【高考突破方案】语法 专题3 第3讲 名词性从句 教师用书 高考一轮总复习英语

第三讲　名词性从句
情景导入
What① worries my classmate，Mary，a lot these days is that② she is putting on weight quickly and thus falls ill frequently.She has some doubts whether③ she eats too much fast food high in fat or sugar.Also，with the College Entrance Examination approaching，she becomes more stressful and she can't sleep well these days.Maybe this explains that④ she has become fatter these days，she thinks.
用法感悟
①What引导 主语 从句，并在从句中作 主语 。
②that引导 表语 从句，在从句中不作成分，不能省略。
③whether引导 同位语 从句，意为“是否”，在从句中不作成分，不能省略。
④that引导 宾语 从句，在从句中不作成分，可以省略。
名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子，它的功能相当于名词(短语)，在复合句中可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句的引导词及其用法如下：
考点一　连接词that与whether/if
一、连接词that的用法
1．that在名词性从句中不作任何句子成分，引导宾语从句时有时可以省略，引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时不能省略。
I love the fact that Chinese buses, motorcycles, trains and aircraft are either economical or cheap.
我喜欢中国的公共汽车、摩托车、火车和飞机，既经济又便宜。
【点津】
that引导宾语从句时几种不能省略的情况：
①that从句作介词的宾语时；②动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略，从第二个从句开始that不可省略；③宾语从句前有插入语时；④that引导的宾语从句位于句首时。
2．that引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语的常用句型有：
(1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary, right, likely, unlikely, wrong, important, certain等)＋that从句
It is unlikely that I should accept such an offer as that.
我不可能接受那样的提议。
(2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity, a shame, a surprise, no wonder等)＋that从句
It is a pity that your composition has so many spelling mistakes.
很可惜，你的作文有这么多的拼写错误。
(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said, reported, decided等)＋that从句
It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday.
已决定会议推迟到下周一举行。
(4)It＋特殊动词(短语)(seems, appears, happens, matters, turns out, makes no difference 等)＋that从句
It turns out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do.
结果表明，大脑像肌肉一样都需要锻炼。
【点津】
在以下主语从句中，常使用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”形式，其中的should可以省略。
①It is a pity＋that ...
②It is necessary/strange/important/natural ...＋that ...
③It is suggested/requested/required/proposed/desired...＋that...
3．it作形式宾语的宾语从句
(1)find, feel, think, consider, make, believe 等的宾语后有宾语补足语时，需用it作形式宾语而将that引导的宾语从句后置。
He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.
他清楚地表明会议不会被推迟。
(2)一些动词短语see to, depend on, rely on 等常用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。
I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.
你不在的时候，我保证照顾好他。
二、连接词whether与if引导的名词性从句
1．引导主语从句(if引导主语只能放在句尾，前面要用it作形式主语。)、表语从句、同位语从句时一般用whether。
2．whether与if引导宾语从句时大多数情况下可以互换，但下列情况下宜用whether：
①后面直接跟or not时；
②用于介词后引导宾语从句时。
【点津】
doubt后接从句时，如果用于肯定句，从句的引导词用whether或if；用于否定句或疑问句时，从句的引导词常用that。
The doctor really doubts whether/if my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
医生真的怀疑我母亲是否能很快从重病中康复。
即时演练(一)
单句语法填空
1． That people in London speak fast and use unfamiliar words made Xie Lei confused at first.
2．Dick enjoys painting but he knows the fact that he doesn't have what it takes to be a professional.
3．His capability has never been in doubt; the question is whether he is prepared to put efforts.
4．Sometimes, I really doubt whether/if there is love between my parents.They quarrel on a regular basis.
5．It is reported that we must be cautious about earthquakes nowadays.
考点二　连接代词
一、what的用法
what可引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，在从句中作主语、表语、宾语或定语等。what引导名词性从句时有两个意思：一是表示“什么”，带有疑问意味；二是表示“……的东西或事情”，相当于一个先行词后接一个关系代词。
Our teachers always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.
我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果我们想要成功，要相信我们所做的事情和我们自己。
二、whatever，whoever, whomever，whichever与what, who, whom, which的区别
whatever 意为“……的任何(事物)，无论什么东西”，相当于anything that，在名词性从句中作主语、宾语或定语
what 可引导名词性从句，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语
whoever 意为“……的任何人”，相当于anyone who，在名词性从句中作主语或宾语
who 可引导名词性从句，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，通常保留疑问的含义，即“谁”
whomever 意为“任何人；无论是谁”，在名词性从句中作宾语
whom 在名词性从句中作宾语，意为“谁”
whichever 意为“无论哪个/哪些”，表示有范围的选择，在名词性从句中一般作定语
which 意为“哪一个”，在名词性从句中可一般作定语，表示有范围的选择
What worries us most is who let out the secret.
