【高考突破方案】强化训练 选择性必修第二册 Unit 6 Survival 高考一轮总复习英语（外研版）（含答案与解析）

强化训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2025·保定市期中)
Maslow said, “If you have a hammer...then everything you'll see is a nail.” Basically, when we acquire or are given a specific tool or skill, we tend to be influenced by its function and usefulness—leading us to see opportunities to use that tool or skill everywhere. This creates a tendency that limits creative problemsolving by making us rely too much on what we know, even when it's no longer useful.
In 1949, Wagner Dodge led the Smoke Jumpers, a firstclass firefighting team, to battle a wildfire in Montana. The conditions quickly worsened as strong winds and intense heat turned the fire into a deadly force, making a safe withdrawal the only option. Dodge realized that the heavilyequipped team couldn't outrun the fire, so he made a quick, unconventional decision.
With flames closing in, Dodge ordered his team to drop their heavy equipment to escape faster. But the crew seemed unable or unwilling to follow his lead. After all, they needed their tools to fight fire, didn't they
Dodge then did something so unexpected that his crew thought he'd lost his mind. He took out his matches and began to set fire to the grass in front of him, causing a second fire to spring up. As this technique was something that occurred to Dodge on the spot and not something taught in training, the crew didn't seem to understand what he was doing and no one followed him. They continued to flee from the fire, which was closing in at an estimated 30 miles per hour.
After what must have seemed an eternity but was in reality just a couple of minutes, Dodge, despite some injuries from the fresh ashes, survived by lying in the newly burnt area, but 13 of his men tragically died, unable to let go of their tools and trust Dodge's desperate, lifesaving strategy.
语篇导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了道奇在野火中没有过于依赖工具，最终及时逃生，而过度依赖工具的队员却不幸遇难。
1．Why does the author mention Maslow's quote about the hammer and nail
A．To show that tools are essential in all problemsolving situations.
B．To explain how people become overly reliant on familiar tools and methods.
C．To emphasize the importance of good training for a dangerous situation.
D．To suggest that the right tools could have saved Dodge's crew.
解析：B　推理判断题。根据第一段“Maslow said, ‘If you have a hammer... then everything you'll see is a nail.’ Basically, when we acquire or are given a specific tool or skill, we tend to be influenced by its function and usefulness—leading us to see opportunities to use that tool or skill everywhere. This creates a tendency that limits creative problemsolving by making us rely too much on what we know, even when it's no longer useful. (马斯洛说：‘如果你有一把锤子……然后你看到的一切都是钉子。’基本上，当我们获得或被给予一种特定的工具或技能时，我们往往会受到其功能和有用性的影响，从而使我们看到在任何地方使用该工具或技能的机会。这就产生了一种倾向，使我们过于依赖我们所知道的东西，即使这些东西不再有用，也会限制创造性的问题解决。)”可知，作者提到马斯洛关于锤子和钉子的引言是为了解释人们是如何过度依赖熟悉的工具和方法的。故选B。
2．What was Dodge's unusual decision after assessing the speed of the fire
A．He wanted to be the only one to withdraw safely.
B．He approached the flames with little equipment.
C．He ordered his crew to drop the firefighting equipment.
D.He provided his crew with unconventional equipment.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Dodge realized that the heavilyequipped team couldn't outrun the fire, so he made a quick, unconventional decision. (道奇意识到这支装备精良的队伍无法逃离大火，所以他做出了一个迅速而非常规的决定。)”以及第三段中“With flames closing in, Dodge ordered his team to drop their heavy equipment to escape faster. (随着火焰逼近，道奇命令他的小队放下重型装备，以便更快地逃生。)”可知，道奇在评估了火势的速度后，他做出的不寻常的决定是命令队员扔掉消防设备。故选C。
3．Why did Dodge's crew fail to follow his lead of causing a second fire
A．They didn't trust him because he had lost their respect earlier.
B．They were too tired to comprehend Dodge's instructions.
C．The fire did not spread as quickly as they had anticipated.
