中考英语专题复习讲义——完型填空

中考英语专题复习讲义——完型填空
完型填空核心技巧精讲
● 题型特点：在200-250词的短文中挖空10-15个选项，综合考查词汇、语法、逻辑和语篇理解能力
● 黄金四步法：通读抓主旨→逐空析考点→先易后难填→复核排矛盾
（一）词义辨析题
【技巧详解】
近义词区分：关注情感色彩（如big/large→large侧重客观尺寸）、用法差异（如spend/cost→spend主语是人）
形近词辨别：注意词根变化（如accept/receive→accept强调主观接受）
熟词生义：结合语境判断（如develop冲洗胶卷/发展才能）
【例题精练】 例1：The ______ of this river makes it dangerous for swimming.
A. depth B. width C. length D. height
（解析：A。游泳危险源于"深度"，width宽度/length长度/height高度均不符）
例2：She ______ at the joke but didn't really find it funny.
A. shouted B. smiled C. laughed D. cried
（解析：C。laugh指出声笑，smile无声微笑，but转折说明并非真觉得好笑）
【举一反三】
The ______ news made everyone in the room silent.
A. excited B. surprising C. shocking D. interesting
He ______ his voice so that others could hear clearly.
A. rose B. raised C. lifted D. improved
This kind of plant ______ in desert conditions.
A. survives B. lives C. grows D. exists
固定搭配题
【技巧详解】
动词短语：注意介词搭配（look after照顾/look for寻找）
介词短语：记忆固定结构（by accident偶然/on purpose故意）
习惯表达：积累常见组合（make progress进步/keep promise守信）
【例题精练】 例1：Don't worry, I'll ______ your dog while you're away.
A. look at B. look after C. look for D. look up
（解析：B。照顾狗用look after）
例2：The discovery was made ______, not through careful planning.
A. by mistake B. by chance C. on time D. in advance
（解析：B。by chance表偶然，not through转折说明非计划）
【举一反三】
She always ______ her promises.
A. makes B. breaks C. keeps D. loses
The children are ______ making noise.
A. used to B. accustomed to C. familiar with D. tired of
His success ______ his hard work.
A. leads to B. results from C. depends on D. belongs to
（三）上下文逻辑题 【技巧详解】
指代关系：识别代词指代对象（it/they/this等）
逻辑连接词：把握转折（but/however）、因果（because/so）、递进（moreover）等关系
同义复现：寻找重复出现的近义词或解释性表达
【例题精练】 例1：It was raining heavily. ______, the football match continued as planned.
A. Therefore B. However C. Besides D. Meanwhile
（解析：B。下雨与比赛继续形成转折关系）
例2：The castle is over 500 years old. ______, it remains in excellent condition.
A. Amazingly B. Unfortunately C. Naturally D. Gradually
（解析：A。古老建筑保持完好令人惊讶）
【举一反三】
He failed the exam. ______, he didn't lose hope.
A. For example B. As a result C. Even so D. In addition
The road was blocked. ______ we had to take a detour.
A. Meanwhile B. Consequently C. Otherwise D. Similarly
She speaks French fluently. ______, her German is also excellent.
A. However B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Instead
语法结构题
【技巧详解】
时态语态：根据时间状语判断（yesterday→过去时/next week→将来时）
从句引导词：分析句子成分（缺主语用what/缺状语用when,where）
非谓语动词：辨明主动（-ing）被动（-ed）关系
【例题精练】 例1：By the time we arrived, the meeting ______.
A. began B. had begun C. begins D. has begun
（解析：B。arrived过去时，会议开始在此前，用过去完成时）
例2：______ in the library for three hours, she felt tired.
A. Studying B. Studied C. To study D. Having studied
（解析：D。完成分词having studied表持续动作且先于谓语felt）
【举一反三】
The book ______ on the desk belongs to me.
A. lying B. lay C. lied D. lain
Do you know the man ______ under the tree
A. stood B. stands C. standing D. is standing
______ he comes, please let me know.
A. If B. Unless C. Although D. Until
（五）词汇复现题 【技巧详解】
原词重现：同一词汇在上下文重复出现
同根词线索：通过词根变化定位（care→careful/careless）
反义对照：利用对比关系（hot→cold/difficult→easy）
【例题精练】 例1：The experiment requires extreme ______. Any carelessness may lead to failure.
