【高考突破方案】外研版英语必修第三册 Unit 3 The world of science 教师用书-高考一轮总复习
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| 名称 | 【高考突破方案】外研版英语必修第三册 Unit 3 The world of science 教师用书-高考一轮总复习 |
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| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 1.4MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 外研版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-12-16 00:00:00 | ||
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Unit 3 The world of science
(主题语境类型：人与社会；话题：科技发展和科学精神；话题涉及教材其他内容：选择性必修第三册 Unit 4 A glimpse of the future；选择性必修第四册 Unit 1 Looking forwards；选择性必修第四册 Unit 5 Into the unknown；选择性必修第四册 Unit 6 Space and beyond)
根据汉语提示或所提供的单词完成语篇，核对答案并背诵，以此串联高中3000＋词！(黑体部分是本单元词汇)。
Science and technology 1. are (be) a 2. significant (影响深远的)part of our everyday life. Chemists, astronomers, biologists and other scientists in other fields use 3. scientific methods (科学方法) and accurate techniques for different purposes. They desire 4. to know (know) how science and technology work and observe numbers of stuff 5. happening (happen) around us. Scientific research might not be every one's idea of fun, but for 6. an extraordinary and brilliant woman physics professor, Zhou Shuyun is just that, 7. who enjoys to discover new things. Scientific research is not like writing a 8. fiction (虚构的事), full of imaginative 9. accounts (account). It requires dozens of hours of mental concentration; the 10. experimental (experiment) procedure may take years of preservation and finally need solid 11. proofs (证据) and 12. instances (实例) for their conclusions. Professor Zhou decided to return to Tsinghua after working in a world famous lab in 2012, and started her own physics department and 13. declared (declare) that she was 14. entirely (entire) capable of making her own contribution 15. to the country. She hopes that there will be no need to distinguish between male 16. and female scientists one day.
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——我会认
1．gunpowder n. 火药
2．compass n． 指南针，罗盘
3．virtual adj. 虚拟的，模拟的
4．battery n． 电池
5．compute v． 计算
6．stuff n． 东西，物品
7．chemist n． 化学家
8．astronomer n． 天文学家
9．biologist n． 生物学家
10．minor adj. 小的
11．origin n． 起源，起因
12．species n． 物种
13．stream n． 小河，小溪
14．radium n． 镭(一种化学元素)
15．lightning n． 闪电
16．fiction n． 虚构的事，想象的事
17．metal n． 金属
18．flash n． 闪光
19．conduct v． 传导(热、电)
20．gravity n． 重力，引力
21．procedure n． 程序，步骤，手续
Ⅱ.重点单词——我会写
1. shoot v．射出(光、亮等)，放射
2. desire n．渴望，欲望
3. passive adj.被动的
4. beyond prep.无法……
5. instance n．例子，实例
6. extraordinary adj.非凡的，出色的
7. brilliant adj.聪颖的，才华横溢的
8. cure n．药物；疗法
9. draft v．起草，草拟
10. experiment n．(科学)实验
11. account n．记述，描述
单词拼写
1．(2024·全国甲卷) For instance (例子), almost all animals have distinct vocals that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter.
2．(2024·新课标全国Ⅰ卷) The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters (实验者) move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text.
3．(2023·全国甲卷)The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire (欲望), loneliness, and aging.
4．(2023·浙江卷) Brilliant (精彩的) though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses.
5．(2022·新课标全国Ⅱ卷) In the beginning, it is flexible (易弯曲的), but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken.
6．If situations are beyond (无法) repair, it's time to let it go.
7．Researchers often find cures (疗法) for certain diseases by using the forests' plants and animals.
Ⅲ.拓展单词——我会变
1. press v．按；压；逼迫 n．按；压；印刷；新闻→ pressure n．压力；挤压；压迫(感)
2. flexible adj.易弯曲的，柔韧的→ flexibility n．灵活性；弹性；适应性
3. capable adj.有能力的→ capability n．才能，能力；性能，容量
4. significant adj.重要的，影响深远的→ significance n．意义；意思；重要性；重要意义
5. injure vt.损害；伤害→ injury n．伤害；损害→ injured adj.受伤的
6. accurate adj.准确的；精确的→ accuracy n．精确；准确 → accurately adv.准确地；精确地
7. minor adj.小的→ minority n．少数；少数民族
8. origin n．起源；由来；起因→ original adj.原来的
9. theory n．学说，理论→ theoretical adj.理论的，理论上的 → theoretically adv.理论地；理论上
10. mental adj.精神的；精神健康的→ mentally adv.精神上，心理上
11. declaration n．声明，宣告→ declare vt.宣布；声明；表明；宣称
12. attach v．系，绑；贴→ attached adj.依恋的，附属于
13. scientific adj.科学(上)的→ scientifically adv.合乎科学地 → science n．科学→ scientist n．科学家
14. proof n．证明，证据→ prove v．证明是；被发现是
[语境活用]——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．An injured man was taken to the hospital, where the doctors found he suffered severe injuries to the head and arms and they wondered who had injured him.(injure)
2．Don't forget to check that your attachment is actually attached to the email.(attach)
3．The organiser declared the opening of the competition, but the opening speeches sounded more like declarations of war.(declare)
4．The worker's idea is not a scientific way to test their products. Efforts are being made to research it scientifically by the scientists ．(science)
5．The flexibility of distance learning would be particularly suited to busy managers, because they want to have more flexible working hours.(flexible)
6．There are 55 minorities in our country and there are some minor differences between them.(minor)
7．Don't press me any longer. These days, I can't fall asleep because the coming final exam is putting great pressure on me.(press)
8．Therefore, I believe that this research has the significant theory value and the practice significance ．(significant)
9．When making the plan, you should pay more attention to the accuracy . You must measure the length accurately in order to get the accurate number.(accurate)
10. At first, I was not familiar with the origin of the custom in this village. However, later on, I learned that the original character of the custom was a snake. (origin)
Ⅳ.重点短语——我牢记
1. in addition 除此之外；另外
2. make an advance/advances 取得进步
3. thanks to 多亏，由于
4. in terms of 根据……来说；依照……；就……而言
5. no doubt 无疑地；必定
6. beyond recognition 面目全非；无法辨认
7. for instance 例如
8. name...after... 以……命名……
9. apart from 除……之外
10. along with 与……一起；连同……一起
[语境活用]——选用上述短语填空
1．Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu.
2. By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.
3．With a large brain, human beings beat other beings in terms of intelligence.
4. Our team, apart from regular training, will join in a variety of activities, such as participating in some national competitions on behalf of our school.
5．Staying up to study does harm to your health. In addition ， it will affect your study the following day for lack of energy.
6．As a reward for his contribution to Botany, Joseph Banks had a flower named after him.
1.“能力”总结
①capable adj.有能力的
②capability n．能力；才能
③capacity n．能力；资格
④competence n．能力；权限
⑤ability n．能力；能耐
⑥able adj.有才能的；有能力的
2．后缀 ist名词荟萃
①scientist 科学家
②biologist 生物学家
③psychologist 心理学家
④physicist 物理学家
⑤chemist 化学家
⑥tourist 游客
3．“重要的”几个词
①significant adj. 重要的
②important adj. 重要的
③vital adj. 至关重要的
④essential adj. 极其重要的
1.And now, we find ourselves in the great new age of technology.
而现在，我们发现自己正处于伟大的科技新时代。
【考点凝练】find＋宾语＋宾语补足语
2．More than one generation of school children has been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth.
数代学生都叹服于他的勇气与追求真理时采用的科学手段。
【考点凝练】“more than one＋单数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数
3．In fact, more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof that it hit him on the head.
事实上，不止一种说法表明，虽然牛顿的灵感来自一个掉落的苹果，但没有证据表明苹果击中了他的头部。
【考点凝练】that引导同位语从句
[语境活用] ——经典句式仿写
1．当我挣扎着站起来时，我发现自己在一个山洞里。(find＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
When I struggled to get to my feet, I found myself in a cave ．
2．鲁迅影响了不止一代的中国人。(more than one)
More than one generation of the Chinese people was influenced by Lu Xun.
3．尽管他身体不好，但他总是努力工作。(that引导同位语从句)
He always works hard in spite of the fact that he is not in good health ．
核 心 词 汇
1．press n．压，按，挤；印刷 v．按，压；催促，敦促
基础练习·单句语法填空
(1)(2024·新课标全国Ⅱ卷)Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure (press) on the places we visit and improve our experience.
(2)With the pumpkin resting on the table, hole uppermost, I bent over and pressed my head against the opening.
(3) Pressed (press) by my friends and relations, I decided to send my invention to the patent office to get recognition for my successful idea.
(4)I know I can act under pressure in a scary situation.
(5)The police pressed her to remember (remember) all the details.
归纳拓展
·press sth. on sb.把(想法等)强加于某人；勉强某人接受
press...against...把……压/贴在……上
press sb.to do sth.极力劝说/敦促某人做某事
·pressure n. 压力
under pressure在压力下；承受压力
put pressure on...给……施加压力
能力提升·句式写作诵读
(6)(普通表达)As he was pressed by his family, he had to give up his dream of singing, and began to take over the family business.
(高级表达) Pressed by his family ， he had to give up his dream of singing, and began to take over the family business.(分词短语作状语)
2．desire n．渴望，欲望；要求vt.渴望，希望；要求
基础练习·单句语法填空
(1)(2022·浙江卷) The word “wanderlust” in Paragraph 2 means a desire to travel (travel) to different places.
(2)It is obvious that he is not ambitious and has no desire for success.
(3)The boy is working hard before examinations, for he desires to pass (pass) the exam.
归纳拓展
·have a desire to do sth.迫切想做某事
have a desire for sth.急于得到某物
·desire sth./to do sth.渴望某物/做某事
desire sb./sth.to do sth.渴望某人/某物做某事
desire that...渴望……(从句中谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。类似的词还有：insist，request，suggest，require，urge等。)
注意：desire的名词作“请求，要求”讲时，与其相关的同位语从句、表语从句、宾语从句以及主语从句也常用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语部分为“(should＋)动词原形”。
能力提升·句式写作诵读
(4)他母亲希望他成为一名建筑师。
①His mother desired him to be/become an architect.
