Module1 Social communicationUnit 1 Helping those in need 导学案

Module
1
Unit
1
Helping
those
in
need
导学案
（1）Words
raise
v.
筹募，增高，增加
permission
n.准许，不可数名词
ask
permission报请批准
disabled
adj.丧失能力的
able
adj.
有能力的
be
able
to
=
can
offer
v.主动提出
offer
to
do
sth.主动提出做某事，
serious
adj.
严重的
–ly
adv.
organize
v.
组织
organization
n.
lonely
adj.
孤独的
alone
difficulty
n.困难
difficult
adj.
困难的
hurt
v.伤害
hurt
oneself
伤了自己
(hurt
,
hurt
)
pay
v.
付费
pay
for
与
take
cost
spend
的区别
（2）Phrases
in
need
需要帮助的
voluntary
work
义务工作
ask
permission
报请批准
suffer
from
因…受苦
raise
one’s
spirits
使振奋
=
cheer
up
in
order
to
目的在于
so
that
为的是
与so
…that的区别
make
friends
with
…与…交朋友
look
after
=
take
care
of
=
care
for
照顾
because
of
因为
与because
的区别
talk
to
/
with
/
about
谈论
teach
sb.
to
do
sth.
交某人做某事
offer
to
do
sth
主动提出做某事take
photos
of
照相
help
sb.
do
/
with
sth.
帮助某人做某事
continue
to
do
sth.
继续做某事
need
to
do
sth.
需要做某事
in
good
health
身体健康
be
afraid
of
+
n.
/
pron
/
doing害怕…
enjoy
oneself
/
doing
玩的愉快/喜欢做某事
decide
to
do
sth.
决定做某事
（3）Sentences
1
I
met
a
girl
called
Cindy.
我遇见一个叫森迪的女孩。
过去分词作后置定语
called
=
named
2
We
taught
them
to
tell
stories
.我们教他们讲故事。
tell
talk
speak
say
的区别
tell
“告诉，讲述”，把某事/
信息传达给别人
tell
stories
tell
a
lie
talk
“交谈，讲话”，talk
to
/
with
sb.
talk
about
sth.
speak
“说，发言”，+
语言
say
“说”，
强调说话的内容。
3
We
spent
time
with
a
girl
called
Vivien.
我们和一个叫薇薇安的女孩共度时光。
spend
“花费”
主语（人）+
spend(s)
+
money
/
time
+
（in）doing
sth.
/
on
+
n.
4
I
taught
them
to
sing
because
music
can
bring
then
joy
and
peace.
我教他们唱歌是因为音乐可以给他们带来快乐和宁静。
teach
sb.
to
do
sth.教某人做某事
bring
take
get
carry
的区别
bring
“带来”+
双宾语
-》来
Remember
to
bring
me
the
pictures.
take
“带到，去”
去-》
I
won’t
take
you
here
.
get
去某处将某人/
物带到说话人处
Please
get
some
paper
for
me
.
carry
强调负重或搬运
Hecarried
a
baby
on
his
back
.
5
One
of
them
had
difficulty
walking
.
其中有一位病人行走困难。
One
of
+
可数名词复数/
代词复数
谓语动词用单数
One
of
+
the
+
形容词最高级
+
复数名词
“最…之一”
6
He
used
to
love
sport
until
he
hurt
his
legs
in
an
accident
.
他过去热爱运动，直到他在一起事故中双腿受伤。
until
“直到…才”
a
until
与延续性动词连用时，动词用肯定形式。
e.g.We
walked
until
it
got
dark
.
b
until
与非延续性动词连用时，动词用否定形式。
e.g.The
little
girl
didn’t
stop
crying
until
she
saw
her
mother
.
(4)Grammar
动词不定式
结构：
to
+
动词原形
（有时to可省略）
用法：
1
作宾语
（作及物动词的宾语，不作介词宾语）
Remember
to
post
the
letter
.
2
作宾补
放在宾语后，表示宾语是什么或怎么样。
ask
,
tell
,
like
,
love
,
hate
,
would
like
,
teach
,
want
,
etc.
e.g.The
doctor
wanted
him
to
have
a
good
rest
.
3
作目的状语
常用逗号与句子隔开，在末尾时，则不用。
e.g.To
get
there
on
time
,
we
set
out
at
five
in
the
morning
.
He
goes
there
to
enjoy
the
fresh
air
.
(5)Practice
millions
of
…
数百万的
be
unable
to…不能
be
able
to…能
=
can
since
then
从那时以来
close
to
…
靠近
in
order
to
…
为了
in
hospital生病住院
in
the
hospital在医院
(6)Exercise
用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
1
I
plan
____________
(go)
to
Canada
this
summer
.
2
Did
they
enjoy
__________
(them)
in
the
park

3
He
decided
_________
(live)
in
another
city
.
4
It
took
us
two
hours
_________
(get)
to
Beijing
by
train
.
5
A
restaurant
needs
lots
of
water
for
_________
(wash)
the
dishes
.
6
What
do
we
use
___________
(clean)
toilets

7
My
father
is
too
tired
.
He
needs
__________
(rest)
.
8
Thank
you
for
___________
(look)
after
my
sister
.
9
Don’t
forget
___________
(close)
the
window
when
you
leave
.
10
It
is
very
bad
___________
(pollute)
the
groundwater
.
11
They
offered
to
__________
(help)
those
in
need
.
12
He
is
___________
(disabled)
to
swim
in
the
river
.
13
Jack
was
__________
(serious)
hurt
in
the
accident
.
14
Tom
didn’t
come
to
school
today
because
he
was
___________
(illness)
.
15
I
like
_____________
(organize)
parties
.It
is
very
interesting
.
16
She
fell
onto
the
ground
and
felt
very
__________
(pain)
.
17
Last
night
,
my
parents
went
out
.
So
I
watched
TV
___________
(lonely)
.
18
Miss
White
has
no
friends
,
so
she
often
feels
___________
(lonely)
.
19
The
new
neighbour
is
very
____________
(friendship)
.
20
This
book
is
very
_____________
(difficulty)
for
me
.
Unit
1
Helping
those
in
need
一．重点词汇详解：
★1.
Helping
those
in
need.
in
need:意为“有困难的”常位于名词后作后置定语
in
need
of
…
需要什么
例：A
friend
in
need
is
a
friend
indeed.
