2026届高考英语二轮复习：语法主谓一致课件(共37张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2026届高考英语二轮复习：语法主谓一致课件(共37张PPT) |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-12-21 22:39:39 | ||
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(共37张PPT)
1
1)单数名词/代词与谓语动词的一致
(1)单数名词/代词在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。这里的单数名词包括单数可数名词和不可数名词。
Her idea about the problem is very novel and interesting.
她对这个问题的观点非常新颖有趣。
(2)有些单数集体名词为不可数名词，如 furniture ， equipment，
merchandise ，baggage ， machinery ， clothing等，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
The furniture is made of wood and should be kept away from fire.
这些家具是木制的，应该远离火。
4. There ______ in this room.
A. are too much furniture B. is too many furnitures
C. are too much furnitures D. is too much furniture
(3)“many a+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，这种结构多用于正式文体。
Many a student takes a walk on campus after dinner.
许多学生晚饭后在校园里散步。
(4)“more than one+单数名词”在意义上虽有复数概念，但做主语时，谓
语动词常用单数形式。“more+复数名词+ than one”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
More than one person is involved in this case.
不止一个人与这个案件有关。
More visitors than one have complained about the weather here.
不止一名游客抱怨过这里的天气。
(5)“a(n)+单数名词+ or two”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。但“one or
two+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
A student or two has failed tile exam.有一两个学生考试不及格。
One or two students have failed the exam.有一两个学生考试不及格。
One or perhaps more pages _______.
A. is missing B. has been missed C. are missing D. was missing
2)复数名词/代词与谓语动词的一致
(1)常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
常见的这类名词有： clothes, belongings(财务), earnings(薪水，收入), savings(积蓄 ，存款) ，surroundings(环境) , odds(可能性 ，概率) , remains(剩余物，残留物)等。
The clothes are not suitable for everyday wear.这些衣服不适合日常穿。
(2)表示双数意义的复数名词作主语时 ，谓语动词常用复数形式 ，如
glasses ，scissors, shoes, socks, gloves, spectacles (眼镜), trousers, jeans(牛仔裤), shorts (短裤)等。
His glasses were broken by his son last night.
昨天晚上他的眼镜被他儿子弄坏了。
3)并列主语与谓语动词的一致
(1)由 and 或 both... and.连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形
式。但如果并列主语指的是同一个人、物、概念或一个不可分割的整体时，谓语动词用单数形式。
常见的这类短语由： bread and butter(抹上黄油的面包) , a watch and
chain(一块带链的表), law and order(社会秩序), a knife and fork(一副刀叉), a cup and saucer(一套杯碟)等。
9. Both rice and wheat _____ grown in our country.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
▲ (2)由 as well as, along with, together with, as much as, with, including,
followed by, in addition to, like, unlike, except, but, besides, no less than, ratherthan, accompanied by, instead of, more than等连接的并列主语在意义上更强调前面的主语。根据“语法一致”的原则，谓语动词的形式通常与前面主语的人称和数保持一致。
The girl, together with her classmates, has gone to plant trees.
那个女孩儿和她的同班同学一起去植树了。
Amy, together with her brothers, ____ a warm welcome when returning to
the village last week.
A. is given B. are given C. was given D. were given
C
(3)当 and 所连接的作主语的单数名词由 each ， every ， no等修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Each book and (each) magazine has to be returned on time.
每一本书和杂志都必须按时归还。
Every door and (every) window has to be repaired for another sale
每扇门和每扇窗都必须修葺，以便二次销售。
Every possible means ____ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still
not clear.
A. use B. are used
C. has been used D. have been used
C
4)其他
▲(1)不定式(短语) 、动名词(短语) 、“疑问词/ whether+ to do”作主语时,
谓语动词常用单数形式。从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式；但若主句为系表结构，主句谓语动词的数通常由作表语的名词或代词决定。注意，当and连接两个并列的结构时，若表示单一概念，则谓语动词应用单数形式；若表示两个不同的概念，则谓语动词应用复数形式。
Reading and writing are very important during primary school.
在小学阶段，读和写非常重要。
(2)“分数/百分数+of+名词/代词”作主语时，谓语动词应与 of后面名
词或代词的数保持一致。
Two thirds ofthe food has been sent to that area.
三分之二的食物已经被送拄那个地区了。
Eighty-five percent of the students in our school are girls.
