江西省上高二中2025-2026学年高二上学期第三次阶段性练习英语试卷（含答案）

上高二中2027届高二年级英语阶段性练习三
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What are the speakers talking about
A. Writing. B. Art. C. Career.
2. What happened to the woman
A. She made a mistake.
B. She forgot the number.
C. She misunderstood the man.
3.Where are the speakers
A. In a library. B. In a bank. C. In a restaurant.
4. What does the man think of some of the exam questions
A. Difficult. B. Inspiring. C. Time-consuming.
5. Why does the man fail to attend the online class
A. He can’t get on the Internet.
B. He is not good at taking notes.
C. He is busy caring for his grandparents.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
6. Why does the woman want to change her room
A. The window is broken.
B. The neighbour is too noisy.
C. She can’t have a sound sleep.
7. When will the tour company leave
A. Today. B. Tomorrow morning. C. Tomorrow evening.
8. What are the speakers probably doing
A. Watching Kung Fu. B. Doing Tai Chi. C. Walking in a park.
9. What is required about using the basketball court
A. Advance booking. B. Deep cleaning. C. Quiet playing.
10. How long does the court keep open
A. 8 hours. B. 14 hours. C. 15 hours.
11. What can be inferred from the man’s response
A. He wants to motivate the woman.
B. He has had a similar experience.
C. He understands the woman’s mom.
12. What will the woman do tonight
A. Write a letter. B. Talk to her mom. C. Do homework with the man.
13. What is the relationship between the speakers
A. Mother and son. B. Friends. C. Teacher and student.
14. Why does the woman go to the gym
A. To lose weight. B. To improve her health. C. To build up her muscle.
15. When will the woman probably go to the gym
A. On Tuesdays. B. On Wednesdays. C. On Fridays.
16. How does the woman feel after knowing the test before the first class
A. Worried. B. Confused. C. Relieved.
17. What will the woman do next
A. Start working out. B. Finish a form. C. Have a free meal.
18. What is the best way to explore the park
A. Hiking. B. Bicycling. C. Skiing.
19. What is special about wildlife in the park
A. Its number is very large.
B. It includes many rare birds.
C. Lions can be seen all year round.
20. Why does the speaker give the speech
A. To explain a concept. B. To introduce a place. C. To issue an announcement.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
NIH Summer Internship (实习生) Program in Biomedical Research (SIP)
This program is to provide a developmental training experience for promising high school students who have expressed a strong interest in or are studying disciplines related to biomedical sciences.
Applicants must be:
* 17 years of age or older
* high school seniors at the time of application
* able to pass the Federal background check
* within 40 miles of the NIH campus on which they will intern if they are 17 years of age (this requirement does not apply to applicants who are 18 and older)
* having American citizenship or permanent residency
For minors under 18 years of age, if required by state or local government law, work permits must be obtained. A written agreement of a parent or guardian is also required.
Complete your application
You must use the NIH Application Center to apply for this program:
1. After you complete the required sections of your profile, you will be asked to select a preferred program. Choose “Summer internships for high school students”.
2. You must select “Apply” next to “High School Summer Internship Program” for your application to be considered for this program.
3. To complete your application, import any relevant information from your profile.
You must also submit:
* Coursework & Exams — a list of coursework and grades
* CV/Resume (简历) — a list of your education, experience, and other relevant history
* Letter/Statement — a cover letter broadly describing your prior research experience, your current interests and career goals
* References — letters containing the names and contact information of two referees
1. What is the purpose of the program
A. To provide training chances. B. To offer teenagers job positions.
C. To inspire students’ interest in science. D. To select promising high school students.
2. What is a requirement to participates in the program
A. Having intern experience. B. Majoring in biomedical science.
C. Living on or near the NIH campus. D. Being U.S. citizens or permanent residents.
3. What must be included in the submission
A. Application fee. B. Reference books.
C. Personal photos. D. Recommendation letters.
B
Chenoa Tremblay is a radio astronomer who uses radio telescopes (望远镜) and a specific analytical technique to study molecules (分子) in the gas layers (层) around stars. By analyzing these molecules’ unique frequency signals, she identifies signs related to life — such as water— that are potential signs of life beyond Earth. Additionally, she uses computers and advanced mathematics to turn these signals into images, enabling the study of the universe in ways that human eyes can’t.
Tremblay grew up in a small town in New Hampshire. There wasn’t a lot of expectation of girls doing much outside of home. But she was a naturally very curious child. Throughout high school, learning was hard for her most of the time. But math was always fairly easy, and she enjoyed chemistry.
Tremblay decided to study business and accounting in college. It seemed logical, but she really wasn’t sure what she’d do with it. Her roommate was studying chemistry, and she found herself helping her with her homework. Her friends finally convinced her to study chemistry instead.
Tremblay started volunteering for university projects to learn from teachers. That helped her figure out how to become a radio astronomer. In 2016, she got into a doctoral program for physics and astronomy in Australia. During her program, Tremblay and her team were using a brand-new radio telescope in Western Australia. In high school and her first years in college, she really struggled with physics. So it’s really funny that she ended up with a Ph.D. in the subject. At some point in the learning process, things just started to click.
“The career you decide on now doesn’t have to be what you do later. You can change your mind and switch paths.” Tremblay said in a speech for young students. “You can explore what you find interesting about the world.”
