2026年中考英语复习二轮专项：There be句型

2026年中考英语复习二轮专项：There be句型
一、There be句型的本质与结构
定义：表示“某地/某时有某物/某人”，强调存在关系，而非“拥有”（have/has表所属）。
基本结构：
肯定句：There + be动词 + 主语 + 地点/时间状语
例：There is a new library in our school.（某地有某物）
例：There will be a football match tomorrow.（某时有某事）
否定句：在be动词后加not（is not=isn’t；are not=aren’t）
例：There isn’t any milk in the fridge.（注意：否定句中some变any）
一般疑问句：将be动词提前，句末加问号
例：Is there a post office near here — Yes, there is./No, there isn’t.
二、主谓一致三原则
就近原则（核心考点）：be动词的单复数由最近的主语决定
例：There is a pen and two books on the desk.（a pen为单数→is）
例：There are two books and a pen on the desk.（two books为复数→are）
不可数名词/抽象名词：用单数is
例：There is some water in the bottle.（water不可数）
例：There is good news for you.（news为不可数名词）
复数名词/并列主语：用复数are
例：There are three students in the classroom.
时态变化与句式转换
一、四大时态应用（中考高频）
时态 结构 例句
一般现在时 There is/are... There are 30 days in April.
一般过去时 There was/were... There was a heavy rain last night.
一般将来时 There will be.../There is/are going to be... There will be a concert next Sunday.
现在完成时 There has/have been... There have been great changes in our city since 2020.
易错点：There be句型无进行时，不可说“There is being...”
二、特殊疑问句转换（5W1H）
对数量提问：
可数名词：How many + 复数名词 + are there...
例：There are 5 apples on the plate. → How many apples are there on the plate
不可数名词：How much + 不可数名词 + is there...
例：There is some coffee in the cup. → How much coffee is there in the cup
对地点提问：Where + be + there...
例：There is a park near the river. → Where is the park
对事物提问：What + be + there...
例：There is a cat under the chair. → What is under the chair
易错点与真题解析
一、易混结构对比
There be vs. have/has
误：There has a book on the desk.（表存在不可用has）
正：There is a book on the desk.（某地有某物）
正：I have a book.（表所属关系）
There be + 动词-ing形式（表“有某人正在做某事”）
例：There are some children playing football on the playground.
二、中考真题精讲（2023-2025年典型题）
真题1（2024·安徽）：There ______ a football match on TV this evening. Let’s watch it.
A. is going to be B. was C. will have D. are
解析：this evening表将来，排除B/D；There be句型不可与have连用，选A。
真题2（2025·浙江）：— Are there ______ students in the library
— No, there aren’t ______, but there are ______ teachers.
A. any; some; any B. some; any; some C. any; any; some D. some; some; any
解析：疑问句/否定句用any，肯定句用some，选C。
第四部分 分层训练与拔高
一、基础巩固（单句填空）
There ______ (be) a map and two photos on the wall.
There ______ (be) no hospitals in this town 50 years ago.
How many books ______ (be) there on your shelf
二、能力提升（句型转换）
There was a car accident yesterday.（改为否定句）
→ There ______ ______ a car accident yesterday.
There are some children playing in the park.（对划线部分提问）
→ ______ ______ ______ in the park
三、中考模拟（短文填空）
It is Sunday morning. There__1_____(be) many people in the park. Look! There__2____(be) a girl under the tree. She__3_____(read) a storybook. Near the lake, there__4_____(be) two boys. They_______(play) basketball. There__6_____(be) also some birds singing in the trees. Everyone__7_____(have) a good time.
（答案：1. are 2. is 3. is reading 4. are 5. are playing 6. are 7. has）
答案
基础巩固：1. is（就近原则） 2. were（过去时，hospitals复数） 3. are
能力提升：1. was not/wasn’t 2. What are there