最令我们担忧的是谁泄漏了秘密。
Whoever breaks the law should be punished.
任何触犯法律的人都应该受到惩罚。
即时演练(二)
单句语法填空
1． What she couldn't understand was why fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
2．We wrote a letter of thanks to whoever had helped us.
3．The problem is who should be sent to help them out.
4．I'm in a puzzle about which is the right answer to the question.
5．Libraries have evolved as the public's needs have changed. In fact, if you haven't visited your local public library for a while, you may be surprised at what it now has to offer.
考点三　连接副词
引导名词性从句的连接副词有when，where，why，how等，它们均在从句中作状语。
I have no idea when she will be back.
我不知道她何时回来。
I've been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting.
我一直考虑我们如何能使报纸更有趣。
That's why I want you to work there.
那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因。
即时演练(三)
单句语法填空
1．What puzzles Mike's friends is why he refused an offer from Yale university yesterday.
2．What some teenagers don't realize is how difficult life can be after they get addicted to drugs.
3．It is the ability to do the job that matters, not where you come from or what you are.
4．Getting up early also relieves stress and tension because it gives you the time to squeeze in a workout before you get distracted (分神). This is why morning people tend to be healthier and happier.
【例1】　The student completed this experiment to make what Professor Joseph had said come true.
分析：句意：这个学生完成这个实验是为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实。make e true让某事成为现实。设空处引导宾语从句，并在从句中作had said的宾语，应用连接代词what。故填what。
【例2】　However, there are problems.The biggest one is that there are not enough low-priced items.
分析：句意：然而，存在一些问题。最大的问题是没有足够的低价商品。设空处引导表语从句，从句意思完整且不缺少任何成分，应用that引导。故填that。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2022·浙江卷)Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak if/whether she could do so remotely.
解析：考查名词性从句。句意：对于她的出席，Cobb开始询问邀请她的会议组织者是否可以远程进行演讲。显然ask后面出现了一个宾语从句，宾语从句句意不完整，whether/if“是否”符合语境。故填if/whether。
2．What puzzles Lily's friends is why she always has so many crazy ideas.
解析：考查名词性从句。句意：令Lily的朋友们感到困扰的是她为什么总有这么多疯狂的想法。分析句子结构可知，本句是一个表语从句，设空处需填一个引导表语从句的连接词。根据句意可知，这里要有连接副词why引导表语从句，表示“为什么”。故填why。
3． What is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
解析：考查名词性从句。根据句子结构可知，句中缺少引导主语从句并在主语从句中作主语的连接代词。连接代词what具有这一功能，相当于 the thing that。故填What。
4．It is not a problem whether we can win the battle；it's just a matter of time.
解析：考查名词性从句。句意：我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题；这只是时间问题。it是形式主语，whether引导的从句是真正的主语。故填whether。
5．The student completed this experiment to make come true what Professor Joseph had said.
解析：考查名词性从句。句意：为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实，这个学生完成了这个实验。 Professor Joseph had said作make的宾语从句，该从句中，空处在从句中作said的宾语，表示“……所说的话”，因此应用what引导该从句。故填what。
6．While they are rare north of 88°，there is evidence that they range all the way across the Arctic，and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
解析：考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明抽象名词evidence的内容。故填that。
7．I'm not sure who/which is more frightened，me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
解析：考查名词性从句。句意：我不确定谁(哪一个)更害怕，是我还是那只不知从哪里突然冒出来的雌猩猩。分析句式结构可知， 空格后为宾语从句，从句缺主语。故填who/which。
8．Scientists have obtained more evidence that plastic is finding its way into the human body.
解析：考查名词性从句。从句不缺句子成分，且解释说明抽象名词evidence的内容，所以用that引导同位语从句。故填that。
9．This is what my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
解析：考查名词性从句。根据设空处前的is 可以判断，此处是一个表语从句。 从句中谓语动词用法为teach sb.sth.，缺少直接宾语。故填what。
10．The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race.
解析：考查名词性从句。介词to后是宾语从句，从句中动词wins前缺主语，而且金牌给的是“任何……的人”，因此填whoever引导宾语从句。故填whoever。
11．It is possible that caffeine may cause birth defects(缺陷) in humans，too.
解析：考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，该句是一个主从复合句，it作形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。故填that。
12．(2024·全国甲卷)On a cool，starry night in mid-September 1870，four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in what is now northwestern Wyoming.
解析：考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导的宾语从句作介词in的宾语，空处在该从句中作主语，指物，应用what。故填what。
Ⅱ.语法填空
名词性从句专练
An ageless question: When is someone “old”？
What does “old” really mean these days This isn't a meaningless question—not only does the definition of “old” have an outsized impact on 1.　　　　 good we feel about ourselves (not to mention 2.　　　　 others view us), it also matters to policymakers determining 3.　　　　 they will do to plan for aging populations.
