通过对近三年高考全国卷英语阅读七选五的研究和分析，我们发现阅读七选五具有以下特点：
1.选文特点以说明文为主 2025年全国Ⅰ卷和2024年新高考Ⅰ卷分别出现了记叙文和夹叙夹议文，体现出反规律化命题趋向 ，一般为“总—分”或“总—分—总”结构。话题与社会生活紧密相关，人文气息浓厚，引导学生积极向上、关注社会、热爱生活。
2．设空位置设空的位置多数集中在段中，主要考查上下文的逻辑关系。段首、段尾设空题主要考查主题句、过渡句或结论性语句。
3．选项特点一致性：正确选项通常与文章的整体内容、语气及结构保持一致；,干扰项：常包含与文章事实不相符的信息，或者使用了与文章不一致的语气或风格。
4．短文长度阅读材料一般是一篇310词左右的短文，其中正文250词左右，备选项60词左右，且选项按照由短到长的顺序依次排列。
第一讲 析题明向—理清行文脉络，关注空格位置
一、理清语篇架构，把握段间逻辑关系
阅读七选五注重对考生行文结构能力的考查。高考所选语篇通常以说明文为主，结构严谨，段落层次分明。篇章以“总—分(—总)”结构最为常见。把握整体结构和段际关系，对于小标题设空类或者主旨句设空类题目的解答大有帮助。但是，2025年全国Ⅰ卷和2024年新高考Ⅰ卷分别出现了记叙文和夹叙夹议文，对于不熟悉记叙文语篇模式的考生来说，无疑增加了解题的难度。
(一)阅读七选五常见的说明文语篇结构
[例1] “总—分—总”结构
(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I'm often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey.Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer.I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete beginner.So I've put together some good tips for starting an art journey.
·Start small.I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies.These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future.__36__ You'll want to look back on your journey to see how far you've come.
·Paint often and paint from life.There's no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles.Whether you paint still lives, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible.__37__
·Continually challenge yourself to try something new.__38__ Artistic growth can be a bit painful.Welcome to the club; we've all been there.I love taking on challenges.I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online.
·__39__ Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth.I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people.They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability.
The journey you're on won't follow a straight path.__40__ Push through, give it time and put in the effort.You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.
A．Get out of your comfort zone.
B．Make career plans and set goals.
C．Don't throw away your beginner art.
D．Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E．You'll hit roadblocks, and you'll feel discouraged at times.
F．Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G．You'll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
[理清文脉]
[思维定向]
该篇文章是典型的“总—分—总”结构，据此，我们可以快速地从选项中选出第39、40题的答案。
第39题根据空处所在的位置可知，空处是本段的主题句。观察其他段落的主题句的句式均为肯定祈使句，故可缩小选择范围至A项、B项、C项、D项和F项。根据本段中的“Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial ...They make me feel valued and respected”可知，本段讲到了可以利用社交媒体寻求建设性的反馈以及这样做的好处，故D项“如果这样做让你觉得舒服，请分享你的作品”适合作本段的主题句。
第40题设空为全文总结的一部分，即艺术旅程的现实——充满挑战与挫折。E项承上启下，符合语境。
[参考答案] 36～40 CGADE
1．叙事模式：
“开端—发展—高潮—结局”或
“开端—发展—高潮—结局—升华主题”；
2．非传统叙事模式：
——或
———等。
(二)阅读七选五常见的记叙文语篇结构
[例2] 非传统叙事模式：
——
(2025·全国Ⅰ卷) An Unsung Hero
Need a break between classes or just a quick pick me up in the morning The College Cafe has just that, and more.__36__
Catherine Murphy, a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat, makes sure that each customer gets exactly what they order.She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks.__37__ As the customer grabs the drink from her hand, she smiles and says, “Hello, how is your day？” Even when the line is getting longer, she doesn't let it get in the way of her genuine conversations.
Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time.__38__ “I do so because I like to make coffee for the students.I know they need it in the morning，” Murphy said.Being a mother and wife has helped her become the woman she is.She believes she is here to serve.
One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious (有感染力) and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her.Joanna Wright, a senior political science major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week.__39__ “Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, which always puts me in a cheerful mood，” Wright said.
“I enjoy working in the cafe，” Murphy said.__40__ She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves.
A．The cafe closes at 9 pm every day.
B．She has two children aged eight and four.