D．They couldn't grasp his new approach as it wasn't part of their training.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段中“But the crew seemed unable or unwilling to follow his lead. After all, they needed their tools to fight fire, didn't they (但队员们似乎不能或不愿听从他的指挥。毕竟，他们需要工具来灭火，不是吗？)”和第四段“Dodge then did something so unexpected that his crew thought he'd lost his mind. He took out his matches and began to set fire to the grass in front of him, causing a second fire to spring up. As this technique was something that occurred to Dodge on the spot and not something taught in training, the crew didn't seem to understand what he was doing and no one followed him. (然后道奇做了一件意想不到的事，他的队员们都以为他疯了。他拿出火柴，开始在他面前的草地上点火，引起了第二场大火。由于这个技巧是道奇当场想到的，而不是训练中教的，所以队员似乎不明白他在做什么，也没有人跟着他。)”可知，道奇的队员没有跟随的原因是他们无法理解道奇的新方法，因为这不是他们训练中教的内容。故选D。
4．What does the underlined word “eternity” mean in the last paragraph
A．A moment of intense relief.
B．A sense of endlessness.
C．A very short period of time.
D．A lifelong memory of the event.
解析：B　词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“...but was in reality just a couple of minutes, Dodge, despite some injuries from the fresh ashes, survived by lying in the newly burnt area, but 13 of his men tragically died, unable to let go of their tools and trust Dodge's desperate, lifesaving strategy. (但实际上只有几分钟，尽管道奇被新燃烧的灰烬弄伤了一些，但他躺在新燃烧的地方幸存了下来，但他的13名手下不幸丧生，他们无法放下自己的工具，也无法相信道奇不顾一切的救命策略。)”可知，这段危险时期看似漫长但实际上只有几分钟的时间，所以此处eternity指的是“漫长的时间”，即“一种无尽的感觉”A.A moment of intense relief一瞬间的巨大解脱；B.A sense of endlessness无尽的感觉；C.A very short period of time很短的时间；D.A lifelong memory of the event对事件的终生记忆。故选B。
B
(2025·石家庄市质量摸底)
As more and more species near extinction, scientists have been collecting samples from animals, plants and other creatures and storing them in biobanks across the globe. But climate change, environmental disasters and wars threaten these modern Noah's arks. Now, a team of researchers is brainstorming an outofthisworld solution: building one of these vaults (库) on the moon.
A biobank in a permanently shadowed region at the moon's south pole could be far more stable than those on Earth. This part of the moon usually remains around －196° Celsius, perfect for storing most animal cells longterm, marine biologist Mary Hagedorn and colleagues report in BioScience.
Hagedorn and colleagues drew inspiration from the Svalbard Global Seed Vault in Norway which takes advantage of belowzero Arctic temperatures to preserve millions of seeds from around the world. In 2017, melting (融化) frozen soil threatened to flood the vault, highlighting the need for a backup plan. A different team has proposed building a lunar ark in lava (熔岩) tubes that run beneath the moon's surface. But that design requires a solarpowered cooling system; any loss of power and the samples would be destroyed. In the moon's foreverfrozen shadowed regions, a lunar vault wouldn't need energy or constant human maintenance, Hagedorn's team says.
Given the shadowy south pole's low temperatures, Hagedorn says, a vault there could store “one of the most powerful cells that we have today”—fibroblasts. Scientists can transform these animal cells into stem cells, “and then those stem cells can be used for cloning，” she says. The cells could be valuable for regenerating populations of threatened or extinct species and for building ecosystems in future human settlements on the moon or Mars.
The proposal has its share of barriers. For instance, the moon's permanently dark regions aren't free from temperature swings, says lunar scientist Benjamin Greenhagen of the Johns Hopkins University. “They are still cold but perhaps not always cold enough for this project without some level of temperature management.”
语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述随着气候变化和人类活动对地球的威胁日益加剧，科学家们提议在月球上建立一个生物库，以保护地球上濒危物种。
5．Why is the moon an ideal place for the biobank
A．It's not affected by wars.
B．It's not environmentally polluted.
C．It has proper temperatures.
D．It has rich resources for research.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第二段中“This part of the moon usually remains around －196° Celsius, perfect for storing most animal cells longterm(月球的这一部分通常保持在零下196摄氏度左右，非常适合长期储存大多数动物细胞)”可知，月球温度适宜，是建立生物库的理想之地。故选C。
6．What led to Hagedorn's proposal of a lunar biobank
A．The solarpowered cooling system.
B．The lava tubes on the moon's surface.
C．The problem facing the Norway Vault.
D．The discovery of ice on the lunar pole.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Hagedorn and colleagues drew inspiration from the Svalbard Global Seed Vault in Norway which takes advantage of belowzero Arctic temperatures to preserve millions of seeds from around the world. In 2017, melting (融化) frozen soil threatened to flood the vault, highlighting the need for a backup plan.(Hagedorn和他的同事们从挪威的斯瓦尔巴全球种子库获得了灵感，该种子库利用北极零下的温度保存了来自世界各地的数百万颗种子。2017年，融化的冻土有可能淹没了种子库，这凸显了后备计划的必要性。)”可知，挪威的斯瓦尔巴全球种子库面临的问题致使Hagedorn提出建立一个月球生物库。故选C。
7．What can scientists use fibroblasts to do
A．Form stem cells for cloning.
