英语 选择性必修 第四册[WY]
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
EYES UPON THE NIGHT
眺望夜空的眼睛
The night sky has been an endless source of fascination since the start of human history.
从人类有史以来，夜空就一直是让人浮想联翩的不竭源头。
For example, the mysterious large eyed, bronze statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom, discovered at the Chinese archeological site at Sanxingdui, were believed to have been able to look across great distances into the stars.
例如在中国考古遗址三星堆发掘的古蜀国神秘的巨目铜像，古时的人们认为它能够看到遥远的星空。
In reality, humans can see very little of the night sky with the naked eye.
事实上，人类仅凭肉眼只能看到夜空很小的一部分。
And, for a long while, people were unable to understand what they could see.
在很长一段时间里，人们无法理解他们所看到的东西。
Not knowing what the stars were, people in ancient times used their imaginations to create a world in the sky.
古时的人们并不知道星星到底是什么，他们便凭着想象去创造了一个空中世界。
①the__naked__eye 肉眼 ②“主(people in ancient times)谓(used)宾(their imaginations)”。Not knowing ... 是现在分词短语作原因状语，其中what the stars were是what引导的宾语从句。to create ... in the sky是不定式短语作目的状语。
Our power to investigate and thus understand space changed dramatically when the first telescope was angled at the night sky, increasing as it did the power of the human eye and enabling us to understand that the universe is far larger than was previously imaginable.
当第一台望远镜对准夜空时，我们探索进而理解太空的能力就发生了巨大变化，它不仅增强了人类肉眼观测的能力，而且让我们明白宇宙要比之前想象的大得多。
The planets were seen to be worlds similar to our own, many of them even having their own moons.
每个行星都可以被视为和我们地球类似的星球，其中许多行星甚至有它们自己的卫星。
Soon, it was understood that the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy we call the Milky Way.
很快，我们明白太阳只不过是银河系中数十亿计的恒星中的一个。
Some 300 years later, we learnt that the Milky Way itself was just one galaxy among billions of others, spread across the blackness of space like great islands of light and matter floating in a vast cosmic ocean.
大约300年后，我们又得知银河系本身只是数十亿个散落在黑色太空中的星系之一，就像漂浮在宇宙汪洋中的一座光与物质组成的大型岛屿。
③telescope n. 望远镜 ④angle v. 斜置 ⑤galaxy n. 星系 ⑥cosmic adj. 宇宙的 ⑦“形式主语(it)谓语(was understood)真正的主语(that ...)”。we call the Milky Way是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句。
Almost 400 years after the first Earth based telescope was invented, the Hubble Space Telescope was launched into orbit, giving astronomers—indeed all of us—the first breathtakingly beautiful images of our universe taken from beyond Earth.
第一个地基望远镜问世将近400年之后，哈勃空间望远镜发射入轨，不仅让天文学家——事实上还让我们所有人——第一次看见了来自地球之外令人叹为观止的宇宙美景。
Nothing in history has allowed us to see so much over such great distances, from enormous clouds of gas where stars are being born, to huge black holes, and even to new planets where we might conceivably find life.
它让我们史无前例地看到了如此遥远的景观——从星体诞生的巨大气体云团，到巨型黑洞，甚至到可能会发现生命迹象的新行星。
Not only that—it has also helped us to work out the age and nature of the universe, and discover the incredible fact that the universe is expanding at an ever increasing speed.
不仅如此，它还帮助我们测算宇宙的年龄并分析宇宙的本质，而且发现了不可思议的事实——宇宙正在以不断增加的速度扩大。
⑧conceivably adv. 可以相信地；可想象地 ⑨“主(Nothing in history)谓(has allowed)宾(us)宾补(to see so ... distances)”。where stars are being born和where we might conceivably find life是where引导的定语从句，分别修饰clouds of gas和planets。
To see even further into the universe, many countries are now engaged in building ever more advanced telescopes.
为了能更加深入地观察宇宙，很多国家开始投入研发更先进的望远镜。
Currently, China operates the world's largest and most powerful radio telescope, the FAST telescope, completed in 2016.
近来，中国研发了世界上最大、功能最强的射电望远镜——FAST望远镜，于2016年建成。
The 500 metre dish of the “Eye of Heaven”， as it is known, is being used in the search for dark matter, thought to be composed of subatomic particles invisible to ordinary telescopes.
众所周知，这个被称为“天眼”的500米口径巨盘用于探寻暗物质——暗物质被认为由亚原子粒子组成，一般望远镜是观测不到的。
This vast dish also has the ability to explore regions of space billions of light years away, right at the edge of the visible universe.
这个巨盘还能探索数十亿光年之外的太空领域，那里是看得到的宇宙的边界。
⑩subatomic adj. 亚原子的；原子内的 particle n. 粒子 invisible adj. 看不见的 “主(many countries)系(are)表(engaged in building ... telescopes)”。To see even further into the universe是不定式作目的状语。
The Hubble and the space telescopes constructed after it will allow us to see further and further into space.
哈勃望远镜以及在它之后建成的太空望远镜将使我们能看见更加遥远的太空。
We will view stars and galaxies billions of light years away and look back at a past that was billions of years ago.
我们将能观察几十亿光年外的星体和星系，回看数十亿年之前的过去。
Using ever larger radio telescopes as our eyes, we will one day be able to look back to a time in the very early universe, before the existence of light.
终将有一天，我们会使用更巨大的射电望远镜当作人类之眼，能够回看在光产生之前的宇宙的最早时期。
But the human quest for knowledge reaches even beyond that.
但人类对知识的渴望不止于此。
So much of the universe remains unexplored that we are still close to the start of this incredible journey of discovery.
宇宙还有很多的未知领域，我们才刚刚接近这段奇幻发现之旅的起点。
“主句(So much of ... unexplored)＋结果状语从句(that we are still ... discovery)”。so ... that ... 句型，意为“如此……以至于……”。
1 angle v. 斜置(教材P90)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①Tourists were scrambling over the rocks looking for the perfect camera angle.
旅行者们爬上岩石，寻找最完美的拍摄角度。
②She was angling for sympathy.
她有意博取同情。
③The tower of Pisa leans at an angle.
比萨斜塔塔身倾斜。
(1)单句语法填空
①The two roads lie ________ an angle of about 45 degrees.
②He was angling ________ an invitation to the party.
答案：①at ②for
(2)单句表达
①安娜把照相机对准了那棵树。
Anna ______________________ towards the tree.
②从任何角度来说，空腹大量饮酒对健康非常有害。
Viewed ______________， drinking heavily on an empty stomach is very harmful to health.
答案：①angled her camera ②from any angle
2 fetch v. (去)拿来(教材P94)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①He sent his driver to fetch him a strawberry shake/fetch a strawberry shake for him.
他让司机去给他买一杯草莓奶昔。
②You must wash your hands before fetching water.
取水前一定要洗手。
③I was wondering if you would go down to the village and fetch the doctor.
我想你能否下楼去村里找位医生来。
(1)单句语法填空
①Please fetch me the dictionary ________ the study room.
②The caddie ran over to fetch something ________ him.
答案：①from ②for
(2)单句表达
①我得从井里打水。
I had to ____________________ the well.
②请把我抽屉里的磁带取来。
__________________ from my drawer, please.
答案：①fetch water from ②Fetch me the tape/Fetch the tape for me
1 be engaged in 从事于……，忙于……(教材P92)
归纳拓展
①He is now engaged on his second novel.
他正埋头写他的第二部小说。
②My grandma likes to engage herself in (＝be engaged in) gardening after her retirement.
我奶奶退休后喜欢忙于园艺。
③He is currently engaged as a consultant.