C．Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early.
D．After finishing an order, she calls out the name on the cup.
E．Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles.
F．Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class.
G．She has served here for 17 years and can't imagine working anywhere else.
[理清文脉]
[思维定向]
该篇文章是典型的非传统叙事模式中的“引出主题—解释和论证主题—深化并呼应主题”结构。据此，我们可以快速地从选项中选出第36、40题的答案。
第36题设空在首段，一般为文章“引出主题”的段落。前一句介绍College Cafe除提供课间休息的场所和提神的饮品外，还有更多的东西。下一段开始描述员工Catherine Murphy的具体服务细节，解释、论证主题。E项“这家咖啡馆不仅提供饮品，还提供微笑”正是本文首段所引出的主题。故选E项。
第40题设空在尾段，一般为记叙文“深化并呼应主题”的段落。结尾引用Murphy的自白(“对工作的热爱”)，通过G项“工作17年，不愿离开”深化主题——平凡岗位的坚守与热爱，呼应开篇“微笑服务”的核心立意。
[参考答案] 36～40 EDCFG
二、依据空格位置，把握思维趋向
(一)“段首题”的题目类型及思维趋向
段落标题句 观察其他段落标题的表达形式
段落标题特点：短小精悍，以祈使句或短语为主
阅读段落内容，提炼中心词，留意体现主旨的原词、同源词、同义词、近义词或反义词等
段落主题句 认真阅读下文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关词，推断主题句
段落间过渡句 “瞻前顾后”找启示，正确答案应衔接上一段结尾并引起下一段内容
[例1] (2025·全国Ⅱ卷·节选)
__39__
Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self confidence.These effects aren't just short term but have been proved to affect a teen's well being in the years to come.
B．Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need.
C．Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers.
D．Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice.
G．Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day.
[分析] 本题考查段首主题句。考生在做题前，先整体观察文章结构，紧接着观察每一部分(段落)开头是否是主题句。一般情况下，这些主题句往往句式相同，并且有的加黑，有的前面往往有实心圆点或其他标记。如果此时设空处恰好处于段首的位置，则该处一般考查段落主题句，这样就可根据本段内容做出选择。节选段落讨论的是青少年时期做志愿者带来的长期积极影响。C项“志愿服务对孩子和青少年有终生的影响”概括了段落内容，符合语境。
[例2] (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选)
Parisians are different from you and me.They never look lazy or untidy.As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight.38.The_food_is_so_delicious_that_you_don't_need_much_of_it_to_make_you_happy. French strawberries do not taste like cardboard.Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
__39__ On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries.I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon.My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten.But they cost D|S18!
B．The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
E．That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
[分析] 本题考查段落间过渡句。上一段讲到法国人吃得少的原因之一是食物非常美味，无需太多就可以心满意足，而第39题设空处之后则讲述了法国人吃得少的另一个原因——水果价格昂贵。分析选项可知，E项承上启下，符合语境，且该项中的“That”指代上文论述过的原因。
(二)“段中题”的题目类型及思维趋向
细节句 阅读各个选项，标记关键词，包括关联词。利用关键词的比较、匹配，确定选项
利用词汇复现确定选项
利用表示并列、转折、让步和因果关系等的关联词确定选项
过渡句 阅读设空前后内容，挖掘内在逻辑关系
阅读各个选项，标记表示转折、并列、让步或因果关系等的关联词
注意词汇复现：同源、同义、近义或反义词复现，不同时态的动词形式等
[例1] (2025·全国Ⅰ卷·节选)
One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious (有感染力) and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her.Joanna Wright, a senior political science major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week.__39__ “Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, which always puts me in a cheerful mood，” Wright said.
“I enjoy working in the cafe，” Murphy said.__40__ She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves.
B．She has two children aged eight and four.
C．Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early.
D．After finishing an order, she calls out the name on the cup.
F．Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class.
G．She has served here for 17 years and can't imagine working anywhere else.
[分析] 第39题设空类型属于段中细节句。上文介绍学生Joanna常去咖啡馆，下文引用其对Murphy的评价，F项解释Joanna 去咖啡馆的原因(让一天有好的开始)，属于补充人物行为动机的细节句。
第40题设空类型属于段中细节句。上文Murphy提到“喜欢在咖啡馆工作”，下文说“打算继续留在这里工作”，G项以“工作17年”和“不想去别处”补充其对工作的热爱与坚持。
[例2] (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选)
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was：“You'll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym，” while another read：“__36__” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition.
