第二讲 专攻重难(1)—谓语动词与非谓语动词
谓语动词主要由实义动词(短语)充当，其在句中作谓语。一个简单句可以有一个谓语动词或多个并列的谓语动词。谓语动词的形式变化主要包括时态、语态和主谓一致的变化。非谓语动词是指在句中不作谓语的动词，没有人称和数的变化，它包括v. ing形式、v. ed形式和to do形式。
一、“两步”破解谓语动词和非谓语动词
第一步：分析结构
一个简单句有且只能有一个谓语动词。若是由多个简单句组成的并列句，则有几个简单句就应有几个谓语动词。这些句子中除了谓语动词以外的动词形式都是非谓语动词。
第二步：确定形式
谓语动词常考的时态有“一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时和过去完成时”，可以依据句中的时间状语或上下文的时态或语境来确定填哪种时态。非谓语动词常考的形式有“to do不定式，v. ing形式和v. ed形式”。同时，还要注意对谓语动词的被动语态与主谓一致，以及非谓语动词的被动形式的考查。
表一：谓语动词的常考时态
时态 主动语态(以do为例) 被动语态
一般现在时 do/does am/is/are done
一般过去时 did was/were done
现在完成时 has/have done has/have been done
过去完成时 had done had been done
表二：非谓语动词的常考形式、时态与意义
非谓语动词 主动式 被动式 动作发生的时间 意义
动词不定式 to do to be done 在谓语动作后发生 表具体事件、表未完成、表目的
现在分词 doing being done 同谓语动作同时发生 表主动、表同时进行
过去分词 无 done 在谓语动作之前发生 表被动、强调影响
[典例] (2025·全国Ⅱ卷)
I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States.Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, __1__ bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free range, and __2__ (center) heating doesn't exist.
Nothing in my life before prepared me __3__ this one — and to be sure, the first time I came here I never imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this area.But it's amazing how you can adapt __4__ learn in a new environment.Over time, I've found __5__ (I) feeling extremely at home here.And in the process, I've experienced things that really surprise me at times.The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes __6__ (be) one of them.
Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance __7__ (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day.The sun dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the __8__ (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky __9__ (afternoon) with lots of fresh air.
If you've never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt __10__ (leave) to sun for a day, well, you're missing out on one of life's wonders.
[解题技法例析](以6、7题为例)
第一步：分析结构
第6题所在句是简单句，句子的主语是The “sunshine scent (香味)”， sunned是过去分词作定语修饰 clothes，除题空外，句中无谓语动词，故可判定第6题空处是“谓语动词”。
第7题所在句是简单句，句中“used”是谓语动词， Growing ...和denying 都是非谓语动词，故可判断出空处应填非谓语动词。
第二步：确定形式
第6题结合上下文语境可判断出，该空应用一般现在时，再结合句意和主语的数可知，应用一般现在时的主动语态，故空处填“is”。
分析第7题所在句的句子结构可知，该空及其后的部分是the chance (抽象名词)的定语。英语中修饰抽象名词的非谓语动词形式多用动词不定式。再结合语境可知，空处应用不定式的主动式，即to discover。
[参考答案] 1.where 2.central 3.for 4.and 5．myself 6.is 7.to discover 8.absence 9．afternoons 10.left
二、“三点”避免谓语动词和非谓语动词题失分
第一点：识别时间标志词，捕捉隐性时间线索
现在完成时常用的时间状语有over/in the last (past) few years, so far/up to now等。句中无明显的时间标志词时，应学会借助上下文所暗示的时间线索解题。
[误区警示] 含“ ed”词缀的非谓语动词易被误认为是谓语动词的过去时态，因此需注意甄别，切忌“望词生义”。
第二点：勿忘语态
谓语动词题不仅考查时态，也可能考查语态；非谓语动词题，有时也会涉及被动形式。因此，答题时必须三思。
第三点：谨记主谓一致
对主谓一致的考查常融入时态题中，答题时，一定要联系主语确定谓语动词的单复数形式。非谓语动词无人称和数的变化。
[典例] (2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)
Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, __1__ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia，” add an international character to Stratford upon Avon, William Shakespeare's hometown.
Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616.Although they could never have met, there are common __2__ (theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.“Some of the things that Tang was writing about __3__ (be) also Shakespeare's concerns.I happen to know that Tang's play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways __4__ Romeo and Juliet.”
A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare's Birthplace Garden in 2017.Two years later, a six meter tall pavilion, __5__ (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, __6__ (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace.
Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international __7__ (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed __8__ (find) the connection between the two great writers.
__9__ (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language __10__ see how Tang's play was being performed.”
[解题技法例析]
第一点：识别时间标志词，捕捉隐性时间线索
第3题，根据隐性时间线索“定语从句中的谓语was writing”可推知，此处应用一般过去时，接着思考语态和主谓一致。该句的主语为Some of the things, 为复数名词，且所给提示词be与主语及空后的 “...concerns” 构成主系表结构，故可推知该空填were。
第二点：勿忘语态
第6题，分析题空所在句的结构可知，空处在句中充当谓语动词。句子主语为pavilion，与提示词build之间为被动关系，故应用被动语态，再结合时间状语“in 2017”“Two years later”可知，此处为一般过去时的被动语态，故填was built。
第三点：谨记主谓一致
第6题，该题空除了考查一般过去时的被动语态以外，还考查了主谓一致。该题空的逻辑主语是a six meter tall pavilion，为单数形式，由此可知，该被动语态的系动词也要用单数。
[参考答案] 1.who 2.themes 3.were 4.to
5．inspired 6.was built 7.visibility 8.to find 9.Recalling 10.and
(2025·苏州三模)In a workshop in Yingshan County, central China, German scholar Fabian Schrodt carefully pressed paper onto inked clay (黏土) blocks, __1__ (recreate) an 11th century invention from ancient China — Bi Sheng's movable type printing.
His hands on experience at the Bi Sheng Memorial Hall brought to life the ingenuity of the Song Dynasty inventor.Bi Sheng's clay type system, which predates (早于) German printer Johannes Gutenberg's metal press __2__ 400 years, __3__ (recognize) as the earliest recorded movable type printing in human history.
Thousands of miles away in Mainz, Germany, visitors to the Gutenberg Museum have also encountered a similar sense of historic __4__ (innovate)．
While Gutenberg's 15th century metal type printing press famously __5__ (revolutionize) Europe, Ulf S lter, director of Mainz's Gutenberg Museum, acknowledges an __6__ (early) pioneer.“Bi and Gutenberg's inventions were conceptually similar — namely, breaking down individual works into their individual components — but Bi came up with __7__ idea long before Gutenberg，” said S lter.
For Schrodt, who spent an afternoon learning from Wang Kui — an intangible cultural inheritor of Bi's movable type printing — such preservation is extremely __8__ (value)．“Technological advancements can lead to a degradation (退化) of collective knowledge，” Schrodt noted.“Wang's dedication to __9__ (preserve) Bi's legacy serves a crucial purpose: ensuring that humanity does not reach a point __10__ we possess the technology for interstellar travel but cannot rebuild it once lost, simply because no one knows how.”
第二讲 专攻重难(1)
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了德国学者在中国体验毕昇活字印刷术的经历，对比了毕昇的活字印刷术与古登堡印刷术的异同，并强调了传承活字印刷术这一古老技艺的意义。
1．recreating 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语“pressed”，设空处为非谓语动词。设空处在句中作伴随状语，动词“recreate”与其逻辑主语“Fabian Schrodt”之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填recreating。
2．by 考查介词。“predate ...by＋时间”为固定搭配，表示“比……早多长时间”。故填by。
3．is recognized 考查动词时态、语态及主谓一致。主语Bi Sheng's clay type system与谓语动词recognize为被动关系，且描述公认的历史事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数。故填is recognized。
4．innovation 考查名词。形容词historic后接名词，innovate的名词形式为innovation，意为“创新”，此处表抽象概念，用单数作宾语。故填innovation。
5．revolutionized 考查动词时态。根据主语“Gutenberg's 15th century metal type printing press”可知，此处描述过去发生的事，谓语动词revolutionize用一般过去时。故填revolutionized。
6．earlier 考查形容词比较级。此处为形容词作定语，修饰名词pioneer。根据语境，毕昇发明活字印刷术的时间早于古登堡发明印刷术的时间，故用early的比较级earlier。故填earlier。
7．the 考查冠词。结合语境可知，此处特指“把个体作品分解为单个组件”的想法，用定冠词the表特指。故填the。
8．valuable 系动词is后接形容词作表语，value的形容词形式为valuable“有价值的”。故填valuable。
9．preserving 考查非谓语动词。固定搭配“dedication to doing sth.”中， to为介词，后接动名词形式。故填preserving。
10．where 考查定语从句。此处为关系词，引导非限制性定语从句。先行词为point，表抽象地点，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。
