【高考突破方案】语法 专题2 第2讲 非谓语动词 高考一轮总复习英语课件

(共60张PPT)
语法悟通　专题突破
专题二　“形”“态”各异的动词
第二讲　非谓语动词
集训夯基 · 素养提能
考点突破 · 精讲即练
考点突破 · 精讲即练
情景导入
Good afternoon，ladies and gentlemen.It is a great honor for me to introduce① this English speech contest.As we all know, to master② a foreign language is very important for us.Taking part in③ an English speech contest is a helpful way to learn④ English.Everyone wants to show⑤ their best.When we have been preparing for it，we can improve our listening and speaking⑥ ability，developing⑦a good habit of learning⑧ English.
In the process of the competition，you should pay attention to the rules made⑨ by us.First，you should make your voice heard⑩ clearly by everyone, so reading aloud is very necessary.Second，you should try your best to express yourself in fluent English.Finally, you should finish your speech in five minutes.
I am sure the English speech competition will be a great success and the audience will feel satisfied with our performance.Thank you!
用法感悟
1．①to introduce this English speech contest 是不定式短语作真正的____语， _____是形式主语。
②to master a foreign language是不定式短语作____语。
④to learn English是不定式短语作____语，修饰way。
⑤to show their best是不定式短语作____语。
to express yourself in English fluently是不定式短语作______语。
主
it
主
定
宾
目的状
2．③Taking part in an English speech contest reading aloud都是动名词短语作____语。
⑥listening and speaking是动名词作____语，修饰 ability，表示类别。
⑧learning English是动名词短语作介词of的____语。
主
定
宾
3．⑦developing a good habit of learning English是现在分词短语作____语。
⑨made by us是过去分词短语作____语。
⑩heard clearly by everyone是过去分词短语作_________语。
satisfied是分词形容词，在句中作____语，意为“感到满意的”。
状
定
宾语补足
表
非谓语动词概述
1．什么是非谓语动词
非谓语动词是动词的特殊形式，在句子中可以充当谓语以外的成分。
2．非谓语动词在句子中的作用
一个句子中已存在一个谓语动词，又没有连词的情况下，再出现一个动词则用非谓语动词。
She got off the bus，but she left her handbag on the seat.(有并列连词，所以用谓语动词)
She got off the bus，leaving her handbag on the seat.(没有连词，所以用非谓语动词)
3．非谓语动词的种类：动词-ing形式、过去分词和不定式。
考点一　非谓语动词作状语
一、动词不定式作状语，表示目的、结果、原因等
1．作目的状语，有时也用in order to或so as to，但so as to不用于句首。
(2022·全国甲卷满分作文)We will continue our campaign to prevent and control ocean pollution to make our oceans clean.
我们将继续我们的运动，以预防和控制海洋污染，使我们的海洋变得干净。
2．作结果状语，常用结构enough to, too...to..., only to 等。
I'm too tired to stay up any longer.
我太累了，实在不能再熬夜了。
3．作原因状语，此时常与表示情感的形容词连用，如glad, happy, frightened, surprised 等。
I was frightened to find that in front of my door sat a dog.
我惊恐地发现我家门前坐着一只狗。
二、动词-ing 形式作状语
动词-ing 形式作状语，常表示原因、伴随、时间、结果等，与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
Walking in the street，I came across an old friend.(时间状语)
走在大街上，我碰到一个老朋友。
Having waited in line for two hours，the old man became impatient.(原因状语)
已经排了两小时的队，这个老人变得不耐烦了。
His parents died, leaving him an orphan.(结果状语)
他的父母去世了，让他成了孤儿。
【点津】
动词不定式作结果状语时，常表示意想不到的结果；而动词-ing 形式作结果状语时，常表示自然而然的结果。
三、过去分词作状语
1．过去分词作状语，分词与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
Seriously injured, she has to be sent to the hospital at once.