A．Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
C．You'll work harder if you train with someone else.
[分析] 本题设空类型属于段中过渡句。空前一句提到与人一起去锻炼，空后说有一个锻炼伙伴，你会更加努力，因为存在微妙的竞争。选项C“如果你和别人一起训练，你会更努力”承上启下，符合语境。选项C中的关键词“someone else”分别对应上文的“someone is waiting for you”和下文的“a workout partner”。
(三)“段尾题”的题目类型及思维趋向
总结句 阅读空前段落内容并加以总结，抓住主旨，并利用词汇复现等技巧选出正确选项。注意总结性词语，如therefore，thus, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等
细节句 空前一句或两句是重点语句，应仔细阅读
锁定空前重点语句中的关键词和体现逻辑关系的关联词
寻找选项中是否有表示逻辑关系的关联词
过渡句 “瞻前顾后”找启示，关注本段首句和下一段首句
分析空前重点语句，结合下一段开头，留意关联词和关键词
所选答案能衔接上下段内容
[例1] (2024·新高考Ⅱ卷·节选)
·Choose mindfully.Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they're special.With so many online posts featuring the same places, it's easy to feel like you're missing out.Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you.__37__
C．Travel for you and no one else.
E．You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F．You'll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it.
[分析] 本题设空类型属于段尾总结句。根据本段首句可知，本段建议人们要谨慎地选择旅行地点。根据本段第三句可知，人们可能会担心错过什么而跟风去某地旅行；再根据空前“只有当一个地方的风景、文化或食物深深吸引你时，才去那里”可知，旅行地的选择应基于个人的真实兴趣，与他人无关。C项对上文内容作出了总结。
[例2] (2023·全国甲卷·节选)
Tricks To Becoming A More Patient Person
Here's a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common There's one answer: __36__.
In the Digital Age, we're used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips.However, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we'd be a whole lot better off.Here are several tricks.
D．All this adds up to a state of hurry
G．They're all situations where we could use a little extra patience
[分析] 本题设空类型属于段尾细节句。根据空前的“There's one answer”可知，本空要回答前面的问题“What do traffic ...have in common？”根据文章标题和常识可知，所问的三种情况都需要人们多点耐心，故G项“这些都是我们需要多一点耐心的情况”符合语境。G项中的“They”指代上文提到的“traffic jams”“long lines”和“waiting for a vacation to start”，并且“patience”也是文章标题中的主题词汇Patient的同源词。
[例3] (2025·全国Ⅰ卷·节选)
Need a break between classes or just a quick pick me up in the morning The College Cafe has just that, and more.__36__
Catherine Murphy, a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat, makes sure that each customer gets exactly what they order.She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks.37.After_finishing_an_order,_she_calls_out_the_name_on_the_cup. As the customer grabs the drink from her hand, she smiles and says, “Hello, how is your day？” Even when the line is getting longer, she doesn't let it get in the way of her genuine conversations.
A．The cafe closes at 9 pm every day.
E．Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles.
[分析] 本题设空类型属于首段段尾过渡句。节选段设空处前一句介绍College Cafe除提供课间休息的场所和提神的饮品外，还有更多的东西。设空处应还是关联College Cafe的相关情况，进而引出设空处后的下一段开始描述其员工Catherine Murphy的具体服务细节。由此可知，空处应承接上文并引出下文，应填入一个衔接过渡句。故E项“这家咖啡馆不仅提供饮品，还提供微笑”符合语境。
(2025·石家庄二模)Motivating yourself is hard.If you've ever failed to reach an attainable goal because of delay or lack of commitment, I encourage you to read on.__1__
Any goals you set for yourself should be specific.Studies have shown, for example, that when individuals make daily exercise commitments, they're more likely to increase their fitness levels.__2__ For instance，“walking 10,000 steps a day” is much better than “doing your best”．
Some tasks are extremely challenging.In such cases, it can be helpful to create external motivators for yourself over the short to medium term.You might promise yourself a vacation for finishing a project or buy yourself a gift for losing weight.__3__ For instance, rewarding weight loss with junk food sets back progress.
When people work towards a goal, they usually start with strong motivation but then their effort decreases in the middle, when they are most likely to stop.__4__ If you divide your goal into smaller steps, like setting weekly instead of three month targets, you'll have less time to fall into that unwanted decline.