他现在受雇为顾问。
(1)单句语法填空
①I couldn't get through—the line's ________ (engage)．
②They had found a lot more activities to engage ________．
答案：①engaged ②in
(2)一句多译
他想从事外贸。
He wants to ______________ foreign trade.
＝He wants to ______________ foreign trade.
答案：be engaged in; engage himself in
2 be composed of 由……组成/构成(教材P92)
归纳拓展
①The committee is composed mainly of lawyers.
委员会主要由律师组成。
②He composed his last opera shortly before he died.
他在创作出他最后一部歌剧后不久便去世了。
③Emma frowned, making an effort to compose herself.
埃玛皱起了眉头，努力使自己镇定下来。
④Lewis emerges as a composer of distinction and sensitivity.
路易斯脱颖而出，成为一位有卓越能力和敏锐度的作曲家。
⑤Mozart's compositions are undoubtedly among the world's greatest.
莫扎特的作品无疑位列于世界上最伟大的作品之中。
表示“由……组成/构成”的短语还有：be made up of, consist of。
(1)单句语法填空
①At the moment there is no course I enjoy more than ________ (compose)．
②She tried to compose ________ (her) when she heard the shocking news.
③As a ________ (compose) he proved himself adept at large dramatic forms.
答案：①composition ②herself ③composer
(2)同义句转换
The group is made up of ten people.
→The group __________________ ten people.
答案：is composed of/consists of
1 The night sky has been an endless source of fascination since the start of human history.(教材P90) 从人类有史以来，夜空就一直是让人浮想联翩的不竭源头。
剖析 since引导时间状语从句。
归纳拓展
①I was bitten by a dog once and I've been afraid of them ever since.
我曾被狗咬过，自那以后就一直害怕狗。
②It has been several months since we left our hometown.
我们离开家乡已经几个月了。
③It was many months since she had mentioned his name to Elizabeth.
她已经有好几个月没有在伊丽莎白面前提起过他的名字。
since引导的从句中，如果动词是非延续性动词，翻译时是肯定的，表示“自从……多久了”；如果动词是延续性动词，翻译时是否定的，即动作发生时间的起点应从该动作结束时算起，表示“自从(该动作)结束以来已有多久了”。 It is four years since I moved here. 自从我搬来这里已经有四年了。 It is three years since I smoked. 我已经戒烟三年了。
(1)单句语法填空
①It is nearly two years since I ________ (come) here.
②She had been worrying ever ________ the letter arrived.
答案：①came ②since
(2)单句表达
①1982年他离开这个村子，从那以后我再没见过他。
He left the village in 1982 and I ______________ ever since.
②他搬到这个城市已经三个月了。
It has been three months ____________________ to this city.
答案：①haven't seen him ②since he moved
2 Our power to investigate and thus understand space changed dramatically when the first telescope was angled at the night sky, increasing as it did the power of the human eye and enabling us to understand that the universe is far larger than was previously imaginable.(教材P90) 当第一台望远镜对准夜空时，我们探索进而理解太空的能力就发生了巨大变化，它不仅增强了人类肉眼观测的能力，而且也让我们明白宇宙要比之前想象的大得多。
剖析 动词不定式短语to investigate and thus understand space作后置定语修饰power。
归纳拓展 不定式作后置定语： (1)抽象名词time, way, ability, reason, chance, courage, opportunity等词后常用不定式作定语。 (2)不定代词something, nothing, little等词后常用不定式作定语。 (3)名词前若有序数词、形容词最高级、the only, the last等词修饰或被修饰词本身就是这类词时，其后通常用不定式作定语。
①He has blind faith in doctors' ability to find a cure.
他盲目相信医生有妙手回春的能力。
②The exhibition gives local artists an opportunity to display their work.
这次展览为当地艺术家提供了展示自己作品的机会。
③The new restaurant is nothing to get excited about.
这家新餐馆没有什么值得特别激动的地方。
(1)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面需跟相应的介词。 (2)如果不定式所表示的动作不是由主语发出的，此时主语是动作的承受者，则不定式应使用被动语态。 He was the last to come in, and we never even got a chance to be interviewed; however, he got the job. 他是最后一个进来的，我们甚至都没有机会被面试，然而他却得到了这份工作。
(1)单句语法填空
①Do you have any chance ________ (do) any sightseeing during your business trip to Paris
②Yangzhou is a good place to live ________．
③There was nothing further ________ (do) for this man.
答案：①to do ②in ③to be done
(2)单句表达
①做这事的方式是这样的。
The way ______________ is like this.
②这是下班后唯一能喝一杯的地方。
This is ____________________________ a drink after working hours.
答案：①to do it ②the only place to get/have
3 Not only that—it has also helped us to work out the age and nature of the universe, and discover the incredible fact that the universe is expanding at an ever increasing speed.(教材P91)不仅如此，它还帮助我们测算宇宙的年龄并分析宇宙的本质，且发现了惊人的事实——宇宙正在以不断增加的速度扩大。
剖析 work out意为“计算出”。
归纳拓展
①These figures work out differently each time I add them.
我每次把这些数字加起来的时候，计算出的结果都不同。
②To work as a translator, you need fluency in at least one foreign language.
要做一名译员，你至少要一门外语流利。
③We began to work on the project in May.
我们于五月份启动了这项工程。
④She treats the people who work for her as her equals.
她以平等的身份对待为她工作的人。
(1)写出下列句中work out的含义
①Don't worry; I'm sure we can work it out.________
②In fact, the trip worked out cheaper than we'd expected.________
③Every time you work out, you should begin and end with a few stretches.________
④We must work out a plan as quickly as possible.________
⑤You can't predict everything; often things don't work out as you expect.________
答案：①解决 ②结果是 ③锻炼 ④制订出 ⑤进展顺利
(2)单句表达
①她在外面忙着修理汽车。
She's outside, ____________________．
②他们经常被迫做艰苦的体力工作，挣很少的钱。
They were often forced to __________________________ for little money.
③我拼命地转动脑筋，想要搞清楚发生了什么事。
My mind raced as I tried to ________________________________________．
答案：①working on the car ②work at hard physical jobs ③work out what was happening
Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子
1．He ________ (斜置) his chair so that he could sit and watch her.
答案：angled
2．First off, there's a difference between waves and ________ (粒子).
答案：particles
3．It takes a lot of ________ (自律) to go jogging in winter.
答案：self discipline
4．NASA plans to launch a satellite to study ________ (宇宙的) rays.
答案：cosmic
5．Place the fish on a flat surface and sprinkle the flesh with lemon juice and ________ (胡椒粉).
答案：pepper
6．This exercise will work the m________ of the lower back.
答案：muscles
7．Within our own g________， there are probably tens of thousands of planetary systems.
答案：galaxy
8．The space t________ has taken the clearest pictures ever of Mars.
答案：telescope
9．Put a handkerchief over your mouth when you s________．
答案：sneeze
10．In our complicated world, s________ reasoning doesn't always work.
答案：straightforward
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The air is full of millions of ________ (visible) germs.
答案：invisible
2．That same transmission technology could ________ (conceivable) be put on satellites as well.
答案：conceivably
3．They're freshly baked; I fetched them ________ the baker's this morning.
答案：from
4．Small as they are, atoms are made up of still smaller units known as ________ (subatom) particles.
答案：subatomic
5．I'm making my roof ________ an angle to help the rain run off.
答案：at
6．He had a chance ________ (confess) and expiate his guilt.
答案：to confess
7．So far, eight workers ________ (kill)．
答案：have been killed
8．There are a lot of benefits to working ________， especially in the mornings.
答案：out
9．Believe it or not the number did have some basis ________ reality.
答案：in
10．This has led scientists to speculate on the existence of other ________ (galaxy)．
答案：galaxies
Ⅲ.选词填空
be engaged in, ever since, at a speed of, work out, be composed of
1．It doesn't take much brain to ____________ that both stories can't be true.