②His mother desired that he (should) be/become an architect.
3．significant adj.重要的，影响深远的；显著的
基础练习·单句语法填空
(1)(2024·新课标全国Ⅱ卷) Because the system is automated, it significantly (significant) reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants.
(2)(2022·全国甲卷) Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant (significance) thing happened in Sydney, Australia.
(3)I do think this theory is really of great significance (significant).
归纳拓展
·significantly adv.显著地；有重大意义地
·significance n．重要性，意义；意思，含义
be of great significance＝be very significant 有重大意义的
have some significance for...对……有意义
能力提升·句式写作诵读
(4)我认为餐桌礼仪非常重要。(应用文之介绍信)
①In my opinion，table manners are very significant ．(significant)
②In my opinion, table manners are of great significance ．(significance)
基础练习·单句语法填空
(1)(2023·新课标全国Ⅰ卷) Once there, Lenoue was assessed and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries (injure) in one of her knees.
(2)She was injured (injure) so seriously and had to be kept alive on a life support machine.
(3)The injured were sent (send) to the nearest hospital right away after the accident.
归纳拓展
·injury n．伤害，损伤
do sb.an injury 伤害某人
·injured adj.受伤的
get injured 受伤
the injured 伤者
能力提升·句式写作诵读
(4)She was badly injured in the accident and was sent to the nearest hospital.
→ Badly injured in the accident ，she was sent to the nearest hospital.(用非谓语动词改写)
5．attach v．系，绑，贴；喜欢，依恋；附在……上；认为有重要性
基础练习·单句语法填空
(1)While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts，which might add to the meaning I attach to them.
(2)On her birthday she received a box of chocolates with a card attached (attach) to it, saying “Happy birthday！”
(3)A couple of years ago, film maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached (attach) to screens.
归纳拓展
·attach sth.to...把某物连接到/附在……上
attach oneself to 依附……；缠着……
attach importance/significance/value to...重视；认为……重要/有意义/有价值
·attached adj.喜爱的；依恋的；附属于
be attached to被连接到……；爱慕；附属于
·attachment n．附件，附属物
能力提升·句式写作诵读
(4)说实在的，许多人把名和利看得很重。
To be honest，a lot of people attach great importance to becoming rich and famous ．
基础练习·单句语法填空
(1)(2024·新课标全国Ⅱ卷) Additionally (addition), it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school.
(2)(2022·全国乙卷) The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional (addition) time demands placed on the friend who has moved.
(3)In addition to reading (read) for knowledge, we read for fun and inspiration.
归纳拓展
·in addition to除……之外，还……(＝as well as＝besides)
except(＝but)除……外(其余都)
apart from(＝except/besides)除……之外
·additional adj.额外的，附加的
·additionally adv.另外，此外
【点津】in addition相当于一个副词，表示递进关系，后面跟逗号。in addition to是一个介词短语，后面接名词或动词 ing形式。
能力提升·句式写作诵读
(4)你需要钱和时间，此外还需要努力。
You need money and time; in addition ， you need hard work.
重 点 句 型
find＋宾语＋宾补
And now，we find ourselves in the great new age of technology.
现在，我们发现自己处于伟大的新技术时代。
基础练习·单句语法填空
(1)(2023·浙江卷) As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting (want) to speak up for yourself if others comment on what you're doing.
(2)After wandering around，we found ourselves lost (lose) in a strange road.
(3)We find it passive for some students to memorize English words.
归纳拓展
·“find oneself＋宾语补足语”通常表示“在事先毫无知觉的情况下突然发现自己处于某种状态”。宾语补足语常由介词短语、现在分词、过去分词、形容词或副词充当，一般不用不定式，但可用to be。
·find＋sb./sth.＋宾语补足语，表示“发现某人/某物……”。
·find＋it＋ adj./n.＋(for sb.)＋to do sth.表示“发现/认为做某事……”。
能力提升·句式写作诵读
(4)我惊讶地发现自己对这个活动很感兴趣。
I was surprised to find myself interested in the activity ．
(5)听说你认为学习汉语诗歌很难。(应用文之建议信)
I hear that you find it hard to learn Chinese poems ．
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Jack shot (shoot) an anxious look at his mother when she bent down in pain.
2．The salesgirl attached a label to each product and placed them in order.
3．I suddenly felt a strong desire to laugh (laugh).
4．Many types of cancer can now be cured (cure).
5．He is capable of conducting a conversation for a long time.
6．We require grammar and spelling to be accurate (accuracy).
7．The injured (injure) man was rushed to the hospital. After being examined, he was thought to be physically and mentally (mental) well.
8．Only a minority (minor) of young people think they will become chemists (chemistry) and do scientific (science) research.
9．The declaration (declare) was not entirely (entire) unexpected. There had been signs in the minister's speech.
10．As a biologist (biology), he attaches significance (significant)to protecting the species.
Ⅱ.语境辨义练
一词多义练/熟词生义练
1．press
A．v.按；压 B．v.逼迫 C．v.挤，推 D．n.新闻界
(1)I don't want the public，especially the press to know about this matter at this stage. D
(2)They are pressing us to make a quick decision. B
(3)In case of emergency，break the glass and press the button. A
(4)He pressed through the crowd towards the superstar. C
2．conduct
(1)He was discharged from the police force because of his improper conduct． B
(2)To get solid proof，he conducted the investigation. C
(3)He was invited to conduct a concert in America. A
3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思
(1)A one minute scene in a movie takes days to shoot． 拍摄
(2)He sat at the table stuffing himself. 吃得过饱
(3)(2024· 新课标全国Ⅱ卷)... but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. (使)转变
(4)(2023·全国甲卷)The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. 读书；读物
Ⅰ.话题微写作(运用单元知识，在真实任务情境中提高语言综合运用能力)
请根据以下提示内容，写一篇关于金属镁(题中的镁条已打磨除去氧化膜)在空气中燃烧所产生的现象的实验报告。
参考词汇： magnesium 镁； Bunsen burner本生灯； crucible tongs 坩埚钳； magnesium oxide 氧化镁
1．我们的实验目的是弄清如果镁在空气中燃烧会发生什么。(experiment)
The purpose of our experiment is to find out what will happen if magnesium burns in air.
2．为了进行这个实验，我们需要如下物品：一块镁条，一个本生灯，一把坩埚钳。(stuff)
To carry out the experiment, we need the following stuff: a piece of magnesium，a Bunsen burner，a pair of crucible tongs.
3．当所有这些物品都准备就绪后，我们就可以开始做实验了。(entirely)
When all these things are entirely ready, we can begin the experiment.
4．首先，点燃本生灯，然后用坩埚钳夹住镁条。(light)
First, light the Bunsen burner and then use the crucible tongs to hold the piece of magnesium.
5．当镁条被放在本生灯的火焰上时，镁条开始燃烧，发出耀眼的白光，并产生一种白色物质。(when引导的时间状语从句)
When the piece of magnesium has been put on the flame of the Bunsen burner, it begins to burn, gives off dazzling white light and produces a kind of white substance.
6．根据实验，我们可以得出结论——当镁在空气中燃烧时，它与氧气反应生成一种叫作氧化镁的白色物质。(draw a conclusion)
According to the experiment, we can draw a conclusion— when magnesium burns in air, it reacts with oxygen to produce a kind of white substance called magnesium oxide.
[句式升级]
1．将第3句用“ with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构进行改写升级。
With all these things entirely ready, we can begin the experiment.
2．将第6句用同位语从句进行改写升级。
According to the experiment, we can draw a conclusion that when magnesium burns in air, it reacts with oxygen to produce a kind of white substance called magnesium oxide.
[连句成篇]
参考范文：
The purpose of our experiment is to find out what will happen if magnesium burns in air. To carry out the experiment, we need the following stuff: a piece of magnesium，a Bunsen burner, a pair of crucible tongs. With all these things entirely ready, we can begin the experiment. First, light the Bunsen burner and then use the crucible tongs to hold the piece of magnesium. When the piece of magnesium has been put on the flame of the Bunsen burner, it begins to burn, gives off dazzling white light and produces a kind of white substance. According to the experiment, we can draw a conclusion that when magnesium burns in air, it reacts with oxygen to produce a kind of white substance called magnesium oxide.
Ⅱ.读后续写微写作
(一)积累常诵
动作描写之动“眼”(二)
动词 keep, narrow, turn, shut, squeeze
短语 keep an eye on, narrow one's eyes, turn one's eyes to, shut one's eyes, squeeze one's eyes shut
句子 ①Tina squeezed her eyes shut and bit her lip. ②Her eyes brimmed with/filled with tears. ③She tried to sit up, her eyes fixed on Jean's face.
(二)语段写作
第一步：按要求用与“eye”相关的表达完成句子
1．安妮的父亲眯起眼睛，思忖着发生了什么事。
Anne's father narrowed his eyes ， wondering what had happened.
2．听到把手转动的声音，他向门那边看去。
He turned his eyes to the door when he heard the handle turning.
3．看到安妮进来，他困惑地上下打量着她。
Eyeing Anne come in ， he eyed her up and down ， confused.(eye用作动词，分词作状语)
4．尽管安妮蓝色的眼睛里噙满泪水，她却留意着她父亲的神情。
Though Anne's blue eyes were full of tears ， she kept an eye on her father's expression.(状语从句)
5．安妮直视父亲的眼睛，告诉了他真相。
Anne looked at her father straight in the eye and told him the truth.
6．他得知真相后紧紧闭上双眼，咬了咬嘴唇，泪水滑下脸颊。
When he learned the truth, he sgueezed his eyes shut and bit his lip，with tears running down his cheeks ．(with复合结构)
第二步：将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵，注意使用合适的过渡衔接词汇
Anne's father narrowed his eyes, wondering what had happened. Then, he turned his eyes to the door when he heard the handle turning. Eyeing Anne come in, he eyed her up and down, confused. Though Anne's blue eyes were full of tears, she kept an eye on her father's expression. Anne looked at her father straight in the eye and told him the truth. When he learned the truth, he squeezed his eyes shut and bit his lip，with tears running down his cheeks.
强化训练[15]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2025·江西多校联考)
The “passenger carrying pilotless” electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) vehicle, autonomous flying taxis, could soon be a reality after a vehicle manufacturer (生产商) obtained the world's first production certificate to manufacture them in China.