我们学校85%的学生都是女生。
Seventy-five percent of the earth’s surface ______ with water.
A. is covered B. is covering C. were covered D. are covered
▲ (3)“a number of+复数名词/代词”作主语时，后面的谓语动词用复数
形式；而“the number of+复数名词/代词”作主语时，后面的谓语动词用单数形式。
A number of children are playing in the park. 一些孩子正在公园里玩耍。
The number of students in this school is rather small. 这个学校的学生数量 很少。
As is mentioned above, the number of the students in high school ____
.
A. is increasing B. are increasing
C. increase D. have increased
A
(4)“a quantity of/ a lot of/ lots of/ plenty of+不可数名词或可数名词复数”
作主语时，谓语动词通常与名词的数保持一致。但“quantities of+不可数名词或可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式。
A vast quantity of beer was sold yesterday.昨天卖出了大量的啤酒。
(5)“a great(good) deal of/a larger amount of/ a bit of+不可数名词”作主语
时，谓语动词用单数形式。
A good deal of money has been spent on this project.
在这个工程上已经花了很多钱。
(6)“分类词+ of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词应与分类词的单、复数形式
保持一致。常用的分类词由： sort, kind, form, piece, portion, series, species, section, type等。
This kind of competition is not what we want.这种竞争并不是我们想要的。
▲(7)在“one of+复数名词+定语从句”结构中，从句一般是修饰可数名词
的，所以从句的谓语动词应用复数形式； 而当 one of之前有 the ， the only ， the mere ， the very等修饰时，从句一般是修饰单数名词的，所以从句的谓语动词应用单数形式。
Jeff is one of the journalists who were awarded a prize at that time.
杰夫是当时获奖的新闻记者之一。
Kevin is the only one of the students that ____ a good command of public
speaking skills in his class.
A. had B. have C. has D. have had
C
(8)在倒装句中，谓语动词的形式应与其后的主语保持一致。
Under these books is a notebook where she has written a lot of her experiences.
这些书下面是一个笔记本，在上面她写了许多经历。
Here is the letter you have been looking forward to.
这就是你一直期待的那封信。
2.就近原则
谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语(主要指名词或代词)的
单、复数形式，这种一致关系所依据的原则叫做“就近原则”。
(1)“名词/代词+or+名词/代词”结构作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式
应与or后的名词/代词一致。
You or Mary is to be sent to solve the problem.
要么你，要么玛丽要被派去解决这个问题。
(2)“either+名词/代词+ or+名词/代词”结构作主语时，谓语动词的单、复
数形式应与or后的名词/代词一致。
Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.
要么是我，要么是他们要对那件事的结果负责。
(3)“neither+名词/代词+ nor+名词/代词”结构作主语时, 谓语动词的单、
复数形式应与nor后的名词/代词一致。
Neither the mother nor the children know anything about this matter.
关于这件事，母亲和孩子们什么都不知道。
▲(4)“not only +名词/代词+ but(also)+名词/代词”结构作主语时, 谓语动
词的单、复数形式应与 but(also)后的名词/代词一致。
Not only I but also Tom and Mary are willing to do volunteer work.
不仅我，而且汤姆和玛丽也都愿意做志愿工作。
Not only you but also I ______ able to help him out.
A. are B. is C. am D. were
Not only hard work but also a good plan ____ to your final success.
A. were contributed B. was contributed
C. am contributed D. contributes
D
(5)在 There be句型中，谓语动词的单、复数形式应与离其最近的主语保持一致。
There is a pen, two knives and several books on the table.
桌子上有一支钢笔、两把刀和几本书。
There are some students and a teacher over there.
那边有一些学生和一位老师。
1)单数名词与谓语动词的一致
单数名词作主语时，从语法意义上讲，谓语动词一般应用单数形式。但有时作主语的单数名词表示复数含义，这时谓语动词应用复数形式，以达到意义一致。
有些集体名词 ， 即所谓的“群体名词 ” ，如 army , class , committee , company,crowd, couple , group, party, population, team , public , family , faculty, audience, staff等作主语时，谓语动词的形式取决于主语的意义。当主语表示整体概念时视其为单数，谓语动词用单数形式；当主语表示集体中的个体成员时视其为复数，谓语动词用复数形式。有些有生命的集体名词 ，如youth (青年 ，年轻人) , police , people ( 人们) , cattle , folk,personnel(全体人员)等，作主语时谓语动词通常用复数形式。
The committee ______ over the problem among themselves for two hours.