答案：work out
2．He drove ____________ sixty miles per hour.
答案：at a speed of
3．Every substance, no matter what it is, ____________ very small particles called molecules.
答案：is composed of
4．The soldiers ____________ a military operation close to the Ugandan border.
答案：were engaged in
5．He's been working away without a rest ____________ breakfast.
答案：ever since
Ⅳ.单句表达
1．显微镜使我们能看到用肉眼看不见的有机组织。
The microscope enables us to see organisms __________________________.
答案：invisible to the naked eye
2．居民得走一英里路去取水。
The inhabitants have to walk a mile to ____________________.
答案：fetch water
3．这个方案的具体细节尚需制订。
The fine detail of the plan has yet to ________________．
答案：be worked out
4．它以45度角指向外侧。
It was pointing outward ______________________________.
答案：at an angle of 45 degrees
5．有些行星用好的望远镜才可以看到。
Some planets are visible with ____________________________．
答案：a good telescope
较易题(占比25%) 中档题(占比50%) 拔高题(占比25%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ
难度 ★★ ★★ ★ ★★★
Ⅰ 阅读
Thanks to the $10bn James Webb Space Telescope, we are beginning to “see” the radiant heat of the early universe like never before. On Monday night, to the excitement of professional astronomers and amateurs the world over, the telescope's first full colour image of deep space was released. The striking image, taken at minimally explored wavelengths and never before seen resolution, reveals a large number of universal objects.
The image is yet to be fully analysed but some objects are relics (遗迹) dating to within 0.7bn years of the Big Bang, the explosion that created our universe 13.8bn years ago. A new era (时代) of astronomy, in which we can finally see the oldest objects in the universe and gain a fuller understanding of its origins, has officially begun.
Tuesday saw four more important results emerging from the Webb's first week of observations. Chris Lintott, professor of astrophysics at Oxford University and a researcher on galaxy (星系) formation, said he was blown away by the quality and beauty of the images. “It knocked my socks off，” Lintott said on Tuesday. “I was sitting in a roomful of galaxy experts when the Stephan's Quintet image was shown, and jaws hit the floor. The Webb is going to produce some of the most amazing pictures of the space age.”
Webb's “first deep field”， as the image of deep space released on Monday is known, is a picture taken over 12.5 hours. It shows the cotton wool like galaxy cluster (团) SMACS 0723 centrally in the foreground, plus bright white stars.
As Lintott points out, bigger light collecting mirrors result in sharper images, of the type that Webb is now delivering. The investment in the James Webb Space Telescope's large foldable mirror has paid off. It is hard to believe that the Earth orbiting telescope, regarded as one of the most complex engineering projects ever attempted and nearly cancelled a decade ago, has begun operating successfully.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜发布了首张深空全彩图像，揭示了大量的宇宙天体，这标志着一个天文学的新时代正式开始了，人们可以更好地了解宇宙中最古老的物体的起源。
1．What may be most probably talked about before Paragraph 1
A．The radiant heat.
B．Some astronomers.
C．Some universal objects.
D．The history of mankind.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Thanks to the ... like never before.(多亏了价值100亿美元的詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜，我们开始以前所未有的方式‘看到’早期宇宙的辐射热。)”可推知，在第一段之前最有可能讨论的是辐射热。故选A。
2．How did Chris Lintott react to Stephan's Quintet image
A．He was humble.
B．He was tolerant.
C．He was surprised.
D．He was prejudiced.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Chris Lintott, professor of astrophysics ... hit the floor.(研究星系形成的牛津大学天体物理学教授Chris Lintott (克里斯·林托特)说，他被这些图像的质量和美丽所震撼。‘这让我大吃一惊，’Lintott周二说。‘当Stephan (斯蒂芬)五重奏的图像被展示出来时，我正坐在一屋子星系专家的房间里，大家都目瞪口呆。)”可知，Chris Lintott对Stephan的五重奏图像感到很惊讶。故选C。
3．What can we know about Webb according to the last paragraph
A．It is a complex project.
B．It is regarded useless.
C．It was put into use a decade ago.
D．It was innovated by Chris Lintott.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“It is hard to believe that ... has begun operating successfully.(这架绕地球运行的望远镜被认为是有史以来最复杂的工程项目之一，十年前几乎被取消，但现在它已经开始成功运行了，这很难让人相信。)”可知，Webb是一个复杂的工程项目。故选A。
4．Which would be a suitable title for the passage
A．The story of an inventor
B．Chris Lintott made a breakthrough
C．The image of relics of the Big Bang
D．A new era of astronomy has begun
答案：D
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜发布了首张深空全彩图像，揭示了大量的宇宙天体，这标志着一个天文学的新时代正式开始了，人们可以更好地了解宇宙中最古老的物体的起源。D项(天文学的新时代已经开始)最适合作为文章标题。故选D。
Ⅱ 完形填空
Bend, a small town in Oregon, is called “moon country”. Before the astronauts ever __1__ it to the moon, they trained in Bend. When Jim Irwin came to Bend for __2__， he made friends with Floyd Watson, a(n) __3__ resident, who was the building inspector for the city. Five years later, Irwin was __4__ for the Apollo 15 moon landing.
When the news that his old friend would go to the moon came to Watson's __5__， he chose a piece of lava rock (火山岩), near Devil's Lake, __6__ it in paper. Then he posted it to Irwin with a letter where he __7__ him and made a request, “I am sending you a __8__ piece of Central Oregon lava, which I hope you will be able to __9__ to the moon for me.” Off went the letter, and Watson thought __10__ of it. A few months later, on July 26, 1971, Irwin__11__ to the moon with David Scott and Alfred Worden.
