Module 1 GeniusesUnit 2 Great minds Grammar 导学案

Unit
2
Great
minds
Grammar导学案
【知识要点】
★
必记单词
mind
n.
聪明的人；富有才智的人
astronomer
n.
天文学家
consider
v.
认为；觉得
sense
n.
理解力；判断力
invitation
n.
邀请
pleasure
n.
乐事；快事
avoid
v.
避免；避开
trust
v.
信任；信赖
obey
v.
服从；遵守
reduce
v.
减少；缩小
exactly
adv.
精确的；准确的
action
n.（故事、戏剧等的）情节
★
常考短语
let...down
使……失望
by
heart
单凭记忆；能背诵
take
a
seat
坐下
without
difficulty
轻而易举
join
in
参加；加入
have
no
idea
丝毫不知道
be
in
trouble
处于困境
play
a
joke
on
sb.
和某人开玩笑
★
课文解析
1.
Listen
to
a
radio
programme
about
some
great
minds.
mind在此用作可数名词，意为“聪明的人；富有才智的人”。
【拓展】mind作名词，还可表示“头脑；大脑；智慧；心思”。
常用短语：make
up
one's
mind
下定决心；change
one's
mind
改变主意
Have
you
made
up
your
mind
to
change
your
mind
你下定决心要改变主意了吗？
2.
Many
people
consider
Albert
Einstein
a
genius.
consider及物动词，意为“认为；觉得”。consider
sb./sth.
(as)
sth.
意为“认为某人
/某物是……”。另外，consider后还可接that从句。
He
considers
himself
a
great
man.
他认为自己是一个了不起的人。
They
were
considered
as
heroes.
他们被认为是英雄。
He
considered
that
we
could
do
the
work
well.
他认为我们能做好这项工作。
Lingling
is
considered
to
be
the
top
student.
玲玲被认为是优秀学生。
【拓展】consider还可意为“考虑”，相当于think
about，其后可接名词、代词、动
词-ing形式、从句或“疑问词+不定式”作宾语。
You'd
better
consider
my
suggestion.
你最好考虑一下我的建议。
We
are
considering
going
to
Hainan
for
the
Spring
Festival.
我们在考虑赴海南过春节。
He
has
never
considered
how
to
solve
the
problem.
他从未考虑过如何解决这个问题。
2.
This
story
about
him
shows
that
he
also
had
a
sense
of
humour.
(1)
sense可数名词，意为“理解力；判断力”，通常用单数。
sense
of
humour
幽默感；
sense
of
direction
方向感
(2)
humour不可数名词，意为“幽默”。
I
like
such
stories
full
of
humour.
我喜欢这些幽默的故事。
【拓展】humorous形容词，意为“滑稽有趣的；有幽默感的”
He
has
a
wide
mouth
and
humorous
eyes.
他有一张大大的嘴巴和一双滑稽的眼睛。
3.
Einstein
often
received
invitations
to
explain
his
theories
at
different
unniversities.
(1)
receive及物动词，意为“得到，收到”。
I
have
just
received
his
reply.
我刚刚收到他的回信。
辨析：receive与accept
receive
指客观上“收到”，也可用来表示“接待”和“遭受”。
accept
表示主观上“接受”某人、“承认或赞同”某一看法或理论。
(2)
invitation名词，意为“请柬；邀请”，后常接to
sth.或to
do
sth.
Have
you
received
an
invitation
to
the
party
你收到参加晚会的请柬了吗？
My
father
had
an
invitation
to
visit
his
friend
in
Beijing.
【拓展】invite动词，意为“邀请”。常见用法有：
①invite
sb.
to...
邀请某人去（某地/某一活动）
We
invited
Miss
Gao
to
our
party.
我们邀请高老师来参加我们的聚会。
②invite
sb.
to
do
sth.
邀请某人做某事
They
have
invited
me
to
go
to
Shanghai
with
them.他们邀请我和他们一同去上海。
4.
It's
a
pleasure
to
drive
a
genius
like
you.
pleasure在此用作可数名词，意为“乐事；快事”。“It's
a
pleasure
to
do
sth.”表示
“做某事是一件乐事”。
It's
a
pleasure
to
meet
you.
认识你很高兴。
辨析：pleasure，pleasant与pleased
pleasure
可数名词
“乐事；快事”
不可数名词
“高兴；快乐”，take
pleasure
in
(doing)
sth.