4. What can we learn from the first paragraph
A. Tremblay is good at designing telescopes.
B. Tremblay finds it possible to live beyond earth.
C. Tremblay’s work is about the study of the universe.
D. Tremblay’s study has gained widespread recognition.
5. What directly led Tremblay to change her university major
A. The appeal of chemistry. B. The push from her friends.
C. The advice from her parents. D. The doubt about her future job.
6. What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A. A new radio telescope. B. Tremblay and her team.
C. University volunteer work. D. Tremblay’s Ph.D. journey.
7. What can we learn from Tremblay’s experience
A. Nothing is impossible. B. Creativity is important.
C. Practical experience helps. D. Career paths can be adjusted.
C
Soil as an Antidepressant: Fact or Fiction
Many gardening claims spread online, but one has become particularly popular: “Soil is an antidepressant.” According to this idea, supported through countless social media posts, Mycobacterium vaccae — a microbe (微生物) naturally found in soil — can actually boost your mood. All you apparently have to do to experience this benefit is get your hands in contact with earth. The bacteria are said to be absorbed through your skin or breathed in from the air, and they will quickly get to work transforming your brain chemistry for the better. But is all this a bit too good to be true
Although the claim may initially seem a little outlandish, there have actually been a range of studies investigating the effect of this microbe on a variety of conditions, from eczema to cancer. In fact, Mycobacterium vaccae was first extracted in soil samples from Uganda by scientists in order to find a harmless close cousin of the deadly Mycobacterium tuberculosis that could be used as a form of immunotherapy (免疫疗法). Scientists became more interested in its possible effects on depression when lung cancer patients receiving the bacteria reported feeling better overall. Several careful studies appeared to confirm these mood-improving effects, leading to widespread sharing of this information online.
However, there’s an important limitation: all the studies specifically testing the depression theory were done on mice, not humans. In these experiments, researchers either injected (注射) the bacteria into the mice’s blood or added it to their food. This matters because results from animal studies often don’t work the same way in humans. For example, one analysis of 76 animal studies found that only 37% produced similar results when tried with people. Additionally, all the mice in these studies were males of the same special breed. The bacteria weren’t breathed in or absorbed through the skin — they were given in pure form directly into the body.
As someone interested in how nature affects mental health I’m excited to see what future research reveals. However, despite the confident claims online, we can only say that “soil is an antidepressant” if you’re a specific type of male mouse that has been injected with pure bacteria from soil — and since you’re reading this, I assume you’re not.
8. What does the underlined word “outlandish” most probably mean in paragraph 2
A. Popular and widely accepted.
B. Strange and difficult to believe.
C. Scientific and well-researched.
D. Boring and complex to understand.
9. What was the original purpose of extracting Mycobacterium vaccae
A. To find a cure for depression
B. To treat lung cancer patients.
C. To develop a brand new gardening product.
D. To create immunotherapy from a harmless bacterium.
10. What is the key limitation of the studies mentioned
A. They only involved human participants.
B. They were conducted only on specific mice.
C. They didn’t use purified forms of bacteria.
D. They focused only on skin absorption.
11. What is the author’s attitude toward the “soil is an antidepressant” claim
A. Cautious. B. Disapproving. C. Supportive. D. Uninterested.
D
A doctor in Florida successfully operated on a patient 7,000 miles away in Africa, using a remote-controlled robot to perform the surgery.
Fernando Da Silva, who lives in Angola, needed surgery to treat cancer. In a robotic surgical procedure, the surgeon does not touch the patient. Instead, the doctor moves their hands to control smaller robotic hands that hold surgical instruments. When the doctor moves their hands around, the robotic hands move in the same way.
Da Silva’s procedure, called “transcontinental robotic telesurgery”, was performed by Dr. Vipul Patel from Florida. He sat at a robotic console (控制台) equipped with a 3D screen and highly responsive hand controls. His movements were transmitted through fiber-optic (光纤) cables that run under the ocean to robotic arms in the operating room in Angola.
Fiber-optic technology transmits data faster and farther than other communication methods. Patel has performed nearly 20,000 robotic surgeries. He said that despite the distance, there was no noticeable delay between his movements and the response of the robotic arms. The entire process took about one hour and 20 minutes.
Although Patel was in the US, his medical team was in the operating room in Angola with Da Silva. “I always have my team where the patient is,” Patel said. “So, in case something happened with the telecommunications, the team would just take over and finish the operation.”
The team did not need to intervene, however, as Da Silva’s surgery was a success. The procedure was part of a clinical trial approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the government agency that promotes and protects public health. Patel said he plans to perform more surgeries like this one and present the results to the FDA for review.
Patel said he believes robotic technology will allow doctors to perform surgery around the world and help people in rural or less wealthy areas, where access to medical care is limited. He hopes it can also be used to help people who are experiencing medical emergencies, like heart attacks and strokes.
12 What can be inferred about the role of fiber-optic technology in the surgery
A. It ensures real-time communication. B. It reduces the cost of the operation.
C. It replaces the need for a medical team. D. It spares the trouble of training a surgeon.
13. Why did Dr. Patel have a medical team present in the operating room in Angola
A. To assist with the robotic equipment setup.
B. To ensure the complete success of the operation.
C. To train local doctors in robotic techniques.
D. To meet the regulations of FDA for a surgery.
14. What is Dr. Patel’s attitude toward the future of robotic telesurgery
A. Doubtful about its practicality. B. Concerned about its high cost.
C. Optimistic about its potential benefits. D. Critical of its technological limitations.
15. Which of the following is the best title for the passage
A. The Challenges of Remote Surgery
B. The History of Robotic Surgical Procedures
C. How Fiber-Optic Technology Changed Medicine
D. A Breakthrough in Long-Distance Robotic Surgery
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Taking action is one of the most important factors that will determine your success. Regardless of what you want in your life, whether you want to get rich, build a multi-million dollar business, travel the world, or own a luxury house, you need to take action. Taking action is the only thing that will connect you to your results.
___16___ They dream about what they want and they talk about their goals but at the end of the day, if they do not put in the work and pour in the effort, their dreams and their goals will never come true. ___17___ It is not like money is going to fall from the sky or you wake up the next day and find that you have your dream car sitting in your garage.
At the age of 12, Mike was curious and wanted to build a frequency counter (频率计数器), but he did not have the parts. ___18___. What happened next was that Mike thought Tom, a company manager, might be able to help in getting the parts. He checked out the telephone book for Tom’s number, and then called that number. To Mike’s surprise, Tom answered the phone and then the young Mike talked to Tom and requested the parts from him. ___19___ He also offered him a summer job at his company, for assembling the frequency counters.
This is how Mike got into the company, kick-started his career, learned about computers, and the rest became history.