A. patience B. courage C. caution D. curiosity
（解析：C。后文carelessness为caution的反向提示）
例2：His ______ was remarkable. He could remember every detail of the event.
A. imagination B. memory C. intelligence D. observation
（解析：B。后文remember直接对应memory）
【举一反三】
Her ______ to help others is admirable. She volunteers every weekend.
A. willingness B. ability C. promise D. decision
The room was in ______. Books and clothes were everywhere.
A. silence B. order C. mess D. repair
The ______ of the mountain was challenging but the view from the top was rewarding.
A. height B. climb C. path D. base
（六）情感色彩题 【技巧详解】
褒贬判断：通过形容词/副词判断情感倾向（unfortunately表遗憾/luckily表庆幸）
语气把握：注意情态动词差异（must表强制/should表建议）
文化内涵：理解特定词汇的文化含义（dragon在东西方文化中差异）
【例题精练】 例1：______, the rescue team arrived just in time.
A. Sadly B. Angrily C. Luckily D. Naturally
（解析：C。in time及时到达体现幸运）
例2：His ______ remarks hurt everyone present.
A. careless B. cruel C. honest D. direct
（解析：B。hurt伤害对应cruel残酷的）
【举一反三】
We were ______ to hear about his recovery.
A. disappointed B. relieved C. surprised D. confused
It's ______ how fast time flies when you're having fun.
A. annoying B. amazing C. worrying D. frightening
His ______ attitude towards work impressed the manager.
A. negative B. casual C. positive D. doubtful
综合解题步骤演练
● 第一步：速读首尾段→把握主题（30秒）
● 第二步：逐段精读→标注线索词（连词/代词/同义词）
● 第三步：先易后难→跳过不确定空
● 第四步：选项对比→排除明显错误项
● 第五步：整体复核→检查逻辑连贯性
三、模拟闯关训练
Passage 1（词义辨析+固定搭配） The sun was setting as we___1_____the mountain top. We had been___2_____for over five hours but the view was worth it. As I___3_____my camera to take photos, I suddenly realized I had___4____my phone at the campsite.
A. arrived B. reached C. got D. achieved
A. running B. walking C. climbing D. riding
A. put up B. took out C. set off D. gave away
A. forgotten B. left C. missed D. lost
Passage 2（上下文逻辑+语法结构）___5_____most teenagers, David loved video games. However, his parents were concerned that___6_____too much time gaming would affect his studies. They made a rule: David___7_____play only after finishing homework.___8____, his grades improved significantly.
5. A. As B. Like C. Unlike D. Besides
6. A. spending B. to spend C. spend D. spent
7. A. might B. could C. should D. would
8. A. Gradually B. Instead C. Therefore D. Otherwise
Passage 3（词汇复现+情感色彩） The___9_____of public speaking is common. My friend Lucy used to feel terrified when___10_____to speak in front of crowds. But through practice, she transformed her___11_____. Now she even enjoys___12_____to large audiences!
9. A. fear B. excitement C. challenge D. chance
10. A. invited B. required C. allowed D. advised
11. A. skill B. personality C. anxiety D. experience
12. A. listening B. writing C. speaking D. teaching
答案
▲ 举一反三：
C (shocking令人震惊的→与silent呼应)
B (raised提高音量)
A (survives强调在恶劣环境生存)
C (keeps promises守信)
D (tired of厌倦)
B (results from由...导致)
C. Even so
8B. Consequently
C. Moreover
A (lying现在分词作定语)
C (standing现在分词作定语)
A (if引导条件状语从句)
A (willingness自愿→与volunteers呼应)
C (mess混乱→与everywhere呼应)
B (climb攀登→与rewarding呼应)
B (relieved欣慰→与recovery康复呼应)
B (amazing惊人的→与how感叹呼应)
C (positive积极的→与impressed呼应)
▲ 模拟闯关答案：
Passage 1: 1B 2C 3B 4B
reach+地点名词（arrive需加at/in）
climb mountains固定搭配
take out取出（相机）
leave sth at somewhere遗忘在某处
Passage 2: 5B 6A 7B 8C
5. like作介词表"像"
6. spending动名词作主语
7. could表被允许的能力
8. therefore表结果（因规则而成绩提升）
Passage 3: 9A 10B 11C 12C
9. fear恐惧→与terrified同义复现
10. required被要求→被动语态
11. anxiety焦虑→与terrified情感呼应
12. speaking重现核心概念