意为“从(做)某事中获得乐趣”
pleasant
形容词
“令人愉快的；宜人的”，通常修饰物
pleased
形容词
“高兴的；愉快的”，主语一般是人。be
pleased
with
“对……感到满意”；be
pleased
to
do
sth.
“乐于做某事”
It's
a
pleasure
to
hear
from
you.
收到你的来信很高兴。
Reading
brings
me
great
pleasure.
读书带给我很大的乐趣。
What
a
pleasant
trip!
多么令人愉快的旅程啊！
The
mother
were
very
pleased
with
her
two
daughters.
母亲对两位女儿很满意。
5.
I
wish
I
could
avoid
giving
my
lecture
tonight,Hans,but
I
don't
want
to
let
my
audience
down.
(1)
avoid动词，意为“避免，避开”。avoid
doing
sth.
“避免做某事”。另外，avoid
后还可接名词或代词作宾语，但不能接动词不定式作宾语。
We
got
up
early
to
avoid
missing
the
early
bus.
我们早起床，以避免错过早班车。
She
tried
to
avoid
all
the
problems.
她尽量避开所有的麻烦。
【拓展】在英语中，有些动词后只能接动名词作宾语，不能接动词不定式。常见
的这类动词有finish,
enjoy,
mind,
avoid,
practise,
miss,
keep,
suggest等。
(2)
lecture可数名词，意为“讲座；演讲”。give
a
lecture意为“讲课；演讲”；attend
a
lecture意为“听讲座”。
The
scientist
gave
a
lecture
to
us.
那位科学家给我们讲课了。
Did
you
attend
the
lecture
on
Mark
Twain
你听了那个关于马克 吐温的讲座了吗？
(3)
let
sb.
down
意为“使/令某人失望”
She
let
us
down
badly
yesterday.
昨天她让我们大失所望。
6.
I
know
what
to
do...
what
to
do为“疑问词+动词不定式”结构，在句中作动词know的宾语。“疑问词
+动词不定式”结构可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。
When
to
start
is
a
problem.
何时动身是个难题。
The
peasants
taught
us
how
to
plant
rice.
农民教我们怎样种稻子。
The
question
was
where
to
go.
问题是去哪里？
7.
I've
listened
to
your
lecture
so
many
times
that
I've
learnt
it
by
heart.
so...that...意为“如此……以至于/以致……”，其中so是副词，用来修饰形容词或
副词。常见结构有：
①so+形容词/副词+that...
English
is
so
important
that
we
must
learn
it
well.
英语是如此重要，我们必须学好它。
②so+many/few+可数名词复数+that...
I
have
made
so
many
mistakes
that
I
can't
pass
the
exam.
③so+much/little(少)+不可数名词+that...
I
have
so
little
money
with
me
that
I
can't
buy
anything.
8.
Now
we're
in
trouble.
(be)
in
trouble意为“处于困境；倒霉”。
If
he
can't
finish
the
work
on
time,
he
will
be
in
trouble.
Don't
laugh
at
people
in
trouble.
【拓展】①have
trouble
with...
在……方面有麻烦/问题
Maybe
you
will
have
trouble
with
your
English,
but
never
give
up.
②have
trouble
(in)
doing
sth.
做某事有困难
I
have
some
trouble
in
reading
her
letter.
9.
That's
such
an
easy
question
that
even
my
driver
can
answer
it.
such...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，与so...that...不同的是，such是形容词，
用来修饰名词。常见结构有：
a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that...=so+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+that...
He
is
such
a
clever
boy
that
everyone
likes
him.
=He
is
so
clever
a
boy
that
everyone
likes
him.
(2)such+形容词+可数名词复数+that...
These
are
such
difficult
maths
problems
that
I
can't
work
them
out.
(3)such+形容词+不可数名词+that...
This
is
such
hard
work
that
few
people
can
finish
it
on
time.
10.
……one
of
the
cleverest
women
in
the
world
one
of
the
cleverest
women意为“最聪明的女人之一”，其结构为“one
of+the+
形容词最高级+可数名词复数”，表示“最……之一”。
Mozart
is
one
of
the
most
famous
musicians
in
the
world.
11.