The 12 years old Mike might not know what was happening back then; all he knew was that he wanted the parts to build the frequency counter. ___20___
A. Nothing will come to you automatically.
B. When you take action, everything will move.
C. Unfortunately, most people do not take action.
D. After about 20 minutes of chatting, Tom agreed to give Mike the parts.
E. And like all other successful people around the world, he was fearless in taking action.
F. Some actions are huge and they may require a lot of your energy and time to complete.
G. However, he somehow got the idea that someone in the industry may have the parts that he desired.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
I have always been intrigued by archaeology since I was little. The fact that archaeologists ____21____ history with their bare hands never fails to ____22____ me. In my room, I have a large collection of fossils, ranging from dinosaur bones to ancient marine specimens (样本).
Years passed, but I still had no ____23____ experience. So, when the Center for American Archaeology offered a field summer program, I ____24____ the chance despite the fear of traveling alone.
Everything felt completely new. I took my first ____25____ and met my roommate, Asher, who ended up as my best friend. Before going into the ____26____, we attended a lecture on how to use the tools needed for our work. I was thrilled to finally get my hands ____27____.
The moment I started, however, I realized how ____28____ I had been. The unbearable ____29____ made it hard to breathe as the sun beat down fiercely. Soon, my body became ____30____ and soaked in sweat, yet I knew I had to push through.
On day six, I was shoveling in my square and scraping (刮掘) my way to the next level, when I heard a loud “CLICK.” My heart ____31____ — I had hit something important eventually.I dug around it with my small shovel carefully. ____32____ filled me as I unearthed a piece of orange ceramic (陶片), dating back to around 500-1000 CE.
By the end of the program, I understood just how much I had ____33____: riding planes on my own, socializing with like-minded peers, ____34____ extreme weather, and valuing history firsthand. None of this would have been possible if I hadn’t taken that leap of ____35____ in pursuing my passion.
21. A. simplify B. highlight C. uncover D. monitor
22. A. puzzle B. concern C. amuse D. fascinate
23. A. lab-based B. hands-on C. world-class D. problem-solving
24. A. gave away B. jumped at C. hunted for D. turned down
25. A. flight B. voyage C. shift D. break
26. A. tent B. campus C. field D. museum
27. A. green B. oily C. dirty D. wet
28. A. undecided B. inexperienced C. untalented D. irresponsible
29. A. smoke B. heat C. chill D. noise
30. A. tight B. slim C. disabled D. sticky
31. A. burned B. melted C. raced D. sank
32. A. Delight B. Regret C. Panic D. Courage
33. A. suffered B. recovered C. weakened D. grown
34 A. observing B. braving C. avoiding D. dramatizing
35. A. knowledge B. discipline C. faith D. imagination
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Air pollution is no doubt a pressing challenge ____36____ many major cities face around the world. More than 80% of people living in urban areas ____37____ (expose) to unsafe air, according to a report ____38____ (deliver) by the World Health Organization.
“Urban air pollution continues to rise at ____39____ alarming rate, doing great harm to human health,” said Dr. Maria Neira, the director of Public Health and Environmental Policy at the WHO. “At the same time, ____40____ (aware) is rising and more cities are monitoring their air quality.”
In the past two years, the number of cities monitoring air pollution ____41____ (double) — now covering about 3,000 cities in 103 countries. The WHO warned of the serious effects poor air quality could have ____42____ the health of urban residents, ____43____ (link) it to the risk of strokes, heart disease, lung cancer and many other diseases.
The report also showed that low-and-middle-income countries generally have ____44____ (poor) air quality. About 98% of cities with 100,000 or more people in low-and-middle-income countries do not meet WHO air quality guidelines, while 56% in high-income countries fail to meet the standard. The report also urged local governments to take strong and ____45____ (effect) measures to fight against air pollution.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，上周末你参加了学生会举办的一次以“AI, our friend or our enemy ”为辩题的辩论活动。请你为校英语报写一篇文章，报道这次活动。
内容包括：1. 活动的内容；2. 个人的感悟；3. 期待评论。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
AI, our friend or our enemy
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Everyone at school called her “Silent Meher”, not because she couldn’t speak, but because she chose not to. Since childhood, Meher had struggled with a serious stutter (口吃). Whenever she tried to speak in class, her words were stuck in her throat. Her classmates made fun of her stutter, “H-h-h-h! M-M-Meher!” Even one of her teachers once said, “Just write it down, Meher; it’ll be faster.”
Meher learnt quickly that silence was safer. Thus she kept to herself, sitting in the classroom corner with her pad, where her pencil became her voice. She drew worlds where she could speak freely and no one judged her. Yet, no one even saw her art — not because she didn’t want them to, but because no one ever asked.
Then came the school’s yearly talent show. Posters everywhere read: “Find Your Voice!” How funny, Meher thought. But her art teacher, Miss Sofia, noticed the quiet girl always alone, always drawing. One day, she looked over Meher’s shoulder and what she saw took her breath away. “Meher...these are beautiful. Why don’t you hand them in to the talent show ” Meher shook her head in nervousness. “G-go on st-tage ” she stuttered, her voice shaky. “In f-r-o-nt- of th-em ” But Miss Sofia smiled gently, placing a comforting hand on her shoulder. “What if you didn’t have to speak...just show your story ” For the first time, hope sprang up in Meher’s eyes.
That night, an idea popped into Meher’s mind: animation! What if she told her story through animation Over the next two weeks, she threw her heart into it. Using her pad and a borrowed screen from Miss Sofia, Meher created a short film called “The Girl Behind the Curtain”. The girl in the film stuttered, too, but every time someone made fun of her, a curtain grew taller around her. Slowly, with each kind word and moment of courage, the girl pulled holes in the curtain until sunlight shone through.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
On the night of the show, Meher stood nervously behind the stage curtain.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
After the show, classmates began approaching Meher and talking to her.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案版
上高二中2027届高二年级英语阶段性练习三
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What are the speakers talking about
