①我们应该尽早向理事会提交报告。
We should __________________ the council as early as possible.
②我不得不接受妥协。
I have to _______________ the compromise.
submission
to
submit our report to
submit myself to
课堂效果检测
Ⅰ.根据语境及首字母提示完成句子
1．The galloping horses he paints are extremely l________．
2．Loren Carpenter launches an airplane flight s________ on the screen.
3．The wide plain, with thousands of animals on the move, was an a________ spectacle.
4．You need to s______ your entry by the 1st of August.
5．The experiments were carried out under s________ examination conditions.
ifelike
imulator
wesome
ubmit
imulated
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．______ you mind leaving us alone for a few minutes
2．The money has disappeared; who _______ have taken it
3．Look at the time; we should _________ (be) at the theatre ten minutes ago.
4．You can't smoke here; go out of the house if you ______．
5．They ______ be having a meeting, but I'm not sure.
Would
could
have been
must
might
6．It was really annoying; I ________ get access to the data bank you had recommended.
7．The company uses the _________ (simulate) to market test new designs.
8．They submitted their reports ____ the Chancellor yesterday.
9．It ________ be snowing now, according to the weather forecast.
10．Jim says we _____ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy.
couldn't
simulator
to
should
can
Ⅲ.单句表达
1．最近，我姐和我有机会为两个完全陌生的老人做些好事。
Recently, my sister and I ________________________________ for two elderly people who were complete strangers to us.
2．难怪你累了呢，你一直走了好几个小时。
_____________________， you've been walking for hours.
3．她可能在伦敦、巴黎或者东京——谁也不知道。
She ___________ London or Paris or Tokyo—nobody knows.
had the chance to do something good
No wonder you're tired
could be in
4．那不可能是玛丽，因为她在住院。
That ________ Mary, for she is in hospital.
5．他现在肯定在阅览室读报。
He ______________ newspapers in the reading room now.
6．他当时要是按时服药，也许可以对他有帮助。
The pills _________________ him, if only he'd taken them regularly.
7．我想报名参加一些环境委员会的志愿者工作。
I'd like to ___________ some voluntary work with the environment council.
can't be
must be reading
might have helped
sign up for
8．劳驾，请问你能告诉我到车站的路怎么走吗？
___________ kindly show me the way to the station
9．迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公交车来上班的。
Mike ________________ his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.
10．在经常下雨的国家里，我们竟然会缺水，这简直是荒谬！
It is ridiculous that we _____________________ in a country where it is always raining!
Would you
can't have found
should be short of water
课后课时作业
较易题(占比25%) 中档题(占比75%) 拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
A B 难度 ★ ★★ ★★ ★★
Ⅰ 阅读
A
Scientists working in NASA say they have made a significant discovery that a huge star seems to have disappeared from the universe. The star is part of the Kinman Dwarf galaxy, pictures of which were taken in the past by a camera attached to NASA's Hubble Space Telescope. But since the galaxy is so far away, researchers have not been able to clearly observe its stars. Astronomers had, however, identified important “signatures”， or signs, that the massive star existed. Now they are searching for answers to why it is no longer possible to see them．
A team of scientists from the European Southern Observatory reported it had been observing the star with its Very Large Telescope, VLT, for at least 10 years. The team said its observations repeatedly showed evidence that the Kinman Dwarf galaxy contained the massive star, which was estimated to be about 2.5 million times brighter than our sun. Researchers said the evidence suggested that the star was “in a late stage of its evolution”. They added that the star was a kind considered to be “unstable”. This means it could go through major changes in brightness or lose some of its mass.
Andrew Allan, the project's leader, said the researchers wanted to learn more about how massive stars end their lives. The massive object observed in the Kinman Dwarf galaxy seemed like the perfect target. But when astronomers turned the VLT toward the distant galaxy in 2019, they could no longer find any signs of the massive star. “Instead, we were surprised that the star had disappeared，” Allan said in a statement.
The astronomers are now exploring two possibilities. The first is that the star might have become less bright and could be partly blocked by dust. The other possibility is that it collapsed into a black hole without producing a super powerful explosion.
The astronomers plan to keep observing the galaxy for signs of the missing star. They will likely need to wait a few years before confirming what happened to this particular star.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。美国宇航局的科学家们表示，一颗巨大的恒星似乎已经从宇宙中消失，他们正在探索它消失的两种可能性。
1．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 1 refer to
A．The stars. B．The galaxies.
C．The signatures. D．The astronomers.