四花费：spend&pay&take&cost
spend
主语通常是人
①sb.
spend...on
sth.②sb.
spend...(in)
doing
sth
指花费时间或金钱
pay
主语通常是人
sb.
pays
for
sth.
指人为某物支付金钱
take
主语通常是it
It
takes
sb.
some
time
to
do
sth.
指花费时间
cost
主语通常是物
sth.
costs
(sb.)
some
money
指花费金钱
My
elder
brother
spends
a
lot
of
money
on
books
every
year.
Do
you
usually
spend
all
your
free
time
(in)
studying
How
much
did
you
pay
for
the
food
It
takes
us
an
hour
to
practise
playing
basketball
every
day.
The
skirt
cost
me
30
yuan.
12.
I'll
give
you
some
advice.
advice为不可数名词，意为“建议；意见”。常用表达：
a/one
piece
of
advice
一条建议；some
advice
一些建议
【拓展】①advice的常用搭配：
give
sb.
some
advice/give
some
advice
to
sb.
给某人提一些建议
ask
for
advice
征求意见
follow/take
one's
advice
接受某人的建议
②advise动词，意为“建议”，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语，也可用
于advise
sb.
(not)
to
do
sth.结构，意为“建议某人（不要）做某事”。
She
advised
us
to
wait
one
more
day.
她建议我们再等一天。
13.
Why
don't
you... =Why
not
do... 通常用于征求意见、提建议，而不是表示疑问，
意为“你（们）为什么不做……”
Why
don't
you
ask
the
policeman
=Why
not
ask
the
policeman
【拓展】英语中表示建议的常用句型还有：
①What/How
about...
……怎么样？
What/How
about
going
fishing
②Would
you
like...
你想要……吗？
Would
you
like
something
to
drink
③Let's...!
让我们……吧！
Let's
play
a
game!
④You'd
better...
你最好……
You'd
better
stay
at
home
on
such
a
hot
day.
【能力提升】
Ⅰ.英汉互译。
1.
做演讲
2.
转折点
3.
处于困境
4.
肩并肩
5.
去……的路上
6.
have
no
idea
7.
a
series
of
8.
play
a
joke
on
sb.
9.
let
sb.
down
10.
by
heart
Ⅱ.英英释义。
1.
You
should
cheer
up
and
not
let
your
parent
down.
A.
make
your
parents
happy
B.
make
your
parents
excited
C.
make
your
parents
angry
D.
make
your
parents
disappointed
2.
People
usually
make
fun
of
their
friends
on
April
Fool's
Day.
A.
play
jokes
on
B.
have
fun
with
C.
play
with
D.
tell
some
jokes
to
3.
We
will
take
part
in
social
practise
during
the
summer
vacation.
A.
join
B.
join
in
C.
be
in
D.
do
4.
I
avoided
him
as
much
as
possible.
A.
keep
away
from
B.
put
away
from
C.
give
away
from
D.
throw
away
from
5.
I
don't
quite
catch
what
you
said
at
the
meeting.
A.
miss
B.
hear
C.
have
D.
understand
Ⅲ.根据句意及首字母或汉语提示写出单词，完成句子。
1.
My
brother
is
interested
in
the
u
.
He
wants
to
be
an
astronomer
when
he
grows
up.
2.
As
a
student,
you
should
o
the
school
rules.
3.
We're
going
to
have
a
party
at
Danny's
house
(今晚）
4.
You
look
(苍白的).What’s
the
matter
with
you
5.
Mr
Wang
didn't
accept
our
(邀请）to
the
meeting.
6.
We
should
help
those
people
in
(困境).
7.
He
says
he
has
a
wonderful
sense
of
h
.
8.
Peter
won
an
a
for
his
wonderful
performance
in
the
show.
9.
I've
listened
to
your
l
so
many
times
that
I've
leant
it
by
heart.
Ⅳ.用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。
1.
Confucius
is
one
of
the
greatest
(mind)
in
the
world.
2.
I
improve
my
Chinese
by
(read)
lots
of
books.
3.
Alice,
you
must
avoid
(make)
such
mistakes
next
time.
4.
He
described
his
travel
in
South
America
in
a
(humour)
way.
5.
The
lady
refused
his
(invite)
to
the
dinner
party.
6.
Einstein
took
a
seat,
listened
to
Hans
give
his
lecture
without
(difficult).
7.