A. Writing. B. Art. C. Career.
2. What happened to the woman
A. She made a mistake.
B. She forgot the number.
C. She misunderstood the man.
3.Where are the speakers
A. In a library. B. In a bank. C. In a restaurant.
4. What does the man think of some of the exam questions
A. Difficult. B. Inspiring. C. Time-consuming.
5. Why does the man fail to attend the online class
A. He can’t get on the Internet.
B. He is not good at taking notes.
C. He is busy caring for his grandparents.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
6. Why does the woman want to change her room
A. The window is broken.
B. The neighbour is too noisy.
C. She can’t have a sound sleep.
7. When will the tour company leave
A. Today. B. Tomorrow morning. C. Tomorrow evening.
8. What are the speakers probably doing
A. Watching Kung Fu. B. Doing Tai Chi. C. Walking in a park.
9. What is required about using the basketball court
A. Advance booking. B. Deep cleaning. C. Quiet playing.
10. How long does the court keep open
A. 8 hours. B. 14 hours. C. 15 hours.
11. What can be inferred from the man’s response
A. He wants to motivate the woman.
B. He has had a similar experience.
C. He understands the woman’s mom.
12. What will the woman do tonight
A. Write a letter. B. Talk to her mom. C. Do homework with the man.
13. What is the relationship between the speakers
A. Mother and son. B. Friends. C. Teacher and student.
14. Why does the woman go to the gym
A. To lose weight. B. To improve her health. C. To build up her muscle.
15. When will the woman probably go to the gym
A. On Tuesdays. B. On Wednesdays. C. On Fridays.
16. How does the woman feel after knowing the test before the first class
A. Worried. B. Confused. C. Relieved.
17. What will the woman do next
A. Start working out. B. Finish a form. C. Have a free meal.
18. What is the best way to explore the park
A. Hiking. B. Bicycling. C. Skiing.
19. What is special about wildlife in the park
A. Its number is very large.
B. It includes many rare birds.
C. Lions can be seen all year round.
20. Why does the speaker give the speech
A. To explain a concept. B. To introduce a place. C. To issue an announcement.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
NIH Summer Internship (实习生) Program in Biomedical Research (SIP)
This program is to provide a developmental training experience for promising high school students who have expressed a strong interest in or are studying disciplines related to biomedical sciences.
Applicants must be:
* 17 years of age or older
* high school seniors at the time of application
* able to pass the Federal background check
* within 40 miles of the NIH campus on which they will intern if they are 17 years of age (this requirement does not apply to applicants who are 18 and older)
* having American citizenship or permanent residency
For minors under 18 years of age, if required by state or local government law, work permits must be obtained. A written agreement of a parent or guardian is also required.
Complete your application
You must use the NIH Application Center to apply for this program:
1. After you complete the required sections of your profile, you will be asked to select a preferred program. Choose “Summer internships for high school students”.
2. You must select “Apply” next to “High School Summer Internship Program” for your application to be considered for this program.
3. To complete your application, import any relevant information from your profile.
You must also submit:
* Coursework & Exams — a list of coursework and grades
* CV/Resume (简历) — a list of your education, experience, and other relevant history
* Letter/Statement — a cover letter broadly describing your prior research experience, your current interests and career goals
* References — letters containing the names and contact information of two referees
1. What is the purpose of the program
A. To provide training chances. B. To offer teenagers job positions.
C. To inspire students’ interest in science. D. To select promising high school students.
2. What is a requirement to participates in the program
A. Having intern experience. B. Majoring in biomedical science.
C. Living on or near the NIH campus. D. Being U.S. citizens or permanent residents.
3. What must be included in the submission
A. Application fee. B. Reference books.
C. Personal photos. D. Recommendation letters.
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. D
B
Chenoa Tremblay is a radio astronomer who uses radio telescopes (望远镜) and a specific analytical technique to study molecules (分子) in the gas layers (层) around stars. By analyzing these molecules’ unique frequency signals, she identifies signs related to life — such as water— that are potential signs of life beyond Earth. Additionally, she uses computers and advanced mathematics to turn these signals into images, enabling the study of the universe in ways that human eyes can’t.
Tremblay grew up in a small town in New Hampshire. There wasn’t a lot of expectation of girls doing much outside of home. But she was a naturally very curious child. Throughout high school, learning was hard for her most of the time. But math was always fairly easy, and she enjoyed chemistry.
Tremblay decided to study business and accounting in college. It seemed logical, but she really wasn’t sure what she’d do with it. Her roommate was studying chemistry, and she found herself helping her with her homework. Her friends finally convinced her to study chemistry instead.
Tremblay started volunteering for university projects to learn from teachers. That helped her figure out how to become a radio astronomer. In 2016, she got into a doctoral program for physics and astronomy in Australia. During her program, Tremblay and her team were using a brand-new radio telescope in Western Australia. In high school and her first years in college, she really struggled with physics. So it’s really funny that she ended up with a Ph.D. in the subject. At some point in the learning process, things just started to click.
“The career you decide on now doesn’t have to be what you do later. You can change your mind and switch paths.” Tremblay said in a speech for young students. “You can explore what you find interesting about the world.”
4. What can we learn from the first paragraph
A. Tremblay is good at designing telescopes.
B. Tremblay finds it possible to live beyond earth.
C. Tremblay’s work is about the study of the universe.
D. Tremblay’s study has gained widespread recognition.
5. What directly led Tremblay to change her university major
A. The appeal of chemistry. B. The push from her friends.
C. The advice from her parents. D. The doubt about her future job.
6. What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A. A new radio telescope. B. Tremblay and her team.
C. University volunteer work. D. Tremblay’s Ph.D. journey.
7. What can we learn from Tremblay’s experience
A. Nothing is impossible. B. Creativity is important.
C. Practical experience helps. D. Career paths can be adjusted.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. D 7. D
C
Soil as an Antidepressant: Fact or Fiction
Many gardening claims spread online, but one has become particularly popular: “Soil is an antidepressant.” According to this idea, supported through countless social media posts, Mycobacterium vaccae — a microbe (微生物) naturally found in soil — can actually boost your mood. All you apparently have to do to experience this benefit is get your hands in contact with earth. The bacteria are said to be absorbed through your skin or breathed in from the air, and they will quickly get to work transforming your brain chemistry for the better. But is all this a bit too good to be true
Although the claim may initially seem a little outlandish, there have actually been a range of studies investigating the effect of this microbe on a variety of conditions, from eczema to cancer. In fact, Mycobacterium vaccae was first extracted in soil samples from Uganda by scientists in order to find a harmless close cousin of the deadly Mycobacterium tuberculosis that could be used as a form of immunotherapy (免疫疗法). Scientists became more interested in its possible effects on depression when lung cancer patients receiving the bacteria reported feeling better overall. Several careful studies appeared to confirm these mood-improving effects, leading to widespread sharing of this information online.