B．Explore moon soil conditions.
C．Help land humans on the moon.
D．Improve the ecosystem of the earth.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据第四段中“Given the shadowy south pole's low temperatures, Hagedorn says, a vault there could store ‘one of the most powerful cells that we have today’—fibroblasts. Scientists can transform these animal cells into stem cells, ‘and then those stem cells can be used for cloning，’ she says.(Hagedorn说，鉴于南极阴暗地区的低温，那里的一个储藏室可以储存‘我们今天拥有的最强大的细胞之一’——成纤维细胞。科学家们可以将这些动物细胞转化为干细胞，‘然后这些干细胞可以用于克隆，’她说。)”可知，成纤维细胞可以转化为干细胞用于克隆。故选A。
8．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Lunar Exploration: The Next Frontier for Cloning
B．Relieving Climate Change: The Moon Biobank Project
C．The Moon as a Backup: A New Solution for Seed Storage
D.Building Biobanks on the Moon: A Proposal to Save Biodiversity
解析：D　主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“Now, a team of researchers is brainstorming an outofthisworld solution: building one of these vaults (库) on the moon.(现在，一组研究人员正在集思广益，想出一个天外飞行的解决方案：在月球上建造一个这样的储藏库。)”可知，文章主要讲述随着气候变化和人类活动对地球的威胁日益加剧，科学家们提议在月球上建立一个生物库，以保护地球上濒危物种。D项“在月球上建立生物库：拯救生物多样性的建议”为最佳标题。故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2024·河南许昌市高三监测)
Joe Boyers, a helicopter pilot, was driving home from the Nashville airport when he received a call. The caller told Boyers her brother was 1. by rising floodwaters on their roof in Waverly. 2. ， the caller had googled (在谷歌上搜索) “Nashville helicopters” and Boyers' company was the first to 3. . So she called in.
Boyers knew he would go back up. He put the brother's 4. into his phone, and then he drove back to the 5. . Soon, he was in the air.
The flooding, which eventually 6. 20 lives, had already knocked out power and 7. cell phone service, meaning Boyers couldn't use his phone to 8. the house he was looking for. He flew on anyway to search for people. A teen was found, wet and 9. ， holding on to a tree branch. Since there was no place for Boyers to 10. ， he lowered the helicopter and a rescued man 11. out and waded (蹚水) to the tree to help the teen. After Boyers 12. the teen on a street, he was back in the air.
When 13. rescue helicopters showed up, he was almost out of 14. after rescuing 17 people. As for the woman who 15. contacted Boyers, she called back to say that her brother had also been saved.
语篇导读：本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了博耶斯开直升机在洪灾中勇于救人的故事。
1．A.injured　　　　　 B．warned
C．driven D．trapped
解析：D　句意：打电话的人告诉博耶斯，她的哥哥被不断上涨的洪水困在了韦弗利的屋顶上。A. injured受伤；B. warned警告；C. driven驱使；D. trapped困住。根据“by rising floodwaters (被不断上涨的洪水)”可知，她的哥哥被不断上涨的洪水困在了韦弗利的屋顶上。故选D。
2．A.Desperate B．Astonished
C．Cautious D．Hesitant
解析：A　句意：感到非常绝望，打电话的人在谷歌上搜索了“纳什维尔直升机”，博耶斯的公司第一个出现了。A. Desperate不顾一切的，拼命的，绝望的；B.Astonished十分震惊的；C.Cautious谨慎的；D.Hesitant 犹豫的，不愿的。根据上文“The caller told Boyers her brother was 1 by rising floodwaters on their roof in Waverly. (打电话的人告诉博耶斯，她的哥哥被不断上涨的洪水困在了韦弗利的屋顶上。)”可知，这种情况是非常让人绝望的。故选A。
3．A.act B．respond
C．appear D．contact
解析：C　句意：同上。A.act行动；B.respond回答，回应；C.appear出现；D.contact联系。根据“So she called in.(于是她打电话来。)”可知，打电话者在谷歌上搜索了“纳什维尔直升机”，博耶斯的公司第一个出现的，所以才打电话请求救援。故选C。
4．A.name B．address
C．requirement D．number
