2026届高考英语二轮复习：高考英语定语从句课件(共73张PPT)

(共73张PPT)
定语从句
01
1.定语与定语从句
02
2.定语从句结构
03
3.关系代词与副词
04
4.非限制性定语从句
05
5.总结及练习
目录
1.定语与定语从句
什么是定语？
a persevering explorer
一位坚韧不拔的探索者
定语
tasty food
好吃的食物
定语
所谓定语，核心是 “限定”，主要用来修饰名词、代词或短语，说明它们的性质、特征以及相关状态。
找定语
It is an innovative solution
This scholar is diligent
定语
定语
什么是定语从句？
This is a scholar who is conducting academic research.
定语从句
定语从句：复合句中修饰名、代词的从句。
定语 vs 定语从句
定语：是用来修饰、限定名词或代词的成分，通常由形容词、名词、数词、介词短语等充当，例如“a beautiful flower（一朵美丽的花）”中“beautiful”就是定语，用于修饰“flower”
定语从句：是一个句子充当定语来修饰名词或代词（即先行词），它由关系词（who, whom, whose, which, that, when, where, why等）引导，例如“The girl who is singing is my sister.（正在唱歌的那个女孩是我妹妹）”中“who is singing”就是定语从句，用来修饰先行词“the girl”。
2.定语从句结构
定语从句结构：
由两个或以上的简单句组成
The engineer is in professional overalls.
The engineer is designing a new project.
The engineer who is in professional overalls is designing a new project.
先行词
关系词
主句
定语从句
先行词
关系词
什么是先行词？
The engineer who is in professional overalls is designing a new project.
先行词
关系词
先行词
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称作先行词，其通常位于定语从句前。
3.关系代词与副词
关系词分类总览表
类别 功能 代表词 适用先行词类型
关系代词 在从句中作 主语 / 宾语 / 定语 who, whom, whose, which, that 人 / 物
关系副词 在从句中作状语 when, where, why 时间 / 地点 / 原因
关系代词需在从句中‘占成分’（如主语、宾语），关系副词仅作状语（不占成分，可替换为‘介词 + 关系代词’）
代词三人组
who
whom
whose
who
Lily is the student who is organizing the charity sale.
主语
系动词
表语
定语从句
从句
主语
从句
谓语
从句
宾语
who：在定语从句可作主语或宾语，先行词为人。
Yuanyuan is the volunteer whom the community members praised.
主语
系动词
表语
定语从句
从句
宾语
从句
主语
从句
谓语
whom：定语从句中作宾语，先行词指人。
whom
Tingting is the volunteer whose public welfare projects are influential.
主语
系动词
表语
定语从句
从句
定语
从句
主语
从句
表语
whose：在定语从句作定语，先行词可以是人或物。
whose
系动词
who
who：在定语从句可作主语或宾语，先行词为人。
The scholar who is conducting research is Professor Wang.
She is the expert who we respect.
人
主语
人
宾语
whom：在定语从句可作宾语，先行词为人。
Professor Zhang is a scholar whom young researchers admire deeply.
The expert with whom we were discussing projects is Professor Zhang.
人
人
宾语
whom
宾语
whose：在定语从句可作定语，先行词为人或物。
1. The researcher whose papers have been published in top journals is Professor Chen.
2. The technology whose application has improved production efficiency is quite advanced.
人
物
定语
whose
定语
代词三人组
who
我可以修饰人，我在从句中作
主语、宾语
whom
我也可以修饰人，我在从句只能作宾语，
我可以省略~
whose
我既可以修饰人，也可以修饰物，我在从句只能作定语
百搭代词二人组
which
that
The scholar that was diligent is Professor Wang.
Do you know the expert that Professor Li is collaborating with
The technology that is innovative is a breakthrough in this field.
Professor Zhang is researching a project that she initiated 3 years ago.
that
The robot which is named Intelligent Helper is the laboratory’s new equipment.
The data which the team is analyzing is the key to solving this problem.
which
物
主语
物
宾语
百搭代词二人组
that
我可以修饰人和物，
我在从句中作
主语、宾语、表语
which
我只可以修饰物，
我在从句中作
主语、宾语、表语、定语
只用that情况
1.先行词为all、much、something、everything、nothing、little、none、the one等代词时。
That is all that the expert wants to explain.