她受了重伤，必须马上送往医院。
2．某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构中，此时这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，如lost (迷路的), seated (坐着的), hidden (隐瞒的), lost/absorbed in (沉溺于), dressed in (穿着……的), tired of (对……感到厌倦的)等。
Absorbed in the book, he didn't notice me enter the room.
他完全被这本书所吸引，没有注意到我进入房间。
【点津】
独立成分作状语，其形式不受上下文的影响。常用的有considering that...(鉴于……；考虑到……)；generally speaking(总的来说); judging by/from...(从……来看；依据……来判断); supposing that...(假定……); providing that...(假定……); owing to...(由于……); talking/speaking of...(谈及……); given that...(考虑到……)；provided that...(如果……); to tell the truth (实话实说)；to be honest (老实说)等。
即时演练(一)
单句语法填空
1．He hurried to the station, only _________________ (inform) that the train had left.
2．______________ (remember) all the questions you have when you are not in the doctor's office, write them down and bring the list with you to your appointment.
to be informed
To remember
3．He was a tall man in his fifties, __________ (dress) in a business suit.
4．She has never seen such a collective dedication from a nation, __________ (turn) things for the better by sacrificing personal convenience.
5．He used to be addicted to electronic devices and stay up late every night, __________ (trap) in an unhealthy daily routine.
dressed
turning
trapped
考点二　非谓语动词作定语
一、动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系、动宾关系或同位关系。
(1)当被修饰词是序数词或被序数词，the only，the next等修饰时，常常用to do 作定语。
She is always the first to come and the last to leave.(主谓关系)
她总是第一个来，最后一个离开。
(2)用在固定句型sb.have sth.to do和 there be sth.to do中。
Students complain that they have endless homework to do every day.(动宾关系)
学生们抱怨他们每天有做不完的作业。
(3)修饰某些名词，如chance，opportunity，way，ability，plan，appeal，privilege等。
His last appeal to come and see her went unanswered.(同位关系)
没有人答应他最后要来看她的请求。
二、动词-ing形式作定语
1．该动词与被修饰的名词之间为主谓关系或用来表示正在进行的动作时，用动词-ing 形式。
The lecture, starting at 7 o'clock last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.
这次演讲开始于昨天晚上7点，紧接着是用望远镜观看月球的活动。
【点津】
被修饰的名词与动词-ing之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时，用动词-ing形式的被动式作定语。
2．表示被修饰词的某种用途，在意义上相当于“名词＋for＋doing”，此时动词-ing形式常置于被修饰词的前面。
a swimming pool＝a pool for swimming游泳池
a waiting room＝a room for waiting候车室
三、过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语，分词与被修饰的名词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
建于1911 年的清华大学培养出了众多杰出人物。
【点津】
作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有doing和done两种。doing 表示正在进行；done表示已经完成。
即时演练(二)
单句语法填空
1．They held hands as Mark was wheeled into the ____________ (operate) room.
2．I admit I was too scared at that moment and the uncle ___________ (stand) beside me was giving me an awkward look.
3．The report, which was published in The Lancet in 2019, was based on research done with students _______ (age) 11 to 17 in 146 different countries.
operating
standing
aged
4．In my everyday life, I am on an ongoing journey to figure out different ways ____________ (reduce) my carbon footprint on the planet.
5．They find comfort among the shelves _________ (pack) high with books and appreciate the smiling faces of librarians eager to help.
to reduce
packed
考点三　非谓语动词作补足语
1．感官动词和短语(see，watch，observe，notice，look at，hear，listen to，feel)后面的宾语补足语常见的非谓语动词形式有三种(do, doing, done)。do表示主动和完成(被动句中动词不定式符号to要还原)，doing表示主动或正在进行，done 表示被动或完成。
The missing boy was last seen playing near the river.
失踪的男孩最后一次被看到时正在河边玩耍。
I hear the song sung every time I pass by the coffee shop.
每当我经过这家咖啡屋，我都能听到有人唱这首歌。
I often hear the girl sing the song which is popular recently.＝The girl is often heard to sing the song which is popular recently.