A. has argued B. has been arguing C. have argued D. have been arguing
It took more than two hours before the crowd was fully dispersed.
用了两个多小时才把人群完全驱散。
The police are looking into the accident that happened yesterday.
警察正在调查昨天发生的那起事故。
2)复数名词与谓语动词的一致
(1)有一些名词虽是复数形式，但实际上用作单数，作主语时谓语动词用
单数形式。
The bad news is that only thirteen percent of people got the salary they
deserved.
坏消息是只有13%的人得到了他们应得的薪水。
(2)表示“时间、距离、金额、重量”等的复数名词作主语时，若表示整体
概念，谓语动词用单数形式。
Ten years is just a moment in history.
10年在历史上只是一瞬间。
(3)以-ics结尾表学科等的名词作主语时，一般要求谓语动词用单数形式。
常 见 的这类名词有 ： phy s i c s ( 物理 学) ， e c on om i c s ( 经济 学) ， electronics(电子学) ，mathematics(数学) ， ethics(伦理学) ， politics(政治学) ， statistics(统计学) ，gymnastics(体操) ， athletics(田径运动)等。当当economics ， electronics ， ethics ，politics ， statistics表示学科以外的其他含义时，可作复数用，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。
(4)“a/ this/ that pair/ suit of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
That pair of shoes has already been sold.
那双鞋已经卖出去了。
(5)“the+形容词/分词”表示一类人或事物，作主语时，多表示复数意义，
谓语动词常用复数形式。表示个别人、不可数的事物或抽象概念时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
According to the research, the unemployed tend to be out of work for a long time.
根据这项研究可知，失业者往往会很长时间都没有工作。
3)单复数同形的名词与谓语动词的一致
有些名词只有一种形式，既能表示单数含义，又能表示复数含义，这些
名词作主语时，谓语动词应与其表达的具体意义保持一致。常见的这类名词有： aircraft ，deer ， fish ， means ， sheep ， species ， series ， headquarters(总部)等。
A sheep is running along the bank of the river.
一只绵羊正沿着河岸饱。
1
1)单数名词/代词与谓语动词的一致
(1)单数名词/代词在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。这里的单数名词包括单数可数名词和不可数名词。
Her idea about the problem is very novel and interesting.
她对这个问题的观点非常新颖有趣。
(2)有些单数集体名词为不可数名词，如 furniture ， equipment，
merchandise ，baggage ， machinery ， clothing等，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
The furniture is made of wood and should be kept away from fire.
这些家具是木制的，应该远离火。
4. There ______ in this room.
A. are too much furniture B. is too many furnitures
C. are too much furnitures D. is too much furniture
(3)“many a+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，这种结构多用于正式文体。
Many a student takes a walk on campus after dinner.
许多学生晚饭后在校园里散步。
(4)“more than one+单数名词”在意义上虽有复数概念，但做主语时，谓
语动词常用单数形式。“more+复数名词+ than one”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
More than one person is involved in this case.
不止一个人与这个案件有关。
More visitors than one have complained about the weather here.
不止一名游客抱怨过这里的天气。
(5)“a(n)+单数名词+ or two”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。但“one or
two+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
A student or two has failed tile exam.有一两个学生考试不及格。
One or two students have failed the exam.有一两个学生考试不及格。
One or perhaps more pages _______.
A. is missing B. has been missed C. are missing D. was missing
2)复数名词/代词与谓语动词的一致
(1)常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
常见的这类名词有： clothes, belongings(财务), earnings(薪水，收入), savings(积蓄 ，存款) ，surroundings(环境) , odds(可能性 ，概率) , remains(剩余物，残留物)等。
The clothes are not suitable for everyday wear.这些衣服不适合日常穿。
(2)表示双数意义的复数名词作主语时 ，谓语动词常用复数形式 ，如
glasses ，scissors, shoes, socks, gloves, spectacles (眼镜), trousers, jeans(牛仔裤), shorts (短裤)等。
His glasses were broken by his son last night.