First announced in 2018, this eVTOL is a small, fully electric VTOL craft built with carbon fiber and 16 propellers (螺旋桨) powered by 16 motors. It can reach speeds of up to 62 mph and has a maximum altitude of around 10，000 feet. Designed for passenger transport, it can hold two passengers and has an autonomic driving system.
Many companies manufacture eVTOLs, but they have so far only been developed as prototypes (样机) for test flights. This eVTOL has been tested numerous times with both crewed and uncrewed flights. It isn't the company's first model. It follows a “passenger drone” that first appeared in 2016. The vehicle is expected to function in areas such as air taxi service, aerial tourism, airport shuttles, and cross island transportation.
Large scale production of this eVTOL represents an important milestone in making unmanned eVTOLs and similar aircraft a reality. It's the first eVTOL to have been granted such certification, which in turn could make China the first nation to make flying taxis a service that people can use.
While this eVTOL now has approval for mass production, the authority issued the Green Aviation Manufacturing Industry Development Program (2023 2035) in October 2023, which offers guidance on putting a pilot operated eVTOL in the skies by 2025 and fully autonomous services on a large scale by 2035, including the need to establish practical regulations and insurance plans for flying cars.
In contrast, a US implementation plan has targeted 2028 as the year that eVTOLs will fly commercially for the first time, with appropriate regulation and certification governing their safe manufacturing and use. With this in mind, China could steal a march on the US in terms of making—or at least testing—eVTOLs at a commercial level.
语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新型电动垂直起降(eVTOL)飞行器的相关信息，包括其设计特点、功能用途、生产认证情况以及未来的发展前景等。
1．What is the author's purpose of writing Paragraph 2
A．To explain the potential uses of the eVTOL.
B．To describe the productive process for the eVTOL.
C．To show the technical specifications of the eVTOL.
D．To state the history of the eVTOL's development.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据第二段“First announced in 2018, this eVTOL is a small, fully electric VTOL craft built with carbon fiber and 16 propellers (螺旋桨) powered by 16 motors. It can reach speeds of up to 62 mph and has a maximum altitude of around 10，000 feet. Designed for passenger transport, it can hold two passengers and has an autonomic driving system.(该eVTOL于2018年首次公布，是一种小型全电动垂直起降飞行器，由碳纤维和16个螺旋桨组成，由16个电机提供动力。它的速度最高可达62英里/小时，最大高度约为10，000英尺。专为客运设计，可容纳两名乘客，并配有自动驾驶系统。)”可知，本段的目的是展示eVTOL的技术参数。故选C项。
2．What do we know about the eVTOL from Paragraph 3
A．It was first developed in 2016.
B．It is the company's first model.
C．It has only been tested with crewed flights.
D．It is expected to be used in air taxi service.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第三段“This eVTOL has been tested numerous times with both crewed and uncrewed flights. It isn't the company's first model. It follows a ‘passenger drone’ that first appeared in 2016. The vehicle is expected to function in areas such as air taxi service, aerial tourism, airport shuttles, and cross island transportation.(这种eVTOL已经在载人和无人飞行中进行了多次测试。这并不是该公司的第一款机型。在此之前，2016年首次出现了一款‘客运无人机’。该飞行器预计将在空中出租车服务、空中旅游、机场穿梭和跨岛运输等领域发挥作用。)”可知，eVTOL预计将用于空中出租车服务。故选D项。
3．What does the underlined word “granted” in Paragraph 4 mean
A．Confirmed. B．Digested.
C．Denied. D．Implied.
解析：A 词句猜测题。根据第一段“The ‘passenger carrying pilotless’ electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) vehicle, autonomous flying taxis, could soon be a reality after a vehicle manufacturer (生产商) obtained the world's first production certificate to manufacture them in China.(‘载客无人驾驶’电动垂直起降(eVTOL)车辆，即自动飞行出租车，可能很快就会成为现实，因为一家汽车制造商获得了世界上第一个在中国制造的生产证书。)”以及第四段“which in turn could make China the first nation to make flying taxis a service that people can use(这反过来又可能使中国成为第一个让飞行出租车成为人们可以使用的服务的国家)”可知，这可能使中国成为第一个让飞行出租车成为人们可以使用的服务的国家，所以应是首架获得认证的eVTOL飞机，推知granted应是“承认”之意，和A项意思相近。故选A项。
4．Which can be the best title for the text
A．The Future Of Air Taxi Service In The US
B．Flying Taxis Are About To Become A Reality
C．The Rapid Development Of eVTOL Vehicles
D．A Vehicle Manufacturer Will Launch Air Taxi Service
解析：B 主旨大意题。根据第一段“The ‘passenger carrying pilotless’ electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) vehicle, autonomous flying taxis, could soon be a reality after a vehicle manufacturer (生产商) obtained the world's first production certificate to manufacture them in China.(‘载客无人驾驶’电动垂直起降(eVTOL)车辆，即自动飞行出租车，可能很快就会成为现实，因为一家汽车制造商获得了世界上第一个在中国制造的生产证书。)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一种新型电动垂直起降(eVTOL)飞行器的相关信息，所以B项“Flying Taxis Are About To Become A Reality(飞行出租车即将成为现实)”是本文最好的标题。故选B项。
B
(2025·江门市调研)
Scientific discovery is one of the most complicated human activities, for scientists must understand the existing knowledge, raise a research question and design and conduct an experiment in pursuit of an answer. Can this complex process be automated
Last week, Sakana AI Labs announced the creation of an “AI scientist”—an artificial intelligence system they claim can make scientific discoveries in a fully automated way. Using generative large language models(LLMs)like those behind ChatGPT and other AI chatbots, the system can brainstorm, select a promising idea, code new algorithms(算法), plot results, and write a paper summarizing the experiment and its findings.
Nowadays, a lot of science is done in the open, and almost all scientific knowledge has been written down somewhere. Millions of scientific papers are freely available online. LLMs trained with this data can easily capture the language of science and its patterns. It is therefore perhaps not at all surprising that a generative LLM can produce something that looks like a good scientific paper—it has absorbed many examples that it can copy.
What is less clear is whether an AI system can produce an interesting scientific paper. Crucially, good science requires novelty. Scientists don't want to be told about things that are already known. Rather, they want to learn new things, especially new things that are significantly different from what is already known.
The Sakana system tries to address novelty in two ways. First，it “scores” new paper ideas for similarity to existing research. Anything too similar is cast away. Second, Sakana's system introduces a “peer review” step—using another LLM to judge the quality and novelty of the generated paper.
Feedback is mixed on Sakana AI's output. Some have described it as producing “endless scientific slop”. Even the system's own review of its outputs judges the papers weak at best. This is likely to improve as the technology evolves, but the question of whether automated scientific papers are valuable remains. Is this the kind of scientific ecosystem we want
语篇导读：本文为一篇说明文，Sakana人工智能实验室宣布了一名“人工智能科学家”的诞生，该人工智能系统声称可以完全自动化地进行科学发现，文章介绍了其语言模型的工作形式，并对于其科学生态系统提出疑问。
5．What is the primary function of AI scientist in scientific researches
A．To help analyze scientific data.
B．To assist scientists in researches.
C．To automate the entire discovery.
D．To review human authored papers.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Last week, Sakana AI Labs announced the creation of an ‘AI scientist’—an artificial intelligence system they claim can make scientific discoveries in a fully automated way.(上周，Sakana人工智能实验室宣布了一名‘人工智能科学家’的诞生，该人工智能系统声称可以完全自动化地进行科学发现。)”可知，人工智能科学家在科学研究中的主要功能是完全自动化地进行科学发现。故选C。
6．How do LLMs work
A．They grasp the scientific terms and frameworks.
B．They conduct scientific researches independently.
C．They include most advanced scientific knowledge.
D．They create papers through direct input from experts.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“LLMs trained with this data can easily capture the language of science and its patterns. It is therefore perhaps not at all surprising that a generative LLM can produce something that looks like a good scientific paper—it has absorbed many examples that it can copy.(使用这些数据训练的LLMs可以很容易地捕捉科学的语言及其模式。因此，生成型LLM能够写出看起来像一篇优秀科学论文的东西，这一点也不奇怪——它已经吸收了许多可以复制的例子。)”可知，LLMs能通过掌握科学术语和框架模式来工作。故选A。
7．How does the Sakana system attempt to ensure novelty
A．By adding human experts' review.
B．By ruling out similar paper ideas.
C．By using unpublished research data.
D．By borrowing ideas from new papers.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“The Sakana system tries to address novelty in two ways. First, it ‘scores’ new paper ideas for similarity to existing research. Anything too similar is cast away. Second, Sakana's system introduces a ‘peer review’ step—using another LLM to judge the quality and novelty of the generated paper.(Sakana系统试图通过两种方式解决创新问题。首先，它对新论文的想法与现有研究的相似性进行‘评分’。太相似的东西都被抛弃了。其次，Sakana的系统引入了一个‘同行评议’步骤——使用另一个LLM来判断生成论文的质量和新异)”可知，Sakana系统试图通过排除类似的论文观点确保新颖。故选B。
8．What may be the author's attitude towards AI scientific ecosystem
A．Unclear. B．Supportive.
C．Skeptical. D．Indifferent.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Feedback is mixed on Sakana AI's output. Some have described it as producing ‘endless scientific slop’. Even the system's own review of its outputs judges the papers weak at best. This is likely to improve as the technology evolves, but the question of whether automated scientific papers are valuable remains. Is this the kind of scientific ecosystem we want？(Sakana AI的输出反馈是混合的。一些人将其描述为产生‘无尽的科学垃圾’。即使是系统自己对其产出的审查，也会判断这些论文充其量是薄弱的。随着技术的发展，这种情况可能会有所改善，但自动化的科学论文是否有价值的问题仍然存在。这就是我们想要的科学生态系统吗)”可知，作者认为自动化的科学论文价值问题有待判断，因此，对于人工智能科学生态系统持有怀疑态度。故选C。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·云南名校高三监测)
When Rob Burrow was diagnosed(诊断) with motor neurone disease (MND) in December 2019, it put an end to his 16 year career as a rugby player for Leeds Rhinos. As the disease 1. , it causes muscle weakness, 2. visible wasting of the affected muscles.