And a few weeks after their __12__， Watson got an unexpected letter from Irwin. “I did carry your piece of lava to the moon and left it there，” Irwin wrote and enclosed (附上) a __13__ of it, with the small piece of Oregon lava __14__ with an arrow and the words “Oregon lava on the moon”！ For Watson the letter and the picture were __15__. And, of course, he never looked at the moon the same way again.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了宇航员Jim Irwin(吉米·欧文)在登上月球时携带着朋友Floyd Watson(弗洛伊德·沃森)的火山岩并把它放在了月球上的故事。
1．A.did B．made
C．took D．grasped
答案：B
解析：句意：在宇航员成功登上月球之前，他们在Bend(本德)接受训练。make it “获得成功”，即成功登上月球。故选B。
2．A.adventure B．research
C．amusement D．practice
答案：D
解析：adventure 冒险；research 研究；amusement 消遣；practice 练习。根据上文“they trained in Bend”可知，Jim Irwin来到Bend接受登月训练。故选D。
3．A.local B．aggressive
C．gifted D．academic
答案：A
解析：根据下文“who was the building inspector for the city”可推断，Floyd Watson是当地居民。故选A。
4．A.carried out B．picked out
C．ruled out D．checked out
答案：B
解析：carry out 实施；pick out 挑选出；rule out 排除，取消；check out 检验。根据下文“When the news that his old friend would go to the moon”可知，五年后，Irwin被选中参加阿波罗15号登月计划。故选B。
5．A.sense B．rescue
C．knowledge D．assistance
答案：C
解析：句意：当他的老朋友要去月球的消息传到Watson那里时，他选择了魔鬼湖附近的一块火山岩，用纸把它包裹起来。come to one's knowledge “被某人知道”。故选C。
6．A.enveloped B．measured
C．designed D．transformed
答案：A
解析：根据下文“in paper”及“Then he posted it to Irwin with a letter”可推知，此处指用纸把火山岩包起来。故选A。
7．A.thanked B．welcomed
C．congratulated D．followed
答案：C
解析：thank 感谢；welcome 欢迎；congratulate 祝贺；follow 跟着。此处作定语从句的谓语，表示Floyd在信中祝贺Irwin被选上去登月。故选C。
8．A.huge B．valuable
C．unique D．tiny
答案：D
解析：huge 巨大的；valuable 有价值的；unique 独特的；tiny 小的。根据上文“__6__ it in paper”并结合选项可知，能把火山岩包在纸里，说明火山岩不大。下文“the small piece of Oregon lava __14__”也提示了是块小火山岩。故选D。
9．A.fly B．deliver
C．orbit D．float
答案：B
解析：根据下文“I did carry your piece of lava to the moon and left it there”可知，此处指Watson希望Irwin能帮他把火山岩送到月球上”。故选B。
10．A.much B．highly
C．little D．low
答案：C
解析：根据下文“Watson got an unexpected letter from Irwin”可知，Watson当时对这件事并没有太在意。think little of “轻视，不在意”。故选C。
11．A.escaped B．rushed
C．wandered D．journeyed
答案：D
解析：根据语境可知，Irwin和其他两名宇航员登上月球。此处journey用作动词，表示“旅行(尤指长途)”。故选D。
12．A.arrival B．return
C．application D．campaign
答案：B
解析：arrival 到达；return 返回；application 应用；campaign 运动。根据下文“Watson got an unexpected letter from Irwin”可知，此处指他们从月球上回来了几周后，Watson意外地收到了Irwin的来信。故选B。
13．A.postcard B．drawing
C．photo D．note
答案：C
解析：postcard 明信片；drawing 图画；photo 照片；note 笔记本。根据下文“the letter and the picture”可知，Irwin写信给Watson，还附了一张照片。故选C。
14．A.equipped B．decorated
C．covered D．marked
答案：D
解析：根据下文“with an arrow”可知，此处指那一小块俄勒冈火山岩被箭头标记。be marked with “用……标注”。故选D。
15．A.reliable B．precious
C．permanent D．realistic
答案：B
解析：reliable 可靠的；precious 珍贵的；permanent 永久的；realistic 现实的。老朋友Irwin把自己的火山岩带到了月球，拍了照片并写信寄给Watson。对Watson来说，这封信和照片很珍贵。故选B。
Ⅲ 语法填空
2017 witnessed the 45th anniversary of the __1__ (establish) of Sino German diplomatic relations. Many __2__ (activity) with Chinese culture as the theme were held in Berlin, the capital of Germany. When __3__ (walk) in Berlin, people can really feel that this city deserves its title as the largest city in Germany. The history of Berlin could __4__ (trace) back to over 800 years ago. In 18th century, Berlin became the capital of the Kingdom of Prussia. In 1871, Otto Von Bismarck, Minister President of Prussia, unified the German States. In modern times, Berlin became the city with the greatest vitality in Germany because __5__ its emerging buildings and dynamic culture.
In the very center is the famous BrandenBurg Gate, the construction of __6__ started in 1789 and was completed in 1791. This BrandenBurg Gate has become a symbol of Germany. If people take __7__ look at the modern Germany history, they can find that this gate was __8__ (repeat) involved at critical moments.
After World War Ⅱ， the Berlin Wall stood in front of the Brandenburg Gate, and remained a symbol of separation for as __9__ (long) as 28 years. After the German reunification, this area around the gate was finally restored according to __10__ (it) original design.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9．________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了德国柏林的历史及勃兰登堡门。
1．答案：establishment
解析：考查词性转换。根据设空前the和设空后of可知，设空处应用名词，establishment意为“建立；创立”，为不可数名词。故填establishment。
2．答案：activities
解析：考查名词。设空前Many修饰可数名词复数。故填activities。
3．答案：walking
解析：考查状语从句的省略。when引导时间状语从句，当从句的主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语动词中含有be时，则省略主语和be，从句补充完整为“when people are walking in Berlin”。故填walking。
4．答案：be traced
解析：考查动词的语态和情态动词。trace sth back to意为“追溯”，主语The history与trace为被动关系，且情态动词could后应用动词原形。故填be traced。
5．答案：of
解析：考查介词。设空后为名词短语its emerging buildings and dynamic culture，because后跟句子，because of后跟名词短语。故填of。
6．答案：which
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为BrandenBurg Gate，指物，引导词代替先行词在句中作介词of的宾语。故填which。
7．答案：a
解析：考查冠词。take a look at意为“看一看”，为固定短语。故填a。
8．答案：repeatedly
解析：考查词性转换。应用副词修饰动词involved。故填repeatedly。
9．答案：long
解析：考查固定短语。as long as意为“长达；只要”，为固定短语。故填long。
10．答案：its
解析：考查代词。应用形容词性物主代词修饰名词design。故填its。
Ⅳ 读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
As Papá fell sound asleep, Catalina slid from her bed and felt her way to the front door. The girl waited a moment to see if any of her family would wake, but nobody stirred. She tiptoed upstairs to her “Observatory”， longing for drinking in deep lungfuls of the clear night air under the bright stars.
She polished her dear telescope, which was presented by her grandpa, the only one to support her dream. She assembled (组装) it, disassembled it and reassembled it repeatedly, knowing its parts very well.
Through it she could explore the unknown galaxy, the Milky Way stretching across the deep blue sky. Night was always her favorite time. When everything was quiet, she was lost in her starry night. At this moment, she seemed to forget her cares and sorrows in the daytime.
She told her secret dream to these beloved ones, her friends, teachers and even her father. When she said, “Papá， I want to be an astronomer working in the Cerro Tololo Inter American Observatory someday，” her father replied, “Maybe if you work hard, you'll be hired to clean the offices.” No one believed she would be a scientist one day. But why She knew she could be a good scientist. She knew it!
A big day was coming—to visit the Cerro Tololo Inter American Observatory, where she had visited for dozens of times, familiar with every set of the instruments there. This time with her classmates she was still eager for something stimulating.
She took a cautious step forward, holding her breath, and her eyes getting closer to the lens (镜片) of the telescope. She adjusted the device softly and carefully, hoping to find more ... “Bang! ...” suddenly there came a loud noise. One of her old friends “one meter” telescope fell down, broken.
“Look out! Stop touching anything! Step backward！” The manager yelled.
“One meter is broken, but the scientist has the day off. Nobody can fix it，” an operator added. Worries blanketed the hall.
“I CAN FIX IT！” Catalina's voice was surprisingly calm.
“You what ... ？” The manager uttered, confused, and doubted.
“It has 67 parts in total. An adjustable spanner (扳手) and a star screwdriver (螺丝刀) can help.”
“Then you know how to assemble it.” His eyes wide open, he still half believed.
Confidently, she nodded.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Hesitating for a second, the manager agreed, “Just do it, and I'll take all responsibilities.” Thunderous applause erupted and rocked the hall.
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。Catalina (卡塔利娜)热爱天文学，祖父是家里唯一支持她梦想的人。在参观天文馆时，望远镜坏了，Catalina自告奋勇要修理天文望远镜，经理同意了。Catalina是怎样修理的？Catalina的天文学家的梦想会不会因此更近一步？
[精彩范文]
Hesitating for a second, the manager agreed, “Just do it, and I'll take all responsibilities.” He handed her the tools she needed, watching in disbelief as Catalina confidently began to work. Her fingers moved swiftly, each part fitting perfectly into place as if guided by an unseen force. Minutes ticked by, and the tension in the air thickened with every successful turn of the screw.
Thunderous applause erupted and rocked the hall. When Catalina finished, the telescope stood tall and proud, restored to its former glory. The manager beamed, and his doubts vanished. “How did you do it？” he asked, amazement coloring his voice. Catalina smiled, her eyes shining with determination. “I've been preparing for this moment ever since grandpa gave me this telescope. I knew I could fix it because I know every part of it, just like I know every star in the sky.” That day, Catalina not only fixed the telescope but also proved to everyone that she was destined to become a great astronomer.
