【高考突破方案】语法 专题3 第4讲 特殊句式 高考一轮总复习英语课件

(共43张PPT)
语法悟通　专题突破
专题三　三大从句和特殊句式
第四讲　特殊句式
集训夯基 · 素养提能
考点突破 · 精讲即练
考点突破 · 精讲即练
情景导入
It was at midnight that① Lucy woke up.So hungry was she that② she realized that she did③ have to get up to get something to eat.She went to the kitchen.There was a cabbage，some hams and some eggs in the fridge.No sooner had she taken out what she needed than④ she realized she had no idea how to deal with the food.“Had I learned⑤ cooking from my mother, I would have become a good cook，”she sighed.
用法感悟
1．属于部分倒装的有：____________
2．属于强调句型的有：_____强调谓语动词的是________
②④⑤
①
③
考点一　强调句
一、强调句
1．强调句的基本句型结构：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分。该句型可对句子的主语、宾语、状语等进行强调。当强调部分是人，且作主语时，引导词也可用who。强调主语时要注意连接词与谓语的一致性。
It is our teacher who/that helps us make great progress.
是我们的老师帮助我们取得了巨大的进步。
2．强调句的一般疑问句结构：Is/Was＋it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？
Was it in the park that he met our new teacher
他是在公园里遇到了我们的新老师吗？
3．强调句的特殊疑问句结构：疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that/who＋句子其他部分？
When was it that he made up his mind to take this course
他是什么时候决定上这门课的？
【点津】
由疑问词引导的强调结构作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序。
He asked me who it was that took his umbrella by mistake.
他问我是谁错拿了他的伞。
4．not ... until ...句型的强调结构：It is/was not until...that...。
It was not until twelve o'clock last night that I went to bed.
昨天晚上直到十二点我才去睡觉。
二、强调谓语动词
用助动词do，does或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定陈述句中，do还可以用于祈使句。
The family did manage to send him to a technical school.
这家人确实设法把他送到了一所技术学校。
三、强调句与三大从句的区别
类型 区别
与主语 从句 强调句去掉It is/was和that 之后，句子结构仍然完整，而主语从句却不能。
It is there that accidents often happen.(强调句)
It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.(主语从句)
类型 区别
与定语 从句 强调句中that没有意义，且不作任何成分，而定语从句中that为关系代词，在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。
It is novels that Miss William enjoys reading.(强调句)
It is a question that needs careful consideration.(定语从句)
类型 区别
与时间 状语从句 强调句去掉It is/was和that后，结构仍然完整，而It is ...when...中，it指代时间。
It was at six o'clock that I got up today.(强调句)
It was six o'clock when I got up today.(时间状语从句)
即时演练(一)
单句语法填空
1．I can't remember what it was _______ made the teacher give Mary the permission to leave the class earlier.
2．_____ was because I was stuck in the traffic that I came late.
3．It was he ___________ showed me how to smile through the tough times.
4．It was not until we heard that she was safe and sound _______ we finally breathed a sigh of relief.
5．Was it yesterday _______ you met your teacher in the street
that
It
that/who
that
that
考点二　省略句
一、状语从句的省略
在时间、让步、方式、条件、地点等状语从句中，如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it，而且状语从句的谓语中有be动词，可以将从句中的主语连同be动词一起省略。
While (I was) walking the dog on the street the other day, I met one of my old friends.
前几天在街上遛狗的时候，我遇到了我的一位老朋友。
If (you are) asked to look after luggage for someone else, you should inform the police at once.
如果被要求替别人照看行李，你应该立即通知警察。
There are some health problems that, if/when (some health problems are) not treated in time, can become bigger ones later on.
有些健康问题，如果不及时治疗，以后会变得更严重。
二、动词不定式的省略
1．动词不定式作动词(expect, refuse, mean, like, love, prefer, wish, hope, want 等)的宾语或作一些动词(expect，want, tell，order等)的宾补时，常承前省略动词不定式后的内容，但保留动词不定式符号to。
John didn't pass his driving test, but I expected him to (pass his driving test)．
约翰没有通过驾照考试，不过我希望他能通过。
2．当动词不定式在形容词(glad，happy，pleased，delighted, anxious等)后作状语时，to后的内容常承前省略。
—Would you like to come to the party
—I'm glad to (come to the party)．
——你愿意来参加聚会吗？
——我很乐意去(参加聚会)。
【点津】
如果动词不定式中含有be，have，have been时，通常保留be，have，have been。
三、so/not构成替代省略
英语中还常常用so/not等来代替省略的肯定内容或否定内容，so/not多跟在以I'm afraid, I hope, I think, I guess, I believe等开头的答句中。
—Do you think it will rain
—I hope so/not.
——你认为会下雨吗？
——我希望下/不下。
四、常用的与if相关的省略结构
if ever如果曾经发生过的话
if busy如果忙的话
if possible如果有可能的话
if so如果这样的话
if not如果不这样的话
if necessary如果有必要的话
即时演练(二)
单句语法填空
1．They face a lot of challenges when _________ (try) to get food.
2．I hope it will be fine this Sunday. If ____, we'll go for an outing.
3．Though _________ (face) great pressure, the speakers bravely overcame it.
4．Music and art, when _______ (use) in hospitals, help to improve the conditions of patients by reducing stress, anxiety and blood pressure.
5．While ___________ (stand) there, he heard a cry for help.
trying
so
facing
used
standing
考点三　倒装句
一、部分倒装
1．表示否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有never, seldom, rarely, little, few, at no time, by no means, no longer, hardly/scarcely ...when ..., no sooner ...than ..., not only ...but also ..., not ...until ..., nowhere, neither ... nor ... 等。
Seldom had he seen a child with so much talent.