The United Nations historically has defined older persons as people 60 years or over (sometimes 65)．It didn't matter 4.　　　　 you lived in the United States, China or Senegal, even 5.　　　　life expectancy is quite different in each of those countries.Everyone became old at 60.
Researchers Sergei Scherbov and Warren Sanderson, who study aging, are suggesting “prospective age”， which looks to the future.Everyone with the same prospective age has the same expected remaining years of life.
Scherbov explained 6.　　　　 young and old are relative concepts, and their common reference point is life expectancy.It sounds reasonable 7.　　　　“old” would vary between nations, especially between more-and less-developed countries, with differences in education, death rates, access to health care and life expectancy.
But 8.　　　　 is “old” also varies widely between individuals.The point, says Scherbov, is 9.　　　　 personal age is dependent on our “characteristics” understanding abilities, disability, health history and even education levels.Those with more education tend not to smoke, exercise more frequently, have better diets and have regular checkups, therefore, live longer, meaning 10.　　　　 the beginning of their old age comes later, says Scherbov.
语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了人什么时候变“老”的永恒话题。
解析：
1．how　考查名词性从句。此处为how引导的宾语从句。
2．how　考查名词性从句。not to mention 意为“更不用说”，此处为how引导的宾语从句。
3．what　考查名词性从句。句意：这对决策者决定他们要做什么来应对老龄化人口也很重要。
4．whether　考查名词性从句。句意：不管你住在美国，中国还是塞内加尔……。It是形式主语，whether引导的是主语从句。
5．if/though　考查连词。句意：尽管那些国家的平均寿命相差很大。even if/though意为“即使；尽管”。
6．that　考查名词性从句。此处为that引导的宾语从句。
7．that　考查名词性从句。It是形式主语，that引导的是真正的主语从句。
8．who　考查名词性从句。此处为who引导的主语从句。
9．that　考查名词性从句。句意：Scherbov说，关键在于个人的年龄取决于我们的“特征”理解能力、残疾、健康史，甚至教育程度。此处为that引导的表语从句。
10．that　考查名词性从句。此处为that引导的宾语从句。
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．建议我们多注意体育锻炼。
It is suggested that we pay more attention to taking physical exercise.
2．让我们高兴的是，50%的受访学生每周只有一次不吃饭，37%的学生每天都吃饭。
What delights us is that 50% of the students surveyed only skip meals once a week and 37% never skip meals every day.
3．生活充满了各种可能性，吉米决定尊重他儿子想要走的任何道路。
Life is full of possibilities and Jimmy decided to respect whatever path his son would like to take .
4．我写信是想问您能否帮我一个忙。
I'm writing to ask whether/if you could do me a favour .
5．回家的路上，微风拂过他的头发，麦克觉得刚才发生的一切只是一场噩梦，但当他想到保罗无私的帮助时，一股温暖的光芒涌进他的内心。
On the way back home, feeling the light breeze through his hair, Mac felt what happened just now was just a nightmare , but a warm glow flooded into his inner heart as he thought of Paul's unselfish assistance.
6．(2023·天津6月卷)我相信这样的活动对于促进跨文化理解和欣赏至关重要，我很高兴有机会分享自己的技能和经验，作为这项努力的一部分。
I hold the belief that such events are crucial for promoting cross-cultural understanding and appreciation ，and I am thrilled to have the opportunity to share my own skills and experience as part of this effort.
7．(2022·全国甲卷)我们必须采取措施来保护海洋的原因是它的污染正变得越来越严重。
The reason why we must take measures to protect the ocean is that its pollution is becoming more and more serious .
8．(2022·全国乙卷)他们更容易沉迷于网上聊天或玩游戏，那是因为他们缺乏自律。
They're more easily addicted to chatting online or playing games. That's because they lack self-discipline .
9．我建议你选择听说课程，因为这门课程完全是用中文教授的，这会对你有很大的好处。
I recommend that you (should) choose the Listening and Speaking course ，because the course is entirely taught in Chinese, which will benefit you a lot.
Ⅳ.写作运用(根据汉语提示完成下面短文，注意名词性从句的运用)
The Moment I Take Pride in
Where there is a will, there is a way.When I began to learn to cook three years ago, I failed many times.But in the end， 1.what was cooked by me was very delicious　 (我所做的饭菜很可口), because I carried on with it.The first dish was fried eggs.At first, 2.it was very difficult for me to control the temperature of oil　 (我很难控制油的温度)．In order to learn it well, I wasted a great number of eggs.I never gave up until I fried eggs better.
3.The reason why I learned to cook was that my mother could rest after she finished her work　 (我学做饭的原因是让我妈妈完成工作后可以休息)．I will keep the moment in my heart.