患难见真情！
The
buildings
is
in
need
of
painting.
这座建筑需要粉涮。
★2.
Could
you
give
me
a
hand
Here
you
are!
give
sb
a
hand:
=
帮助某人
★3.
to
ask
permission
to
raise
money
（1）permission
n.
=
agreement
准许；批准
ask
permission
(to
do
sth)
报请批准
permit
v.
---
过去式：
---
过去分词：
permit
sb.
to
do
sth.
=
.
允许某人做某事
（2）raise
v.
筹集；提升；增加=move
it
higher
第三人称单数：
过去式：
过去分词：
现在分词：
搭配：raise
one’s
voice
提高嗓门；raise
a
family
养家糊口；raise
money
筹款；
raise
price
提高价格；raise
one’s
spirits
打起精神
raise
=
keep
有“饲养，抚养”的意思，如：
raise
children（抚养孩子）
▲辨析：raise,
rise(rise--rose--risen)的区别
这两个词都有“提高，上升，增加”的意思，但其用法不同。raise是及物动词，其主语通常是人；而rise是不及物动词，其主语通常是物。
例如：The
sun
rises
and
bathes
the
earth.
太阳升起，普照大地。
If
you
want
to
ask
question,
please
raise
your
hand.
如果你想问问题，请举手！
★4.
Three
teenagers
offered
to
do
some
voluntary
work
during
the
school
holidays.
（1）teenagers：n
青少年
在口语中常用
teen
来表示“青少年”
（2）offer：v.
=be
willing
to
do
something
主动提出
offer
to
do
sth.
主动提出
Peter
offered
to
teach
them
water-skiing.
彼得主动提出教他们滑水。
▲辨析：provide,
offer,
give的区别：
1).
provide仅仅是出于某种责任，强调提供必须用的东西，尤其是生活用品。
常用于provide
sb.
with
sth.
=
provide
sth.
for
sb.
的固定搭配中。
2).
offer表示主动提供服务、工作等。常用于offer
sb.
sth.或offer
sth.
to
sb.
固定搭配中。
例如：offer
sb.主动提出帮助某人；offer
sb.
a
good
salary
给某人一个好工资。
3).
give
意为“给”常用于
give
sb
sth=give
sth
to
sb
给某人某物
（3）voluntary：adj.
自愿的，自发的；无偿的；
adv：
自愿地
自愿者
练习：1.
Schools
need
__________
to
help
children
to
read.
学校需要义务工作者帮助儿童阅读。
2.
In
her
spare
time
she
does
_________work.她在业余时间做义工。
★5.
The
children
there
all
suffer
from
serious
illnesses.
（1）
suffer：v
（因疾病等）
受苦，受折磨
She
suffered
greatly
as
a
child.
她童年深受苦难。
suffer
from因……而痛苦,
指长期的或习惯性的痛苦或困难。
1).
suffer
from+疾病名词（或者他人闲言碎语、劳累、记忆力减退等），表示患病、为…受苦。
She
suffers
from
headache.
她患头痛病。
2).
suffer
from+自然灾害
China
suffered
from
bad
floods
in
2013.
2013年中国遭受严重的水灾
（2）
serious：adj
严重的
=
bad
and
dangerous
adv.
serious还有以下意思：
1).
认真的：
He
is
a
serious
student
and
works
very
hard.
他是一个认真的学生，学习非常努力。
2).
严肃的：
Be
serious!
Don’t
make
fun
of
me.
严肃点！别拿我开玩笑！
（3）
illness
n.
（某种）病=
in
bad
health
ill
(adj.)
生病的;
坏的
注意：当illness表示某种具体的疾病时，是可数名词，但当表示“疾病，生病期间”是不可数名词。
fall
ill
病倒了
feel
ill
感觉不舒服、生病
speak
ill
of
sb.
说某人的短处
例：The
children
there
all
suffer
from
serious
illness.
那里的孩子都遭受疾病的折磨。
同根词：ill
adj.
有病的
（比较级：worse,
最高级：worst）
▲辨析：ill,
sick的区别：
1).
ill和sick都有“生病的；有病的”之意，但用法并不完全相同。ill表示“生病的；有病的”这一意思时，一般用作表语，不能作定语；而sick既可以作表语又可以作定语，如“病人”可以说a
sick
man或the
sick,
但不能说an
ill
man或the
ill。
例如：She
is
ill/sick
in
bed.
她卧病在床。
She
is
looking
after
her
sick
father.
她在照顾她生病的父亲。
2).
sick
有“恶心的；厌倦的”之意。例如：The
smell
makes
me
sick.
这气味使我感到恶心。
ill作定语修饰名词时是“坏的；邪恶的”之意。
例如：He
is
an
ill
child.
他是一个坏孩子。
★6.
We
organized
a
painting
competition
for
them.
（1）organize
v.
组织策划
(n.)
组织者
(n.)
组织
（2）competition
n.
竞赛
(v.)
竞赛
(n.)
竞赛者
(adj.)
有竞争力的
★7.
I
met
a
girl
called
Cindy.
Called
被叫做
=named
名为
The
girl
called
Lucy
is
one
of
the
best
students
in
our
school.
那个被叫做Lucy的女孩是我们学校最好的学生之一
★8.
We
taught
them
to
tell
stories.
Taught
-----(一般现在时)：
教师：
用法：teach
sb
to
do
sth
教某人做某事
teach
sb
how
to
do
sth
教某人怎样做某事
Teach
us
English
教某人英语
teach
oneself
自学
★9.
This
helps
them
express
their
feelings.
（1）help
v/n
意为“帮助”
用法：help
sb
to
do
sth/do
sth
帮助某人做某事
help
sb
with
sth
帮助某人某事
With
the
help
of
sb
=
with
one’s
help
在…的帮助下
（2）express
v.
表达；表露
(n.)
表达;表情;
习惯用语(常用复数)
当express
表示“表达，表示”之意是后不加双宾语
1).
He
expressed
his
thanks
to
her.
√
2).
He
expresses
her
his
thanks.
X
练习：
1).
Words
cannot
______
how
pleased
I
am.
言语无法表达我的愉快心情。
2).
Teenagers
often
have
difficulty
________
themselves.
青少年在表达思想方面常常有困难。
★10.