他很少见到如此有天赋的孩子。
By no means shall we give up.
我们决不会放弃。
2．“only＋状语(从句)”置于句首时，句子(主句)要用部分倒装。
Only when he returned did we find out the truth.
只有当他回来之后，我们才发现事实的真相。
3．so/such ... that ... 结构中的so，such连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。
So beautiful was the girl that she won the championship in the beauty contest.
这位小女孩非常漂亮，所以她赢得了选美比赛的冠军。
4．表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/
nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”(so 表示肯定意义，neither/nor 表示否定意义)。
She can't understand his lecture, nor can I.
她不懂他的演讲，我也不懂。
This is not my story; nor is it the whole story.My story plays out differently.
这不是我的故事；也不是故事的全部。我的故事结局不同。
5．在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，从句的表语/状语/动词原形要位于句首，构成倒装结构。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。
Strange as it may sound, if you're unsatisfied, the issue is not a lack of means to meet your desires but a lack of desires.
尽管这听起来很奇怪，但是如果你不满意，问题不是缺少满足你愿望的方法，而是你根本就没有愿望。
二、完全倒装
1．here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, away, on the wall, in the room 等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，且句子主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。如果主语是人称代词，则不用倒装语序。
By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand.
一位年轻人坐在窗边，手里拿着一本杂志。
2．有时为平衡句子结构或突出强调，将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，构成“表语＋系动词＋主语”的完全倒装结构。
Present at the party were Mr. Green and many other guests.
出席晚会的有格林先生，还有许多其他宾客。
即时演练(三)
单句语法填空
1．But here ________ (come) a problem; should we clone humans
2．The parents didn't tolerate their kids' rudeness at the party, nor ______ (do) they allow themselves to be disobeyed.
3．Absurd ____________ it might sound, everyone present was amused by his adventure story in Africa.
comes
did
as/though
4．Only after talking to two students ______ I discover that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.
5．So clearly _______ (do) he speak English that he can always make himself understood.
did
does
考点四　其他特殊句式
一、感叹句
1．what引导的感叹句
(1)What＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！
What a beautiful picture it is!
多么美丽的一幅画啊！
(2)What＋形容词＋不可数名词/可数名词复数＋主语＋谓语！
What interesting stories he's told us!
他给我们讲的故事真有趣！
2．how引导的感叹句
(1)How＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！
How clever a boy he is！＝What a clever boy he is!
他是一个多么聪明的男孩呀！
(2)How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！
How high the mountain is!
这山真高呀！
二、祈使句
祈使句表示请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等。句中一般不出现主语，谓语动词一律用原形；否定形式可以在动词前加don't；强调形式是在句首加do。
Do be careful while you are crossing the road.
过马路时你一定要小心。
三、附加疑问句
附加疑问句，又称反意疑问句，由“陈述部分＋附加疑问部分”构成，若陈述部分为肯定式，则附加疑问部分为否定式，反之亦然。
1．陈述部分含有must的附加疑问句
(1)当must作“必须”讲时，其附加疑问句的动词用needn't; 当mustn't作“不允许，禁止”讲时，其附加疑问句的动词用must。
You must go now, needn't you
你现在必须走，不是吗？
You mustn't smoke here, must you
你不能在这里吸烟，是吧？
(2)当must表示推测，作“一定，准是”讲时，附加疑问部分的动词形式要根据must后面的动词所表示的时间来确定。
You must have watched the football match last night, didn't you
你昨晚一定看足球比赛了，不是吗？
2．陈述部分含有used to时，其附加疑问句的动词用usedn't或didn't均可。
You used to play football, usedn't/didn't you
你过去常常踢足球，不是吗？
3．陈述部分含有ought to时，其附加疑问句的动词用oughtn't或shouldn't均可。
He ought to attend the meeting, oughtn't/shouldn't he
他应该参加会议，不是吗？
4．陈述部分含有否定词的附加疑问句
(1)当陈述部分含有seldom, hardly, scarcely, never, few, little, nothing, nobody等否定词或半否定词时，附加疑问部分动词用肯定式。
He could hardly get up, could he
他几乎起不来了，是吗？
(2)陈述部分含有由表示否定意义的前缀或后缀构成的词，附加疑问部分的动词一般用否定式。
Mary dislikes sports, doesn't she
玛丽不喜欢体育运动，不是吗？
(3)陈述部分含有宾语从句时，附加疑问部分的主语和动词应和主句的主语和谓语保持一致。
He said that she would come here on time, didn't he
他说她会准时来这里，不是吗？
【点津】
当主句是I think/believe/suppose等结构时，附加疑问部分往往根据宾语从句的主语和谓语而定，需特别注意否定转移现象中的肯定式和否定式。
I don't think he will attend the meeting on time, will he
我认为他不会准时参加会议，是吗？
即时演练(四)
单句语法填空
1．_______ a fantastic Chinese painting show it is!
2．We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, _______ you
3．______ beautiful the West Lake is!
4．I was about to give up when my teacher shouted at me，“Keep up, ______ you will make it.”
What
will
How
and
【例1】　When riding (ride) a bicycle, you don't use petrol.
分析：主从句的主语一致，从句中省略了主语和be动词，补充完整为When you are riding a bicycle。故填riding。
【例2】　It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house that we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
分析：此处是强调句：It was＋被强调部分＋that＋句子其他部分。本句强调的是时间状语。故填that。