What didn't waste away, however, was a lasting 3. with legendary sportsman and Leeds Rhinos teammate Kevin Sinfield. Pumped into action by his friend's 4. ， Sinfield recently 5. the sports world when he carried Burrow over the 6. line of the Rob Burrow Leeds Marathon this past May.
Sinfield, current defense coach of the England rugby union team, has taken on a remarkable series of 7. to generate funds, 8. awareness and support the fight against MND following Burrow's diagnosis, reports CNN.
“To have 12，500 people run alongside us and for Burrow to be able to 9. take part, was incredible，” Sinfield recalled. “The event was 10. for all of us. To get that moment at the end which symbolized 11. ， friendship, and caring for your mate was 12. ．” Sinfield told CNN.
“Today is an amazing day for the whole community and will 13. every sufferer，” Burrow texted in 2020, when Sinfield raised over $3 million for MND.This year, Burrow wrote, “My 14. friend Kevin, you don't realize the 15. you have had on me and the whole MND community.”
语篇导读：本文是一篇记叙文。当Rob Burrow被诊断患有运动神经元病后，他的队友Kevin Sinfield参加了Rob Burrow Leeds马拉松，以便筹钱支持运动神经元病的研究、提高人们对这个疾病的意识、支持与这个疾病抗争。
1．A.passes B．progresses
C．grows D．moves
解析：B 句意：随着疾病的发展，它会导致肌肉无力，导致受影响的肌肉明显萎缩。A.passes通过，走过；B.progresses进步，进展；C.grows成长；D.moves移动。根据前文中的“When Rob Burrow was diagnosed(诊断) with motor neurone disease (MND)”和本句中的“it causes muscle weakness”可知，一开始Rob Burrow被诊断患有运动神经元病，这个时候病情应该比较轻，而随着这种疾病的发展，它会导致肌肉无力。故选B。
2．A.making up B．bringing out
C．resulting in D．putting away
解析：C 句意：同上。A.making up编造；B.bringing out使显现；C.resulting in导致；D.putting away把……收起。根据空后的“visible wasting of the affected muscles”可知，肌肉无力会最终导致肌肉萎缩。故选C。
3．A.friendship B．agreement
C．peace D．satisfaction
解析：A 句意：然而，没有衰弱的是与传奇运动员、利兹犀牛队队友Kevin Sinfield的持久友谊。A.friendship友谊；B.agreement协定，协议；C.peace和平；D.satisfaction满足，满意。根据下文中的“his friend's”和空前的“lasting”可知，这里说的是Rob Burrow和Kevin Sinfield的友谊。故选A。
4．A.experience B．wisdom
C．observation D．illness
解析：D 句意：因为他朋友的疾病而采取行动，他最近赢得了体育界的称赞，今年5月Sinfield在 Rob Burrow Leeds马拉松比赛中带着Burrow越过了终点线。A.experience经历；B.wisdom智慧；C.observation观察；D.illness疾病。空前的“his friend's”指的是Rob Burrow，结合上文可知，他患有运动神经元病。故选D。
5．A.wowed B．greeted
C．reminded D．attracted
解析：A 句意：同上。A.wowed使喝彩，博得……的称赞；B.greeted欢迎；C.reminded提醒；D.attracted吸引。根据句中的“he carried Burrow over the 6 line of the Rob Burrow Leeds Marathon this past May”可知，他的这种行为获得了体育界的赞赏。故选A。
6．A.starting B．crossing
C．finishing D．dividing
解析：C 句意：同上。A.starting (line)起跑线；B.crossing十字路口；C.finishing (line)终点线；D.dividing (line)分界线。根据空前的“he carried Burrow over”可知，他带着Rob Burrow越过了终点线。故选C。
7．A.performances B．challenges
C．discussions D．events
解析：B 句意：据美国有线电视新闻网报道，英格兰橄榄球联盟队现任防守教练Sinfield在Burrow确诊后，承担了一系列引人注目的挑战，以筹集资金、提高人们的认识并支持对抗MND。A.performances表演；B.challenges挑战；C.discussions讨论；D.events大事，比赛项目。根据空前的“taken on”和上文中的“the Rob Burrow Leeds Marathon”可知，Sinfield承担了一系列挑战。故选B。
8．A.raise B.simplify
C．push D．protect
解析：A 句意：同上。A.raise提高；B.simplify使简化；C.push推动；D.protect保护。根据空后的“awareness”可知，这里表示提高人们对MND这个疾病的认识。故选A。
9．A.generally B．fully
C．temporarily D．occasionally
解析：B 句意：Sinfield回忆道：“有12，500人与我们并肩跑，Burrow能够完全参与其中，真是太不可思议了。”A.generally一般地；B.fully完全地，充分地；C.temporarily暂时地；D.occasionally偶然，偶尔。根据上文中的“he carried Burrow over the 6 line of the Rob Burrow Leeds Marathon”可知，Sinfield带着Burrow一起跑马拉松，Burrow能够完全参与其中。故选B。
10．A.significant B．positive
C．precious D．tough
解析：D 句意：这件事对我们所有人来说都很艰难。A.significant有重大意义的；B.positive积极的；C.precious宝贵的；D.tough艰难的。根据上文中的“To have 12，500 people run alongside us and for Burrow to be able to 9 take part, was incredible”可知，做成这件事令人觉得不可思议，由此可知，这件事做起来并不容易。故选D。
11．A.love B．cheer
C．interest D．choice
解析：A 句意：能在比赛结束时获得象征着爱、友谊和对朋友的关心的时刻，真是难以置信。A.love爱；B.cheer欢呼声；C.interest兴趣；D.choice选择。根据空后的“friendship, and caring”可知，这里应用和friendship、caring表达感情一致的抽象名词，结合选项，这里应用love。故选A。
12．A.independent B．unbelievable
C．popular D．particular
解析：B 句意： 同上。A.independent独立的；B.unbelievable难以置信的；C.popular流行的；D.particular特别的。根据上文中的“To have 12，500 people run alongside us and for Burrow to be able to 9 take part, was incredible”可知，Sinfield认为让大家一起为Burrow跑并且让Burrow参与其中，这是不可思议的，而在最后获得代表爱、友谊、关心的时刻也同样是令人难以置信的。故选B。
13．A.educate B．shape
C．benefit D．judge
解析：C 句意：“今天对整个群体来说是令人惊叹的一天，将使每一位患者受益，”Burrow在2020年发短信说，当时Sinfield为MND筹集了300多万美元。A.educate教育；B.shape塑造；C.benefit使受益；D.judge判断。根据句中的“Sinfield raised over $3 million for MND”可知，这场马拉松筹集了300多万美元，所以会让患者受益。故选C。
14．A.loyal B．confident
C．smart D．amazing
解析：D 句意：我了不起的朋友Kevin，你没有意识到你对我和整个MND群体的影响。A.loyal忠诚的；B.confident自信的；C.smart聪明的；D.amazing令人惊奇的，惊人的。根据空后的“friend Kevin”并结合Kevin的所作所为可知，Kevin的举动很了不起。故选D。
15．A.pity B．comment
C．impact D．pressure
解析：C 句意： 同上。A.pity遗憾；B.comment评论；C.impact巨大影响；D.pressure压力。根据空后的“you have had on me and the whole MND community”可知，Kevin的行为产生了巨大的影响。故选C。
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2025·青岛市一模)
I begged my mom to let me make cookies by myself.Even though I had never attempted baking before, I was nine years old and my friend Emmie had been baking cupcakes by herself for a year.I was determined to prove that I could make it.
My brother, Caleb, laughed at the idea of me cooking alone, calling it a disaster.Having a big brother can be annoying.Despite his laughing, my mom agreed to let me try.She reminded me to take my time and be careful because I'd had some messy spills before I was nine.
I raced to the kitchen and went to work.I cracked eggs and put a cold stick of butter into the bowl.I turned on the mixer at medium speed—and whoa.Whoa.Whoa! What a disaster! I had to wipe butter off my face, then off the table and floor.
Caleb made fun of me again, calling me a mess.I chased him away with a spoon and turned back to the mixing bowl.I started again with softer butter.Referring to the recipe, I poured everything needed into the bowl and mixed it.After that, I put the round batter (面糊) onto the cookie sheet and put it into the oven (烤箱).Within a minute, a fantastic smell filled the kitchen—the smell of cookie success!
I was going to prove that I was responsible.No more eye rolling from my brother.No more “You're too young” from my parents.I had grown up and was in control.
I stared into the oven, and my heart sank.The neat, little balls had melted (融化) and overflowed to the edges of the cookie sheet.I pulled the pan out just as Caleb wandered back into the kitchen.
“What in the world？” He started to laugh.“Cookie soup？”
“You just be quiet，” I whispered, trying not to cry.“Just leave me alone.”
“How's it going in there？” Dad called from the living room.
Caleb raised his eyebrows and bit his lip.I responded that everything was fine, pouring the melted batter into the bowl quickly.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应的位置作答。
I picked up the directions, wondering what had gone wrong.
I brought a plate of cookies into the living room for my family.
【写作提示】
故事人物 作者、哥哥、父母
故事梗概 作者想尝试做饼干，妈妈同意了。没有经验的作者第一次烘焙以失败告终，并遭到了哥哥的嘲笑。
续写要点 第一段：1.描写作者看制作饼干的指南；2.描写作者反思自己的错误，继续尝试。
第二段：描写作者的父母和哥哥试吃后的反应以及作者的感悟。
参考范文：
I picked up the directions, wondering what had gone wrong.Taking a deep breath, I reread the recipe word by word.Suddenly, I realized my mistake—the temperature of the oven was set too high, and I hadn't chilled the dough as the recipe suggested.With new found confidence, I grabbed a new bowl and started over.This time, I followed the instructions precisely, adjusting the oven's temperature and letting the dough chill in the refrigerator.Finally came the last step: I carefully placed the cookies back into the oven.
I brought a plate of cookies into the living room for my family.The cookies looked not perfectly golden, but smelt good.I stared at them nervously when they were tasting the cookies.“These are delicious！” my mom exclaimed, her praise filling me with warmth.My dad nodded in agreement, asking for another.To my surprise, Caleb winked mischievously at me and said, “Really doing well, sister.” At that moment, my heart was filled with a nice sense of fulfillment.Not only had I proven myself, but I had also learned a valuable lesson: The first step to overcoming setbacks is persistence.