My
friends
don’t
understand
my
pain.
pain
n
(身体上的)疼痛
adj
痛苦的，烦恼的
★11.
She
is
unhappy
and
very
lonely.
lonely
adj
孤独的，寂寞的
▲辨析：lonely，alone的区别：
1).
alone
既可以用作形容词，又可以用作副词，意为“独自的（地），单独的（地）”，侧重于说明独自一人，没有同伴或助手，指的是客观情况，alone用作形容词时，一般与be动词连用，在句子中作表语
She
is
alone
at
home.
I
like
to
work
alone.
2).
Lonely
只作形容词，在句子中既可以作定语，又可以作表语，其比较级和最高级形式：lonelier-loneliest
Lonely用作定语时，意为“无人烟的，荒凉的，偏僻的”等，用作表语时，可以表示“孤独的，寂寞的”之意，带有浓厚的感彩，具有“渴望得到同伴”的含义。
That
is
a
lonely
island.
I
was
alone
but
I
didn’t
feel
lonely.
★11.
She
needs
friendship.
friendship
n.
友情；友谊
同根词：friend
n.
朋友
复数：friends.
friendly
adj.
友好的
friendliness
n.
友善
★12.
I
will
continue
to
visit
Vivien.
continue
to
do
sth
=
go
on
doing
sth
意为“继续做某事”
★13.
I
wanted
to
help
disabled
children.
disabled
adj.
有伤残的；丧失能力的；不中用
I
taught
disabled
children
to
sing.
我教残疾的孩子唱歌。
同根词：disable
v.
=
make
(sb.)
unable
to
do
sth.
使无能力；使残废，使伤残
the
disable
表示残疾这一类人。
enable
v.
=
make
(sb.)
able
to
do
sth.
使（某人）能够做某事
搭配：mentally
disabled
有智力缺陷
learning
disabilities
学习障碍
★14.
They
have
difficulty
walking
and
moving.
have
difficulty
(in)
doing
sth
表示“做某事有困难”=
have
trouble
(in)
doing
sth
若后接名词：则常用have
difficulty
with
sth
的结构
★15.
Because
music
can
bring
them
joy
and
peace.
joy
(n.)
=
happiness
/
pleasure高兴，喜悦，快乐
(adj.)高兴的
(adv.)高兴地
to
one’s
joy
使某人高兴的是….
练习：
1.
Looking
after
the
baby
is
both
painful
and
.
2.
They
greeted
him
_____
__.
3.
We
should
study
with
____
____.
peace
n.
平静；宁静
adj.
和平的；爱好和平的；安静的；平静的
t
he
Nobel
Peace
Prize
诺贝尔和平奖
Evening
in
the
country
is
a
very
peaceful
time.
乡村里的今晚是平静安谧的时刻。
★16.
He
hurt
his
legs
in
an
accident,
but
he
has
lots
of
courage.
courage
n.
勇气；勇敢
He
showed
great
courage
and
determination.
他表现得十分勇敢和果断。
同根词：encourage
v.
鼓励，鼓舞；支持；促进；
encourage
sb
to
sth
鼓励某人做某事
My
English
teacher
often
encourages
us
to
read
English
aloud.
Unit
1
Helping
those
in
need
按要求写单词。
permission（动词）：
volunteer（形容词）：
ill（名词）：
lonely（比较级）：
difficult（名词）：
pain（形容词）：
expression（动词）：
joy（形容词）：
pay（过去式）：
organize（名词）：
peaceful（名词）：
raise（现在分词）：
二.
从方框中选择适当的短语并用其正确形式填空。
ask
permission
raise
money
in
need
voluntary
work
offer
to
suffer
from
spend
time
with
continue
to
have
difficulty
raise
one’s
spirits
1.
My
grandfather
has
a
serious
heart
disease
for
a
long
time.
2.
My
friend
drive
me
to
the
airport
last
week
because
it
was
raining
hard
and
I
couldn’t
find
a
taxi.
3.
The
students
completing
the
project
without
any
help
from
adults.
So
most
of
them
asked
their
parents
for
help.
4.
I
think
you
need
to
before
you
use
Wendy’s
computer.
5.
We
should
use
the
money
to
help
those
people
.
6.
I
don’t
want
to
go
to
Paris
for
such
a
short
holiday.
I’d
rather
stay
at
home
and
my
kids.
7.
Cheer
up.
Simon!
Drink
a
cup
of
coffee
now
and
it
may
.
8.
The
students
at
Guangzhou
Middle
School
will
for
the
children
in
poor
areas.
9.
Nowadays,
more
and
more
teenagers
take
part
in
to
help
people
they
don’t
know
at
all.
10.
After
Judy
completed
her
Maths
homework,
she
do
more
Physics
exercises.
三.
根据划线部分在句中的意思，找出意思最接近的选项。
1.
The
ole
man
is
ill
in
these
days.
A.
worried
B.
in
good
health
C.
in
bad
health
D.
nervous
2.
If
you
know
the
answer,
please
raise
your
hand.
A.
get
up
B.
put
up
C.
use
up
D.
stand
up
3.
Do
you
have
trouble
learning
English.
A.
difficulty
B.
decisions
C.
memory
D.
ideas
4.
The
fans
were
very
happy
when
the
team
won
the
final
match.
A.
in
trouble
B.
in
low
spirits
C.
in
high
spirits
D.
in
danger
5.
Jack
got
up
early
to
catch
the
school
bus.
A.
because
of
B.
instead
of
C.
so
that
D.in
order
to
6.
After
his
wife
died,
he
lived
alone.
A.
unhappily
B.
by
himself
C.
lonely
D.
badly
7.
Tony
didn’t
go
to
school
because
he
was
sick
yesterday.
A.
lonely
B.
ill
C.
glad
D.
fit
8.
They
offered
to
help
those
in
need.
A.
refused
to
B.
provided
C.
were
willing
to
give
D.
helped
9.
They
have
permission
to
build
500
new
schools.
A.
are
made
B.
have
decision
C.
have
direction
D.
are
allowed
10.
Tim
fell
off
the
bike
and
hurt
his
legs.
A.
injured
B.
made
C.
expressed
D.
stayed
四．用括号内所给单词的适当形式完成句子。
1.
They
have
(difficult)
walking
or
moving.
2.