However, there’s an important limitation: all the studies specifically testing the depression theory were done on mice, not humans. In these experiments, researchers either injected (注射) the bacteria into the mice’s blood or added it to their food. This matters because results from animal studies often don’t work the same way in humans. For example, one analysis of 76 animal studies found that only 37% produced similar results when tried with people. Additionally, all the mice in these studies were males of the same special breed. The bacteria weren’t breathed in or absorbed through the skin — they were given in pure form directly into the body.
As someone interested in how nature affects mental health I’m excited to see what future research reveals. However, despite the confident claims online, we can only say that “soil is an antidepressant” if you’re a specific type of male mouse that has been injected with pure bacteria from soil — and since you’re reading this, I assume you’re not.
8. What does the underlined word “outlandish” most probably mean in paragraph 2
A. Popular and widely accepted.
B. Strange and difficult to believe.
C. Scientific and well-researched.
D. Boring and complex to understand.
9. What was the original purpose of extracting Mycobacterium vaccae
A. To find a cure for depression
B. To treat lung cancer patients.
C. To develop a brand new gardening product.
D. To create immunotherapy from a harmless bacterium.
10. What is the key limitation of the studies mentioned
A. They only involved human participants.
B. They were conducted only on specific mice.
C. They didn’t use purified forms of bacteria.
D. They focused only on skin absorption.
11. What is the author’s attitude toward the “soil is an antidepressant” claim
A. Cautious. B. Disapproving. C. Supportive. D. Uninterested.
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. B 11. A
D
A doctor in Florida successfully operated on a patient 7,000 miles away in Africa, using a remote-controlled robot to perform the surgery.
Fernando Da Silva, who lives in Angola, needed surgery to treat cancer. In a robotic surgical procedure, the surgeon does not touch the patient. Instead, the doctor moves their hands to control smaller robotic hands that hold surgical instruments. When the doctor moves their hands around, the robotic hands move in the same way.
Da Silva’s procedure, called “transcontinental robotic telesurgery”, was performed by Dr. Vipul Patel from Florida. He sat at a robotic console (控制台) equipped with a 3D screen and highly responsive hand controls. His movements were transmitted through fiber-optic (光纤) cables that run under the ocean to robotic arms in the operating room in Angola.
Fiber-optic technology transmits data faster and farther than other communication methods. Patel has performed nearly 20,000 robotic surgeries. He said that despite the distance, there was no noticeable delay between his movements and the response of the robotic arms. The entire process took about one hour and 20 minutes.
Although Patel was in the US, his medical team was in the operating room in Angola with Da Silva. “I always have my team where the patient is,” Patel said. “So, in case something happened with the telecommunications, the team would just take over and finish the operation.”
The team did not need to intervene, however, as Da Silva’s surgery was a success. The procedure was part of a clinical trial approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the government agency that promotes and protects public health. Patel said he plans to perform more surgeries like this one and present the results to the FDA for review.
Patel said he believes robotic technology will allow doctors to perform surgery around the world and help people in rural or less wealthy areas, where access to medical care is limited. He hopes it can also be used to help people who are experiencing medical emergencies, like heart attacks and strokes.
12 What can be inferred about the role of fiber-optic technology in the surgery
A. It ensures real-time communication. B. It reduces the cost of the operation.
C. It replaces the need for a medical team. D. It spares the trouble of training a surgeon.
13. Why did Dr. Patel have a medical team present in the operating room in Angola
A. To assist with the robotic equipment setup.
B. To ensure the complete success of the operation.
C. To train local doctors in robotic techniques.
D. To meet the regulations of FDA for a surgery.
14. What is Dr. Patel’s attitude toward the future of robotic telesurgery
A. Doubtful about its practicality. B. Concerned about its high cost.
C. Optimistic about its potential benefits. D. Critical of its technological limitations.
15. Which of the following is the best title for the passage
A. The Challenges of Remote Surgery
B. The History of Robotic Surgical Procedures
C. How Fiber-Optic Technology Changed Medicine
D. A Breakthrough in Long-Distance Robotic Surgery
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. C 15. D
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Taking action is one of the most important factors that will determine your success. Regardless of what you want in your life, whether you want to get rich, build a multi-million dollar business, travel the world, or own a luxury house, you need to take action. Taking action is the only thing that will connect you to your results.
___16___ They dream about what they want and they talk about their goals but at the end of the day, if they do not put in the work and pour in the effort, their dreams and their goals will never come true. ___17___ It is not like money is going to fall from the sky or you wake up the next day and find that you have your dream car sitting in your garage.
At the age of 12, Mike was curious and wanted to build a frequency counter (频率计数器), but he did not have the parts. ___18___. What happened next was that Mike thought Tom, a company manager, might be able to help in getting the parts. He checked out the telephone book for Tom’s number, and then called that number. To Mike’s surprise, Tom answered the phone and then the young Mike talked to Tom and requested the parts from him. ___19___ He also offered him a summer job at his company, for assembling the frequency counters.
This is how Mike got into the company, kick-started his career, learned about computers, and the rest became history.
The 12 years old Mike might not know what was happening back then; all he knew was that he wanted the parts to build the frequency counter. ___20___
A. Nothing will come to you automatically.
B. When you take action, everything will move.
C. Unfortunately, most people do not take action.
D. After about 20 minutes of chatting, Tom agreed to give Mike the parts.
E. And like all other successful people around the world, he was fearless in taking action.
F. Some actions are huge and they may require a lot of your energy and time to complete.
G. However, he somehow got the idea that someone in the industry may have the parts that he desired.
【答案】16. C 17. A 18. G 19. D 20. E
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
I have always been intrigued by archaeology since I was little. The fact that archaeologists ____21____ history with their bare hands never fails to ____22____ me. In my room, I have a large collection of fossils, ranging from dinosaur bones to ancient marine specimens (样本).