(主题语境类型：人与社会；话题：科技发展和科学精神；话题涉及教材其他内容：选择性必修第三册 Unit 4 A glimpse of the future；选择性必修第四册 Unit 1 Looking forwards；选择性必修第四册 Unit 5 Into the unknown；选择性必修第四册 Unit 6 Space and beyond)
根据汉语提示或所提供的单词完成语篇，核对答案并背诵，以此串联高中3000＋词！(黑体部分是本单元词汇)。
Science and technology 1. are (be) a 2. significant (影响深远的)part of our everyday life. Chemists, astronomers, biologists and other scientists in other fields use 3. scientific methods (科学方法) and accurate techniques for different purposes. They desire 4. to know (know) how science and technology work and observe numbers of stuff 5. happening (happen) around us. Scientific research might not be every one's idea of fun, but for 6. an extraordinary and brilliant woman physics professor, Zhou Shuyun is just that, 7. who enjoys to discover new things. Scientific research is not like writing a 8. fiction (虚构的事), full of imaginative 9. accounts (account). It requires dozens of hours of mental concentration; the 10. experimental (experiment) procedure may take years of preservation and finally need solid 11. proofs (证据) and 12. instances (实例) for their conclusions. Professor Zhou decided to return to Tsinghua after working in a world famous lab in 2012, and started her own physics department and 13. declared (declare) that she was 14. entirely (entire) capable of making her own contribution 15. to the country. She hopes that there will be no need to distinguish between male 16. and female scientists one day.
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——我会认
1．gunpowder n. 火药
2．compass n． 指南针，罗盘
3．virtual adj. 虚拟的，模拟的
4．battery n． 电池
5．compute v． 计算
6．stuff n． 东西，物品
7．chemist n． 化学家
8．astronomer n． 天文学家
9．biologist n． 生物学家
10．minor adj. 小的
11．origin n． 起源，起因
12．species n． 物种
13．stream n． 小河，小溪
14．radium n． 镭(一种化学元素)
15．lightning n． 闪电
16．fiction n． 虚构的事，想象的事
17．metal n． 金属
18．flash n． 闪光
19．conduct v． 传导(热、电)
20．gravity n． 重力，引力
21．procedure n． 程序，步骤，手续
Ⅱ.重点单词——我会写
1. shoot v．射出(光、亮等)，放射
2. desire n．渴望，欲望
3. passive adj.被动的
4. beyond prep.无法……
5. instance n．例子，实例
6. extraordinary adj.非凡的，出色的
7. brilliant adj.聪颖的，才华横溢的
8. cure n．药物；疗法
9. draft v．起草，草拟
10. experiment n．(科学)实验
11. account n．记述，描述
单词拼写
1．(2024·全国甲卷) For instance (例子), almost all animals have distinct vocals that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter.
2．(2024·新课标全国Ⅰ卷) The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters (实验者) move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text.
3．(2023·全国甲卷)The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire (欲望), loneliness, and aging.
4．(2023·浙江卷) Brilliant (精彩的) though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses.
5．(2022·新课标全国Ⅱ卷) In the beginning, it is flexible (易弯曲的), but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken.
6．If situations are beyond (无法) repair, it's time to let it go.
7．Researchers often find cures (疗法) for certain diseases by using the forests' plants and animals.
Ⅲ.拓展单词——我会变
1. press v．按；压；逼迫 n．按；压；印刷；新闻→ pressure n．压力；挤压；压迫(感)
2. flexible adj.易弯曲的，柔韧的→ flexibility n．灵活性；弹性；适应性
3. capable adj.有能力的→ capability n．才能，能力；性能，容量
4. significant adj.重要的，影响深远的→ significance n．意义；意思；重要性；重要意义
5. injure vt.损害；伤害→ injury n．伤害；损害→ injured adj.受伤的
6. accurate adj.准确的；精确的→ accuracy n．精确；准确 → accurately adv.准确地；精确地
7. minor adj.小的→ minority n．少数；少数民族
8. origin n．起源；由来；起因→ original adj.原来的
9. theory n．学说，理论→ theoretical adj.理论的，理论上的 → theoretically adv.理论地；理论上
10. mental adj.精神的；精神健康的→ mentally adv.精神上，心理上
11. declaration n．声明，宣告→ declare vt.宣布；声明；表明；宣称
12. attach v．系，绑；贴→ attached adj.依恋的，附属于
13. scientific adj.科学(上)的→ scientifically adv.合乎科学地 → science n．科学→ scientist n．科学家
14. proof n．证明，证据→ prove v．证明是；被发现是
[语境活用]——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．An injured man was taken to the hospital, where the doctors found he suffered severe injuries to the head and arms and they wondered who had injured him.(injure)
2．Don't forget to check that your attachment is actually attached to the email.(attach)
3．The organiser declared the opening of the competition, but the opening speeches sounded more like declarations of war.(declare)
4．The worker's idea is not a scientific way to test their products. Efforts are being made to research it scientifically by the scientists ．(science)
5．The flexibility of distance learning would be particularly suited to busy managers, because they want to have more flexible working hours.(flexible)
6．There are 55 minorities in our country and there are some minor differences between them.(minor)
7．Don't press me any longer. These days, I can't fall asleep because the coming final exam is putting great pressure on me.(press)
8．Therefore, I believe that this research has the significant theory value and the practice significance ．(significant)
9．When making the plan, you should pay more attention to the accuracy . You must measure the length accurately in order to get the accurate number.(accurate)
10. At first, I was not familiar with the origin of the custom in this village. However, later on, I learned that the original character of the custom was a snake. (origin)
Ⅳ.重点短语——我牢记
1. in addition 除此之外；另外
2. make an advance/advances 取得进步
3. thanks to 多亏，由于
4. in terms of 根据……来说；依照……；就……而言
5. no doubt 无疑地；必定
6. beyond recognition 面目全非；无法辨认
7. for instance 例如
8. name...after... 以……命名……
9. apart from 除……之外
10. along with 与……一起；连同……一起
[语境活用]——选用上述短语填空
1．Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu.
2. By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.
3．With a large brain, human beings beat other beings in terms of intelligence.
4. Our team, apart from regular training, will join in a variety of activities, such as participating in some national competitions on behalf of our school.
5．Staying up to study does harm to your health. In addition ， it will affect your study the following day for lack of energy.
6．As a reward for his contribution to Botany, Joseph Banks had a flower named after him.
1.“能力”总结
①capable adj.有能力的
②capability n．能力；才能
③capacity n．能力；资格
④competence n．能力；权限
⑤ability n．能力；能耐
⑥able adj.有才能的；有能力的
2．后缀 ist名词荟萃
①scientist 科学家
②biologist 生物学家
③psychologist 心理学家
④physicist 物理学家
⑤chemist 化学家
⑥tourist 游客
3．“重要的”几个词
①significant adj. 重要的
②important adj. 重要的
③vital adj. 至关重要的
④essential adj. 极其重要的
1.And now, we find ourselves in the great new age of technology.
而现在，我们发现自己正处于伟大的科技新时代。
【考点凝练】find＋宾语＋宾语补足语
2．More than one generation of school children has been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth.
数代学生都叹服于他的勇气与追求真理时采用的科学手段。
【考点凝练】“more than one＋单数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数
3．In fact, more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof that it hit him on the head.
事实上，不止一种说法表明，虽然牛顿的灵感来自一个掉落的苹果，但没有证据表明苹果击中了他的头部。
【考点凝练】that引导同位语从句
[语境活用] ——经典句式仿写
1．当我挣扎着站起来时，我发现自己在一个山洞里。(find＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
When I struggled to get to my feet, I found myself in a cave ．
2．鲁迅影响了不止一代的中国人。(more than one)
More than one generation of the Chinese people was influenced by Lu Xun.
3．尽管他身体不好，但他总是努力工作。(that引导同位语从句)
He always works hard in spite of the fact that he is not in good health ．
核 心 词 汇
1．press n．压，按，挤；印刷 v．按，压；催促，敦促
基础练习·单句语法填空
(1)(2024·新课标全国Ⅱ卷)Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure (press) on the places we visit and improve our experience.
(2)With the pumpkin resting on the table, hole uppermost, I bent over and pressed my head against the opening.
(3) Pressed (press) by my friends and relations, I decided to send my invention to the patent office to get recognition for my successful idea.
(4)I know I can act under pressure in a scary situation.
(5)The police pressed her to remember (remember) all the details.
归纳拓展
·press sth. on sb.把(想法等)强加于某人；勉强某人接受
press...against...把……压/贴在……上
press sb.to do sth.极力劝说/敦促某人做某事
·pressure n. 压力
under pressure在压力下；承受压力
put pressure on...给……施加压力
能力提升·句式写作诵读
(6)(普通表达)As he was pressed by his family, he had to give up his dream of singing, and began to take over the family business.
(高级表达) Pressed by his family ， he had to give up his dream of singing, and began to take over the family business.(分词短语作状语)
2．desire n．渴望，欲望；要求vt.渴望，希望；要求
基础练习·单句语法填空
(1)(2022·浙江卷) The word “wanderlust” in Paragraph 2 means a desire to travel (travel) to different places.
(2)It is obvious that he is not ambitious and has no desire for success.
(3)The boy is working hard before examinations, for he desires to pass (pass) the exam.
归纳拓展
·have a desire to do sth.迫切想做某事
have a desire for sth.急于得到某物
·desire sth./to do sth.渴望某物/做某事
desire sb./sth.to do sth.渴望某人/某物做某事
desire that...渴望……(从句中谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。类似的词还有：insist，request，suggest，require，urge等。)
注意：desire的名词作“请求，要求”讲时，与其相关的同位语从句、表语从句、宾语从句以及主语从句也常用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语部分为“(should＋)动词原形”。
能力提升·句式写作诵读
(4)他母亲希望他成为一名建筑师。
①His mother desired him to be/become an architect.
②His mother desired that he (should) be/become an architect.
3．significant adj.重要的，影响深远的；显著的
基础练习·单句语法填空
(1)(2024·新课标全国Ⅱ卷) Because the system is automated, it significantly (significant) reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants.