我经常听到这个小女孩唱这首最近很流行的歌。
2．动词let, make, have, get, leave, keep, find，catch后接非谓语动词形式作宾语补足语。
On the contrary, those who let teenagers experience the consequences of their actions can do better.
相反，那些让青少年体验他们行为后果的人能够做得更优秀。
She had to raise her voice to make herself heard.
她不得不提高嗓门使自己被听到。
The headmaster was angry to catch some students smoking again.
又一次抓住一些学生吸烟，校长很生气。
3．固定短语(如advise/allow/encourage/request/warn/invite sb. to do sth.等)中动词不定式作宾语补足语。
I am writing to invite you to come to my birthday party.
我写信邀请您来参加我的生日晚会。
4．with/without的复合结构：with/without＋名词/代词＋doing (表示主动、进行)/done(表示被动、完成)/to do(表示目的、将来)。
Without anyone noticing me, I stole into the room.
没有人注意到我，我偷偷溜进了房间。
With his hair cut，he looked much younger.
理了发，他看起来年轻多了。
With a lot of homework to do，I can't go skating with you.
因为有很多作业要做，所以我不能和你一起去滑冰。
即时演练(三)
单句语法填空
1．She returned home, only to find the door open and a number of things _______ (go)．
2．With a lot of difficult problems ____________ (settle), he can't get home early.
3．With the boy __________ (lead) the way, the soldiers managed to walk through the forest.
gone
to settle
leading
4．Not seeing or hearing any fire engines ______________ (approach), Grant rushed to a side entrance and ran up the stairs.
5．Fu believes it was his scientific approach to training that enabled him ______________ (overcome) those difficulties and reach his destination.
approaching
to overcome
考点四　非谓语动词作宾语
1．下列动词只能用动词不定式作宾语
decide/determine, learn， want, expect/hope/wish， refuse, afford, manage， pretend, offer, promise， choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, help 记忆口诀
决心学会想希望
拒绝给予设法装
主动答应选计划
同意请求帮一帮
She pretended not to see me when I passed by.
当我经过时，她假装没看见我。
2．下列动词只能用动词-ing形式作宾语
avoid, miss, delay， suggest, finish, practice， enjoy, imagine, resist， admit, deny, envy， escape, risk, pardon， stand, keep, mind 记忆口诀
避免错过少延期
建议完成多练习
喜欢想象禁不住
承认否定与妒忌
逃脱冒险莫原谅
忍受保持不在意
We enjoy reading English stories.
我们喜欢读英语故事。
【点津】
如果作宾语的动词不定式有宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，将真正的宾语后置。
I find it impossible to change her idea.
我发现改变她的想法是不可能的。
4．“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构
动词不定式可以与疑问代词和疑问副词(why除外)等连用，构成动词不定式短语，在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、同位语等。
I didn't know how to get back to the village.
我不知道怎样回到村子。
Experience tells you what to do; confidence allows you to do it.
经验告诉你做什么，而信心让你去做这件事。
5．固定结构“do/have/其他动词＋sth.＋but/except (to) do sth.”中的动词不定式用法：要遵循前有实义动词do，but/except后则无to，反之则有to的原则。
She had no choice but to cry in the face of the difficulty.
面对困难，除了哭泣，她别无选择。
即时演练(四)
单句语法填空
1．Eventually Deere expects _________ (add) other tasks to the autonomous tractor.
2．There is no denying that China is one of the most successful countries in ___________ (green) the desert.
3．I'm considering _________ (buy) an iPad, which is considered to be a useful tool.
to add
greening
buying
4．As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need _____________________ (repair).
5．Even though people initially laughed at him, he finally managed __________ (give) his hometown a path available to the nearby town.
repairing/to be repaired
to give
考点五　非谓语动词作主语、表语
一、非谓语动词中可以作主语的有动词-ing形式和动词不定式
1．动词-ing形式作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性的动作；动词不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未发生的动作。
Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working them out.