解析：B　句意：他把她哥哥的地址存进了手机，然后开车回了机场。A.name名字；B.address地址；C.requirement要求；D.number数字。根据“meaning Boyers couldn't use his phone to 8 the house he was looking for (这意味着博耶斯无法用他的手机定位他正在寻找的房子)”可知，他把她哥哥的地址存进了手机。故选B。
5．A.airport B．street
C．roof D．company
解析：A　句意：同上。A. airport机场；B. street街道；C. roof屋顶；D. company公司。根据上文“Joe Boyers, a helicopter pilot, was driving home from the Nashville airport when he received a call. (直升机飞行员乔·博耶斯在从纳什维尔机场开车回家的路上接到了一个电话。)”可知，他开车回了机场。故选A。
6．A.sustained B．identified
C．claimed D．transformed
解析：C　句意：这场洪水最终夺走了20条生命，已经导致电力中断，手机服务受损，这意味着博耶斯无法用他的手机定位他正在寻找的房子。A.sustained维持，保持；B.identified鉴定；辨认；C.claimed宣称，声称，使丧生；D.transformed转变。根据本句“had already knocked out power and 7 cell phone service (已经导致电力中断，手机服务受损)”可知，洪水很凶猛，导致20人失去了生命。故选C。
7．A.damaged B．shifted
C．delayed D．deserted
解析：A　句意：同上。A.damaged损害，伤害；B.shifted转移；C.delayed推迟；D.deserted离弃，舍弃。根据本句“meaning Boyers couldn't use his phone to 8 the house he was looking for(这意味着博耶斯无法用他的手机定位他正在寻找的房子)”可知，手机服务受损，无法用手机定位他正在寻找的房子。故选A。
8．A.occupy B．relate
C．reserve D．locate
解析：D　句意：同上。A.occupy占据；B.relate联系；C.reserve 预订，保留，预留；D.locate确定……的位置，探明。根据上文“The flooding, which eventually 6 20 lives, had already knocked out power and 7 cell phone service (这场洪水最终夺走了20条生命，已经导致电力中断，手机服务受损)”可知，这意味着博耶斯无法用他的手机定位他正在寻找的房子。故选D。
9．A.ashamed B．puzzled
C．exhausted D．embarrassed
解析：C　句意：一名少年被发现，浑身湿透，疲惫不堪，抓着一根树枝。A.ashamed感到羞耻的；B.puzzled 困惑的，迷惑不解的；C.exhausted筋疲力尽的；D.embarrassed尴尬的，窘迫的。根据本句“holding on to a tree branch (抓着一根树枝)”可知，这名少年在洪灾时，紧抓着一根树枝，非常疲惫。故选C。
10．A.pilot B．check
C．slide D．land
解析：D　句意：由于没有地方让博耶斯降落，他降低直升机，一名救援的男子跳出来，蹚水到树上帮助这个少年。A.pilot驾驶(飞行器)，领航；B.check检查，核对；C.slide滑行，滑动；D.land着陆，降落。根据后句“he lowered the helicopter and a rescued man 11 out and waded(蹚水) to the tree to help the teen. (他降低直升机，一名救援的男子跳出来，蹚水到树上帮助这个少年。)”可知，飞机没有地方可以降落。故选D。
11．A.cried B．jumped
C．stood D．walked
解析：B　句意：同上。A.cried哭；B.jumped跳；C.stood 站立；D.walked走路。根据“Since there was no place for Boyers to 10 (由于没有地方让博耶斯降落)”可知，他降低直升机，一名救援的男子跳出来来营救男孩。故选B。
12．A.put up B．dropped off
C．calmed down D．took over
解析：B　句意：博耶斯把这个少年送到街上后，他又回到了空中。A.put up搭建，建造；B.dropped off送到，送达；C.calmed down冷静下来；D.took over接管，控制。根据“the teen on a street (把这个少年送到街上)”可知，是把少年送到街上。故选B。
13．A.personal B．civilian
C．professional D．medical
解析：C　句意：当专业的救援直升机出现时，他在救了17个人之后几乎没有燃料了。A.personal个人的，私人的；B.civilian平民的，民用的；C.professional 职业的，专业的；D.medical医学的，医疗的。根据“rescue helicopters showed up (救援直升机出现)”可知，救援直升机是很专业的。故选C。
14．A.order B.sight
C．control D．fuel
解析：D　句意：同上。A.order命令，指示；B.sight视力，视觉；C.control控制；D.fuel燃料，燃烧剂。根据本句“after rescuing 17 people (在救了17个人之后)”可知，在营救了17个人之后，飞机的燃料消耗殆尽。故选D。
15．A.originally B．accidentally
C．accurately D．immediately
解析：A　句意：至于最初联系博耶斯的那个女人，她回电话说她的哥哥也得救了。A.originally起初，原来；B.accidentally意外地，偶然地；C.accurately精确地，准确地；D.immediately立即，马上。根据上文“ 2 ， the caller had googled(在谷歌搜) ‘Nashville helicopters' and Boyers' company was the first to 3 . So she called in. (感到非常绝望，打电话的人在谷歌上搜索了‘纳什维尔直升机’，博耶斯的公司第一个出现了。所以她打电话来。)”可知，是最初联系博耶斯的那个女人打来电话。故选A。
Ⅲ.读后读写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2025·深圳调测)
In our weekly staff meeting, our editor Ashley was not pleased with the quality of our reporting.“Our readership is way down.We need better stories for this Thursday's school newspaper.Does anybody have any ideas？” she said.