__5__ The people who will best motivate you to accomplish certain tasks are not necessarily those who do the tasks well.Instead, they're folks who share a big picture goal with you.Thinking of those people and our desire to succeed on their behalf can help provide the powerful motivation we need to reach our goals.A woman may find boring work rewarding if she feels she is providing an example for her daughter.
A．These approaches can help drive you forward.
B．As social beings, we can use social influence wisely.
C．But external rewards can backfire if mismatched with goals.
D．Luckily, shortening the middle can help change this pattern.
E．Concrete tasks are usually more effective than abstract ambitions.
F．Support from loved ones can turn boring tasks into meaningful acts.
G．Research has uncovered several ways to help you design smart rewards.
?理清文脉很重要
“总—分”结构
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四种激励自我、实现目标的方法，即设定具体目标、合理利用外部激励因素、分解目标、利用社会影响力。
[答题区] 1～5____________
第一讲 析题明向
?解题深究“所以然”
1．选A 本题考查段尾过渡句。上文讲“如果你曾因为拖延或缺乏决心而未能实现一个本可以达成的目标，我劝你继续读下去”，下文给出了四种实现目标的方法，A项“这些方法可以帮助你向前迈进”承上启下，符合语境。
2．选E 本题考查段中细节句。本段建议设定具体目标。E项“具体的任务通常比抽象的抱负更有效”符合本段主旨，且空后的例子正是对E项的举例说明。
3．选C 本题考查段中过渡句。上文讨论了利用外部激励因素的作用，空后举例说用垃圾食品来奖励减肥会让减肥进展倒退。C项“但如果外部奖励与目标不匹配，可能会适得其反”与上文构成转折关系，且对应空后的例子。
4．选D 本题考查段中过渡句。上文讲人们在追求一个目标时，初期动力强，中期容易放弃，D项“幸运的是，缩短中间阶段有助于改变这种模式”给出了解决这一问题的建议，且与后文的例子对应。选项中的“this pattern”指代空前一句的内容。
5．选B 本题考查段首主旨句。下文讲与你有共同宏观目标的人可以提供强大的动力，帮助你实现目标，强调了社会影响对目标实现的作用，B项“作为社会人，我们可以明智地利用社会影响力”能概括本段的主旨。
1 / 11(共51张PPT)
专题二 阅读七选五
通过对近三年高考全国卷英语阅读七选五的研究和分析，我们发现阅读七选五具有以下特点：
1.选文特点以说明文为主(2025年全国Ⅰ卷和2024年新高考Ⅰ卷分别出现了记叙文和夹叙夹议文，体现出反规律化命题趋向)，一般为“总—分”或“总—分—总”结构。话题与社会生活紧密相关，人文气息浓厚，引导学生积极向上、关注社会、热爱生活。
把握考情
2．设空位置设空的位置多数集中在段中，主要考查上下文的逻辑关系。段首、段尾设空题主要考查主题句、过渡句或结论性语句。
3．选项特点一致性：正确选项通常与文章的整体内容、语气及结构保持一致；,干扰项：常包含与文章事实不相符的信息，或者使用了与文章不一致的语气或风格。
4．短文长度阅读材料一般是一篇310词左右的短文，其中正文250词左右，备选项60词左右，且选项按照由短到长的顺序依次排列。
第一讲
析题明向—理清行文脉络，
关注空格位置
一、理清语篇架构，把握段间逻辑关系
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阅读七选五注重对考生行文结构能力的考查。高考所选语篇通常以说明文为主，结构严谨，段落层次分明。篇章以“总—分(—总)”结构最为常见。把握整体结构和段际关系，对于小标题设空类或者主旨句设空类题目的解答大有帮助。但是，2025年全国Ⅰ卷和2024年新高考Ⅰ卷分别出现了记叙文和夹叙夹议文，对于不熟悉记叙文语篇模式的考生来说，无疑增加了解题的难度。
(一)阅读七选五常见的说明文语篇结构
[例1] “总—分—总”结构
(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I'm often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey.Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer.I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete beginner.So I've put together some good tips for starting an art journey.
·Start small.I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies.These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. 36 You'll want to look back on your journey to see how far you've come.
