2026年中考英语专题复习讲义——词性转换（含答案）

中考英语专题复习讲义——词性转换
词性转换是中考英语的核心考点，涉及名词、动词、形容词、副词等词类的相互转化。掌握常见词缀和转换规则，能显著提升词汇运用能力。本讲义通过用法精讲、典型例题和分层训练，助力考生攻克难点。
考点1：形容词 → 副词（-ly后缀）
用法精讲：
多数形容词加-ly变为副词（如quick → quickly），但需注意：
以-y结尾的形容词，变-y为-i再加-ly（如happy → happily）。
以-le结尾的形容词，去-e加-y（如gentle → gently）。
典型例题：
She is a ______ (careful) driver. She drives ______.
→答案：careful; carefully
The children played ______ (happy) in the park.
→答案：happily
举一反三：
He spoke ______ (angry) to his friend.
The bird sings ______ (beautiful).
She solved the problem ______ (easy).
考点2：动词 → 名词（-tion/-ment/-ance等后缀）
用法精讲：
-tion（如invent → invention）
-ment（如develop → development）
-ance/-ence（如appear → appearance）
典型例题：
His ______ (invite) made me happy.
→答案：invitation
The ______ (achieve) of this project took years.
→答案：achievement
举一反三：
We need your ______ (suggest).
Her ______ (perform) was amazing.
The ______ (exist) of life on Mars is unknown.
考点3：名词 → 形容词（-ful/-less/-al等后缀）
用法精讲：
-ful表示“充满”（如beauty → beautiful）
-less表示“无”（如hope → hopeless）
-al（如nation → national）
典型例题：
The view was ______ (beauty).
→答案：beautiful
This is a ______ (nation) holiday.
→答案：national
举一反三：
She is always ______ (help) to others.
His injury left him ______ (pain).
The ______ (nature) resources are limited.
考点4：动词 → 形容词（-able/-ive/-ing等后缀）
用法精讲：
-able表示“可被…的”（如rely → reliable）
-ive（如act → active）
-ing表主动意义（如excite → exciting）
典型例题：
This news is ______ (excite)!
→答案：exciting
Solar power is ______ (renew).
→答案：renewable
举一反三：
The movie was ______ (bore).
His idea was very ______ (create).
The problem is ______ (solve).
考点5：形容词 → 名词（-ity/-ness后缀）
用法精讲：
-ity（如active → activity）
-ness（如kind → kindness）
典型例题：
Regular ______ (active) keeps you healthy.
→答案：activity
Her ______ (ill) prevented her from coming.
→答案：illness
举一反三：
His ______ (curious) led to new discoveries.
We appreciate your ______ (willing) to help.
The ______ (dark) made it hard to see.
考点6：前缀改变词义（un-/dis-/im-等）
用法精讲：
前缀改变词义但不改变词类：
un-（如happy → unhappy）
dis-（如agree → disagree）
im-（如possible → impossible）
典型例题：
It’s ______ (possible) to finish in one day.
→答案：impossible
She ______ (like) the new design.
→答案：dislikes
举一反三：
His answer was ______ (correct).
The story is ______ (believable).
The door was ______ (locked).
考点7：基数词 → 序数词
用法精讲：
基数词变序数词规则：
一般加-th（如six → sixth）
特殊变化：one → first,two → second,three → third。
典型例题：
This is her ______ (five) birthday.
→答案：fifth
He won the ______ (one) prize.
→答案：first
举一反三：
December is the ______ (twelve) month.
Her ______ (three) attempt succeeded.
This is the ______ (nine) time I’ve called.
考点8：动词 → 名词（-er/-or后缀表“人”）
用法精讲：
-er（如teach → teacher）
-or（如visit → visitor）
典型例题：
My father is a ______ (farm).
→答案：farmer
The ______ (direct) of the film is famous.
→答案：director
举一反三：
The ______ (write) signed my book.
She is a computer program ______ (design).
The ______ (invent) of the telephone changed the world.
考点9：复合词转换
用法精讲：
通过合成新词改变词性：
名词 + 名词（如toothbrush）
形容词 + 名词（如blackboard）
典型例题：
She has a ______ (bath) room.
→答案：bathroom
This is a ______ (sun) day.
→答案：sunny
举一反三：
He bought a ______ (note) book.
The ______ (rain) season is coming.
This ______ (fire) works display is amazing.
考点10：零变化转化
用法精讲：
部分词无需变化即可转换词性：
名词→动词（如water → to water）
动词→名词（如walk → a walk）
典型例题：
Please ______ (mail) this letter for me.
→答案：mail
We went for a ______ (walk) in the park.
→答案：walk
举一反三：
He ______ (name) his son Leo.
The ______ (dream) came true.
She ______ (fish) every weekend.
模拟闯关训练
She looked at me ______ (angry).
A. angry B. angrily C. anger
His ______ (decide) surprised everyone.
A. decide B. decision C. decisive
The ______ (sun) made the room warm.
A. sun B. sunny C. sunshine
It’s ______ (possible) to predict the future.
A. unpossible B. impossible C. impossibility
She is the ______ (one) to finish the race.
A. one B. first C. firstly
He works as a computer ______ (program).
A. program B. programmer C. programming
The ______ (child) are playing outside.
A. childs B. children C. childhood
This medicine is ______ (effect) against colds.
A. effect B. effective C. effectively
The ______ (develop) of technology is rapid.
A. develop B. development C. developed
Her ______ (kind) touched my heart.
A. kind B. kindly C. kindness
The ______ (excite) crowd cheered loudly.
A. excited B. exciting C. excitement
He ______ (success) in solving the problem.
A. success B. successful C. succeeded
The ______ (dark) frightened the children.
A. dark B. darker C. darkness
______ (unlike) his brother, he loves sports.
A. Unlike B. Dislike C. Unlikely
She ______ (beauty) the room with flowers.
A. beauty B. beautiful C. beautified
【答案】
B（修饰动词looked需用副词angrily）
B（动词decide→ 名词decision）
B（作定语修饰名词room，用形容词sunny）
B（形容词possible→ 反义词impossible）
B（基数词one→ 序数词first）
B（动词program→ 表人的名词programmer）
B（名词复数不规则变化child → children）
B（名词effect→ 形容词effective）
B（动词develop→ 名词development）
C（形容词kind→ 名词kindness）
A（修饰名词crowd用形容词excited，表“感到兴奋的”）
C（名词success→ 动词succeed，过去式succeeded）
C（形容词dark→ 名词darkness）
A（前缀un-表否定，形容词→介词unlike）
C（名词beauty→ 动词beautify，过去式beautified）
【举一反三答案】
考点1
angrily
beautifully
easily
考点2
suggestion
performance
existence
考点3
helpful
painless
natural
考点4
boring
creative
solvable
考点5
curiosity
willingness
darkness
考点6
incorrect
unbelievable
unlocked
考点7
twelfth
third
ninth
考点8
writer
designer
inventor
考点9
notebook
rainy
fireworks
考点10
named
dream
fishes