Why
do
you
think
it
is
very
important
to
ask
your
parents’
.
(permit)
3.
Mother
(pay)
ten
dollars
for
the
English
dictionary.
4.
In
her
spare
time
she
does
_________
(volunteer)
work.
5.
Looking
after
the
baby
is
both
painful
and
(joy).
6.
I
am
really
hungry.
Can
I
stop
(eat)
something.
7.
Mr.
Liu
often
teaches
us
how
(speak)
English
well.
8.
I
asked
him
(lend)
me
ten
Yuan,
but
he
didn’t.
9.
Let’s
(go)
shopping
today
if
it
doesn’t
rain.
10.
It
took
me
two
days
(finish)
the
job.
11.
Please
tell
the
boys
(not
make)
any
noise,
my
baby
is
sleeping.
12.
The
girl
(name)
Lucy
is
one
of
the
best
students
in
our
school.
13.
If
you
know
the
answer,
you
can
(raise)
your
hand.
14.
You
should
(expression)
your
feeling
clearly.
15.
I
didn’t
decide
when
(go)
yesterday.
语法：动词不定式
动词不定式是一种非谓语动词，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，但to有时可以省略。动词不定式在句子中不做谓语，所以没有人称、数和时态的变化。
一．动词不定式作宾语：基本结构：动词+动词不定式
动词不定式可以在agree,
choose,
decide,
learn,
plan,
hope,
promise,
want,
seem,
would,
like等后面做宾语。
如：I
want
to
play
basketball.
我想玩篮球。
I
agree
to
meet
Susan
outside
the
cinema.
我同意在电影院外跟苏珊见面。
▲
有些动词后面可以跟“疑问词+动词不定式”这种结构，这些动词包advise，ask，decide，discuss，forget，know，learn，remember，show，teach，tell等
如：We
teach
him
how
to
walk.
我们教他走路。
I
forgot
what
to
do.
我忘记要做什么了。
二．动词不定式作宾语补足语：基本结构：动词+宾语（名词/代词）+动词不定式
动词不定式作宾语补足语时，有带to和省略to
的两种情况。
常跟带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有advise，ask，tell，order，invite，allow，wish，get，want，encourage等。如:
My
teacher
often
encourages
us
to
study
hard.
我的老师经常鼓励我们要努力学习。
Tom
asked
me
not
to
sleep
in
class.
Tom叫我不要在课堂上睡觉。
常跟省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：使役动词let,
make,
have等，感官动词see,
feel,
notice等。
如：You
can
let
the
girl
go
first.
你可以让那个女孩子先走。
I
saw
him
open
the
door.
我看见他开门。
三．动词不定式表目的：
动词不定式还可以用来表示某一动作或状态的目的。动词不定式也可以位于句首。
如：She
went
to
the
department
store
to
buy
a
new
book.
她去百货商店是为了买本新书。
To
learn
English
well,
you
should
speak
English
as
much
as
possible.
想学好英语，应该尽可能多的说英语。
动词不定式专题练习
一．用括号内“动词+动词不定式”的结构完成下列句子。
It
is
spring
now.
Our
monitor___________
(want,
organize)
a
class
trip.
What
would
you
____________
(like,
drink),
tea
or
coffee
I
___________
(hope,
travel)
around
the
world
when
I
grow
up.
At
last,
her
parents
___________
(agree,
live)
in
the
city
with
her.
Sandy
___________
(prepare,
make)
a
speech
at
the
evening
party
now.
The
two
boys
will___________
(learn,
swim)
in
the
Swimming
Club.
You
have
poor
eyesight,
so
you
can
___________
(choose,
sit)
in
the
front
of
the
classroom.
Please___________
(remember,
close)
the
door
when
you
leave
the
room.
Don't
___________
(forget,
take)
an
umbrella
with
you
because
it
is
going
to
rain.
Look!
The
little
girl___________
(try,
wake)
her
mum
up.
The
police
___________
(make)
everyone
___________
(leave)
the
building
at
once.
The
driver___________
(let)
the
old.
___________
(travel)
on
the
bus
without
a
ticket.
Jack
___________
(have)
his
brother
___________
(wash)
the
dishes
yesterday.
I
don't___________
(let)
people
___________
(smoke)
in
my
car!
二．连词成句。注意使用正确的时态：
(Tomorrow/l/encourage/Janet/enter/the
competition.)
__________________________________________________
(I
was
already
tired,
but
I/force/myself
go
on
working.)
__________________________________________________
(Ann/teach/Mary/drive/last
year.)
__________________________________________________
(Don't
worry!
Tomorrow
I/persuade/my
father/see/a
doctor.)
__________________________________________________
(Last
Sunday,
John/invite/Sheila/come/for
lunch.)
__________________________________________________
(Next
year
the
teachers/allow/the
students
/use/
calculators
in
exams.)
__________________________________________________
三.根据括号中的内容提示,用动词不定式完成句子:
(Policewoman:
Can
everyone
please
stay
indoors )
The
policewoman
asked
everyone
___________________________________
(Jane:
Remember
to
come
home
early,
Tim.)
Jane
reminded
Tim__________________________________________
(Manager:
You
must
work
more
quickly.)
The
manager
wants
us___________________________________
(Captain:
Let's
do
our
best
in
the
game.)
The
captain
encouraged
us
___________________________________
(Joe:
Can
you
come
to
my
party
next
Saturday )
Joe
invited
me
__________________________________________
Unit
1
Helping
those
in
need
一、重点词汇讲解
1.
raise
v.
筹集；提升；增加
第三人称单数：raises
过去式：raised
过去分词：raised
现在分词：raising
搭配：raise
money
筹款；raise
money
for
…
为……筹款
raise
one’s
voice
提高嗓门；
例如：They
raised
money
for
homeless
people.
raise
price
提高价格；raise
one’s
spirits
打起精神
raise
=
keep
有“饲养，抚养”的意思，如：
raise
cattle
=
keep
cattle（饲养牲口）和raise
children（抚养孩子）
辨析：raise,
rise(rise--rose--risen)的区别
(1)
这两个词都有“提高，上升，增加”的意思，但其用法不同。
raise是及物动词，其主语通常是人；而rise是不及物动词，其主语通常是物。例如：The
sun
rises
and
bathes
the
earth.
太阳升起，普照大地。
Bath
n.