Years passed, but I still had no ____23____ experience. So, when the Center for American Archaeology offered a field summer program, I ____24____ the chance despite the fear of traveling alone.
Everything felt completely new. I took my first ____25____ and met my roommate, Asher, who ended up as my best friend. Before going into the ____26____, we attended a lecture on how to use the tools needed for our work. I was thrilled to finally get my hands ____27____.
The moment I started, however, I realized how ____28____ I had been. The unbearable ____29____ made it hard to breathe as the sun beat down fiercely. Soon, my body became ____30____ and soaked in sweat, yet I knew I had to push through.
On day six, I was shoveling in my square and scraping (刮掘) my way to the next level, when I heard a loud “CLICK.” My heart ____31____ — I had hit something important eventually.I dug around it with my small shovel carefully. ____32____ filled me as I unearthed a piece of orange ceramic (陶片), dating back to around 500-1000 CE.
By the end of the program, I understood just how much I had ____33____: riding planes on my own, socializing with like-minded peers, ____34____ extreme weather, and valuing history firsthand. None of this would have been possible if I hadn’t taken that leap of ____35____ in pursuing my passion.
21. A. simplify B. highlight C. uncover D. monitor
22. A. puzzle B. concern C. amuse D. fascinate
23. A. lab-based B. hands-on C. world-class D. problem-solving
24. A. gave away B. jumped at C. hunted for D. turned down
25. A. flight B. voyage C. shift D. break
26. A. tent B. campus C. field D. museum
27. A. green B. oily C. dirty D. wet
28. A. undecided B. inexperienced C. untalented D. irresponsible
29. A. smoke B. heat C. chill D. noise
30. A. tight B. slim C. disabled D. sticky
31. A. burned B. melted C. raced D. sank
32. A. Delight B. Regret C. Panic D. Courage
33. A. suffered B. recovered C. weakened D. grown
34 A. observing B. braving C. avoiding D. dramatizing
35. A. knowledge B. discipline C. faith D. imagination
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. B 24. B 25. A 26. C 27. C 28. B 29. B 30. D 31. C 32. A 33. D 34. B 35. C
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Air pollution is no doubt a pressing challenge ____36____ many major cities face around the world. More than 80% of people living in urban areas ____37____ (expose) to unsafe air, according to a report ____38____ (deliver) by the World Health Organization.
“Urban air pollution continues to rise at ____39____ alarming rate, doing great harm to human health,” said Dr. Maria Neira, the director of Public Health and Environmental Policy at the WHO. “At the same time, ____40____ (aware) is rising and more cities are monitoring their air quality.”
In the past two years, the number of cities monitoring air pollution ____41____ (double) — now covering about 3,000 cities in 103 countries. The WHO warned of the serious effects poor air quality could have ____42____ the health of urban residents, ____43____ (link) it to the risk of strokes, heart disease, lung cancer and many other diseases.
The report also showed that low-and-middle-income countries generally have ____44____ (poor) air quality. About 98% of cities with 100,000 or more people in low-and-middle-income countries do not meet WHO air quality guidelines, while 56% in high-income countries fail to meet the standard. The report also urged local governments to take strong and ____45____ (effect) measures to fight against air pollution.
【答案】36. which##that
37. are exposed
38. delivered
39. an 40. awareness
41. has doubled
42. on 43. linking
44. poorer 45. effective
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，上周末你参加了学生会举办的一次以“AI, our friend or our enemy ”为辩题的辩论活动。请你为校英语报写一篇文章，报道这次活动。
内容包括：1. 活动的内容；2. 个人的感悟；3. 期待评论。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
AI, our friend or our enemy
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
AI, our friend or our enemy
Last weekend, our Student Union organized a thought-provoking debate on “AI, our friend or our enemy ”, where teams presented compelling arguments while the audience engaged in lively discussions. The pros emphasized AI’s benefits in education and healthcare, whereas the cons warned about job displacement and privacy risks.
Personally, I realized that although AI brings challenges, its value depends on how we use it. The debate erased my initial fear by showing AI as a tool rather than a threat. This debate helped students develop critical thinking about technology.
What’s your view on AI I eagerly await readers’ comments on this eye-opening activity!
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Everyone at school called her “Silent Meher”, not because she couldn’t speak, but because she chose not to. Since childhood, Meher had struggled with a serious stutter (口吃). Whenever she tried to speak in class, her words were stuck in her throat. Her classmates made fun of her stutter, “H-h-h-h! M-M-Meher!” Even one of her teachers once said, “Just write it down, Meher; it’ll be faster.”
Meher learnt quickly that silence was safer. Thus she kept to herself, sitting in the classroom corner with her pad, where her pencil became her voice. She drew worlds where she could speak freely and no one judged her. Yet, no one even saw her art — not because she didn’t want them to, but because no one ever asked.
Then came the school’s yearly talent show. Posters everywhere read: “Find Your Voice!” How funny, Meher thought. But her art teacher, Miss Sofia, noticed the quiet girl always alone, always drawing. One day, she looked over Meher’s shoulder and what she saw took her breath away. “Meher...these are beautiful. Why don’t you hand them in to the talent show ” Meher shook her head in nervousness. “G-go on st-tage ” she stuttered, her voice shaky. “In f-r-o-nt- of th-em ” But Miss Sofia smiled gently, placing a comforting hand on her shoulder. “What if you didn’t have to speak...just show your story ” For the first time, hope sprang up in Meher’s eyes.