昨天晚上他的眼镜被他儿子弄坏了。
3)并列主语与谓语动词的一致
(1)由 and 或 both... and.连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形
式。但如果并列主语指的是同一个人、物、概念或一个不可分割的整体时，谓语动词用单数形式。
常见的这类短语由： bread and butter(抹上黄油的面包) , a watch and
chain(一块带链的表), law and order(社会秩序), a knife and fork(一副刀叉), a cup and saucer(一套杯碟)等。
9. Both rice and wheat _____ grown in our country.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
▲ (2)由 as well as, along with, together with, as much as, with, including,
followed by, in addition to, like, unlike, except, but, besides, no less than, ratherthan, accompanied by, instead of, more than等连接的并列主语在意义上更强调前面的主语。根据“语法一致”的原则，谓语动词的形式通常与前面主语的人称和数保持一致。
The girl, together with her classmates, has gone to plant trees.
那个女孩儿和她的同班同学一起去植树了。
Amy, together with her brothers, ____ a warm welcome when returning to
the village last week.
A. is given B. are given C. was given D. were given
C
(3)当 and 所连接的作主语的单数名词由 each ， every ， no等修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Each book and (each) magazine has to be returned on time.
每一本书和杂志都必须按时归还。
Every door and (every) window has to be repaired for another sale
每扇门和每扇窗都必须修葺，以便二次销售。
Every possible means ____ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still
not clear.
A. use B. are used
C. has been used D. have been used
C
4)其他
▲(1)不定式(短语) 、动名词(短语) 、“疑问词/ whether+ to do”作主语时,
谓语动词常用单数形式。从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式；但若主句为系表结构，主句谓语动词的数通常由作表语的名词或代词决定。注意，当and连接两个并列的结构时，若表示单一概念，则谓语动词应用单数形式；若表示两个不同的概念，则谓语动词应用复数形式。
Reading and writing are very important during primary school.
在小学阶段，读和写非常重要。
(2)“分数/百分数+of+名词/代词”作主语时，谓语动词应与 of后面名
词或代词的数保持一致。
Two thirds ofthe food has been sent to that area.
三分之二的食物已经被送拄那个地区了。
Eighty-five percent of the students in our school are girls.
我们学校85%的学生都是女生。
Seventy-five percent of the earth’s surface ______ with water.
A. is covered B. is covering C. were covered D. are covered
▲ (3)“a number of+复数名词/代词”作主语时，后面的谓语动词用复数
形式；而“the number of+复数名词/代词”作主语时，后面的谓语动词用单数形式。
A number of children are playing in the park. 一些孩子正在公园里玩耍。
The number of students in this school is rather small. 这个学校的学生数量 很少。
As is mentioned above, the number of the students in high school ____
.
A. is increasing B. are increasing
C. increase D. have increased
A
(4)“a quantity of/ a lot of/ lots of/ plenty of+不可数名词或可数名词复数”
作主语时，谓语动词通常与名词的数保持一致。但“quantities of+不可数名词或可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式。
A vast quantity of beer was sold yesterday.昨天卖出了大量的啤酒。
(5)“a great(good) deal of/a larger amount of/ a bit of+不可数名词”作主语
时，谓语动词用单数形式。
A good deal of money has been spent on this project.
在这个工程上已经花了很多钱。
(6)“分类词+ of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词应与分类词的单、复数形式
保持一致。常用的分类词由： sort, kind, form, piece, portion, series, species, section, type等。
This kind of competition is not what we want.这种竞争并不是我们想要的。
▲(7)在“one of+复数名词+定语从句”结构中，从句一般是修饰可数名词
的，所以从句的谓语动词应用复数形式； 而当 one of之前有 the ， the only ， the mere ， the very等修饰时，从句一般是修饰单数名词的，所以从句的谓语动词应用单数形式。
Jeff is one of the journalists who were awarded a prize at that time.
杰夫是当时获奖的新闻记者之一。
Kevin is the only one of the students that ____ a good command of public
speaking skills in his class.
A. had B. have C. has D. have had
C
(8)在倒装句中，谓语动词的形式应与其后的主语保持一致。
Under these books is a notebook where she has written a lot of her experiences.
这些书下面是一个笔记本，在上面她写了许多经历。
Here is the letter you have been looking forward to.