沐浴，浴室
bathe
v.
沐浴，洗，（光线）充满
(2)
raise和rise用于同一事物时含义不同。例如：
The
price
of
TV
sets
has
been
raised
recently.
最近电视机提价了。（政府或厂家主动行动）
The
price
of
TV
sets
has
risen
recently.
最近电视机提价了。（市场调节）
2.
permission
n.
=
agreement
准许；批准
搭配：Ask
permission
报请批准
Write
a
letter
to
the
head
teacher
to
to
raise
money.
给校长写一封信请求允许筹钱。
同根词：permit
v.
=
allow
you
to
do
it
许可，准许；默许
The
guards
permitted
me
to
bring
my
camera
and
tape
recorder.
知识拓展：
表示请求某人允许自己做某事，通常与动词ask,
ask
for,
request连用。
She
asked
for
permission
to
leave
work
early.她请求许可早点下班。
表示允许某人做某事，通常与动词give连用。
Who
gave
you
permission
to
come
here
谁准许你到这里来的
(3)表示不允许某人做某事，通常与动词refuse/
deny
连用。
The
school
has
been
refused
permission
to
expand.学校扩充未得到允许
3.
disabled
adj.
丧失能力的；有残疾的
I
taught
disabled
children
to
sing.
我教残疾的孩子唱歌。
同根词：disable
v.
=
make
(sb.)
unable
to
do
sth.
使残废，使伤残
He
is
disabled
from
voting.
他失去了选举资格。
enable
v.
[ n'e b( )l]
=
make
(sb.)
able
to
do
sth.
使（某人）能够做某事
The
new
test
should
enable
doctors
to
detect
the
disease
early.
新的检测手段应该能够使医生们尽早查出这种疾病。
搭配：mentally
disabled
有智力缺陷
learning
disabilities
学习障碍
4.
offer
v.
=
be
willing
to
do
something
主动提出
搭配：
offer
to
do
sth.
主动提出去做某事，愿意做某事
Peter
offered
to
teach
them
water-skiing.
彼得主动提出教他们滑水。
搭配：offer
one’s
hand
伸出友好的手
offer
sb.
sth.
为某人提供某物
They
have
offered
me
a
large
sum
of
money
to
go
away.
他们曾为我提供一大笔搬迁费
辨析：provide,
offer的区别：
provide用于表示无主动慷慨之意地为人或物提供需要或有用的东西，仅仅是出于某种责任，强调提供必须用的东西，尤其是生活用品,多数情况是免费的。常用于provide
sb.
with
sth.
或provide
sth.
for
sb.
的固定搭配中。
offer表示主动提供服务、工作等，对方可以接受，也可以不接受。常用于offer
sb.
sth.或offer
sth.
to
sb.
固定搭配中。
例如：offer
sb.主动提出帮助某人；offer
sb.
a
good
salary
给某人一个好工资。
Somehow
she
managed
to
provide
her
children
with
food
and
clothing.
她总算设法使她的孩子有饭吃，有衣穿。
He
offered
me
a
glass
of
wine.
=
He
offered
a
glass
of
wine
to
me.
他端给我一杯酒。
5.
illness
n.
（某种）病
The
children
there
all
suffer
from
serious
illness.
那里的孩子都遭受疾病的折磨。
同根词：ill
adj.
有病的
（比较级：worse,
最高级：worst）
辨析：ill,
illness,
sick的区别：
illness是ill的名词形式，是可数名词。
ill和sick都有“生病的；有病的”之意，但用法并不完全相同。
ill表示“生病的；有病的”这一意思时，一般用作表语，不能作定语；
sick既可以作表语又可以作定语，如“病人”可以说a
sick
man或the
sick,
但不能说an
ill
man或the
ill。例如：
She
is
ill/sick
in
bed.
她卧病在床。
She
is
looking
after
her
sick
father.
她在照顾她生病的父亲。
sick
有“恶心的；厌倦的”之意。例如：The
smell
makes
me
sick.
这气味使我感到恶心。
ill作定语修饰名词时是“坏的；邪恶的”之意。例如：
He
is
an
ill
man.
他是一个邪恶的人。
一言辨异：Although
I
am
ill,
I
have
to
look
after
my
sick
sister
at
home
today.
Because
of
illness,
she
can’t
go
to
school.尽管我病了，但是今天我必须在家照看我生病的妹妹。因为疾病，她没有去上学。
6.
organize
v.
组织
In
the
end,
we
all
decided
to
organize
a
concert
for
Easter.
最终，我们一致决定组织一场复活节音乐会。
同根词：organization
n.
组织；机构
organizer
n.
组织者organized
adj.
有组织的
What
do
you
know
about
our
organization
关于我们的组织你知道些什么？
Students
need
organized
activities.
学生们需要有组织的活动。
Who
is
the
organizer
of
the
exhibition
谁是这次展览会的组织者？
7.
express
v.
表达；表露
This
helps
them
express
their
feelings.
这有助于他们表达他们的情感。
同根词：expression
n.
表现，表示，表达；表情
She
gave
expression
to
her
sadness.
她流露出了悲伤之情。
8.
lonely
adj.
孤独的；寂寞的；荒凉的
（比较级：lonelier最高级：loneliest）
It
felt
like
the
loneliest
place
in
the
world.
感觉这就像是天底下最荒凉的地方。
辨析：lonely,
alone的区别：
alone为形容词，意为“单独的”，只作表语，不能作定语。侧重说明独自一人，没有助手或同伴，没有感彩的只表示客观的状态。
lonely意为“孤独的”，表示主观上感到孤独、寂寞，有较浓的感彩，指因缺少朋友、同情、友谊等产生的一种悲伤和忧郁的感情。它为形容词，在句中作表语或定语。作定语时，意为“荒凉；偏僻”，多修饰表示地点的名词。
alone还可以作副词。
alone
adv.
单独；独自
She
went
home
alone.=
She
went
home
by
herself.
她独自回家去了。
The
old
man
lives
in
a
lonely
town,
he
lives
alone
but
he
does’t
feel
lonely.
这位老人住在偏僻的镇上，他独自一人住着，但他并不感到孤独。
一言辩异:
I
didn’t
feel
lonely
though
I
was
alone.
我虽孤身一人，但并不感到寂寞。
9.
friendship
n.