1(共97张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
Unit 6 Space and beyond
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
课前预习自检
重点合作探究
课堂效果检测
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
３
课后课时作业
4
课前预习自检
EYES UPON THE NIGHT
眺望夜空的眼睛
The night sky has been an endless source of fascination since the start of human history.
从人类有史以来，夜空就一直是让人浮想联翩的不竭源头。
For example, the mysterious large eyed, bronze statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom, discovered at the Chinese archeological site at Sanxingdui, were believed to have been able to look across great distances into the stars.
例如在中国考古遗址三星堆发掘的古蜀国神秘的巨目铜像，古时的人们认为它能够看到遥远的星空。
In reality, humans can see very little of the night sky with the naked eye.
事实上，人类仅凭肉眼只能看到夜空很小的一部分。
And, for a long while, people were unable to understand what they could see.
在很长一段时间里，人们无法理解他们所看到的东西。
Not knowing what the stars were, people in ancient times used their imaginations to create a world in the sky.
古时的人们并不知道星星到底是什么，他们便凭着想象去创造了一个空中世界。
①____________肉眼
②“主(people in ancient times)谓(used)宾(their imaginations)”。Not knowing ... 是现在分词短语作_________，其中what the stars were是what引导的______从句。to create ... in the sky是不定式短语作__________。
the naked eye
原因状语
宾语
目的状语
Our power to investigate and thus understand space changed dramatically when the first telescope was angled at the night sky, increasing as it did the power of the human eye and enabling us to understand that the universe is far larger than was previously imaginable.
当第一台望远镜对准夜空时，我们探索进而理解太空的能力就发生了巨大变化，它不仅增强了人类肉眼观测的能力，而且让我们明白宇宙要比之前想象的大得多。
The planets were seen to be worlds similar to our own, many of them even having their own moons.
每个行星都可以被视为和我们地球类似的星球，其中许多行星甚至有它们自己的卫星。
Soon, it was understood that the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy we call the Milky Way.
很快，我们明白太阳只不过是银河系中数十亿计的恒星中的一个。
Some 300 years later, we learnt that the Milky Way itself was just one galaxy among billions of others, spread across the blackness of space like great islands of light and matter floating in a vast cosmic ocean.
大约300年后，我们又得知银河系本身只是数十亿个散落在黑色太空中的星系之一，就像漂浮在宇宙汪洋中的一座光与物质组成的大型岛屿。
③_________ n. 望远镜
④ ______ v. 斜置
⑤ ______ n. 星系
⑥ ______ adj. 宇宙的
⑦“形式主语(it)谓语(was understood)真正的主语(that ...)”。we call the Milky Way是省略了关系代词__________ 的______从句。
telescope
angle
galaxy
cosmic
that/which
定语
Almost 400 years after the first Earth based telescope was invented, the Hubble Space Telescope was launched into orbit, giving astronomers—indeed all of us—the first breathtakingly beautiful images of our universe taken from beyond Earth.
第一个地基望远镜问世将近400年之后，哈勃空间望远镜发射入轨，不仅让天文学家——事实上还让我们所有人——第一次看见了来自地球之外令人叹为观止的宇宙美景。
Nothing in history has allowed us to see so much over such great distances, from enormous clouds of gas where stars are being born, to huge black holes, and even to new planets where we might conceivably find life.
它让我们史无前例地看到了如此遥远的景观——从星体诞生的巨大气体云团，到巨型黑洞，甚至到可能会发现生命迹象的新行星。
Not only that—it has also helped us to work out the age and nature of the universe, and discover the incredible fact that the universe is expanding at an ever increasing speed.
不仅如此，它还帮助我们测算宇宙的年龄并分析宇宙的本质，而且发现了不可思议的事实——宇宙正在以不断增加的速度扩大。
⑧___________ adv. 可以相信地；可想象地
⑨“主(Nothing in history)谓(has allowed)宾(us)宾补(to see so ... distances)”。where stars are being born和where we might conceivably find life是where引导的______从句，分别修饰clouds of gas和planets。
conceivably
定语
To see even further into the universe, many countries are now engaged in building ever more advanced telescopes.
为了能更加深入地观察宇宙，很多国家开始投入研发更先进的望远镜。
Currently, China operates the world's largest and most powerful radio telescope, the FAST telescope, completed in 2016.
近来，中国研发了世界上最大、功能最强的射电望远镜——FAST望远镜，于2016年建成。
The 500 metre dish of the “Eye of Heaven”， as it is known, is being used in the search for dark matter, thought to be composed of subatomic particles invisible to ordinary telescopes.
众所周知，这个被称为“天眼”的500米口径巨盘用于探寻暗物质——暗物质被认为由亚原子粒子组成，一般望远镜是观测不到的。
This vast dish also has the ability to explore regions of space billions of light years away, right at the edge of the visible universe.
这个巨盘还能探索数十亿光年之外的太空领域，那里是看得到的宇宙的边界。
⑩__________ adj. 亚原子的；原子内的
________ n. 粒子
________ adj. 看不见的
“主(many countries)系(are)表(engaged in building ... telescopes)”。To see even further into the universe是不定式作__________。
subatomic
particle
invisible
目的状语
The Hubble and the space telescopes constructed after it will allow us to see further and further into space.
哈勃望远镜以及在它之后建成的太空望远镜将使我们能看见更加遥远的太空。
We will view stars and galaxies billions of light years away and look back at a past that was billions of years ago.
我们将能观察几十亿光年外的星体和星系，回看数十亿年之前的过去。
Using ever larger radio telescopes as our eyes, we will one day be able to look back to a time in the very early universe, before the existence of light.
终将有一天，我们会使用更巨大的射电望远镜当作人类之眼，能够回看在光产生之前的宇宙的最早时期。
But the human quest for knowledge reaches even beyond that.
但人类对知识的渴望不止于此。
So much of the universe remains unexplored that we are still close to the start of this incredible journey of discovery.
宇宙还有很多的未知领域，我们才刚刚接近这段奇幻发现之旅的起点。
“主句(So much of ... unexplored)＋__________从句(that we are still ... discovery)”。so ... that ... 句型，意为“____________________”。
结果状语
如此……以至于……
重点合作探究
1 angle v. 斜置(教材P90)
归纳 拓展
情景 助记
①Tourists were scrambling over the rocks looking for the perfect camera angle.
旅行者们爬上岩石，寻找最完美的拍摄角度。
②She was angling for sympathy.
她有意博取同情。
③The tower of Pisa leans at an angle.
比萨斜塔塔身倾斜。
(1)单句语法填空
①The two roads lie _____ an angle of about 45 degrees.
②He was angling _____ an invitation to the party.
(2)单句表达
①安娜把照相机对准了那棵树。
Anna ________________ towards the tree.
②从任何角度来说，空腹大量饮酒对健康非常有害。
Viewed _____________， drinking heavily on an empty stomach is very harmful to health.
at
for
angled her camera
from any angle
2 fetch v. (去)拿来(教材P94)
归纳 拓展
情景 助记
①He sent his driver to fetch him a strawberry shake/fetch a strawberry shake for him.
他让司机去给他买一杯草莓奶昔。
②You must wash your hands before fetching water.
取水前一定要洗手。
③I was wondering if you would go down to the village and fetch the doctor.
我想你能否下楼去村里找位医生来。
(1)单句语法填空
①Please fetch me the dictionary ______ the study room.
②The caddie ran over to fetch something _____ him.
(2)单句表达
①我得从井里打水。
I had to _______________ the well.
②请把我抽屉里的磁带取来。
_________________________________ from my drawer, please.
from
for
fetch water from
Fetch me the tape/Fetch the tape for me
1 be engaged in 从事于……，忙于……(教材P92)
归纳 拓展
①He is now engaged on his second novel.