那就是这位专家想要解释的
只用that情况
2.先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰，或为序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，仅能用that，不可用which。
The team was the first group that achieved the annual target.
该团队是第一个达成年度目标的小组
只用that情况
3. 以who/which引导的特殊疑问句，为避重复，仅能用that。
Who is the athlete that is breaking the competition record
正在打破比赛纪录的那位运动员是谁？
只用that情况
4. 当先行词由the only、the very、the same、the last、little、few等词修饰时，仅能用that，不可用which。
This is the same technique that the craftsman popularized.
这就是工匠推广开来的那种技艺
只用that情况
5.先行词同时含人或物时，仅能用that，不可用which。
I can clearly recall the teachers and some books that I encountered in the library.
我能清晰回忆起我在图书馆里遇到的老师和一些书籍。
只用that情况
1. 当先行词为all，much，something，everything，nothing，little，none，the one等代词时。
2.先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰，或为序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，仅能用that，不可用which。
3. 以who或which引导的特疑句，为免重复，仅可用that。
4.当先行词由the only、the very、the same、the last、little、few等词修饰时，仅能用that，而不可用which。
5.先行词同时含人或物时，仅能用that，不可用which。
只用which情况
1.先行词为that， those时，用which，而不用that。
1. This is that which I mentioned yesterday.
这就是我昨天提到的那个东西。
2. Those which are on the table belong to her.
桌子上的那些东西是她的。
3. Show me that which you bought in the store.
把你在店里买的那个东西给我看看。
4. I don’t like those which are too expensive.
我不喜欢那些太贵的东西。
只用which情况
2.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that。
1. This is the house in which my grandparents once lived.
这就是我祖父母曾经住过的房子。
2. I found the box from which the sound was coming.
我找到了发出声音的那个盒子。
3. She showed me the letter about which she was talking.
她给我看了她正在谈论的那封信。
4. The library in which we often read books will be renovated.
我们常去看书的那个图书馆将要翻新。
只用which情况
3.引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that。
1. The novel, which I read last week, is very interesting.
我上周读的那本小说非常有趣。
2. She bought a new camera, which cost her a lot of money.
她买了一台新相机，这花了她不少钱。
3. We visited the old temple, which dates back to the Ming Dynasty.
我们参观了那座古庙，它始建于明代。
4. His latest project, which focuses on environmental protection, has received wide attention.
他那项以环保为主题的最新项目受到了广泛关注。
I'll never forget the morning when we started our journey.
我永远不会忘记我们启程的那个早晨。
从句 “we started our journey” 结构完整（主谓宾齐全），不缺宾语，用 when 作时间状语（相当于 “on that morning”）
I'll never forget the morning which we prepared for the journey.
我永远不会忘记我们为旅程做准备的那个早晨。
prepared 的逻辑宾语是 “the morning”，缺宾语，用 which 指代 “the morning” 并作宾语。
只用which情况
4.先行词为时间 / 地点，但从句缺宾语时需用 which
只用which情况
1.先行词为that， those时，用which，而不用that。
2.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that。
3.引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that。
规则 1：非限制性定语从句用 which，不用 that
The park, that we visited yesterday, is beautiful.
“×，非限制性从句不可用 that”
The park, which we visited yesterday, is beautiful.
“√，非限制性从句用 which”
规则 2：先行词为时间 / 地点，从句缺宾语用 which
I’ll never forget the year when I joined the club.
when 作状语，从句完整：I joined the club in the year
I’ll never forget the year which we spent in the club.
which 作宾语，从句缺成分：we spent the year in the club
易错点对比
“that/which
用法口诀
that 用法广，限定句里藏；序高 only 连，人事物同装；
which 不一般，介后逗号旁
1. The last place we visited was The Summer Palace.
A. which B. that C. what D.who
2. ls Mary the only person helps him
A. which B. what C. that D.whose
3.They talked for about an hour of things and persons they remembered in the trip.
A. who B. that C. whose D.which
4.Staying up late, is a bad habit,is however, popular.
A. which B. who C. that D.what
Exercise
先行词 成分 关系词
人 主语 who, that
宾语 who, whom, that
物 主语 which, that
宾语 which, that
人/物 定语 whose
副词三人组
when
where
why
when
She cherishes the moment when she met her best friend.