友情；友谊
同根词：friend
n.
朋友
复数：friends.
True
friendship
is
worth
more
than
money.
真正的友谊比金钱更有价值。
friendly
adj.
友好的
Robert
has
a
friendly
relationship
with
his
customers.
罗伯特和他的客户之间关系处得很好。
friendliness
n.
友善
She
also
loves
the
friendliness
of
the
people.
她也喜欢人们的友善。
10.
difficulty
n.
=
be
not
able
to
do
something
easily
困难；费劲
The
country
is
facing
great
economic
difficulties.
该国正面临巨大的经济困难。
同根词：difficult
adj.
=
hard
to
do
困难的
The
child
is
going
through
a
difficult
phase.
那孩子正经历困难的阶段。
It’s
difficult
for
me.
对我来说这很难。
搭配：have
difficulty
(in)
doing
something
做……有困难
I
had
no
difficulty
(in)
making
myself
understood.
我毫不费力地表达了自己的意思。
in
difficulty/difficulties
处境困难
The
bank
is
in
difficulty/difficulties.
这家银行处境困难。
11.
joy
n.
=
a
feeling
of
great
happiness
愉快；喜悦
I
taught
them
to
sing
because
music
can
bring
them
joy
and
peace.
我教他们唱歌，因为音乐能带给他们喜悦与宁静。
同根词：joyful
n.
快乐的，高兴的；令人开心的，使人喜悦的
He
was
excited
and
joyful
at
the
success.
他因成功而激动欣喜。
搭配：to
one’s
joy
令人高兴的是，使某人高兴的是
To
her
joy
her
son
was
permitted
to
a
key
university.
12.
peace
n.
平静；宁静
the
Nobel
Peace
Prize
诺贝尔和平奖
One
more
question
and
I’ll
leave
you
in
peace.
再问一个问题，我就不打扰你了。
同根词：peaceful
adj.
和平的；爱好和平的；安静的；平静的
Evening
in
the
country
is
a
very
peaceful
time.
乡村里的今晚是平静安谧的时刻。
13.
hurt
v.
=
injure
[' nd ] 使疼痛；受伤
Tim
hurt
his
legs
in
an
accident,
but
he
has
lots
of
courage.
提姆在一次事故中伤了腿，但他很勇敢。
同根词：hurt
adj.
受伤的；痛苦的；（受）损坏的
They
did
not
seem
to
be
badly
hurt.
他们看起来没有受重伤。
搭配：hurt
oneself
自己受伤
Have
you
hurt
yourself
你伤着自己了吗？
注意：身体伤害重用badly修饰。精神、感情受到创伤用
very
much/
rather/
deeply修饰
The
driver
hurt
himself
badly
in
the
accident.
那位司机在事故中伤得很重。
Your
words
deeply
hurt
her.
你的话深深地伤害了她。
14.
courage
n.
勇气；勇敢
同根词：encourage
v.
鼓励，鼓舞；支持；促进；鼓动
My
English
teacher
often
encourages
us
to
read
English
aloud.
我的英语老师常常鼓励我们大声读英语。
搭配：take
one’s
courage
in
both
hands
鼓起勇气去做；敢作敢为
gather
courage鼓足勇气
lose
courage
失去勇气
gather
['g ]
vt.
收集；收割
Taking
her
courage
in
both
hands,
she
opened
the
door
and
walked
in.
她壮着胆打开门，走了进去。
Failure
is
the
mother
of
success.
Keep
up
your
courage.失败是成功之母。鼓起你的勇气来。
15.
Spirits
n.
情绪，心境
他回到家里是情绪非常好。He
felt
in
excellent
spirits
when
he
arrived
home.
Spirit
n.
精神，勇气，意志。
尽管他已经不再人世，但他的精神却至今还在。Even
though
he
is
no
longer
living,
his
spirit
lives
on
today.
固定搭配：in
spirit
在心里，
在精神上
16.
pay
v.
付款；偿还
We
paid
35
pounds
for
each
ticket.
我们每张票付了35英镑。
同根词：pay
n.
工资；薪水；报答
They
complained
about
their
pay
and
conditions.
他们抱怨他们的薪水和工作条件。
搭配：pay
off
偿清（债务）；支付（债务）的全部数额
pay
attention
to
注意
pay
a
visit
to
去参观，拜访
pay
for
为……付款
辨析：take,
spend,
cost和pay的用法区别：
总结：
take一般用it作主语，例如：it
takes
sb.
sometime
to
do
sth.
spend一般是人作主语，例如：I
spend
an
hour
finishing
my
homework.
cost表示某物值什么的（价值或钱），例如：The
book
cost
200
yuan.
pay一般是人作主语，例如：I
pay
lots
of
money
for
books.
spend的主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：
(1)spend
time/money
on
sth.
在……上花费时间（金钱）。例如：
I
spent
two
hours
on
this
math
problem.
这道数学题花了我两个小时。
(2)spend
time/money
(in)
doing
sth.
花费时间（金钱）做某事。例如：
They
spent
two
years
(in)
building
this
bridge.
造这座桥花了他们两年时间。
(3)spend
money
for
sth.
花钱买……
例如：
His
money
was
spent
for
books.
他的钱用来买书了。
cost的主语是物或某种活动，还可以表示“值”，常见用法如下：
(1)sth.
costs
(sb.)
+
金钱，某物花了（某人）多少钱。例如：
A
new
computer
costs
a
lot
of
money.
(2)(doing)
sth.
costs
(sb.)
+
时间，某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间。例如：
Remembering
these
new
words
cost
him
a
lot
of
time.他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。
注意：cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost，并且不能用于被动句。
take后面常跟双宾语，常见用法有以下几种：
(1)It
takes
sb.
+
时间
+
to
do
sth.
做某事花了某人多少时间。例如：
It
took
them
three
years
to
build
this
road.
他们用三年时间修完了这条路。
(2)doing
sth.
takes
sb.
+
时间，做某事花了某人多少时间。例如：
Repairing
this
car
took
him
the
whole
afternoon.
他花了一下午修车。
pay的基本用法是：
(1)pay
(sb.)
money
for
sth.付钱（给某人）买……
例如：
I
have
to
pay
them
20
pounds
for
this
room
each
month.
我每个月要付20英镑的房租。
(2)pay
for
sth.