1 / 4(共31张PPT)
第二讲 专攻重难(1)
——谓语动词与非谓语动词
谓语动词主要由实义动词(短语)充当，其在句中作谓语。一个简单句可以有一个谓语动词或多个并列的谓语动词。谓语动词的形式变化主要包括时态、语态和主谓一致的变化。非谓语动词是指在句中不作谓语的动词，没有人称和数的变化，它包括v.－ing形式、v.－ed形式和to do形式。
输入你的标题
1
一、“两步”破解谓语动词和非谓语动词
第一步：分析结构
一个简单句有且只能有一个谓语动词。若是由多个简单句组成的并列句，则有几个简单句就应有几个谓语动词。这些句子中除了谓语动词以外的动词形式都是非谓语动词。
第二步：确定形式
谓语动词常考的时态有“一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时和过去完成时”，可以依据句中的时间状语或上下文的时态或语境来确定填哪种时态。非谓语动词常考的形式有“to do不定式，v.－ing形式和v.－ed形式”。同时，还要注意对谓语动词的被动语态与主谓一致，以及非谓语动词的被动形式的考查。
表一：谓语动词的常考时态
时态 主动语态 (以do为例) 被动语态
一般现在时 do/does am/is/are done
一般过去时 did was/were done
现在完成时 has/have done has/have been done
过去完成时 had done had been done
表二：非谓语动词的常考形式、时态与意义
非谓语动词 主动式 被动式 动作发生的时间 意义
动词 不定式 to do to be done 在谓语动作后发生 表具体事件、表未完成、表目的
现在 分词 doing being done 同谓语动作同时发生 表主动、表同时进行
过去 分词 无 done 在谓语动作之前发生 表被动、强调影响
[典例] (2025·全国Ⅱ卷)
I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States.Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, 1 bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free－range, and 2 (center) heating doesn't exist.
Nothing in my life before prepared me 3 this one — and to be sure, the first time I came here I never imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this area.But it's amazing how you can adapt 4 learn in a new environment.Over time, I've found 5 (I) feeling extremely at home here.And in the process, I've experienced things that really surprise me at times.The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes 6 (be) one of them.
Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance 7 (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day.The sun－dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the 8 (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky 9 (afternoon) with lots of fresh air.
If you've never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt 10 (leave) to sun for a day, well, you're missing out on one of life's wonders.
[参考答案] 1.where 2.central 3.for 4.and
5．myself 6.is 7.to discover 8.absence
9．afternoons 10.left
第一步：分析结构
第6题所在句是简单句，句子的主语是The “sunshine scent (香味)”， sunned是过去分词作定语修饰 clothes，除题空外，句中无谓语动词，故可判定第6题空处是“谓语动词”。
第7题所在句是简单句，句中“used”是谓语动词， Growing ...和denying 都是非谓语动词，故可判断出空处应填非谓语动词。
解题技法例析(以6、7题为例)
第二步：确定形式
第6题结合上下文语境可判断出，该空应用一般现在时，再结合句意和主语的数可知，应用一般现在时的主动语态，故空处填“is”。
分析第7题所在句的句子结构可知，该空及其后的部分是the chance (抽象名词)的定语。英语中修饰抽象名词的非谓语动词形式多用动词不定式。再结合语境可知，空处应用不定式的主动式，即to discover。
输入你的标题
1
二、“三点”避免谓语动词和非谓语动词题失分
第一点：识别时间标志词，捕捉隐性时间线索
现在完成时常用的时间状语有over/in the last (past) few years, so far/up to now等。句中无明显的时间标志词时，应学会借助上下文所暗示的时间线索解题。
[误区警示] 含“－ed”词缀的非谓语动词易被误认为是谓语动词的过去时态，因此需注意甄别，切忌“望词生义”。
第二点：勿忘语态
谓语动词题不仅考查时态，也可能考查语态；非谓语动词题，有时也会涉及被动形式。因此，答题时必须三思。
第三点：谨记主谓一致
对主谓一致的考查常融入时态题中，答题时，一定要联系主语确定谓语动词的单复数形式。非谓语动词无人称和数的变化。
[典例] (2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)
Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, 1 is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia，” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare's hometown.
Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616.Although they could never have met, there are common 2 (theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.“Some of the things that Tang was writing about 3 (be) also Shakespeare's concerns.I happen to know that Tang's play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways 4 Romeo and Juliet.”
A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare's Birthplace Garden in 2017.Two years later, a six－meter－tall pavilion, 5 (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, 6 (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace.
Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international 7 (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed 8 (find) the connection between the two great writers.
9 (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language 10 see how Tang's play was being performed.”
[参考答案] 1.who 2.themes 3.were 4.to 5．inspired 6.was built 7.visibility 8.to find 9.Recalling 10.and
第一点：识别时间标志词，捕捉隐性时间线索
第3题，根据隐性时间线索“定语从句中的谓语was writing”可推知，此处应用一般过去时，接着思考语态和主谓一致。该句的主语为Some of the things, 为复数名词，且所给提示词be与主语及空后的 “...concerns” 构成主系表结构，故可推知该空填were。
解题技法例析
第二点：勿忘语态
第6题，分析题空所在句的结构可知，空处在句中充当谓语动词。句子主语为pavilion，与提示词build之间为被动关系，故应用被动语态，再结合时间状语“in 2017”“Two years later”可知，此处为一般过去时的被动语态，故填was built。
第三点：谨记主谓一致
第6题，该题空除了考查一般过去时的被动语态以外，还考查了主谓一致。该题空的逻辑主语是a six－meter－tall pavilion，为单数形式，由此可知，该被动语态的系动词也要用单数。
(2025·苏州三模)In a workshop in Yingshan County, central China, German scholar Fabian Schrodt carefully pressed paper onto inked clay (黏土) blocks, 1 (recreate) an 11th－century invention from ancient China — Bi Sheng's movable type printing.
随堂训练·应用体验
His hands－on experience at the Bi Sheng Memorial Hall brought to life the ingenuity of the Song Dynasty inventor.Bi Sheng's clay－type system, which predates (早于) German printer Johannes Gutenberg's metal press 2 400 years, 3 (recognize) as the earliest recorded movable type printing in human history.
Thousands of miles away in Mainz, Germany, visitors to the Gutenberg Museum have also encountered a similar sense of historic 4 (innovate)．
While Gutenberg's 15th－century metal type printing press famously 5 (revolutionize) Europe, Ulf S lter, director of Mainz's Gutenberg Museum, acknowledges an 6 (early) pioneer.“Bi and Gutenberg's inventions were conceptually similar — namely, breaking down individual works into their individual components — but Bi came up with 7 idea long before Gutenberg，” said S lter.
For Schrodt, who spent an afternoon learning from Wang Kui — an intangible cultural inheritor of Bi's movable type printing — such preservation is extremely 8 (value)．“Technological advancements can lead to a degradation (退化) of collective knowledge，” Schrodt noted.“Wang's dedication to 9 (preserve) Bi's legacy serves a crucial purpose: ensuring that humanity does not reach a point 10 we possess the technology for interstellar travel but cannot rebuild it once lost, simply because no one knows how.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了德国学者在中国体验毕昇活字印刷术的经历，对比了毕昇的活字印刷术与古登堡印刷术的异同，并强调了传承活字印刷术这一古老技艺的意义。
1．recreating 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语“pressed”，设空处为非谓语动词。设空处在句中作伴随状语，动词“recreate”与其逻辑主语“Fabian Schrodt”之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填recreating。
2．by 考查介词。“predate ...by＋时间”为固定搭配，表示“比……早多长时间”。故填by。
3．is recognized 考查动词时态、语态及主谓一致。主语Bi Sheng's clay－type system与谓语动词recognize为被动关系，且描述公认的历史事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数。故填is recognized。
4．innovation 考查名词。形容词historic后接名词，innovate的名词形式为innovation，意为“创新”，此处表抽象概念，用单数作宾语。故填innovation。
5．revolutionized 考查动词时态。根据主语“Gutenberg's 15th－century metal type printing press”可知，此处描述过去发生的事，谓语动词revolutionize用一般过去时。故填revolutionized。
6．earlier 考查形容词比较级。此处为形容词作定语，修饰名词pioneer。根据语境，毕昇发明活字印刷术的时间早于古登堡发明印刷术的时间，故用early的比较级earlier。故填earlier。
7．the 考查冠词。结合语境可知，此处特指“把个体作品分解为单个组件”的想法，用定冠词the表特指。故填the。
8．valuable 系动词is后接形容词作表语，value的形容词形式为valuable“有价值的”。故填valuable。
9．preserving 考查非谓语动词。固定搭配“dedication to doing sth.”中， to为介词，后接动名词形式。故填preserving。
10．where 考查定语从句。此处为关系词，引导非限制性定语从句。先行词为point，表抽象地点，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。