That night, an idea popped into Meher’s mind: animation! What if she told her story through animation Over the next two weeks, she threw her heart into it. Using her pad and a borrowed screen from Miss Sofia, Meher created a short film called “The Girl Behind the Curtain”. The girl in the film stuttered, too, but every time someone made fun of her, a curtain grew taller around her. Slowly, with each kind word and moment of courage, the girl pulled holes in the curtain until sunlight shone through.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
On the night of the show, Meher stood nervously behind the stage curtain.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
After the show, classmates began approaching Meher and talking to her.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】范文一
On the night of the show, Meher stood nervously behind the stage curtain. Her heart was pounding like a drum and her palms were sweaty. When her name was called, she took a deep breath and walked onto the dark stage. With her animation appearing on the screen, the audience fell silent, totally absorbed in the story of the silent girl behind the curtain. When the final scene showed sunlight bursting through the holes, lighting up the girl's smiling face, all the people burst into thunderous applause. Meher stood in the spotlight, tears welling up in her eyes. He realized that she had finally been heard without uttering a single word.
After the show, classmates began approaching Meher and talking to her. “Your animation was amazing,” one girl said sincerely. “I never knew you were so talented.” Another boy added, “I’m sorry we made fun of you.” For the first time, there was respect in their voices when they spoke to her. Meher felt a wave of warmth spreading through her body as she smiled shyly at them. Though she still stuttered when she tried to speak, no one laughed at her. Instead, they waited patiently for her to finish, which gave Meher great courage. Since then, Mesher has become a confident, optimistic, and outgoing child who is not afraid to express herself.
范文二
On the night of the show, Meher stood nervously behind the stage curtain. She wouldn’t step on the stage, but her creation would. With the film beginning, the hall was in silence, then whispers, and then tears. When the final image disappeared and the simple words “By Meher” showed, the audience erupted into thunderous applause. Even the ones who had made fun of her stood up and clapped. Her “friends”, who used to copy her stutter, avoided eye contact now. But it wasn’t shame that made them look away, but a sudden, deep respect.
After the show, classmates began approaching Meher and talking to her. “That was so awe-inspiring,” someone said. “You’re really brave, Meher,” said another. One girl whispered, “I st-ut-ter t-o-” Meher met her eyes and offered a warm, understanding smile. She didn’t need to say much; the connection was already there, wordless but strong. From that day on, “Silent Meher” disappeared. Surrounded by warmth, kindness and understanding, she became confident and wasn’t the girl with the stutter anymore. She was the girl who told stories and shared laughter. She lived a life full of happiness and hope.
答案版
上高二中2027届高二年级英语阶段性练习三
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What are the speakers talking about
A. Writing. B. Art. C. Career.
2. What happened to the woman
A. She made a mistake.
B. She forgot the number.
C. She misunderstood the man.
3.Where are the speakers
A. In a library. B. In a bank. C. In a restaurant.
4. What does the man think of some of the exam questions
A. Difficult. B. Inspiring. C. Time-consuming.
5. Why does the man fail to attend the online class
A. He can’t get on the Internet.
B. He is not good at taking notes.
C. He is busy caring for his grandparents.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
6. Why does the woman want to change her room
A. The window is broken.
B. The neighbour is too noisy.
C. She can’t have a sound sleep.
7. When will the tour company leave
A. Today. B. Tomorrow morning. C. Tomorrow evening.
8. What are the speakers probably doing
A. Watching Kung Fu. B. Doing Tai Chi. C. Walking in a park.
9. What is required about using the basketball court
A. Advance booking. B. Deep cleaning. C. Quiet playing.
10. How long does the court keep open
A. 8 hours. B. 14 hours. C. 15 hours.
11. What can be inferred from the man’s response
A. He wants to motivate the woman.
B. He has had a similar experience.
C. He understands the woman’s mom.
12. What will the woman do tonight
A. Write a letter. B. Talk to her mom. C. Do homework with the man.
13. What is the relationship between the speakers
A. Mother and son. B. Friends. C. Teacher and student.
14. Why does the woman go to the gym
A. To lose weight. B. To improve her health. C. To build up her muscle.
15. When will the woman probably go to the gym
A. On Tuesdays. B. On Wednesdays. C. On Fridays.
16. How does the woman feel after knowing the test before the first class
A. Worried. B. Confused. C. Relieved.
17. What will the woman do next
A. Start working out. B. Finish a form. C. Have a free meal.
18. What is the best way to explore the park
A. Hiking. B. Bicycling. C. Skiing.
19. What is special about wildlife in the park
A. Its number is very large.
B. It includes many rare birds.
C. Lions can be seen all year round.
20. Why does the speaker give the speech
A. To explain a concept. B. To introduce a place. C. To issue an announcement.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
NIH Summer Internship (实习生) Program in Biomedical Research (SIP)
This program is to provide a developmental training experience for promising high school students who have expressed a strong interest in or are studying disciplines related to biomedical sciences.
Applicants must be:
* 17 years of age or older
* high school seniors at the time of application
* able to pass the Federal background check
* within 40 miles of the NIH campus on which they will intern if they are 17 years of age (this requirement does not apply to applicants who are 18 and older)
* having American citizenship or permanent residency
For minors under 18 years of age, if required by state or local government law, work permits must be obtained. A written agreement of a parent or guardian is also required.
Complete your application
You must use the NIH Application Center to apply for this program:
1. After you complete the required sections of your profile, you will be asked to select a preferred program. Choose “Summer internships for high school students”.
2. You must select “Apply” next to “High School Summer Internship Program” for your application to be considered for this program.
3. To complete your application, import any relevant information from your profile.
You must also submit:
* Coursework & Exams — a list of coursework and grades
* CV/Resume (简历) — a list of your education, experience, and other relevant history
* Letter/Statement — a cover letter broadly describing your prior research experience, your current interests and career goals
* References — letters containing the names and contact information of two referees
1. What is the purpose of the program
A. To provide training chances. B. To offer teenagers job positions.
C. To inspire students’ interest in science. D. To select promising high school students.
2. What is a requirement to participates in the program
A. Having intern experience. B. Majoring in biomedical science.
C. Living on or near the NIH campus. D. Being U.S. citizens or permanent residents.
3. What must be included in the submission
A. Application fee. B. Reference books.
C. Personal photos. D. Recommendation letters.
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. D
B
Chenoa Tremblay is a radio astronomer who uses radio telescopes (望远镜) and a specific analytical technique to study molecules (分子) in the gas layers (层) around stars. By analyzing these molecules’ unique frequency signals, she identifies signs related to life — such as water— that are potential signs of life beyond Earth. Additionally, she uses computers and advanced mathematics to turn these signals into images, enabling the study of the universe in ways that human eyes can’t.