付……的钱
例如：
I
have
to
pay
for
the
book
lost.
我不得不赔丢失的书款。
(3)pay
for
sb.
替某人付钱
例如：
Don’t
worry!
I’ll
pay
for
you.
别担心，我会给你付钱的。
(4)pay
sb.
付钱给某人
例如：
They
pay
us
every
month.
他们每月给我们报酬。
(5)pay
money
back
还钱
例如：
May
I
borrow
12
yuan
from
you
I’ll
pay
it
back
next
week.
(6)pay
off
one’s
money
还清钱。
17.
voluntary
adj.自愿的；志愿的
He
made
a
voluntary
statement
to
the
police.
他自愿为警方作供。
18.
be
used
for
doing
被用来做（某事）
be
used
to
do
被用来去做``````
be
used
as
把······用作，被用来当作······
be
used
by
(某物)被某人使用，by后接动词的执行者
be
used
to
(doing)
sth.
习惯于（做某事）
used
to
do
sth.
过去常常做某事
This
medicine
is
used
for
curing
cancer.
这种药物是用于治疗癌症的。
Clothes
are
used
to
keep
warm.
衣服是用来保暖的。
The
box
is
used
as
a
table.
这个箱子被当作桌子用。
This
car
is
used
by
Mr.
Li.这是李先生的专用轿车。
My
father
is
used
to
getting
up
early.
我爸爸习惯于早起。
I
used
to
dance
after
school.
我过去常常放学后跳舞。
In
the
past,
people
used
to
use
horses
as
their
transport.
过去人们常常使用马匹作为他们的交通工具。
18.
since
then
自从那时起
since
I
was
born
自从我出生时
since+
时间点（用于完成时）
自从5点开始他就在等了。
He
has
waited
since
5
o’clock.
陈先生自从2岁起就住在这儿。
Mr.
Chen
has
lived
here
since
2
years
old.
我们自从七年前开始就学习英语了。
We
have
learned
English
since
7
years
ago.
新词强化训练：
They
will
give
a
concert
to
(筹款)
for
charity.
You
must
(报请批准)
if
you
want
to
leave
early.
---Excuse
me,
would
you
(帮我个忙)？
---Sure,
What
would
you
like
me
to
do
He
is
(因……受苦)
nervous
tension(神经紧张).
Will
you
go
to
the
park
to
(拍照)
with
me
this
afternoon
Who
knows
what
will
happen
（将来）？
He
is
(不健康).
He
is
often
sick.
You
must
(照顾)
yourself
and
keep
healthy.
My
grandma
is
ill
（住院）now.
My
aunt
is
taking
care
of
her.
We
have
a
golf
course
in
the
_________(社区)。
---How
much
did
you
p_______
for
the
sweater
---Eight
dollars.
用所给词的适当形式填空。
People
don’t
allow
(teenager)
to
drive
a
car.
He
didn’t
go
to
the
meeting
because
of
his
(ill).
We
had
no
(difficult)
in
finding
the
house.
Tom,
don’t
be
afraid
of
(speak)
in
front
of
people.
You
are
the
best
one.
Some
boys
of
Class
One
enjoy
(listen)
to
music.
He
used
to
(play)
football.
According
to(根据)
the
passage,
which
of
the
following
(follow)
is
true
Though
it
was
raining,
they
continued
working
(work)
in
the
fields.
Tom,
don’t
be
afraid
of
speaking
(speak)
in
front
of
people.
You
are
the
best
one.
Some
boys
of
Class
One
enjoy
listening
(listen)
to
music.
He
used
to
play
(play)
football.
单项填空。
The
young
man
offered
his
seat
an
old
lady
on
the
crowded
bus.
with
B.to
C.
for
D.
at
Though
his
grandmother
lives
,
she
never
feels
.
A.alone,
alone
B.lonely,
lonely,
C.
alone,
lonely
D.
lonely,
alone
3.
We
have
activities
after
class.
You
can
take
part
in
them.
A.
kind
of
B.
a
kind
C.
many
kinds
of
D.
a
kind
of
Tomorrow
is
________.
The
students
want
to
buy
some
flowers
for
their
teachers.
Teacher
Day
B.
Teacher’s
Day
C.
Teachers’
Day
D.
the
Teachers
Old
Henry
is
so
lonely
that
he
hopes
to
know
about
_________
every
day.
special
something
B.
special
anything
C.
something
special
(肯定句用sth.)
D.
anything
special
I
don’t
know
how
to
begin
a
talk
with
Betty.
She
can
sit
all
day
long
_____a
word.
by
B.
with
C.
in
D.
without
Scientists
are
trying
their
best
to
come
up
with
ways
to
treat(治疗)
the
terrible
disease(疾病)
______
H7N9.
called
B.
call
C.
name
D.
was
call
He
was
born
in
1956
and
_______
in
2012.
death
B.
dead
C.
died
D.
die
---How
is
your
English
study
---Not
bad.
But
I
_____
learning
English
grammar.
am
interested
in
B.
am
good
at
C.
have
difficulty
D.
have
no
trouble
---Sam,
my
mobile
phone
is
in
my
bedroom.
Could
you
_____
if
for
me
---No
problem.
bring
B.
get
C.
take
D.
carry
重点句子：
1.
Cindy
is
in
hospital
because
she
suffered
from
serious
illnesses.
2.
She
wanted
to
paint
a
picture
of
the
park
near
her
home.
3.
.I
went
there
and
took
some
photos
of
it
4.
Her
parents
died
in
a
car
accident,
and
she
is
unhappy
and
very
lonely.
5.
He
hurt
his
legs
in
an
accident,
but
he
has
lots
of
courage.
6.
We
need
to
help
children
like
Tim
and
raise
their
spirits.
Grammar
动词不定式
（1）基本形式：
to+动词原形
（在某些情况下可以不带
to）
（2）特点
：
A
.没有人称和数的变化
B
.可以有自己的宾语和状语
C
.有时态和语态的变化（被动语态的形式为
to
be
+
动词过去分词）
D.动词不定式的否定式直接在不定式的前面加not.
（3）动词不定式用法
作主语
动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：
　　
把不定式置于句首。
如：To
get
there
by
bike
will
take
us
half
an
hour.
To
learn
a
foreign
language
is
not
easy.
=
It’s
not
easy
to
learn
a
foreign
language.
