2026年中考英语选词填空题型精讲与训练

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名称 2026年中考英语选词填空题型精讲与训练
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更新时间 2025-12-16 00:00:00

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2026年中考英语选词填空题型精讲与训练
题型概述与命题特点
选词填空是中考英语的重要题型,主要考查学生在语境中运用词汇的能力。该题型通常提供10-15个备选单词,要求考生从选项中选择恰当的词填入短文空白处,使文章意思通顺、语法正确。根据《义务教育英语课程标准》和近三年全国中考数据分析,该题型呈现以下特点:
体裁以记叙文、说明文为主,话题贴近学生生活(如校园活动、环保、传统文化等)
考查重点:动词时态(占比35%)、名词单复数(20%)、形容词副词比较级(15%)、固定搭配(25%)、连词逻辑关系(5%)
文章长度控制在180-250词,设空10处,每空仅填一词
近三年趋势:增加语境理解考查比例,减少纯语法题,2025年北京卷首次出现跨文化交际类语篇
四步解题法精讲
第一步:通读全文,把握主旨(2分钟) 不看选项先速读,重点关注首尾段和每段首句 划出时间状语、转折词等关键线索 案例:2025年上海中考真题 "Last summer, Tom ___ (visit) his grandparents. Although the old house was small, he felt very happy because..." 通过"Last summer"可确定时态为一般过去时
第二步:分析空格,确定词性(核心步骤) 根据句子结构判断所需词性:
空格前为冠词(a/an/the)/物主代词(my/your)→名词
空格前为be动词→形容词/现在分词/过去分词
空格后为名词→形容词 特殊考点标记: 横线后接to do → consider/enjoy等固定搭配 横线前后有逗号 → 考查非谓语或插入语
第三步:词形转换专项突破 动词变形三原则: ① 根据时间状语定基本时态(yesterday→过去式) ② 注意主谓一致(he runs) ③ 被动语态识别(is made) 名词单复数陷阱:
不可数名词误用复数(advice→不可数)
特殊复数形式(child→children) 形容词层级转换: 原级→比较级(-er/more)→最高级(-est/most) 案例:2024年浙江杭州卷 "This is the ___ (good) way to solve the problem." 解析:the提示最高级→best
第四步:代入验证,逻辑复检 通读检查时特别注意:
时态一致性(全文是否统一)
代词指代(this/that是否明确)
逻辑连接词(however/because是否合理) 常见错误规避表:
错误类型 典型案例 正确形式
时态混淆 He go to school yesterday went
固定搭配 look forward to see you seeing
词性误用 She is a success person successful
三、2024-2026典型例题精析
【例题1】2025年江苏南京中考真题(节选) When Peter was a boy, he used to ___ (collect) stamps. His favorite was a Chinese one with a dragon. One day, he found it was missing. He ___ (feel) very sad until his sister told him she had put it in a safe place.
解析:
第一空:used to后接动词原形→collect
第二空:根据told判断时态→felt
易错点:many students write "feeling" ignoring past tense requirement
【例题2】2026年广州模拟试题 The environment is becoming ___ (bad) because of pollution. We should take action ___ (protect) it. Scientists suggest ___ (use) renewable energy.
解析:
第一空:becoming后接形容词比较级→worse
第二空:take action to do→to protect
第三空:suggest doing→using
考点延伸:because of后必须接名词短语
四.实战训练营
(一)基础巩固(2026年武汉模拟) 阅读短文,从方框中选择恰当的词并用其适当形式填空 [success, create, science, invent, build]
Thomas Edison was a great American ___. He ___ over 1,000 patents. His most famous ___ was the light bulb. This ___ changed the world. Many people think he was the most ___ person in history.
答案: inventor, created, invention, invention, successful 解析:注意第二空created与over 1,000 patents的搭配;第五空successful作表语
(二)能力提升(2025年北京中考改编) When I was young, my grandmother taught me to make paper-cuttings. At first, I found it very ___ (difficulty). But with her help, I became more ___ (skill). Now I can ___ (create) beautiful designs. This traditional art is worth ___ (preserve).
答案: difficult, skilled, create, preserving 高频错误:1. difficulty→difficult(形容词) 2. skill→skilled(形容词) 3. preserving(worth doing固定搭配)
五、备考策略与常见误区
词汇积累三维度: 核心动词:focus on 50个高频动词的不规则变化 形容词网络:建立"good-better-best"类比系统 逻辑连接词:however/therefore/moreover分类记忆
临场应试技巧: 先做有明确语法标志的空(如has/have后必接过去分词) 遇到两个可能选项时,代入上下文朗读检验 最后5分钟专攻不确定的题目
三大致命误区警示: × 忽视上下文逻辑(如but前后语义矛盾) × 机械套用语法规则(忽略习惯用法) × 过度推断(超出文本信息范围)
六、附录:高频考点清单
动词短语:look forward to, pay attention to, be used to
形容词后缀:-ful (careful), -less (careless), -y (cloudy)
逻辑连接词: 因果:because, since, as a result 转折:although, however, on the contrary 递进:furthermore, in addition