·Paint often and paint from life.There's no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles.Whether you paint still lives, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. 37
·Continually challenge yourself to try something new. 38 Artistic growth can be a bit painful.Welcome to the club; we've all been there.I love taking on challenges.I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online.
· 39 Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth.I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people.They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability.
The journey you're on won't follow a straight path. 40 Push through, give it time and put in the effort.You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.
A．Get out of your comfort zone.
B．Make career plans and set goals.
C．Don't throw away your beginner art.
D．Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E．You'll hit roadblocks, and you'll feel discouraged at times.
F．Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G．You'll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
[理清文脉]
[思维定向]
该篇文章是典型的“总—分—总”结构，据此，我们可以快速地从选项中选出第39、40题的答案。
第39题根据空处所在的位置可知，空处是本段的主题句。观察其他段落的主题句的句式均为肯定祈使句，故可缩小选择范围至A项、B项、C项、D项和F项。根据本段中的“Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial ...They make me feel valued and respected”可知，本段讲到了可以利用社交媒体寻求建设性的反馈以及这样做的好处，故D项“如果这样做让你觉得舒服，请分享你的作品”适合作本段的主题句。
第40题设空为全文总结的一部分，即艺术旅程的现实——充满挑战与挫折。E项承上启下，符合语境。
参考答案：36～40 CGADE
1．叙事模式：
“开端—发展—高潮—结局”或
“开端—发展—高潮—结局—升华主题”；
2．非传统叙事模式：
(二)阅读七选五常见的记叙文语篇结构
Catherine Murphy, a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat, makes sure that each customer gets exactly what they order.She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks. 37 As the customer grabs the drink from her hand, she smiles and says, “Hello, how is your day？” Even when the line is getting longer, she doesn't let it get in the way of her genuine conversations.
Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time. 38 “I do so because I like to make coffee for the students.I know they need it in the morning，” Murphy said.Being a mother and wife has helped her become the woman she is.She believes she is here to serve.
One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious (有感染力) and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her.Joanna Wright, a senior political science major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week. 39 “Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, which always puts me in a cheerful mood，” Wright said.
“I enjoy working in the cafe，” Murphy said. 40 She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves.
A．The cafe closes at 9 pm every day.
B．She has two children aged eight and four.
C．Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early.
D．After finishing an order, she calls out the name on the cup.
E．Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles.
F．Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class.
G．She has served here for 17 years and can't imagine working anywhere else.
[理清文脉]
[思维定向]
该篇文章是典型的非传统叙事模式中的“引出主题—解释和论证主题—深化并呼应主题”结构。据此，我们可以快速地从选项中选出第36、40题的答案。
第36题设空在首段，一般为文章“引出主题”的段落。前一句介绍College Cafe除提供课间休息的场所和提神的饮品外，还有更多的东西。下一段开始描述员工Catherine Murphy的具体服务细节，解释、论证主题。E项“这家咖啡馆不仅提供饮品，还提供微笑”正是本文首段所引出的主题。故选E项。
第40题设空在尾段，一般为记叙文“深化并呼应主题”的段落。结尾引用Murphy的自白(“对工作的热爱”)，通过G项“工作17年，不愿离开”深化主题——平凡岗位的坚守与热爱，呼应开篇“微笑服务”的核心立意。
[参考答案] 36～40 EDCFG
二、依据空格位置，把握思维趋向
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(一)“段首题”的题目类型及思维趋向
段落标题句 观察其他段落标题的表达形式
段落标题特点：短小精悍，以祈使句或短语为主
阅读段落内容，提炼中心词，留意体现主旨的原词、同源词、同义词、近义词或反义词等
段落主题句 认真阅读下文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关词，推断主题句
段落间过渡句 “瞻前顾后”找启示，正确答案应衔接上一段结尾并引起下一段内容
[例1] (2025·全国Ⅱ卷·节选)
39
Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence.These effects aren't just short-term but have been proved to affect a teen's well-being in the years to come.
B．Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need.
C．Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers.
D．Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice.
G．Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day.
[分析] 本题考查段首主题句。考生在做题前，先整体观察文章结构，紧接着观察每一部分(段落)开头是否是主题句。一般情况下，这些主题句往往句式相同，并且有的加黑，有的前面往往有实心圆点或其他标记。如果此时设空处恰好处于段首的位置，则该处一般考查段落主题句，这样就可根据本段内容做出选择。节选段落讨论的是青少年时期做志愿者带来的长期积极影响。C项“志愿服务对孩子和青少年有终生的影响”概括了段落内容，符合语境。
[例2] (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选)
Parisians are different from you and me.They never look lazy or untidy.As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight.38.The food is so delicious that you
don't need much of it to make you happy. French strawberries do not taste like cardboard.Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
39 On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries.I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon.My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten.But they cost $18!