(2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。
It
is
good
to
help
others.
帮助他人是件好事。　
It
is
exciting
to
surf
the
Internet.
上网是件令人兴奋的事。
B、作表语
（表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当，它常位于系动词（be,
become,
appear,
seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等词）之后。如果句子的表语也是由一个句子充当的，那么这个充当表语的句子就叫做表语从句）
The
important
thing
is
to
finish
the
work
on
time.
(完成工作)
What
you
have
to
do
now
is
to
clean
the
classroom.
(打扫教室).
C
作宾语
动词
+
to
do
常见动词有
agree,
choose,
decide,
forget,
fail,
go
on,
learn,
hope,
mean
(意味；想要)
need,
offer,
plan,
regret,
require,
remember,
seem,
stop,
try,
wish,
want等
[注意]：部分动词后接不定式与接动名词的含义不同。如stop,
forget,
remember
1.
He
decided
to
buy
(buy)
the
camera.
2.
I
want
to
listen
to
(listen
to)
some
music
after
class.
3.
I
hope
to
travel
(travel)
all
over
the
world
one
day.
2)
动词+疑问代（副）词
+
to
do
I
don’t
know
what
to
do.
（做什么）
how
to
do
it
/
that.
（怎么做）
where
to
go
(去哪里)
when
to
leave
(什么时候出发)
Which
one
to
choose
(选择哪个)
例：I
haven’t
decided
when
to
take
a
holiday
yet.
took
B.
taking
C.
to
take
D.take
3)
动词
+
it(形式宾语）+宾补
+to
do
I
find
it
important
to
learn
English
我发现很难和他好好相处.
I
find
it
hard
to
get
on
well
with
him.
我发现在炎热的夏天很容易入睡.
I
find
it
easy
to
fall
asleep
in
hot
summer.
动词不定式做宾补
1)
动词
+
宾语
+to
do
Li
Mei
asked
me
to
show
her
the
new
dictionary.
注：有以上结构的常用动词有
tell.
wish,
ask,
want，like,
beg(请求),
invite（邀请）,
warn（警告，提醒）,
allow,
encourage,
advise
等。
2)
动词
+
宾语
+
do
(不带
to
的不定式)
注：常用的动词是:感官动词see,
hear,
feel,
watch,
notice；
使役动词
have
,make,
let.（如果将其改成被动语态，必须将不定式符号to还原。）
例：Colors
can
change
our
moods(情绪)
and
make
us
feel
happy
or
sad.
Feel
B.
to
feel
C.
felt
D.
feeling
固定搭配：make
sb.
do
sth.
E、作状语（可以表目的、表结果、表原因）。为了强调目的，
有时可以把不定式放在句首，或在不定式前面加in
order
to…或so
as
not
to…
I
came
here
to
tell
you
good
news.
(
告诉你一个好消息)
She
stydied
hard
to
pass
the
exam.她刻苦学习，以便通过考试。
F、作定语
（必须后置）
我们每天有很多作业要做.
We
have
a
lot
of
homework
to
do
every
day.
我有个好消息要告诉你.
I
have
good
news
to
tell
you.
不带to的不定式结构
以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式:
1.在固定词组had
better之后。注意:had
better的否定形式是had
better
not
do
sth.。例如:
　　You
had
better
go
home
now.你最好现在回家。
It's
cold
outside.
You'd
better
not
go
out.外面很冷,你最好不要出去。
2.will
(would)
you
please之后动词不定式不带to.
Would
you
please
say
it
again
more
slowly
请你再慢慢说它一下好吗？
2.在感官动词see,
watch,
feel,
hear,
look
at,
listen
to和使役动词have,
make,let后要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。例如:
　　I
made
them
give
me
the
money
back.我迫使他们把钱还给我。
　　I
didn't
see
you
come
in.我没看见你进来。
3.在引导疑问句的why
not之后。
"Why
not+不带to的不定式"是Why
don't
you
do…的省略,可以用来提出建议或劝告。例如:
Why
not
take
a
holiday。=Why
don't
you
take
a
holiday。为什么不休个假呢。
Why
not
go
there
with
him
为什么不和他一起去那儿？
在动词help之后做宾语或宾语补足语的不定式，to可省略也可保留。
Will
you
help
me
(to)
move
the
table
请帮我搬一下桌子好吗？
当but,
except,
besides之前有一个实义动词时，这个介词之后的动词不定式不带to.
What
do
you
like
to
do
besides
swim
除了游泳，你还爱好什么？
Quiz
1.
The
workers
want
us
______
together
with
them.
A.
work
B.
working
C.
to
work
D.
worked
2.
There
isn’t
any
difference
between
the
two.
I
really
don’t
know
_________.
A.
where
to
choose
B.
which
to
choose
C.
to
choose
what
D.
to
choose
which
3.
The
teacher
told
them
____make
so
much
noise.
A.
don’t
B.
not
C.
will
not
D.
not
to
4.He
gave
us
some
advice
on
how____
English.
A.
learning
B
.
learned
C.
to
learn
D
.
learn
5.I’m
thirsty.
Would
you
please
give
me
something
________.
A
.drunk
B
.to
drink
C
.to
be
drunk
D
.for
drinking
6.Tom
is
the
first
_____
to
school.
A
.
get
B
.
to
get
C.
getting
D
.
Got
7.
The
boy
wanted
to
ride
his
bicycle
in
the
street,
but
his
mother
told
him
______.
A.
not
to
B.
not
to
do
C.
not
do
it
D.
do
not
to
8.
I
saw
him
_______
out
of
the
room.
A.
go
B.
had
gone
C.
has
gone
D.
goes
9.---_______
more
about
tomorrow’s
weather,
call
121.
---OK,
I
will.
Thank
you.
A.
Know
B.
Knowing
C.
To
know
D.
Known
10.We
must
do
everything
we
can
____
waste
water
from
running
into
rivers.
A.
keep
B.
kept
C.
to
keep
D.
keeping
11.Let’s
____
play
in
the
street.
Father
tells
me
__
do
so.
A.
not
to；not
to
B.
not；not
to
C.
don’t；to
not
D.
not
to；don’t
12.When
I
came
into
the
room,
he
pretended
____
his
homework.
A.
to
do
B.
be
doing
C.
doing
D.
to
be
doing