时间状语
She cherishes the moment on which she met her best friend.
when=介词+which(in/during/on+which)
where
This is the corner where he studies.
地点状语
This is the nook in which he studies.
where=介词+which(in/at/on+which)
why
This is the reason why she missed the meeting.
原因状语
This is the reason for which he is late today.
why=介词for+which
副词三人组
when
我在从句中作
时间状语
where
我在从句中作
地点状语
why
我在从句中作
原因状语
先行词 成分 关系词
时间 状语 when
地点 状语 where
原因 状语 why
易错提醒
①当先行词是表示时间名词如day,year等时，在从句中作状语，关系词用 when
作宾语时，关系词用which；
②当先行词是表示地点名词如place等时，在从句中作状语，关系词用 where
作宾语时，关系词用which；
③当先行词是表示原因名词如reason等时，在从句中作状语，关系词用 why
作宾语时，关系词用which；
Exercise
1. I know a place ___________ we can have a big meal.
A. which B. that C. what D.where
2.I like the city ___________ the people are really kind and friendly.
A. which B. what C. where D.whose
3.Do you know the reason____________he was late
A. who B. that C. why D.which
4.I will never forget the day_______I had my first bike.
A. which B. who C. that D.when
5.This is one of the most interesting cities ______ I have ever visited.
A. which B. that C. in which D.where
4.非限制性定语从句
单击此处编辑母版文本样式
第二级
第三级
第四级
第五级
This is a cat
which is Meimei’s.
限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句：
定语从句限定名词，缩减其语义所指范围。
This is a cat, which is Meimei’s.
非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句：起补充说明之效，非句子必要成分，缺失不影响句意理解，常以逗号与主句隔开。
限制性与非限制性定语从句
引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：
关系代词 which，who，whom，whose，as,
关系副词 when，where ,for which等
※that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
限制性与非限制性定语从句
5.总结及练习
1.定义：
定语：意为“限定”，用于修饰名词、代词或短语，阐明名词性质、特征或状态。
定语从句：复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句。
2.结构：主句+先行词+关系词+从句
3.关系词：
that/which/who/whom/whose/when/where/why
4.限制性与非限制性定语从句：
限制性定语从句：定语从句对名词起限定作用，它缩小了名词的表示范围。
非限制性定语从句：
起补充解释作用，不作为句子的组成部分，缺乏不会影响对整个句子的理解，往往与主句与逗号分开。
1.Is he the man wants to see you
2.The house is in the back of our classroom is the teachers office.
3.He is the professor I met yesterday.
4.The famous film star, has played many roles, will act as a blind woman in her next film.
5.These are all the things I can get for you
Exercise
who/that
that/which
that/who/whom
who
that
Exercise
1. The place interested me most was the Children's Palace.
A. which B. where C. what D.in which
2.This is the hotel last month.
A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed
C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed
3.Do you know the year the Chinese Communist Party was founded
A.which B. that C. when D.on which
4.That is the day I'll never forget
A. which B. on which C. in which D.when
5.He talked a lot about things and persons they remembered in the school.
A. which B. that C. in which D.where
which
1. The girl ______ is singing on the stage is my classmate.
who
whose
who
2. This is the book ______ I borrowed from the library yesterday.
that
whose
which
3. Do you know the boy ______ mother is a doctor
whose
who
where
4. The city ______ we visited last summer is very beautiful.
which
when
which
5. I will never forget the day ______ we met for the first time.
when
whose
who
6. This is the reason ______ he didn’t come to the party.
why
which
which
7. All ______ he said is true.
that
who
which
8. She is the only person ______ can help you with this problem.
that
whom
whose
9. The pen ______ my father gave me as a gift is lost.
when
which
which
10. We talked about the people and places ______ we saw during the trip.
who
that
which
11. The hotel ______ we stayed last night was very comfortable.
where
that
that
12. This is the same bag ______ I lost last week.
which
who
whom
13. He has a friend ______ lives in Paris.
which
who
which
14. The storybook ______ cover is red is very interesting.
whose
that
who
15. What’s the thing ______ you are looking for
whose
that
over!
感谢观看噢噢噢噢~