(2)(2022·全国甲卷) Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant (significance) thing happened in Sydney, Australia.
(3)I do think this theory is really of great significance (significant).
归纳拓展
·significantly adv.显著地；有重大意义地
·significance n．重要性，意义；意思，含义
be of great significance＝be very significant 有重大意义的
have some significance for...对……有意义
能力提升·句式写作诵读
(4)我认为餐桌礼仪非常重要。(应用文之介绍信)
①In my opinion，table manners are very significant ．(significant)
②In my opinion, table manners are of great significance ．(significance)
基础练习·单句语法填空
(1)(2023·新课标全国Ⅰ卷) Once there, Lenoue was assessed and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries (injure) in one of her knees.
(2)She was injured (injure) so seriously and had to be kept alive on a life support machine.
(3)The injured were sent (send) to the nearest hospital right away after the accident.
归纳拓展
·injury n．伤害，损伤
do sb.an injury 伤害某人
·injured adj.受伤的
get injured 受伤
the injured 伤者
能力提升·句式写作诵读
(4)She was badly injured in the accident and was sent to the nearest hospital.
→ Badly injured in the accident ，she was sent to the nearest hospital.(用非谓语动词改写)
5．attach v．系，绑，贴；喜欢，依恋；附在……上；认为有重要性
基础练习·单句语法填空
(1)While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts，which might add to the meaning I attach to them.
(2)On her birthday she received a box of chocolates with a card attached (attach) to it, saying “Happy birthday！”
(3)A couple of years ago, film maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached (attach) to screens.
归纳拓展
·attach sth.to...把某物连接到/附在……上
attach oneself to 依附……；缠着……
attach importance/significance/value to...重视；认为……重要/有意义/有价值
·attached adj.喜爱的；依恋的；附属于
be attached to被连接到……；爱慕；附属于
·attachment n．附件，附属物
能力提升·句式写作诵读
(4)说实在的，许多人把名和利看得很重。
To be honest，a lot of people attach great importance to becoming rich and famous ．
基础练习·单句语法填空
(1)(2024·新课标全国Ⅱ卷) Additionally (addition), it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school.
(2)(2022·全国乙卷) The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional (addition) time demands placed on the friend who has moved.
(3)In addition to reading (read) for knowledge, we read for fun and inspiration.
归纳拓展
·in addition to除……之外，还……(＝as well as＝besides)
except(＝but)除……外(其余都)
apart from(＝except/besides)除……之外
·additional adj.额外的，附加的
·additionally adv.另外，此外
【点津】in addition相当于一个副词，表示递进关系，后面跟逗号。in addition to是一个介词短语，后面接名词或动词 ing形式。
能力提升·句式写作诵读
(4)你需要钱和时间，此外还需要努力。
You need money and time; in addition ， you need hard work.
重 点 句 型
find＋宾语＋宾补
And now，we find ourselves in the great new age of technology.
现在，我们发现自己处于伟大的新技术时代。
基础练习·单句语法填空
(1)(2023·浙江卷) As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting (want) to speak up for yourself if others comment on what you're doing.
(2)After wandering around，we found ourselves lost (lose) in a strange road.
(3)We find it passive for some students to memorize English words.
归纳拓展
·“find oneself＋宾语补足语”通常表示“在事先毫无知觉的情况下突然发现自己处于某种状态”。宾语补足语常由介词短语、现在分词、过去分词、形容词或副词充当，一般不用不定式，但可用to be。
·find＋sb./sth.＋宾语补足语，表示“发现某人/某物……”。
·find＋it＋ adj./n.＋(for sb.)＋to do sth.表示“发现/认为做某事……”。
能力提升·句式写作诵读
(4)我惊讶地发现自己对这个活动很感兴趣。
I was surprised to find myself interested in the activity ．
(5)听说你认为学习汉语诗歌很难。(应用文之建议信)
I hear that you find it hard to learn Chinese poems ．
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Jack shot (shoot) an anxious look at his mother when she bent down in pain.
2．The salesgirl attached a label to each product and placed them in order.
3．I suddenly felt a strong desire to laugh (laugh).
4．Many types of cancer can now be cured (cure).
5．He is capable of conducting a conversation for a long time.
6．We require grammar and spelling to be accurate (accuracy).
7．The injured (injure) man was rushed to the hospital. After being examined, he was thought to be physically and mentally (mental) well.
8．Only a minority (minor) of young people think they will become chemists (chemistry) and do scientific (science) research.
9．The declaration (declare) was not entirely (entire) unexpected. There had been signs in the minister's speech.
10．As a biologist (biology), he attaches significance (significant)to protecting the species.
Ⅱ.语境辨义练
一词多义练/熟词生义练
1．press
A．v.按；压 B．v.逼迫 C．v.挤，推 D．n.新闻界
(1)I don't want the public，especially the press to know about this matter at this stage. D
(2)They are pressing us to make a quick decision. B
(3)In case of emergency，break the glass and press the button. A
(4)He pressed through the crowd towards the superstar. C
2．conduct
(1)He was discharged from the police force because of his improper conduct． B
(2)To get solid proof，he conducted the investigation. C
(3)He was invited to conduct a concert in America. A
3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思
(1)A one minute scene in a movie takes days to shoot． 拍摄
(2)He sat at the table stuffing himself. 吃得过饱
(3)(2024· 新课标全国Ⅱ卷)... but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. (使)转变
(4)(2023·全国甲卷)The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. 读书；读物
Ⅰ.话题微写作(运用单元知识，在真实任务情境中提高语言综合运用能力)
请根据以下提示内容，写一篇关于金属镁(题中的镁条已打磨除去氧化膜)在空气中燃烧所产生的现象的实验报告。
参考词汇： magnesium 镁； Bunsen burner本生灯； crucible tongs 坩埚钳； magnesium oxide 氧化镁
1．我们的实验目的是弄清如果镁在空气中燃烧会发生什么。(experiment)
The purpose of our experiment is to find out what will happen if magnesium burns in air.
2．为了进行这个实验，我们需要如下物品：一块镁条，一个本生灯，一把坩埚钳。(stuff)
To carry out the experiment, we need the following stuff: a piece of magnesium，a Bunsen burner，a pair of crucible tongs.
3．当所有这些物品都准备就绪后，我们就可以开始做实验了。(entirely)
When all these things are entirely ready, we can begin the experiment.
4．首先，点燃本生灯，然后用坩埚钳夹住镁条。(light)
First, light the Bunsen burner and then use the crucible tongs to hold the piece of magnesium.
5．当镁条被放在本生灯的火焰上时，镁条开始燃烧，发出耀眼的白光，并产生一种白色物质。(when引导的时间状语从句)
When the piece of magnesium has been put on the flame of the Bunsen burner, it begins to burn, gives off dazzling white light and produces a kind of white substance.
6．根据实验，我们可以得出结论——当镁在空气中燃烧时，它与氧气反应生成一种叫作氧化镁的白色物质。(draw a conclusion)
According to the experiment, we can draw a conclusion— when magnesium burns in air, it reacts with oxygen to produce a kind of white substance called magnesium oxide.
[句式升级]
1．将第3句用“ with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构进行改写升级。
With all these things entirely ready, we can begin the experiment.
2．将第6句用同位语从句进行改写升级。
According to the experiment, we can draw a conclusion that when magnesium burns in air, it reacts with oxygen to produce a kind of white substance called magnesium oxide.
[连句成篇]
参考范文：
The purpose of our experiment is to find out what will happen if magnesium burns in air. To carry out the experiment, we need the following stuff: a piece of magnesium，a Bunsen burner, a pair of crucible tongs. With all these things entirely ready, we can begin the experiment. First, light the Bunsen burner and then use the crucible tongs to hold the piece of magnesium. When the piece of magnesium has been put on the flame of the Bunsen burner, it begins to burn, gives off dazzling white light and produces a kind of white substance. According to the experiment, we can draw a conclusion that when magnesium burns in air, it reacts with oxygen to produce a kind of white substance called magnesium oxide.
Ⅱ.读后续写微写作
(一)积累常诵
动作描写之动“眼”(二)
动词 keep, narrow, turn, shut, squeeze
短语 keep an eye on, narrow one's eyes, turn one's eyes to, shut one's eyes, squeeze one's eyes shut
句子 ①Tina squeezed her eyes shut and bit her lip. ②Her eyes brimmed with/filled with tears. ③She tried to sit up, her eyes fixed on Jean's face.
(二)语段写作
第一步：按要求用与“eye”相关的表达完成句子
1．安妮的父亲眯起眼睛，思忖着发生了什么事。
Anne's father narrowed his eyes ， wondering what had happened.
2．听到把手转动的声音，他向门那边看去。
He turned his eyes to the door when he heard the handle turning.
3．看到安妮进来，他困惑地上下打量着她。
Eyeing Anne come in ， he eyed her up and down ， confused.(eye用作动词，分词作状语)
4．尽管安妮蓝色的眼睛里噙满泪水，她却留意着她父亲的神情。
Though Anne's blue eyes were full of tears ， she kept an eye on her father's expression.(状语从句)
5．安妮直视父亲的眼睛，告诉了他真相。
Anne looked at her father straight in the eye and told him the truth.
6．他得知真相后紧紧闭上双眼，咬了咬嘴唇，泪水滑下脸颊。
When he learned the truth, he sgueezed his eyes shut and bit his lip，with tears running down his cheeks ．(with复合结构)
第二步：将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵，注意使用合适的过渡衔接词汇
Anne's father narrowed his eyes, wondering what had happened. Then, he turned his eyes to the door when he heard the handle turning. Eyeing Anne come in, he eyed her up and down, confused. Though Anne's blue eyes were full of tears, she kept an eye on her father's expression. Anne looked at her father straight in the eye and told him the truth. When he learned the truth, he squeezed his eyes shut and bit his lip，with tears running down his cheeks.
强化训练[15]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2025·江西多校联考)
The “passenger carrying pilotless” electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) vehicle, autonomous flying taxis, could soon be a reality after a vehicle manufacturer (生产商) obtained the world's first production certificate to manufacture them in China.