这就是你一直期待的那封信。
2.就近原则
谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语(主要指名词或代词)的
单、复数形式，这种一致关系所依据的原则叫做“就近原则”。
(1)“名词/代词+or+名词/代词”结构作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式
应与or后的名词/代词一致。
You or Mary is to be sent to solve the problem.
要么你，要么玛丽要被派去解决这个问题。
(2)“either+名词/代词+ or+名词/代词”结构作主语时，谓语动词的单、复
数形式应与or后的名词/代词一致。
Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.
要么是我，要么是他们要对那件事的结果负责。
(3)“neither+名词/代词+ nor+名词/代词”结构作主语时, 谓语动词的单、
复数形式应与nor后的名词/代词一致。
Neither the mother nor the children know anything about this matter.
关于这件事，母亲和孩子们什么都不知道。
▲(4)“not only +名词/代词+ but(also)+名词/代词”结构作主语时, 谓语动
词的单、复数形式应与 but(also)后的名词/代词一致。
Not only I but also Tom and Mary are willing to do volunteer work.
不仅我，而且汤姆和玛丽也都愿意做志愿工作。
Not only you but also I ______ able to help him out.
A. are B. is C. am D. were
Not only hard work but also a good plan ____ to your final success.
A. were contributed B. was contributed
C. am contributed D. contributes
D
(5)在 There be句型中，谓语动词的单、复数形式应与离其最近的主语保持一致。
There is a pen, two knives and several books on the table.
桌子上有一支钢笔、两把刀和几本书。
There are some students and a teacher over there.
那边有一些学生和一位老师。
1)单数名词与谓语动词的一致
单数名词作主语时，从语法意义上讲，谓语动词一般应用单数形式。但有时作主语的单数名词表示复数含义，这时谓语动词应用复数形式，以达到意义一致。
有些集体名词 ， 即所谓的“群体名词 ” ，如 army , class , committee , company,crowd, couple , group, party, population, team , public , family , faculty, audience, staff等作主语时，谓语动词的形式取决于主语的意义。当主语表示整体概念时视其为单数，谓语动词用单数形式；当主语表示集体中的个体成员时视其为复数，谓语动词用复数形式。有些有生命的集体名词 ，如youth (青年 ，年轻人) , police , people ( 人们) , cattle , folk,personnel(全体人员)等，作主语时谓语动词通常用复数形式。
The committee ______ over the problem among themselves for two hours.
A. has argued B. has been arguing C. have argued D. have been arguing
It took more than two hours before the crowd was fully dispersed.
用了两个多小时才把人群完全驱散。
The police are looking into the accident that happened yesterday.
警察正在调查昨天发生的那起事故。
2)复数名词与谓语动词的一致
(1)有一些名词虽是复数形式，但实际上用作单数，作主语时谓语动词用
单数形式。
The bad news is that only thirteen percent of people got the salary they
deserved.
坏消息是只有13%的人得到了他们应得的薪水。
(2)表示“时间、距离、金额、重量”等的复数名词作主语时，若表示整体
概念，谓语动词用单数形式。
Ten years is just a moment in history.
10年在历史上只是一瞬间。
(3)以-ics结尾表学科等的名词作主语时，一般要求谓语动词用单数形式。
常 见 的这类名词有 ： phy s i c s ( 物理 学) ， e c on om i c s ( 经济 学) ， electronics(电子学) ，mathematics(数学) ， ethics(伦理学) ， politics(政治学) ， statistics(统计学) ，gymnastics(体操) ， athletics(田径运动)等。当当economics ， electronics ， ethics ，politics ， statistics表示学科以外的其他含义时，可作复数用，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。
(4)“a/ this/ that pair/ suit of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
That pair of shoes has already been sold.
那双鞋已经卖出去了。
(5)“the+形容词/分词”表示一类人或事物，作主语时，多表示复数意义，
谓语动词常用复数形式。表示个别人、不可数的事物或抽象概念时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
According to the research, the unemployed tend to be out of work for a long time.
根据这项研究可知，失业者往往会很长时间都没有工作。
3)单复数同形的名词与谓语动词的一致
有些名词只有一种形式，既能表示单数含义，又能表示复数含义，这些
名词作主语时，谓语动词应与其表达的具体意义保持一致。常见的这类名词有： aircraft ，deer ， fish ， means ， sheep ， species ， series ， headquarters(总部)等。
A sheep is running along the bank of the river.
一只绵羊正沿着河岸饱。