He
decided
(write)
poems
at
the
age
of
14.
8.
It's
my
(please)
to
help
you
with
the
luggage(行李).
Ⅴ.单项选择。
1.
She
was
___________
shocked
____________
speak.
A.
so;
that
B.
too;
that
C.
so;
to
D.
too;
to
2.
He
has
made
a
decision
___________
a
scientist.
A.
to
become
B.
becomes
C.
becoming
D.
became
3.
Deming
will
have
_______
next
month.
He
is
going
to
go
abroad.
A.
a
8-day-holiday
B.
a
8
days
holiday
C.
an
8-days
holiday
D.
an
8-day
holiday
4.
Paul
is
funny.
He
often
plays
jokes
his
classmates.
A.
at
B.
to
C.
for
D.
on
5.
If
you
don’t
study
hard,
you’ll
your
parents
.
A.
let;
down
B.
write;
down
C.
look;
up
D.
cheer;
up
6.
---I
feel
a
bit
hungry
now.
---Why
for
dinner
with
us
A.
not
you
go
B.
don’t
you
go
C.
not
to
go
D.
don’t
go
7.
It
is
hard
work,
but
we’ll
keep
until
we
make
it.
A.
try
B.
tried
C.
trying
D.
to
try
8.
David
is
to
carry
the
heavy
bag.
A.
strong
enough
B.
enough
strong
C.
weak
enough
D.
enough
weak
9.
Beijing
has
many
cars
that
there
is
often
traffic
jam
in
rush
hours.
A.
so
B.
very
C.
too
D.
such
10.
It
was
________
speech
that
I
fell
asleep.
A.
so
a
boring
B.
so
boring
C.
such
boring
a
D.
such
a
boring
Ⅵ.从方框中选择适当的单词填空，补全句子。
take;
spend;
pay;
cost
1.
She
________
two
hours
cleaning
the
house
yesterday.
2.
I
________
ten
yuan
for
the
new
pencil
box.
3.
The
computer
________
me
1500
yuan.
4.
It
________
them
three
weeks
to
look
for
the
missing
kid.
Ⅶ.同义句转换
1.
Linda
is
so
friendly
a
girl
that
all
of
us
like
her.
Linda
is
a
friendly
girl
all
of
us
like
her.
2.
How
did
they
get
to
the
bus
stop
yesterday
How
did
they
the
bus
stop
yesterday
3.
I
spent
20
minutes
writing
down
the
words.
took
me
20
minutes
down
the
words.
4.
Daming
had
to
look
after
his
brother
at
home.
Daming
had
to
his
brother
at
home.
5.
Bill
left
school
when
he
was
12
years
old.
Bill
left
school
12.
Unit
2
Great
minds
(2)
Date:_______
name:_______
【语法专项】—动词不定式
动词不定式的基本含义是表示目的或是未来要发生的动作。基本结构为“to+动词原形”(to有时可以省略)。在句中除不能充当谓语外，其他成分都可充当。如：主语、表语、宾语、状语、宾语补足语、定语等。本单元主要学习动词不定式作定语、主语和表语。
一、动词不定式作定语
动词不定式做定语放在它所修饰的词之后，做后置定语。不定式可与被修饰词构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾关系。
He
is
always
the
first（person）to
come
to
school.
（主谓关系）
她总是第一个到学校（的人）。
I'm
the
only
man
to
hear
the
news.
我是唯一一个听到这个消息的人。（主谓关系）
I
have
a
letter
to
answer.
我有封信要回。（动宾关系）
二、动词不定式作主语
　动词不定式作主语时，常常用it作形式主语，放在句子的开头；真正的主语—动词不定式短语置于句末，以避免“头重脚轻”。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首。
It
is
necessary
to
study
hard.
=
To
study
hard
is
necessary.
努力学习是有必要的。
It
is
his
duty
to
help
the
poor.
=
To
help
the
poor
is
his
duty.
帮助穷人是他的责任。
【拓展】用it代替动词不定式作主语的常考句型：
1、It
+
be
+
形容词（+
of/
for
sb.）+
to
do
sth
当形容词是与事物的特征有关的词时，如easy,
difficult,
hard,
important,
necessary
等，在不定式前面用for引出逻辑主语。但如果形容词是kind,
nice,
right,
wrong,
polite,
rude,
clever,
foolish,
careful,
careless
等描述人的性格、品质的词时，应在不定式前用
of引出逻辑主语。
It’s
very
kind
of
you
to
do
that.