First announced in 2018, this eVTOL is a small, fully electric VTOL craft built with carbon fiber and 16 propellers (螺旋桨) powered by 16 motors. It can reach speeds of up to 62 mph and has a maximum altitude of around 10，000 feet. Designed for passenger transport, it can hold two passengers and has an autonomic driving system.
Many companies manufacture eVTOLs, but they have so far only been developed as prototypes (样机) for test flights. This eVTOL has been tested numerous times with both crewed and uncrewed flights. It isn't the company's first model. It follows a “passenger drone” that first appeared in 2016. The vehicle is expected to function in areas such as air taxi service, aerial tourism, airport shuttles, and cross island transportation.
Large scale production of this eVTOL represents an important milestone in making unmanned eVTOLs and similar aircraft a reality. It's the first eVTOL to have been granted such certification, which in turn could make China the first nation to make flying taxis a service that people can use.
While this eVTOL now has approval for mass production, the authority issued the Green Aviation Manufacturing Industry Development Program (2023 2035) in October 2023, which offers guidance on putting a pilot operated eVTOL in the skies by 2025 and fully autonomous services on a large scale by 2035, including the need to establish practical regulations and insurance plans for flying cars.
In contrast, a US implementation plan has targeted 2028 as the year that eVTOLs will fly commercially for the first time, with appropriate regulation and certification governing their safe manufacturing and use. With this in mind, China could steal a march on the US in terms of making—or at least testing—eVTOLs at a commercial level.
语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新型电动垂直起降(eVTOL)飞行器的相关信息，包括其设计特点、功能用途、生产认证情况以及未来的发展前景等。
1．What is the author's purpose of writing Paragraph 2
A．To explain the potential uses of the eVTOL.
B．To describe the productive process for the eVTOL.
C．To show the technical specifications of the eVTOL.
D．To state the history of the eVTOL's development.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据第二段“First announced in 2018, this eVTOL is a small, fully electric VTOL craft built with carbon fiber and 16 propellers (螺旋桨) powered by 16 motors. It can reach speeds of up to 62 mph and has a maximum altitude of around 10，000 feet. Designed for passenger transport, it can hold two passengers and has an autonomic driving system.(该eVTOL于2018年首次公布，是一种小型全电动垂直起降飞行器，由碳纤维和16个螺旋桨组成，由16个电机提供动力。它的速度最高可达62英里/小时，最大高度约为10，000英尺。专为客运设计，可容纳两名乘客，并配有自动驾驶系统。)”可知，本段的目的是展示eVTOL的技术参数。故选C项。
2．What do we know about the eVTOL from Paragraph 3
A．It was first developed in 2016.
B．It is the company's first model.
C．It has only been tested with crewed flights.
D．It is expected to be used in air taxi service.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第三段“This eVTOL has been tested numerous times with both crewed and uncrewed flights. It isn't the company's first model. It follows a ‘passenger drone’ that first appeared in 2016. The vehicle is expected to function in areas such as air taxi service, aerial tourism, airport shuttles, and cross island transportation.(这种eVTOL已经在载人和无人飞行中进行了多次测试。这并不是该公司的第一款机型。在此之前，2016年首次出现了一款‘客运无人机’。该飞行器预计将在空中出租车服务、空中旅游、机场穿梭和跨岛运输等领域发挥作用。)”可知，eVTOL预计将用于空中出租车服务。故选D项。
3．What does the underlined word “granted” in Paragraph 4 mean
A．Confirmed. B．Digested.
C．Denied. D．Implied.
解析：A 词句猜测题。根据第一段“The ‘passenger carrying pilotless’ electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) vehicle, autonomous flying taxis, could soon be a reality after a vehicle manufacturer (生产商) obtained the world's first production certificate to manufacture them in China.(‘载客无人驾驶’电动垂直起降(eVTOL)车辆，即自动飞行出租车，可能很快就会成为现实，因为一家汽车制造商获得了世界上第一个在中国制造的生产证书。)”以及第四段“which in turn could make China the first nation to make flying taxis a service that people can use(这反过来又可能使中国成为第一个让飞行出租车成为人们可以使用的服务的国家)”可知，这可能使中国成为第一个让飞行出租车成为人们可以使用的服务的国家，所以应是首架获得认证的eVTOL飞机，推知granted应是“承认”之意，和A项意思相近。故选A项。
4．Which can be the best title for the text
A．The Future Of Air Taxi Service In The US
B．Flying Taxis Are About To Become A Reality
C．The Rapid Development Of eVTOL Vehicles
D．A Vehicle Manufacturer Will Launch Air Taxi Service
解析：B 主旨大意题。根据第一段“The ‘passenger carrying pilotless’ electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) vehicle, autonomous flying taxis, could soon be a reality after a vehicle manufacturer (生产商) obtained the world's first production certificate to manufacture them in China.(‘载客无人驾驶’电动垂直起降(eVTOL)车辆，即自动飞行出租车，可能很快就会成为现实，因为一家汽车制造商获得了世界上第一个在中国制造的生产证书。)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一种新型电动垂直起降(eVTOL)飞行器的相关信息，所以B项“Flying Taxis Are About To Become A Reality(飞行出租车即将成为现实)”是本文最好的标题。故选B项。
B
(2025·江门市调研)
Scientific discovery is one of the most complicated human activities, for scientists must understand the existing knowledge, raise a research question and design and conduct an experiment in pursuit of an answer. Can this complex process be automated
Last week, Sakana AI Labs announced the creation of an “AI scientist”—an artificial intelligence system they claim can make scientific discoveries in a fully automated way. Using generative large language models(LLMs)like those behind ChatGPT and other AI chatbots, the system can brainstorm, select a promising idea, code new algorithms(算法), plot results, and write a paper summarizing the experiment and its findings.
Nowadays, a lot of science is done in the open, and almost all scientific knowledge has been written down somewhere. Millions of scientific papers are freely available online. LLMs trained with this data can easily capture the language of science and its patterns. It is therefore perhaps not at all surprising that a generative LLM can produce something that looks like a good scientific paper—it has absorbed many examples that it can copy.
What is less clear is whether an AI system can produce an interesting scientific paper. Crucially, good science requires novelty. Scientists don't want to be told about things that are already known. Rather, they want to learn new things, especially new things that are significantly different from what is already known.
The Sakana system tries to address novelty in two ways. First，it “scores” new paper ideas for similarity to existing research. Anything too similar is cast away. Second, Sakana's system introduces a “peer review” step—using another LLM to judge the quality and novelty of the generated paper.
Feedback is mixed on Sakana AI's output. Some have described it as producing “endless scientific slop”. Even the system's own review of its outputs judges the papers weak at best. This is likely to improve as the technology evolves, but the question of whether automated scientific papers are valuable remains. Is this the kind of scientific ecosystem we want
语篇导读：本文为一篇说明文，Sakana人工智能实验室宣布了一名“人工智能科学家”的诞生，该人工智能系统声称可以完全自动化地进行科学发现，文章介绍了其语言模型的工作形式，并对于其科学生态系统提出疑问。
5．What is the primary function of AI scientist in scientific researches
A．To help analyze scientific data.
B．To assist scientists in researches.
C．To automate the entire discovery.
D．To review human authored papers.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Last week, Sakana AI Labs announced the creation of an ‘AI scientist’—an artificial intelligence system they claim can make scientific discoveries in a fully automated way.(上周，Sakana人工智能实验室宣布了一名‘人工智能科学家’的诞生，该人工智能系统声称可以完全自动化地进行科学发现。)”可知，人工智能科学家在科学研究中的主要功能是完全自动化地进行科学发现。故选C。
6．How do LLMs work
A．They grasp the scientific terms and frameworks.
B．They conduct scientific researches independently.
C．They include most advanced scientific knowledge.
D．They create papers through direct input from experts.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“LLMs trained with this data can easily capture the language of science and its patterns. It is therefore perhaps not at all surprising that a generative LLM can produce something that looks like a good scientific paper—it has absorbed many examples that it can copy.(使用这些数据训练的LLMs可以很容易地捕捉科学的语言及其模式。因此，生成型LLM能够写出看起来像一篇优秀科学论文的东西，这一点也不奇怪——它已经吸收了许多可以复制的例子。)”可知，LLMs能通过掌握科学术语和框架模式来工作。故选A。
7．How does the Sakana system attempt to ensure novelty
A．By adding human experts' review.
B．By ruling out similar paper ideas.
C．By using unpublished research data.
D．By borrowing ideas from new papers.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“The Sakana system tries to address novelty in two ways. First, it ‘scores’ new paper ideas for similarity to existing research. Anything too similar is cast away. Second, Sakana's system introduces a ‘peer review’ step—using another LLM to judge the quality and novelty of the generated paper.(Sakana系统试图通过两种方式解决创新问题。首先，它对新论文的想法与现有研究的相似性进行‘评分’。太相似的东西都被抛弃了。其次，Sakana的系统引入了一个‘同行评议’步骤——使用另一个LLM来判断生成论文的质量和新异)”可知，Sakana系统试图通过排除类似的论文观点确保新颖。故选B。
8．What may be the author's attitude towards AI scientific ecosystem
A．Unclear. B．Supportive.
C．Skeptical. D．Indifferent.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Feedback is mixed on Sakana AI's output. Some have described it as producing ‘endless scientific slop’. Even the system's own review of its outputs judges the papers weak at best. This is likely to improve as the technology evolves, but the question of whether automated scientific papers are valuable remains. Is this the kind of scientific ecosystem we want？(Sakana AI的输出反馈是混合的。一些人将其描述为产生‘无尽的科学垃圾’。即使是系统自己对其产出的审查，也会判断这些论文充其量是薄弱的。随着技术的发展，这种情况可能会有所改善，但自动化的科学论文是否有价值的问题仍然存在。这就是我们想要的科学生态系统吗)”可知，作者认为自动化的科学论文价值问题有待判断，因此，对于人工智能科学生态系统持有怀疑态度。故选C。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·云南名校高三监测)
When Rob Burrow was diagnosed(诊断) with motor neurone disease (MND) in December 2019, it put an end to his 16 year career as a rugby player for Leeds Rhinos. As the disease 1. , it causes muscle weakness, 2. visible wasting of the affected muscles.