Tremblay grew up in a small town in New Hampshire. There wasn’t a lot of expectation of girls doing much outside of home. But she was a naturally very curious child. Throughout high school, learning was hard for her most of the time. But math was always fairly easy, and she enjoyed chemistry.
Tremblay decided to study business and accounting in college. It seemed logical, but she really wasn’t sure what she’d do with it. Her roommate was studying chemistry, and she found herself helping her with her homework. Her friends finally convinced her to study chemistry instead.
Tremblay started volunteering for university projects to learn from teachers. That helped her figure out how to become a radio astronomer. In 2016, she got into a doctoral program for physics and astronomy in Australia. During her program, Tremblay and her team were using a brand-new radio telescope in Western Australia. In high school and her first years in college, she really struggled with physics. So it’s really funny that she ended up with a Ph.D. in the subject. At some point in the learning process, things just started to click.
“The career you decide on now doesn’t have to be what you do later. You can change your mind and switch paths.” Tremblay said in a speech for young students. “You can explore what you find interesting about the world.”
4. What can we learn from the first paragraph
A. Tremblay is good at designing telescopes.
B. Tremblay finds it possible to live beyond earth.
C. Tremblay’s work is about the study of the universe.
D. Tremblay’s study has gained widespread recognition.
5. What directly led Tremblay to change her university major
A. The appeal of chemistry. B. The push from her friends.
C. The advice from her parents. D. The doubt about her future job.
6. What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A. A new radio telescope. B. Tremblay and her team.
C. University volunteer work. D. Tremblay’s Ph.D. journey.
7. What can we learn from Tremblay’s experience
A. Nothing is impossible. B. Creativity is important.
C. Practical experience helps. D. Career paths can be adjusted.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. D 7. D
C
Soil as an Antidepressant: Fact or Fiction
Many gardening claims spread online, but one has become particularly popular: “Soil is an antidepressant.” According to this idea, supported through countless social media posts, Mycobacterium vaccae — a microbe (微生物) naturally found in soil — can actually boost your mood. All you apparently have to do to experience this benefit is get your hands in contact with earth. The bacteria are said to be absorbed through your skin or breathed in from the air, and they will quickly get to work transforming your brain chemistry for the better. But is all this a bit too good to be true
Although the claim may initially seem a little outlandish, there have actually been a range of studies investigating the effect of this microbe on a variety of conditions, from eczema to cancer. In fact, Mycobacterium vaccae was first extracted in soil samples from Uganda by scientists in order to find a harmless close cousin of the deadly Mycobacterium tuberculosis that could be used as a form of immunotherapy (免疫疗法). Scientists became more interested in its possible effects on depression when lung cancer patients receiving the bacteria reported feeling better overall. Several careful studies appeared to confirm these mood-improving effects, leading to widespread sharing of this information online.
However, there’s an important limitation: all the studies specifically testing the depression theory were done on mice, not humans. In these experiments, researchers either injected (注射) the bacteria into the mice’s blood or added it to their food. This matters because results from animal studies often don’t work the same way in humans. For example, one analysis of 76 animal studies found that only 37% produced similar results when tried with people. Additionally, all the mice in these studies were males of the same special breed. The bacteria weren’t breathed in or absorbed through the skin — they were given in pure form directly into the body.
As someone interested in how nature affects mental health I’m excited to see what future research reveals. However, despite the confident claims online, we can only say that “soil is an antidepressant” if you’re a specific type of male mouse that has been injected with pure bacteria from soil — and since you’re reading this, I assume you’re not.
8. What does the underlined word “outlandish” most probably mean in paragraph 2
A. Popular and widely accepted.
B. Strange and difficult to believe.
C. Scientific and well-researched.
D. Boring and complex to understand.
9. What was the original purpose of extracting Mycobacterium vaccae
A. To find a cure for depression
B. To treat lung cancer patients.
C. To develop a brand new gardening product.
D. To create immunotherapy from a harmless bacterium.
10. What is the key limitation of the studies mentioned
A. They only involved human participants.
B. They were conducted only on specific mice.
C. They didn’t use purified forms of bacteria.
D. They focused only on skin absorption.
11. What is the author’s attitude toward the “soil is an antidepressant” claim
A. Cautious. B. Disapproving. C. Supportive. D. Uninterested.
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. B 11. A
D
A doctor in Florida successfully operated on a patient 7,000 miles away in Africa, using a remote-controlled robot to perform the surgery.
Fernando Da Silva, who lives in Angola, needed surgery to treat cancer. In a robotic surgical procedure, the surgeon does not touch the patient. Instead, the doctor moves their hands to control smaller robotic hands that hold surgical instruments. When the doctor moves their hands around, the robotic hands move in the same way.
Da Silva’s procedure, called “transcontinental robotic telesurgery”, was performed by Dr. Vipul Patel from Florida. He sat at a robotic console (控制台) equipped with a 3D screen and highly responsive hand controls. His movements were transmitted through fiber-optic (光纤) cables that run under the ocean to robotic arms in the operating room in Angola.
Fiber-optic technology transmits data faster and farther than other communication methods. Patel has performed nearly 20,000 robotic surgeries. He said that despite the distance, there was no noticeable delay between his movements and the response of the robotic arms. The entire process took about one hour and 20 minutes.
Although Patel was in the US, his medical team was in the operating room in Angola with Da Silva. “I always have my team where the patient is,” Patel said. “So, in case something happened with the telecommunications, the team would just take over and finish the operation.”
The team did not need to intervene, however, as Da Silva’s surgery was a success. The procedure was part of a clinical trial approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the government agency that promotes and protects public health. Patel said he plans to perform more surgeries like this one and present the results to the FDA for review.
Patel said he believes robotic technology will allow doctors to perform surgery around the world and help people in rural or less wealthy areas, where access to medical care is limited. He hopes it can also be used to help people who are experiencing medical emergencies, like heart attacks and strokes.
12 What can be inferred about the role of fiber-optic technology in the surgery
A. It ensures rea