直面问题而不是逃避问题才是解决问题的最佳途径。
2．it作形式主语，代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动词-ing形式，常见句型如下：
It is/was no use/good doing sth.; It is/was not any use/good doing sth.; It is/was of little use/good doing sth.; It is/was useless doing sth.; It's a waste of time doing sth.; It takes sb. some time to do sth.；It is easy/important/vital/
necessary/difficult...(for/of sb.) to do sth.等。
It's important for the figures to be updated regularly.
经常性地更新数据是非常重要的。
二、非谓语动词中能作表语的有动词-ing形式、过去分词和动词不定式
动词-ing形式作表语意为“令人感到……的”，而过去分词作表语意为“感到……的”。
Please describe a dog that is frightening.
请描述一只令人害怕的狗。
Please describe a dog that is frightened.
请描述一只惊恐的狗。
【点津】
get, become, look, seem, appear 等系动词后可跟过去分词作表语，表示被动或主语的状态。
This quotation from Winston Churchill tells us that we shouldn't get discouraged right after failure.
温斯顿·丘吉尔的这句话告诉我们，失败后不应该气馁。
即时演练(五)
单句语法填空
1．It's no good _____________ (regret) your past mistakes.
2．Fortunately, nowadays it is much easier __________ (make) eco-friendly lifestyle choices.
3．I got caught in the traffic jam and I'm not sure how long it will take ____________ (arrive) at the airport.
regretting
to make
to arrive
4．What worried the child most was his ____________________ (not, allow) to visit his mother in the hospital.
5．It is, therefore, urgent ____________ (update) our curricula by introducing the recent developments in the relevant fields.
not being allowed
to update
考点六　非谓语动词的时态和语态
类别 语态形式 时态形式 主动 被动
动词不定式　 一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing
完成式 to have done to have been done
动词-ing 形式 一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
过去分词 一般式 done
一、主动形式和被动形式
非谓语动词与逻辑主语(通常是句子的主语)之间存在主谓或动宾关系。与逻辑主语之间存在主谓关系时，用主动形式；与逻辑主语之间存在动宾关系时，用被动形式。
The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance.
明天举行的会议非常重要。
二、时间先后关系
根据非谓语动词与谓语动词表示的动作之间的时间先后关系定时态。
1．非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时发生，用非谓语动词的一般式。
2．非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，用非谓语动词的完成式。
Having finished his homework, he went to bed.
他完成作业后就去睡觉了。
即时演练(六)
单句语法填空
1．The novel is believed to _______________________ (translate) into ten foreign languages so far.
2．The manager, ______________ (make) it clear that he didn't agree with us, left the meeting room.
3．_____________________ (talk) to change my attitude, I finally got the right way to rid myself of carelessness and gained confidence as well.
have been translated
having made
Having been talked
4．The police are said ____________________ (undertake) detailed investigations into the case at present.
5．In fact, much remains _____________________________ (learn) about traditional Chinese painting and its elements.
6．(2024·四川省高职单招)The Olympic Games, first _________ (play)in 776 BC, did not include women players until 1912.
to be undertaking
to be learned/to be learnt
played
【例1】　These days, it is not unusual for 10-to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders to begin (begin) computer classes.
分析：此处是“it is＋形容词＋ for sb. to do sth.”结构，该结构中， it作形式主语，真正的主语为动词不定式。故填to begin。
【例2】　On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars， listening (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
分析：分析句子结构可知，空前为完整的句子，设空处应用非谓语动词。 we与listen之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表主动和伴随，应用动词-ing形式作状语。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题， and后的meeting interesting locals为动词-ing形式，故填 listening。
【例3】　Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans to retire (retire) from her 36-year-old business.
分析：分析句子结构可知，从句中已有谓语动词 had，设空处与had 之间无连词连接，应用非谓语动词形式；设空处作名词 plans的后置定语，应用动词不定式。故填to retire。
【例4】　Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish.
分析：句意：帕拉森和她的丈夫现在认为戒指可能是被扫到一堆厨房垃圾里去了。空前是系动词 got, sweep 与 the ring之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作表语。故填swept。