(共25张PPT)
UNIT 12
Life is full of the unexpected.
Section A (Grammar Focus–4c)
一、语言能力
（1能够掌握课时内重要词汇和短语:cream, workday,show up, bean, marke
(2) 能够用过去完成时描述事物的发展。
二、学习能力
培养学生观察，归纳，总结的能力。
三、文化意识
培养学生应对突发事件的态度。
四、思维品质
能够在老师的指导下，通过观察，讨论 ，归纳等课堂活动，探究过去完
成时的用法。
Let’s watch a video and complete the sentence.
I ______________ (see) the new movie before I came to London.
had seen
Let’s watch a video and complete the sentence.
By the time she went to bed, she ______________ (eat) dinner.
had eaten
Let’s watch a video and complete the sentence.
When I ate breakfast, I ___________ (feed) your dog.
had fed
Grammar Focus
When I got to school, I realized that I had left my backpack at home.
By the time I got back to school, the bell had rung.
Before I got to the bus stop, the bus had already left.
I was about to go up to my office when I decided to get a coffee first.
As I was waiting in line with the other office workers, I heard a loud sound.
过去完成时的构成：_____+___________
had
过去分词
过去完成时常与________________________等引导的时间状语连用。
when, before, by the time
过去完成时
主句为过去完成时，从句是一般过去时，主句动作发生在从句之前。
两个动作同时进行，主从句都是一般过去时或过去进行时。
When I got to school, I realized that I had left my backpack at home.
By the time I got back to school, the bell had rung.
Before I got to the bus stop, the bus had already left.
I was about to go up to my office when I decided to get a coffee first.
As I was waiting in line with the other office workers, I heard a loud sound.
Grammar Focus
过去完成时由“助动词had (用于各种人称和数) + 过去分词”构成
过去的过去
过去某时
现在
将来
过去完成时
从过去之前的某个时间点到过去的某个时间点为止
（先发生）
（后发生）
1. 过去完成时的构成
2. 过去完成时的概念
过去完成时表示某动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成，它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。
3. 过去完成时的句式类型
肯定句：主语＋had ＋过去分词＋…
否定句：主语＋ hadn’t ＋过去分词＋…
一般疑问句：Had ＋主语＋过去分词…？
(Yes, 主语＋had. / No, 主语＋hadn’t.)
特殊疑问句：疑问词＋had ＋主语＋过去分词＋…？
1. 由时间状语来判定
(1) by + 过去的时间点。
I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
昨天晚上九点前我已经读完这本小说了。
(2) by the end of + 过去的时间点。
到...为止
(3) before + 过去的时间点。
在...之前
过去的过去，先发生
4. 过去完成时的判断依据
2. 由“过去的过去”判定
(1) 宾语从句中: 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
如： 她说她以前看过这电影。
She said that she had seen the film before.
看电影是在她说之前做的。
4. 过去完成时的判断依据
(2) 状语从句中: 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。
如： 当我到达车站时，火车已经离开了。
When I got to the station, the train had already left.
火车离开发生在我到达车站之前。
4. 过去完成时的判断依据
2. 由“过去的过去”判定
注意：before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧接着发生，则主、从句都用一般过去时。
如： 他关上门，离开了教室。
After he closed the door, he left the classroom.
4. 过去完成时的判断依据
2. 由“过去的过去”判定
5. 过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
过去完成时：强调“过去的过去”；
一般过去时：强调过去某一特定的时间。
①They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.
他们昨天十点前就到车站了。
②They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.
他们昨天十点到了车站。
1. 时间状语不同
2. 在过去的时间中，哪个先发生，哪个后发生。
在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：
先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。
She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition.
5. 过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
时态 定义 常见的时间状语 例句
一般 过去时 在过去某个时间发生的 动作或存在的状态。 yesterday, last week, ago, just now等 The bus left two
minutes ago.
现在 完成时 过去发生或已发生的动作对现在造成的影响 just, never, ever, so far, already, since, for等 The bus has already left.
过去 完成时 在过去某个时间或动作之前就已发生的动作，即表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。 by the time+从句；by the end of last+时间段； before+过去时间状语等 By the time they got to the bus stop, the bus had already left.
过去完成时与一般过去时、现在完成时的用法区别
Grammar Focus
When I got to school, I realized that I had left my backpack at home.
By the time I got back to school, the bell had rung.
Before I got to the bus stop, the bus had already left.
I was about to go up to my office when I decided to get a coffee first.
As I was waiting in line with the other office workers, I heard a loud sound.
be about to do sth.
1)表示即将发生的动作，在时间上指最近的将来。如:
We are about to leave this school. 我们就要离开这所学校了。
2)在含有 be about to do 的句子中，不能再加时间状语。
The medical team is about to start. 医疗队就要出发了。
4a
Make sentences using by the time or before.
1. Tim went into the bathroom. Mary got up.
______________________________________________________________
2. The coffee became cold. I put cream in the coffee.
______________________________________________________________
3. The teacher collected the math homework. I got to school.
______________________________________________________________
By the time Mary got up, Tim had already gone into the bathroom.
Before I could put cream in the coffee, the coffee had become cold.
By the time I got to school, the teacher had collected the math homework.
Make sentences using by the time or before.
4. I completed the work for my boss. The workday ended.
______________________________________________________________
5. The movie started. I arrived at the cinema.
______________________________________________________________
6. My mother finished making the apple pie. I got home from my language course.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
I had completed the work for my boss before the workday ended.
The movie had already started before I arrived at the cinema.
By the time I got home from my language course, my mother had finished making the apple pie.
4a
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box.
rush out forget arrive at
go into show up find out
By the time I arrived at the party, everyone else_______ already _________ .
2.When he put the noodles into a bowl, he realized he _____________to add the green beans.
3. By the time my mother came back from the market, I ____already ____________ of the door to go for my piano lesson.
had
shown up
had forgotten
had
rushed out
4b
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box.
rush out forget arrive at
go into show up find out
4. Before she got to the airport, she _____________ about the earthquake.
5. When she __________ the movie theater, she remembered she had forgotten to feed her dog.
6. Before she got a chance to say goodbye,he____________ the building.
had found out
arrived at
had gone into
4b
Write two true statements and one false statement about your day yesterday. Then ask your classmates to guess the false statement.
1. By the time I left for school in the morning,
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
2. By the end of the school day, __________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
3. By dinner time, I ______________________
I ______________________
I ______________________
I had already finished breakfast.
I had already checked the weather report.
I had already washed my face.
I had finished my homework.
the library books had all been returned to their shelves.
had had too many apples.
had eaten plenty of meat.
had finished all the housework .
4c
all the students had tidied their desks and chairs.
Exercises
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. Before we arrived at the party, Mr. Brown _______(leave) the room.
2. By the time I ___________(walk) into the store, someone had
bought the jeans I wanted.
3. We ___________(paint) the house before we moved in.
4. Tom said he ___________(read) the book twice.
had painted
had read
had left
walked
二、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.在我醒来之前，我的弟弟已经在洗澡了，我不得不在外面等。
2.Black先生把他的钥匙放在家里了，所以他不得不等直到他的妻子回家。
3.警察到达超市之前，小偷已经跑了。
By the time I ________up, my brother________ in the shower. I had to wait for him.
Mr. Black ________his keys in the office, so he had to wait until his wife ________ home.
By the time the police got to the supermarket, the thief _____________.
had gone
woke had gotten
had left
came
Thank you for listening