解析：指代判断题。根据第一段中的“Astronomers had, however ... to see them．(然而，天文学家已经发现了这颗大质量恒星存在的重要“特征”或迹象。现在，他们正在寻找为什么看不到它们的答案。)”可知，them指代的是上一句出现过的复数名词signatures “特征”。故选C。
2．What do we know about the massive star
A．It was once clearly observed.
B．It experienced a temporary change.
C．It could only be traced with the VLT.
D．It evidently existed in the distant galaxy.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“showed evidence that the Kinman Dwarf galaxy contained the massive star”及“the evidence suggested that the star was ‘in a late stage of its evolution’”可知，有证据表明，大质量恒星确实存在于遥远的星系中。故选D。
3．Which of the following might explain the disappearance of the massive star
A．It exploded.
B．It lost some of its mass.
C．It evolved into a black hole.
D．It was damaged by dust and became less bright.
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The other possibility is ... super powerful explosion.(另一种可能性是，它坍缩成一个黑洞，而没有产生超级强大的爆炸。)”可知，“它进化成了一个黑洞”也许可以解释大质量恒星消失的原因。故选C。
B
Richard Browning has been attracted by flight ever since his father took him into the hills to fly gliders (滑翔机). He has certainly been an adventurer. Richard took it upon himself to develop his own jet suit and began to experiment with some of his friends. He made quick progress. In 2017, he felt confident enough to start a company called Gravity Industries that could make jet suits. It took 15 months to develop the very first one.
Five very small jet engines are built into the jet suit. These are powered by kerosene (煤油). Two engines are located on the pilot's arms and one is placed on the back. Each engine weighs less than two kilos and can produce 22 kilos of thrust (推力).
The pilot is able to control the direction and speed of the flight. He does this by small movements of the arms which require hours of practice. One wrong move and you could end up falling to the ground.
Richard is not only in charge of his company; he is also the chief test pilot. He has spent hours and hours perfecting the correct moves to create a perfect flight. He was able to enter the Guinness Book of World Records in 2017 when he became the fastest man in a jet suit and flew at 51 kilometres per hour. Since then, he has presented his jet suit at 60 events in 20 different countries around the world. More recently, he flew alongside Brighton Pier on the south coast of England at 136 kilometres per hour!
The objective of Richard's company has been to build a suit which members of the public can buy. The first went on sale in a department store in 2018 for ￡340，000. If you want to jet around your own hometown, it's time to start saving—or to work for Richard Browning.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了热爱飞行的Richard Browning (理查德·勃朗宁)通过坚持不懈的实验最后成功开发出处于世界领先地位的飞行服。
4．What do we know about Richard
A．He was absorbed in flight.
B．He is no stranger to misfortune.
C．He is slow in making up his mind.
D．He started his company with his father.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Richard Browning has been attracted by flight ever since his father took him into the hills to fly gliders (滑翔机)．”可知，他被飞行吸引。故选A。
5．What can be inferred about Richard's jet suit
A．It is easy to control.
B．It is quite lightweight.
C．It consists of two engines.
D．It leads the world in its field.
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“He was able to ... at 51 kilometres per hour.”可知，2017年，他成为世界上最快的飞行服驾驶员，从而进入了吉尼斯世界纪录。由此可推知，Richard的飞行服在该领域处于世界领先地位。故选D。
6．What does Richard expect of the jet suit according to the last paragraph
A．It'll be much faster.
B．It'll save more energy.
C．It'll reach ordinary customers soon.
D．It'll ease his hometown's heavy traffic.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The objective of Richard's company ... the public can buy.(理查德公司的目标是制造一种公众可以购买的飞行服。)”可知，Richard希望普通消费者很快就能买到他们的飞行服。故选C。
7．What can we learn from Richard's story
A. Being good is different from being great.
B．He who makes no mistakes makes nothing.
C．One cannot succeed without time and practice.
D．Luck, talent and friendship help to achieve success.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“It took 15 months to develop the very first one.”可知，Richard带领团队用了15个月才制作出第一件飞行服；根据倒数第二段中的“He has spent ... create a perfect flight.”可知，Richard通过坚持不懈地练习才得以穿着飞行服实现完美的飞行。因此，我们可以从Richard的故事中学到：没有时间和实践，一个人不可能成功。故选C。
Ⅱ 七选五
It won't sound like a big surprise when I tell you that kindness plays an important role in a person's wellbeing. It can lead to changes like higher self esteem (自尊心) and lower blood pressure. Even just witnessing acts of kindness can make us happier.