What didn't waste away, however, was a lasting 3. with legendary sportsman and Leeds Rhinos teammate Kevin Sinfield. Pumped into action by his friend's 4. ， Sinfield recently 5. the sports world when he carried Burrow over the 6. line of the Rob Burrow Leeds Marathon this past May.
Sinfield, current defense coach of the England rugby union team, has taken on a remarkable series of 7. to generate funds, 8. awareness and support the fight against MND following Burrow's diagnosis, reports CNN.
“To have 12，500 people run alongside us and for Burrow to be able to 9. take part, was incredible，” Sinfield recalled. “The event was 10. for all of us. To get that moment at the end which symbolized 11. ， friendship, and caring for your mate was 12. ．” Sinfield told CNN.
“Today is an amazing day for the whole community and will 13. every sufferer，” Burrow texted in 2020, when Sinfield raised over $3 million for MND.This year, Burrow wrote, “My 14. friend Kevin, you don't realize the 15. you have had on me and the whole MND community.”
语篇导读：本文是一篇记叙文。当Rob Burrow被诊断患有运动神经元病后，他的队友Kevin Sinfield参加了Rob Burrow Leeds马拉松，以便筹钱支持运动神经元病的研究、提高人们对这个疾病的意识、支持与这个疾病抗争。
1．A.passes B．progresses
C．grows D．moves
解析：B 句意：随着疾病的发展，它会导致肌肉无力，导致受影响的肌肉明显萎缩。A.passes通过，走过；B.progresses进步，进展；C.grows成长；D.moves移动。根据前文中的“When Rob Burrow was diagnosed(诊断) with motor neurone disease (MND)”和本句中的“it causes muscle weakness”可知，一开始Rob Burrow被诊断患有运动神经元病，这个时候病情应该比较轻，而随着这种疾病的发展，它会导致肌肉无力。故选B。
2．A.making up B．bringing out
C．resulting in D．putting away
解析：C 句意：同上。A.making up编造；B.bringing out使显现；C.resulting in导致；D.putting away把……收起。根据空后的“visible wasting of the affected muscles”可知，肌肉无力会最终导致肌肉萎缩。故选C。
3．A.friendship B．agreement
C．peace D．satisfaction
解析：A 句意：然而，没有衰弱的是与传奇运动员、利兹犀牛队队友Kevin Sinfield的持久友谊。A.friendship友谊；B.agreement协定，协议；C.peace和平；D.satisfaction满足，满意。根据下文中的“his friend's”和空前的“lasting”可知，这里说的是Rob Burrow和Kevin Sinfield的友谊。故选A。
4．A.experience B．wisdom
C．observation D．illness
解析：D 句意：因为他朋友的疾病而采取行动，他最近赢得了体育界的称赞，今年5月Sinfield在 Rob Burrow Leeds马拉松比赛中带着Burrow越过了终点线。A.experience经历；B.wisdom智慧；C.observation观察；D.illness疾病。空前的“his friend's”指的是Rob Burrow，结合上文可知，他患有运动神经元病。故选D。
5．A.wowed B．greeted
C．reminded D．attracted
解析：A 句意：同上。A.wowed使喝彩，博得……的称赞；B.greeted欢迎；C.reminded提醒；D.attracted吸引。根据句中的“he carried Burrow over the 6 line of the Rob Burrow Leeds Marathon this past May”可知，他的这种行为获得了体育界的赞赏。故选A。
6．A.starting B．crossing
C．finishing D．dividing
解析：C 句意：同上。A.starting (line)起跑线；B.crossing十字路口；C.finishing (line)终点线；D.dividing (line)分界线。根据空前的“he carried Burrow over”可知，他带着Rob Burrow越过了终点线。故选C。
7．A.performances B．challenges
C．discussions D．events
解析：B 句意：据美国有线电视新闻网报道，英格兰橄榄球联盟队现任防守教练Sinfield在Burrow确诊后，承担了一系列引人注目的挑战，以筹集资金、提高人们的认识并支持对抗MND。A.performances表演；B.challenges挑战；C.discussions讨论；D.events大事，比赛项目。根据空前的“taken on”和上文中的“the Rob Burrow Leeds Marathon”可知，Sinfield承担了一系列挑战。故选B。
8．A.raise B.simplify
C．push D．protect
解析：A 句意：同上。A.raise提高；B.simplify使简化；C.push推动；D.protect保护。根据空后的“awareness”可知，这里表示提高人们对MND这个疾病的认识。故选A。
9．A.generally B．fully
C．temporarily D．occasionally
解析：B 句意：Sinfield回忆道：“有12，500人与我们并肩跑，Burrow能够完全参与其中，真是太不可思议了。”A.generally一般地；B.fully完全地，充分地；C.temporarily暂时地；D.occasionally偶然，偶尔。根据上文中的“he carried Burrow over the 6 line of the Rob Burrow Leeds Marathon”可知，Sinfield带着Burrow一起跑马拉松，Burrow能够完全参与其中。故选B。
10．A.significant B．positive
C．precious D．tough
解析：D 句意：这件事对我们所有人来说都很艰难。A.significant有重大意义的；B.positive积极的；C.precious宝贵的；D.tough艰难的。根据上文中的“To have 12，500 people run alongside us and for Burrow to be able to 9 take part, was incredible”可知，做成这件事令人觉得不可思议，由此可知，这件事做起来并不容易。故选D。
11．A.love B．cheer
C．interest D．choice
解析：A 句意：能在比赛结束时获得象征着爱、友谊和对朋友的关心的时刻，真是难以置信。A.love爱；B.cheer欢呼声；C.interest兴趣；D.choice选择。根据空后的“friendship, and caring”可知，这里应用和friendship、caring表达感情一致的抽象名词，结合选项，这里应用love。故选A。
12．A.independent B．unbelievable
C．popular D．particular
解析：B 句意： 同上。A.independent独立的；B.unbelievable难以置信的；C.popular流行的；D.particular特别的。根据上文中的“To have 12，500 people run alongside us and for Burrow to be able to 9 take part, was incredible”可知，Sinfield认为让大家一起为Burrow跑并且让Burrow参与其中，这是不可思议的，而在最后获得代表爱、友谊、关心的时刻也同样是令人难以置信的。故选B。
13．A.educate B．shape
C．benefit D．judge
解析：C 句意：“今天对整个群体来说是令人惊叹的一天，将使每一位患者受益，”Burrow在2020年发短信说，当时Sinfield为MND筹集了300多万美元。A.educate教育；B.shape塑造；C.benefit使受益；D.judge判断。根据句中的“Sinfield raised over $3 million for MND”可知，这场马拉松筹集了300多万美元，所以会让患者受益。故选C。
14．A.loyal B．confident
C．smart D．amazing
解析：D 句意：我了不起的朋友Kevin，你没有意识到你对我和整个MND群体的影响。A.loyal忠诚的；B.confident自信的；C.smart聪明的；D.amazing令人惊奇的，惊人的。根据空后的“friend Kevin”并结合Kevin的所作所为可知，Kevin的举动很了不起。故选D。
15．A.pity B．comment
C．impact D．pressure
解析：C 句意： 同上。A.pity遗憾；B.comment评论；C.impact巨大影响；D.pressure压力。根据空后的“you have had on me and the whole MND community”可知，Kevin的行为产生了巨大的影响。故选C。
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2025·青岛市一模)
I begged my mom to let me make cookies by myself.Even though I had never attempted baking before, I was nine years old and my friend Emmie had been baking cupcakes by herself for a year.I was determined to prove that I could make it.
My brother, Caleb, laughed at the idea of me cooking alone, calling it a disaster.Having a big brother can be annoying.Despite his laughing, my mom agreed to let me try.She reminded me to take my time and be careful because I'd had some messy spills before I was nine.
I raced to the kitchen and went to work.I cracked eggs and put a cold stick of butter into the bowl.I turned on the mixer at medium speed—and whoa.Whoa.Whoa! What a disaster! I had to wipe butter off my face, then off the table and floor.
Caleb made fun of me again, calling me a mess.I chased him away with a spoon and turned back to the mixing bowl.I started again with softer butter.Referring to the recipe, I poured everything needed into the bowl and mixed it.After that, I put the round batter (面糊) onto the cookie sheet and put it into the oven (烤箱).Within a minute, a fantastic smell filled the kitchen—the smell of cookie success!
I was going to prove that I was responsible.No more eye rolling from my brother.No more “You're too young” from my parents.I had grown up and was in control.
I stared into the oven, and my heart sank.The neat, little balls had melted (融化) and overflowed to the edges of the cookie sheet.I pulled the pan out just as Caleb wandered back into the kitchen.
“What in the world？” He started to laugh.“Cookie soup？”
“You just be quiet，” I whispered, trying not to cry.“Just leave me alone.”
“How's it going in there？” Dad called from the living room.
Caleb raised his eyebrows and bit his lip.I responded that everything was fine, pouring the melted batter into the bowl quickly.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应的位置作答。
I picked up the directions, wondering what had gone wrong.
I brought a plate of cookies into the living room for my family.
【写作提示】
故事人物 作者、哥哥、父母
故事梗概 作者想尝试做饼干，妈妈同意了。没有经验的作者第一次烘焙以失败告终，并遭到了哥哥的嘲笑。
续写要点 第一段：1.描写作者看制作饼干的指南；2.描写作者反思自己的错误，继续尝试。
第二段：描写作者的父母和哥哥试吃后的反应以及作者的感悟。
参考范文：
I picked up the directions, wondering what had gone wrong.Taking a deep breath, I reread the recipe word by word.Suddenly, I realized my mistake—the temperature of the oven was set too high, and I hadn't chilled the dough as the recipe suggested.With new found confidence, I grabbed a new bowl and started over.This time, I followed the instructions precisely, adjusting the oven's temperature and letting the dough chill in the refrigerator.Finally came the last step: I carefully placed the cookies back into the oven.
I brought a plate of cookies into the living room for my family.The cookies looked not perfectly golden, but smelt good.I stared at them nervously when they were tasting the cookies.“These are delicious！” my mom exclaimed, her praise filling me with warmth.My dad nodded in agreement, asking for another.To my surprise, Caleb winked mischievously at me and said, “Really doing well, sister.” At that moment, my heart was filled with a nice sense of fulfillment.Not only had I proven myself, but I had also learned a valuable lesson: The first step to overcoming setbacks is persistence.
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