I handed her my article about our basketball team beating Deerfield High School the previous night by one point.“Sports stories are fun，” she said, “but not good enough for the front page.We need something to really get people's attention.”
After our meeting, we left the newsroom together and heard someone screaming, “Perry is missing！” Perry was a big red parrot and had been our school mascot(吉祥物) for ten years.He played an important role in students' lives, both in and out of class.He had also been a constant presence at school events, inspiring a sense of unity among students.
Everyone gathered around Perry's empty cage, heartbroken.Suddenly, a student from the crowd came over and showed me a photo.“You're a reporter for the school paper, right I happened to take this yesterday，” he said.In the photo was a Deerfield High School basketball player with something large hidden under his shirt around the size of a parrot.
“He must have stolen Perry to get back at us for winning the game！” Ashley cried.We hurried back to the newsroom, agreeing to run the photo on the front page with the headline “Deerfield Stole Perry”．“This is just the story we need.Everyone will read it，” Ashley said confidently.
After she left, I took a closer look at the photo.The clock in the background read 4：15 p．m., but our game against Deerfield hadn't started until 4：30 p．m.Why would the boy have taken Perry before we even played An uneasy feeling came over me that we might have falsely accused someone.
I went to Perry's usual caretaker to ask if he knew Perry was missing.“He's not missing.He's retired.He's ready for some quieter days，” he said.Learning the truth, I immediately told Ashley and suggested writing a story to say goodbye to Perry.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应的位置作答。
To my surprise, Ashley insisted on reporting the “Deerfield Stole Perry” story.
　　On Thursday, the paper came out with the headline “ByeBye, Perry” on the front page.
【写作提示】
故事人物 作者、主编阿什莉、鹦鹉佩里
故事梗概 校报读者数量下降，主编阿什莉和作者等人讨论周四校报内容。阿什莉想要一篇可以获得人们关注的头版文章。会后，有人发现学校的吉祥物红色鹦鹉佩里丢失，有人递给作者一张佩里丢失前一天拍到的照片，照片中有在篮球赛中输给作者学校的迪尔菲尔德高中的校篮球队员，作者等人开始误以为是输了篮球赛的迪尔菲尔德高中偷了鹦鹉，打算写一篇名为 “Deerfield Stole Perry”的报道，在头版刊登。后来作者经过询问得知真相——鹦鹉要退休了，并不是被偷，于是作者提议写一篇与鹦鹉告别的报道。
续写要点 第一段：描写作者如何说服阿什莉放弃不实报道，改为报道与鹦鹉告别。 第二段：1.描写关于与鹦鹉告别的报道取得成功；2.描写作者对这次报道成功的感悟。
参考范文：
To my surprise, Ashley insisted on reporting the “Deerfield Stole Perry” story.“This is the very story we need to attract more readers，” she argued.To convince her, I defended that if we wrote this article, we would be telling a lie.Noticing her hesitant expression, I further explained the potential harm it would cause to the player and our paper's reputation.After some discussion, Ashley finally gave in，“OK, let's try with real stories.” Then I went to gather all the necessary information to write an article about Perry and the precious memories we shared over the years.
On Thursday, the paper came out with the headline “ByeBye, Perry” on the front page.Soon, it sparked heated discussions among students about Perry.Many were disappointed with Perry's sudden departure, but were comforted by the fact that he was in good care.Some students even requested that they share their stories of him in our paper! Seeing the story's success, Ashley came to me and said sincerely, “You are right! It's a good story.” Her words brought me a great sense of fulfillment.Indeed, true stories might not always draw attention, but they have the power to touch and connect people.