他正埋头写他的第二部小说。
②My grandma likes to engage herself in (＝be engaged in) gardening after her retirement.
我奶奶退休后喜欢忙于园艺。
③He is currently engaged as a consultant.
他现在受雇为顾问。
(1)单句语法填空
①I couldn't get through—the line's ________ (engage)．
②They had found a lot more activities to engage ____．
(2)一句多译
他想从事外贸。
He wants to _____________ foreign trade.
＝He wants to ________________ foreign trade.
engaged
in
be engaged in
engage himself in
2 be composed of 由……组成/构成(教材P92)
归纳 拓展
①The committee is composed mainly of lawyers.
委员会主要由律师组成。
②He composed his last opera shortly before he died.
他在创作出他最后一部歌剧后不久便去世了。
③Emma frowned, making an effort to compose herself.
埃玛皱起了眉头，努力使自己镇定下来。
④Lewis emerges as a composer of distinction and sensitivity.
路易斯脱颖而出，成为一位有卓越能力和敏锐度的作曲家。
⑤Mozart's compositions are undoubtedly among the world's greatest.
莫扎特的作品无疑位列于世界上最伟大的作品之中。
表示“由……组成/构成”的短语还有：be made up of, consist of。
(1)单句语法填空
①At the moment there is no course I enjoy more than ___________ (compose)．
②She tried to compose ________ (her) when she heard the shocking news.
③As a ________ (compose) he proved himself adept at large dramatic forms.
(2)同义句转换
The group is made up of ten people.
→The group _______________________ ten people.
composition
herself
composer
is composed of/consists of
1 The night sky has been an endless source of fascination since the start of human history.(教材P90)
从人类有史以来，夜空就一直是让人浮想联翩的不竭源头。
剖析 since引导时间状语从句。
归纳 拓展
①I was bitten by a dog once and I've been afraid of them ever since.
我曾被狗咬过，自那以后就一直害怕狗。
②It has been several months since we left our hometown.
我们离开家乡已经几个月了。
③It was many months since she had mentioned his name to Elizabeth.
她已经有好几个月没有在伊丽莎白面前提起过他的名字。
since引导的从句中，如果动词是非延续性动词，翻译时是肯定的，表示“自从……多久了”；如果动词是延续性动词，翻译时是否定的，即动作发生时间的起点应从该动作结束时算起，表示“自从(该动作)结束以来已有多久了”。
It is four years since I moved here.
自从我搬来这里已经有四年了。
It is three years since I smoked.
我已经戒烟三年了。
(1)单句语法填空
①It is nearly two years since I _____ (come) here.
②She had been worrying ever _____ the letter arrived.
(2)单句表达
①1982年他离开这个村子，从那以后我再没见过他。
He left the village in 1982 and I ______________ ever since.
②他搬到这个城市已经三个月了。
It has been three months _____________ to this city.
came
since
haven't seen him
since he moved
2 Our power to investigate and thus understand space changed dramatically when the first telescope was angled at the night sky, increasing as it did the power of the human eye and enabling us to understand that the universe is far larger than was previously imaginable.(教材P90)
当第一台望远镜对准夜空时，我们探索进而理解太空的能力就发生了巨大变化，它不仅增强了人类肉眼观测的能力，而且也让我们明白宇宙要比之前想象的大得多。
剖析 动词不定式短语to investigate and thus understand space作后置定语修饰power。
归纳拓展 不定式作后置定语：
(1)抽象名词time, way, ability, reason, chance, courage, opportunity等词后常用不定式作定语。
(2)不定代词something, nothing, little等词后常用不定式作定语。
(3)名词前若有序数词、形容词最高级、the only, the last等词修饰或被修饰词本身就是这类词时，其后通常用不定式作定语。
①He has blind faith in doctors' ability to find a cure.
他盲目相信医生有妙手回春的能力。
②The exhibition gives local artists an opportunity to display their work.
这次展览为当地艺术家提供了展示自己作品的机会。
③The new restaurant is nothing to get excited about.
这家新餐馆没有什么值得特别激动的地方。
(1)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面需跟相应的介词。
(2)如果不定式所表示的动作不是由主语发出的，此时主语是动作的承受者，则不定式应使用被动语态。
He was the last to come in, and we never even got a chance to be interviewed; however, he got the job.
他是最后一个进来的，我们甚至都没有机会被面试，然而他却得到了这份工作。
(1)单句语法填空
①Do you have any chance ______ (do) any sightseeing during your business trip to Paris
②Yangzhou is a good place to live _____．
③There was nothing further _________ (do) for this man.
to do
in
to be done
(2)单句表达
①做这事的方式是这样的。
The way ________ is like this.
②这是下班后唯一能喝一杯的地方。
This is _______________________ a drink after working hours.
to do it
the only place to get/have
3 Not only that—it has also helped us to work out the age and nature of the universe, and discover the incredible fact that the universe is expanding at an ever increasing speed.(教材P91)不仅如此，它还帮助我们测算宇宙的年龄并分析宇宙的本质，且发现了惊人的事实——宇宙正在以不断增加的速度扩大。
剖析 work out意为“计算出”。
归纳 拓展
①These figures work out differently each time I add them.
我每次把这些数字加起来的时候，计算出的结果都不同。
②To work as a translator, you need fluency in at least one foreign language.
要做一名译员，你至少要一门外语流利。
③We began to work on the project in May.
我们于五月份启动了这项工程。
④She treats the people who work for her as her equals.
她以平等的身份对待为她工作的人。
(1)写出下列句中work out的含义
①Don't worry; I'm sure we can work it out.______
②In fact, the trip worked out cheaper than we'd expected._______
③Every time you work out, you should begin and end with a few stretches.______
④We must work out a plan as quickly as possible.________
⑤You can't predict everything; often things don't work out as you expect.________
解决
结果是
锻炼
制订出
进展顺利
(2)单句表达
①她在外面忙着修理汽车。
She's outside, _________________．
②他们经常被迫做艰苦的体力工作，挣很少的钱。
They were often forced to _______________________ for little money.
③我拼命地转动脑筋，想要搞清楚发生了什么事。
My mind raced as I tried to _________________________．
working on the car
work at hard physical jobs
work out what was happening
课堂效果检测
Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子
1．He _______ (斜置) his chair so that he could sit and watch her.
2．First off, there's a difference between waves and ________ (粒子).
3．It takes a lot of ____________ (自律) to go jogging in winter.
4．NASA plans to launch a satellite to study _______ (宇宙的) rays.
5．Place the fish on a flat surface and sprinkle the flesh with lemon juice and _______ (胡椒粉).
angled
particles
self discipline
cosmic
pepper
6．This exercise will work the m______ of the lower back.
7．Within our own g_____， there are probably tens of thousands of planetary systems.
8．The space t________ has taken the clearest pictures ever of Mars.
9．Put a handkerchief over your mouth when you s______．
10．In our complicated world, s____________ reasoning doesn't always work.
uscles
alaxy
elescope
neeze
traightforward
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The air is full of millions of ________ (visible) germs.
2．That same transmission technology could ___________ (conceivable) be put on satellites as well.
3．They're freshly baked; I fetched them ______ the baker's this morning.
4．Small as they are, atoms are made up of still smaller units known as _________ (subatom) particles.
invisible
conceivably
from
subatomic
5．I'm making my roof ____ an angle to help the rain run off.
6．He had a chance _________ (confess) and expiate his guilt.
7．So far, eight workers ______________ (kill)．
8．There are a lot of benefits to working _____， especially in the mornings.
9．Believe it or not the number did have some basis ____ reality.