__1__ “From giving away a cup of hot chocolate in a park to giving away a gift in the lab, those performing an act of kindness consistently underestimated how positive their receivers would feel, thinking their act was of less value than receivers perceived it to be，” states a study.
__2__ Yet, why is there this difference between what we think someone will feel from an act of kindness versus what they do feel Why do we underestimate the impact we have on others
Many of us don't have a real sense of our value. It's been estimated that as many as 85 percent of people struggle with low self esteem. __3__ This “voice” tends to shift our focus inward assessing our every move, and having bad effect on our relationships.
Unlike a conscience (良心), this inner critic doesn't motivate positive behavior. __4__ It encourages us to hold back feeding us thoughts like, “Don't stick your neck out”； “No one wants to hear from you”； and “You're going to make a fool of yourself.”
One wonderful way to fight against our critical inner voice is through acts of being kind to others. __5__ We must also try to see ourselves through the eyes of the people we affect. The degree to which we're able to do that will help determine our own happiness along with the happiness we light up in others.
A．However, the work doesn't stop there.
B．People may lower the value of their own kind comments.
C．We all carry around a “critical inner voice” that tends to put us down.
D．Instead of seeing what we have to offer, we may think of ourselves as a burden.
E．This misunderstanding suggests that people devalue their own actions in relation to others.
F．Instead, it turns us against ourselves, making us underestimate our beneficial effect on others.
G．Yet, people may not truly know the impact that even the smallest of kind acts can have on another person.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了善良在一个人的幸福中起着重要作用，要摒弃自我内心批判，同时看到对他人的积极影响，这将有助于决定我们自己的幸福以及我们在他人身上点燃的幸福。
1．答案：G
解析：设空处位于句首，为该段主旨句，根据后文“those performing an act ... their receivers would feel”可知，表现善意的人低估了自己的行为对他人的影响。G项(然而，人们可能并没有真正了解哪怕是最小的善举也会对另一个人产生什么影响。)概括后文内容，且G项中的“even the smallest of kind acts”对应后文的“From giving away ... in the lab”。故选G。
2．答案：E
解析：后文“Yet, why is there ... we have on others？(然而，为什么我们认为某人会从善意行为中感受到的与他们的真实感受之间存在差异？为什么我们低估了我们对他人的影响？)”提出了一系列的疑问。E项(这种误解表明，人们会贬低自己对于他人的行为。)引出后文，且E项中的“devalue”对应后文的“underestimate”。故选E。
3．答案：C
解析：后文“This ‘voice’ tends to ... on our relationships.(这种‘声音’倾向于将我们的注意力转移到评估我们的一举一动，并对我们的关系产生不良影响。)”提出这种“声音”是一种产生消极影响的声音。C项(我们都有一种“批判的内心声音”，这种声音往往会让我们失望。)引出后文，且“voice”为词汇复现。故选C。
4．答案：F
解析：前文“Unlike a conscience (良心), this inner critic doesn't motivate positive behavior.(与良心不同，这种内心的批评不会激发积极的行为。)”提出“内心批判”是消极的。F项(相反，它使我们与自己作对，使我们低估了自己对他人的有益影响。)讲到了内心批判对自己和对他人具体的消极影响，对前文内容进行进一步说明。故选F。
5．答案：A
解析：前文“One wonderful way to fight against our critical inner voice is through acts of being kind to others.(对抗我们批判的内心声音的一个好方法是善待他人。)”提到抵制内心批判的方式，后文“We must also try to see ourselves through the eyes of the people we affect.(我们还必须努力通过我们所影响的人的眼睛来看待自己。)”提到了下一个做法，A项(然而，这项工作并不止于此。)承前启后。故选A。
Ⅲ 应用文写作
上周日你校组织学生参观了市科技馆举办的“中国航天成就展”。请你用英语写一篇文章，分享此次活动。内容包括：
1．参加人员；
2．活动内容(听讲座、看视频、体验太空漫步)；
3．个人感想。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．题目已给出，不计入总词数。
Achievement Expo of China Aerospace
﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
[精彩范文]
Achievement Expo of China Aerospace
Today's trip to the City Museum is really a memorable experience and this will be engraved in my mind forever.
All Senior 3 students visited an exhibition themed on “Achievements of China Aerospace”. First, we attended informative lectures and watched extremely exciting
videos about launching rockets which allowed us to get deeper insights into China Aerospace. Then came the highlight—experiencing thrilling and funny spacewalks in almost zero gravity.
Amazed by the outstanding achievements and touched by the spirit of China Aerospace experts, I'll apply myself to study so that I can make contributions to our country like them one day.