B．The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
E．That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
[分析] 本题考查段落间过渡句。上一段讲到法国人吃得少的原因之一是食物非常美味，无需太多就可以心满意足，而第39题设空处之后则讲述了法国人吃得少的另一个原因——水果价格昂贵。分析选项可知，E项承上启下，符合语境，且该项中的“That”指代上文论述过的原因。
(二)“段中题”的题目类型及思维趋向
细节句 阅读各个选项，标记关键词，包括关联词。利用关键词的比较、匹配，确定选项
利用词汇复现确定选项
利用表示并列、转折、让步和因果关系等的关联词确定选项
过渡句 阅读设空前后内容，挖掘内在逻辑关系
阅读各个选项，标记表示转折、并列、让步或因果关系等的关联词
注意词汇复现：同源、同义、近义或反义词复现，不同时态的动词形式等
[例1] (2025·全国Ⅰ卷·节选)
One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious (有感染力) and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her.Joanna Wright, a senior political science major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week. 39 “Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, which always puts me in a cheerful mood，” Wright said.
“I enjoy working in the cafe，” Murphy said. 40 She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves.
B．She has two children aged eight and four.
C．Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early.
D．After finishing an order, she calls out the name on the cup.
F．Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class.
G．She has served here for 17 years and can't imagine working anywhere else.
[分析] 第39题设空类型属于段中细节句。上文介绍学生Joanna常去咖啡馆，下文引用其对Murphy的评价，F项解释Joanna 去咖啡馆的原因(让一天有好的开始)，属于补充人物行为动机的细节句。
第40题设空类型属于段中细节句。上文Murphy提到“喜欢在咖啡馆工作”，下文说“打算继续留在这里工作”，G项以“工作17年”和“不想去别处”补充其对工作的热爱与坚持。
[例2] (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选)
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was：“You'll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym，” while another read：“ 36 ” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition.
A．Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
C．You'll work harder if you train with someone else.
[分析] 本题设空类型属于段中过渡句。空前一句提到与人一起去锻炼，空后说有一个锻炼伙伴，你会更加努力，因为存在微妙的竞争。选项C“如果你和别人一起训练，你会更努力”承上启下，符合语境。选项C中的关键词“someone else”分别对应上文的“someone is waiting for you”和下文的“a workout partner”。
(三)“段尾题”的题目类型及思维趋向
总结句 阅读空前段落内容并加以总结，抓住主旨，并利用词汇复现等技巧选出正确选项。注意总结性词语，如therefore，thus, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等
细节句 空前一句或两句是重点语句，应仔细阅读
锁定空前重点语句中的关键词和体现逻辑关系的关联词
寻找选项中是否有表示逻辑关系的关联词
过渡句 “瞻前顾后”找启示，关注本段首句和下一段首句
分析空前重点语句，结合下一段开头，留意关联词和关键词
所选答案能衔接上下段内容
[例1] (2024·新高考Ⅱ卷·节选)
·Choose mindfully.Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they're special.With so many online posts featuring the same places, it's easy to feel like you're missing out.Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. 37
C．Travel for you and no one else.
E．You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F．You'll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it.
[分析] 本题设空类型属于段尾总结句。根据本段首句可知，本段建议人们要谨慎地选择旅行地点。根据本段第三句可知，人们可能会担心错过什么而跟风去某地旅行；再根据空前“只有当一个地方的风景、文化或食物深深吸引你时，才去那里”可知，旅行地的选择应基于个人的真实兴趣，与他人无关。C项对上文内容作出了总结。
[例2] (2023·全国甲卷·节选)
Tricks To Becoming A More Patient Person
Here's a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common There's one answer: 36 .
In the Digital Age, we're used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips.However, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we'd be a whole lot better off.Here are several tricks.