10．This has led scientists to speculate on the existence of other ________ (galaxy)．
at
to confess
have been killed
out
in
galaxies
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．It doesn‘t take much brain to _________ that both stories can’t be true.
2．He drove ____________ sixty miles per hour.
3．Every substance, no matter what it is, _____________ very small particles called molecules.
4．The soldiers ______________ a military operation close to the Ugandan border.
5．He‘s been working away without a rest __________ breakfast.
be engaged in, ever since, at a speed of, work out, be composed of
work out
at a speed of
is composed of
were engaged in
ever since
Ⅳ.单句表达
1．显微镜使我们能看到用肉眼看不见的有机组。
The microscope enables us to see organisms _______________________.
2．居民得走一英里路去取水。
The inhabitants have to walk a mile to ___________.
3．这个方案的具体细节尚需制订。
The fine detail of the plan has yet to _____________．
invisible to the naked eye
fetch water
be worked out
4．它以45度角指向外侧。
It was pointing outward ______________________.
5．有些行星用好的望远镜才可以看到。
Some planets are visible with ________________．
at an angle of 45 degrees
a good telescope
课后课时作业
较易题(占比25%) 中档题(占比50%) 拔高题(占比25%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ
难度 ★★ ★★ ★ ★★★
Ⅰ 阅读
Thanks to the $10bn James Webb Space Telescope, we are beginning to “see” the radiant heat of the early universe like never before. On Monday night, to the excitement of professional astronomers and amateurs the world over, the telescope's first full colour image of deep space was released. The striking image, taken at minimally explored wavelengths and never before seen resolution, reveals a large number of universal objects.
The image is yet to be fully analysed but some objects are relics (遗迹) dating to within 0.7bn years of the Big Bang, the explosion that created our universe 13.8bn years ago. A new era (时代) of astronomy, in which we can finally see the oldest objects in the universe and gain a fuller understanding of its origins, has officially begun.
Tuesday saw four more important results emerging from the Webb's first week of observations. Chris Lintott, professor of astrophysics at Oxford University and a researcher on galaxy (星系) formation, said he was blown away by the quality and beauty of the images. “It knocked my socks off，” Lintott said on Tuesday. “I was sitting in a roomful of galaxy experts when the Stephan's Quintet image was shown, and jaws hit the floor. The Webb is going to produce some of the most amazing pictures of the space age.”
Webb's “first deep field”， as the image of deep space released on Monday is known, is a picture taken over 12.5 hours. It shows the cotton wool like galaxy cluster (团) SMACS 0723 centrally in the foreground, plus bright white stars.
As Lintott points out, bigger light collecting mirrors result in sharper images, of the type that Webb is now delivering. The investment in the James Webb Space Telescope's large foldable mirror has paid off. It is hard to believe that the Earth orbiting telescope, regarded as one of the most complex engineering projects ever attempted and nearly cancelled a decade ago, has begun operating successfully.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜发布了首张深空全彩图像，揭示了大量的宇宙天体，这标志着一个天文学的新时代正式开始了，人们可以更好地了解宇宙中最古老的物体的起源。
1．What may be most probably talked about before Paragraph 1
A．The radiant heat.
B．Some astronomers.
C．Some universal objects.
D．The history of mankind.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Thanks to the ... like never before.(多亏了价值100亿美元的詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜，我们开始以前所未有的方式‘看到’早期宇宙的辐射热。)”可推知，在第一段之前最有可能讨论的是辐射热。故选A。
2．How did Chris Lintott react to Stephan's Quintet image
A．He was humble. B．He was tolerant.
C．He was surprised. D．He was prejudiced.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Chris Lintott, professor of astrophysics ... hit the floor.(研究星系形成的牛津大学天体物理学教授Chris Lintott (克里斯·林托特)说，他被这些图像的质量和美丽所震撼。‘这让我大吃一惊，’Lintott周二说。‘当Stephan (斯蒂芬)五重奏的图像被展示出来时，我正坐在一屋子星系专家的房间里，大家都目瞪口呆。)”可知，Chris Lintott对Stephan的五重奏图像感到很惊讶。故选C。
3．What can we know about Webb according to the last paragraph
A．It is a complex project.
B．It is regarded useless.
C．It was put into use a decade ago.
D．It was innovated by Chris Lintott.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“It is hard to believe that ... has begun operating successfully.(这架绕地球运行的望远镜被认为是有史以来最复杂的工程项目之一，十年前几乎被取消，但现在它已经开始成功运行了，这很难让人相信。)”可知，Webb是一个复杂的工程项目。故选A。
4．Which would be a suitable title for the passage
A．The story of an inventor
B．Chris Lintott made a breakthrough
C．The image of relics of the Big Bang
D．A new era of astronomy has begun
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜发布了首张深空全彩图像，揭示了大量的宇宙天体，这标志着一个天文学的新时代正式开始了，人们可以更好地了解宇宙中最古老的物体的起源。D项(天文学的新时代已经开始)最适合作为文章标题。故选D。
Ⅱ 完形填空
Bend, a small town in Oregon, is called “moon country”. Before the astronauts ever __1__ it to the moon, they trained in Bend. When Jim Irwin came to Bend for __2__， he made friends with Floyd Watson, a(n) __3__ resident, who was the building inspector for the city. Five years later, Irwin was __4__ for the Apollo 15 moon landing.
When the news that his old friend would go to the moon came to Watson's __5__， he chose a piece of lava rock (火山岩), near Devil's Lake, __6__ it in paper. Then he posted it to Irwin with a letter where he __7__ him and made a request, “I am sending you a __8__ piece of Central Oregon lava, which I hope you will be able to __9__ to the moon for me.” Off went the letter, and Watson thought __10__ of it. A few months later, on July 26, 1971, Irwin__11__ to the moon with David Scott and Alfred Worden.