你那样做真好。
It’s
necessary
for
the
students
to
do
eye
exercises
twice
a
day.
2、It
takes
sb.
some
time
to
do
sth.
本句型表示“做某事花费某人多少时间”或“某人花费多少时间做某事”。
It
takes
him
half
an
hour
to
do
his
homework
every
day.
他每天花半个小时做他的家庭作业。
3、It
+
be
+名词
+
动词不定式。
It
was
great
fun
to
have
a
party
there.
在那里举行聚会很有意思。
It
was
a
great
pleasure
work
with
you.
和你们一起工作非常愉快。
三、动词不定式做表语
动词不定式常在be
动词后作表语，主语通常是dream,
wish,
job
等词。
Her
wish
is
to
be
a
teacher.
=
To
be
a
teacher
is
her
wish.
她的愿望是当一名老师。
Our
job
is
to
look
after
the
animals.
=
To
look
after
the
animals
is
our
job.
我们的工作是照顾那些动物。

【语法专练】
一、单项选择。
1.
—Why
don’t
you
go
out
to
play,
Rose
—I’m
afraid
I
can't.
I
have
much
homework
.
A.
do
B.
does
C.
doing
D.
to
do
2.
—I
often
have
hamburgers
for
lunch.
—You’d
better
not.
It's
bad
for
you
too
much
junk
food.
A.
eat
B.
to
eat
C.
eating
D.
ate
3.
It
took
us
two
hours
writing
this
report.
A.
to
finish
B.
finish
C.
finish
D.
finishing
4.
Many
animals
have
no
place
because
our
villages
and
farms
are
growing
bigger.
A.
lived
B.
living
C.
to
be
living
D.
to
live
5.
It’ll
be
cheap
everywhere
by
plane
in
the
future.
A.
travel
B.
travels
C.
travelling
D.
to
travel
6.
My
wish
is
a
house
of
my
own.
A.
to
have
B.
for
having
C.
have
D.
of
having
7.
Would
you
like
something

A.
drink
B.
drinking
C.
to
drink
D.
drinks
8.
He
is
an
easy
man
.
A.
get
on
B.
to
get
on
C.
get
on
with
D.
to
get
on
with
9.
It's
our
duty
the
room
every
day.
A.
to
clean
B.
cleaned
C.
clean
D.
cleans
10.
He
loves
praise.
He
is
always
the
first
and
the
last
.
A.
of
coming
;
of
leaving
B.
comes;
leaves
C.
to
come;
to
leave
D.
coming;
leaving
11.
There
is
nothing
.
A.
to
worry
B.
to
worry
about
C.
worry
D.
worry
about
12.
It
is
careless
the
same
mistake
in
your
composition
.
A.
for
you
to
make
B.
for
you
making
C.
of
you
to
make
D.
of
you
making
13.
______
with
him
is
a
great
pleasure.
A.
To
talk
B.
Talk
C.
Talked
D.
To
talking
14.
The
chair
looks
very
old,
I
want
a
new
one
.
A.
sit
B.
to
sit
on
C.
sat
D.
sit
on
15.
is
useful
for
our
health.
A.
Do
morning
exercises
B.
To
do
morning
exercises
C.
Morning
exercises
D.
Morning
exercises
done
二、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.
他的梦想是成为一名科学家。
His
dream
is
a
scientist.
2.
这是一个娱乐的好地方。
This
is
a
good
place
.
一言辨异
He
received
a
gift
but
he
didn't
accept
it.
他收到了一件礼物，但他没有接受。
1、如果动词不定式与所修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关系且动词为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点，工具等，应有必要的介词。
He
found
a
good
house
to
live
in.
他找到了一个居住的好房子。
The
child
has
nothing
to
worry
about.
这个孩子没有什么可担心的。
2、如果动词不定式修饰time,
place,
way
等，可以省略介词。
He
has
no
place
to
live.
他没有地方住。
3、如果动词不定式所修饰的词是不定式动作的承受者，不定式可以用主动式，也可以用被动式。
Have
you
got
anything
to
send
=
Have
you
got
anything
to
be
send

你有什么东西要寄吗？
意
注