D．All this adds up to a state of hurry
G．They're all situations where we could use a little extra patience
[分析] 本题设空类型属于段尾细节句。根据空前的“There's one answer”可知，本空要回答前面的问题“What do traffic ...have in common？”根据文章标题和常识可知，所问的三种情况都需要人们多点耐心，故G项“这些都是我们需要多一点耐心的情况”符合语境。G项中的“They”指代上文提到的“traffic jams”“long lines”和“waiting for a vacation to start”，并且“patience”也是文章标题中的主题词汇Patient的同源词。
[例3] (2025·全国Ⅰ卷·节选)
Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morning The College Cafe has just that, and more. 36
Catherine Murphy, a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat, makes sure that each customer gets exactly what they order.She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks.37.After finishing an order, she calls out the
name on the cup. As the customer grabs the drink from her hand, she smiles and says, “Hello, how is your day？” Even when the line is getting longer, she doesn't let it get in the way of her genuine conversations.
A．The cafe closes at 9 pm every day.
E．Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles.
[分析] 本题设空类型属于首段段尾过渡句。节选段设空处前一句介绍College Cafe除提供课间休息的场所和提神的饮品外，还有更多的东西。设空处应还是关联College Cafe的相关情况，进而引出设空处后的下一段开始描述其员工Catherine Murphy的具体服务细节。由此可知，空处应承接上文并引出下文，应填入一个衔接过渡句。故E项“这家咖啡馆不仅提供饮品，还提供微笑”符合语境。
随堂训练·应用体验
(2025·石家庄二模)Motivating yourself is hard.If you've ever failed to reach an attainable goal because of delay or lack of commitment, I encourage you to read on. 1
Any goals you set for yourself should be specific.Studies have shown, for example, that when individuals make daily exercise commitments, they're more likely to increase their fitness levels. 2 For instance，“walking 10,000 steps a day” is much better than “doing your best”．
Some tasks are extremely challenging.In such cases, it can be helpful to create external motivators for yourself over the short-to-medium term.You might promise yourself a vacation for finishing a project or buy yourself a gift for losing weight. 3 For instance, rewarding weight loss with junk food sets back progress.
When people work towards a goal, they usually start with strong motivation but then their effort decreases in the middle, when they are most likely to stop. 4 If you divide your goal into smaller steps, like setting weekly instead of three-month targets, you'll have less time to fall into that unwanted decline.
5 The people who will best motivate you to accomplish certain tasks are not necessarily those who do the tasks well.Instead, they're folks who share a big-picture goal with you.Thinking of those people and our desire to succeed on their behalf can help provide the powerful motivation we need to reach our goals.A woman may find boring work rewarding if she feels she is providing an example for her daughter.
A．These approaches can help drive you forward.
B．As social beings, we can use social influence wisely.
C．But external rewards can backfire if mismatched with goals.
D．Luckily, shortening the middle can help change this pattern.
E．Concrete tasks are usually more effective than abstract ambitions.
F．Support from loved ones can turn boring tasks into meaningful acts.
G．Research has uncovered several ways to help you design smart rewards.
理清文脉很重要
“总—分”结构
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四种激励自我、实现目标的方法，即设定具体目标、合理利用外部激励因素、分解目标、利用社会影响力。
?解题深究“所以然”
1．选A 本题考查段尾过渡句。上文讲“如果你曾因为拖延或缺乏决心而未能实现一个本可以达成的目标，我劝你继续读下去”，下文给出了四种实现目标的方法，A项“这些方法可以帮助你向前迈进”承上启下，符合语境。
2．选E 本题考查段中细节句。本段建议设定具体目标。E项“具体的任务通常比抽象的抱负更有效”符合本段主旨，且空后的例子正是对E项的举例说明。
3．选C 本题考查段中过渡句。上文讨论了利用外部激励因素的作用，空后举例说用垃圾食品来奖励减肥会让减肥进展倒退。C项“但如果外部奖励与目标不匹配，可能会适得其反”与上文构成转折关系，且对应空后的例子。
4．选D 本题考查段中过渡句。上文讲人们在追求一个目标时，初期动力强，中期容易放弃，D项“幸运的是，缩短中间阶段有助于改变这种模式”给出了解决这一问题的建议，且与后文的例子对应。选项中的“this pattern”指代空前一句的内容。
5．选B 本题考查段首主旨句。下文讲与你有共同宏观目标的人可以提供强大的动力，帮助你实现目标，强调了社会影响对目标实现的作用，B项“作为社会人，我们可以明智地利用社会影响力”能概括本段的主旨。