And a few weeks after their __12__， Watson got an unexpected letter from Irwin. “I did carry your piece of lava to the moon and left it there，” Irwin wrote and enclosed (附上) a __13__ of it, with the small piece of Oregon lava __14__ with an arrow and the words “Oregon lava on the moon”！ For Watson the letter and the picture were __15__. And, of course, he never looked at the moon the same way again.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了宇航员Jim Irwin(吉米·欧文)在登上月球时携带着朋友Floyd Watson(弗洛伊德·沃森)的火山岩并把它放在了月球上的故事。
1．A.did B．made
C．took D．grasped
解析：句意：在宇航员成功登上月球之前，他们在Bend(本德)接受训练。make it “获得成功”，即成功登上月球。故选B。
2．A.adventure B．research
C．amusement D．practice
解析：adventure 冒险；research 研究；amusement 消遣；practice 练习。根据上文“they trained in Bend”可知，Jim Irwin来到Bend接受登月训练。故选D。
3．A.local B．aggressive
C．gifted D．academic
解析：根据下文“who was the building inspector for the city”可推断，Floyd Watson是当地居民。故选A。
4．A.carried out B．picked out
C．ruled out D．checked out
解析：carry out 实施；pick out 挑选出；rule out 排除，取消；check out 检验。根据下文“When the news that his old friend would go to the moon”可知，五年后，Irwin被选中参加阿波罗15号登月计划。故选B。
5．A.sense B．rescue
C．knowledge D．assistance
解析：句意：当他的老朋友要去月球的消息传到Watson那里时，他选择了魔鬼湖附近的一块火山岩，用纸把它包裹起来。come to one's knowledge “被某人知道”。故选C。
6．A.enveloped B．measured
C．designed D．transformed
解析：根据下文“in paper”及“Then he posted it to Irwin with a letter”可推知，此处指用纸把火山岩包起来。故选A。
7．A.thanked B．welcomed
C．congratulated D．followed
解析：thank 感谢；welcome 欢迎；congratulate 祝贺；follow 跟着。此处作定语从句的谓语，表示Floyd在信中祝贺Irwin被选上去登月。故选C。
8．A.huge B．valuable
C．unique D．tiny
解析：huge 巨大的；valuable 有价值的；unique 独特的；tiny 小的。根据上文“__6__ it in paper”并结合选项可知，能把火山岩包在纸里，说明火山岩不大。下文“the small piece of Oregon lava __14__”也提示了是块小火山岩。故选D。
9．A.fly B．deliver
C．orbit D．float
解析：根据下文“I did carry your piece of lava to the moon and left it there”可知，此处指Watson希望Irwin能帮他把火山岩送到月球上”。故选B。
10．A.much B．highly
C．little D．low
解析：根据下文“Watson got an unexpected letter from Irwin”可知，Watson当时对这件事并没有太在意。think little of “轻视，不在意”。故选C。
11．A.escaped B．rushed
C．wandered D．journeyed
解析：根据语境可知，Irwin和其他两名宇航员登上月球。此处journey用作动词，表示“旅行(尤指长途)”。故选D。
12．A.arrival B．return
C．application D．campaign
解析： arrival 到达；return 返回；application 应用；campaign 运动。根据下文“Watson got an unexpected letter from Irwin”可知，此处指他们从月球上回来了几周后，Watson意外地收到了Irwin的来信。故选B。
13．A.postcard B．drawing
C．photo D．note
解析：postcard 明信片；drawing 图画；photo 照片；note 笔记本。根据下文“the letter and the picture”可知，Irwin写信给Watson，还附了一张照片。故选C。
14．A.equipped B．decorated
C．covered D．marked
解析：根据下文“with an arrow”可知，此处指那一小块俄勒冈火山岩被箭头标记。be marked with “用……标注”。故选D。
15．A.reliable B．precious
C．permanent D．realistic
解析：reliable 可靠的；precious 珍贵的；permanent 永久的；realistic 现实的。老朋友Irwin把自己的火山岩带到了月球，拍了照片并写信寄给Watson。对Watson来说，这封信和照片很珍贵。故选B。
Ⅲ 语法填空
2017 witnessed the 45th anniversary of the __1__ (establish) of Sino German diplomatic relations. Many __2__ (activity) with Chinese culture as the theme were held in Berlin, the capital of Germany. When __3__ (walk) in Berlin, people can really feel that this city deserves its title as the largest city in Germany. The history of Berlin could __4__ (trace) back to over 800 years ago. In 18th century, Berlin became the capital of the Kingdom of Prussia. In 1871, Otto Von Bismarck, Minister President of Prussia, unified the German States. In modern times, Berlin became the city with the greatest vitality in Germany because __5__ its emerging buildings and dynamic culture.
In the very center is the famous BrandenBurg Gate, the construction of __6__ started in 1789 and was completed in 1791. This BrandenBurg Gate has become a symbol of Germany. If people take __7__ look at the modern Germany history, they can find that this gate was __8__ (repeat) involved at critical moments.
After World War Ⅱ， the Berlin Wall stood in front of the Brandenburg Gate, and remained a symbol of separation for as __9__ (long) as 28 years. After the German reunification, this area around the gate was finally restored according to __10__ (it) original design.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5．________
6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9．________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了德国柏林的历史及勃兰登堡门。
1．答案：establishment
解析：考查词性转换。根据设空前the和设空后of可知，设空处应用名词，establishment意为“建立；创立”，为不可数名词。故填establishment。
2．答案：activities
解析：考查名词。设空前Many修饰可数名词复数。故填activities。
3．答案：walking
解析：考查状语从句的省略。when引导时间状语从句，当从句的主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语动词中含有be时，则省略主语和be，从句补充完整为“when people are walking in Berlin”。故填walking。
4．答案：be traced
解析：考查动词的语态和情态动词。trace sth back to意为“追溯”，主语The history与trace为被动关系，且情态动词could后应用动词原形。故填be traced。
5．答案：of
解析：考查介词。设空后为名词短语its emerging buildings and dynamic culture，because后跟句子，because of后跟名词短语。故填of。
6．答案：which
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为BrandenBurg Gate，指物，引导词代替先行词在句中作介词of的宾语。故填which。
7．答案：a
解析：考查冠词。take a look at意为“看一看”，为固定短语。故填a。
8．答案：repeatedly
解析：考查词性转换。应用副词修饰动词involved。故填repeatedly。
9．答案：long
解析：考查固定短语。as long as意为“长达；只要”，为固定短语。故填long。
10．答案：its
解析：考查代词。应用形容词性物主代词修饰名词design。故填its。
Ⅳ 读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
As Papá fell sound asleep, Catalina slid from her bed and felt her way to the front door. The girl waited a moment to see if any of her family would wake, but nobody stirred. She tiptoed upstairs to her “Observatory”， longing for drinking in deep lungfuls of the clear night air under the bright stars.
She polished her dear telescope, which was presented by her grandpa, the only one to support her dream. She assembled (组装) it, disassembled it and reassembled it repeatedly, knowing its parts very well.
Through it she could explore the unknown galaxy, the Milky Way stretching across the deep blue sky. Night was always her favorite time. When everything was quiet, she was lost in her starry night. At this moment, she seemed to forget her cares and sorrows in the daytime.
She told her secret dream to these beloved ones, her friends, teachers and even her father. When she said, “Papá， I want to be an astronomer working in the Cerro Tololo Inter American Observatory someday，” her father replied, “Maybe if you work hard, you'll be hired to clean the offices.” No one believed she would be a scientist one day. But why She knew she could be a good scientist. She knew it!
A big day was coming—to visit the Cerro Tololo Inter American Observatory, where she had visited for dozens of times, familiar with every set of the instruments there. This time with her classmates she was still eager for something stimulating.
She took a cautious step forward, holding her breath, and her eyes getting closer to the lens (镜片) of the telescope. She adjusted the device softly and carefully, hoping to find more ... “Bang! ...” suddenly there came a loud noise. One of her old friends “one meter” telescope fell down, broken.
“Look out! Stop touching anything! Step backward！” The manager yelled.
“One meter is broken, but the scientist has the day off. Nobody can fix it，” an operator added. Worries blanketed the hall.
“I CAN FIX IT！” Catalina's voice was surprisingly calm.
“You what ... ？” The manager uttered, confused, and doubted.
“It has 67 parts in total. An adjustable spanner (扳手) and a star screwdriver (螺丝刀) can help.”
“Then you know how to assemble it.” His eyes wide open, he still half believed.
Confidently, she nodded.
Hesitating for a second, the manager agreed, “Just do it, and I‘ll take all responsibilities.”﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
Thunderous applause erupted and rocked the hall.﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
注意：
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写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。Catalina (卡塔利娜)热爱天文学，祖父是家里唯一支持她梦想的人。在参观天文馆时，望远镜坏了，Catalina自告奋勇要修理天文望远镜，经理同意了。Catalina是怎样修理的？Catalina的天文学家的梦想会不会因此更近一步？
[精彩范文]
Hesitating for a second, the manager agreed, “Just do it, and I'll take all responsibilities.” He handed her the tools she needed, watching in disbelief as Catalina confidently began to work. Her fingers moved swiftly, each part fitting perfectly into place as if guided by an unseen force. Minutes ticked by, and the tension in the air thickened with every successful turn of the screw.
Thunderous applause erupted and rocked the hall. When Catalina finished, the telescope stood tall and proud, restored to its former glory. The manager beamed, and his doubts vanished. “How did you do it？” he asked, amazement coloring his voice. Catalina smiled, her eyes shining with determination. “I've been preparing for this moment ever since grandpa gave me this telescope. I knew I could fix it because I know every part of it, just like I know every star in the sky.” That day, Catalina not only fixed the telescope but also proved to everyone that she was destined to become a great astronomer.
