2026届高考英语二轮复习:语法专题之介词 课件(共37张PPT)

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名称 2026届高考英语二轮复习:语法专题之介词 课件(共37张PPT)
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更新时间 2025-12-21 22:29:20

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(共37张PPT)
语法专题
介词
01
介词与高考
02
介词的定义
03
介词的位置
04
介词的考点
05
05
常考的介词
Contents
【例1】 (2025年全国一卷)A decent winner always tries to beat the opponent no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side.
by
考查介词
句意:一个不错的赢家总是尽力以仅仅一两分的优势击败对手,以表示对对方的尊重。“by+具体数值”表示“以(某一差值)”,此处指“以一到两分的优势”,符合语境。故填by。
一、介词与高考
【例2】 (2025年浙江1月卷)Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead__________ the fact that they have something unique to wear and are not overstuffing their own wardrobes (衣柜) or contributing to landfill.
on / upon
考查介词
focus on / upon是固定搭配,意为“集中(注意力、精力等)于……”。
【例3】 (2024年新课标I卷)The Glasshouse stands a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route…
as
考查介词
句意:Mark Woodruff补充说:“这是当代设计的最高成就,在丝绸之路的尽头,中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场,这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国,定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”根据句意可知,空处指的是“作为”,应用介词as。故填as。
【例4】 (2023年浙江1月卷)Thanks to Beijing’s long history capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic events.
as
考查介词
句意:感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史,同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事,甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据句意可知,空格处译为“作为”,as是介词意为“作为”,符合句意。故填as。
考情分析
介词是历年高考常考的知识点。近几年新高考对介词的考查主要集中在语法填空和完形填空,以介词的基本用法和固定搭配为主。
二、介词的定义:
定义:
介词是一种虚词,无词义,不能单独使用,必须用在名词、代词、动名词,或what等引导的宾语从句前面,并与之一起构成介词短语,在句中作表语、定语、状语和补语。
三:介词的位置
位置一:介词 + 名词 / 代词 / 动名词
______ the school gate there is a shop.
I can do it ______ myself.
Scientists employed different ways ______ tracking polar bears.
At
by
of
位置二:动词 + 介词 + 名词
In India, for example, most people traditionally eat ______ their hands.
with
位置三:名词 + 介词 + 名词
Due to the growing popularity of environmentally -related and adventure travel, various types ______ trips are now being classified as eco-tourism.
of
位置四:介词+宾语从句
Instead of complaining about what's wrong, be grateful ______ what's right.
to
四:介词的考点
考点一:固定搭配
无解,全靠日常记忆和积累!
考点二:基本用法
实时翻译
识记并掌握重点介词用法
固定搭配
名词 key, approach, solution, answer, entrance, visit, attitude等与介词to构成固定搭配
We have a very communicative approach to teaching languages.
我们有一种非常注重交流的语言教学方法。
We must find a satisfactory solution to the problem.
我们必须找到一个令人满意的解决问题的办法。
知识点1 动词和介词搭配
介词和其他词类搭配的高频短语
Adopt
1. adopt as: 收养
2. adopt from: 选自
3. be adopted into: 被…收养

Apply
apply for:申请
apply to: 涂抹、适用于、运用、致力于

Bear
bear down: 压在…上、克服、全力以赴
bear out: 证明
bear up: 支撑、打起精神
bear with: 忍耐

Break
break away: 突然离开、挣脱、从…中退出
break down: 出故障、拆散、分类、衰弱下来
break in: 插嘴、闯入
break into: 强行闯入
break off: 使分离、停止、绝交
break out: 突然爆发、向外砸开
break through: 现出、冲破阻力向前、有进展、战胜
break up: 结束、破碎、使散开
知识点2 介词和名词搭配
介词和其他词类搭配的高频短语
at+n. 表示状态
at peace 处于和平中 at ease 安心自在,不拘束 at drill 在操练
at random随意地,胡乱地 at work 在工作 at play 在玩耍
by+n. 表示方式
by hand 手工的 by mistake 错误的 by chance/accident 偶然
by design 故意地 by turns 轮流地,交替地 by surprise 突然
in+n.表示方式
in shape 在外形上 in cash 用现金付的 in brief 简言之
in detail 详细地 in general 一般说来 in person 亲自 in tum 轮流,依次
知识点3 介词的习惯搭配
【要点归纳】
1.与形容词构成的搭配
(1)be+adj.+about
be anxious about    对……忧虑
be curious about 对……好奇
(2)be+adj.+at
be angry at 因……生气
be good at 擅长
(3)be+adj.+in
be absorbed in 专注于
be active in 积极于
be dressed in 穿着
be engaged in 忙于
(4)be+adj.+for
be eager for 渴望
be famous for 因……著名
be fit for 适合,胜任
be ready for 准备好
(5)be+adj.+from
be absent from 缺席
be different from 不同于
(6)be+adj.+to
be close to 接近
be devoted to 致力于
be equal to 等于
be familiar to 对……来说熟悉
(7)be+adj.+of
be aware of 意识到
be fond of 喜欢
(8)be+adj.+with
be busy with 忙于
be familiar with 熟悉
be patient with 对……有耐心
五:常考介词的基本用法
(高考真题考查频次)
for:11 次
in:6 次
to:6 次
by:6 次
than:5 次
from:4 次 as:4 次 on:3 次
of:3 次 with:3 次 at:3 次
,over
考点归纳
考点一 表示时间的介词
1.in用在某段较长的时间内(世纪、朝代、年份、季节、月份), 以及泛指上午、下午或晚上的名词前; on用在表示某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上的名词前; at用在表示某一时刻或某一时间点的名词前。
in the 1980’s/1980s
_____ the afternoon of June 2nd, many foreigners arrived _____ Shanghai.
A. In; at
B. On; to
C. In; in
D. On; in
,over
by指“不迟于, 到……时为止,
在……以前, 截止到”
1. Scientists say that another 26.5trillion pounds will be produced worldwide ___ 2050.
by
2. By the end of June 2020, they _______(dig) 4,500 square metres.
had dug
till/until表示“直到……为止”, 在肯定句中, till/until必须与延续性动词连用; 在否定句中, till/until可与非延续性动词连用。
You must wait for him till/until tomorrow.
你必须等他直到明天。
We didn’t begin to watch TV until/till nine o’clock.
一直到9点,我们才开始看电视。
,over
for + 时间段 常用现在完成时
during the summer holidays
during 后不跟表数字的名词
从开始到结束
常用现在完成时
since + 时间点 主句常用现在完成时
in 在...以后 in + 一段时间 表示以说话时为起点的一段时间之后,常常 一般将来时连用
within “不超过...的范围“ 无时态的限制
2.表示方位的at,in,on,to
介词 用法 例句
at 表示地点时,后常接相对较小的地方 Mr. Smith met his wife at the shop in 1941.
in 表示地点时,后常接相对较大的地方或在某一个大的范围之内 The athletes from all over the world arrived in Beijing yesterday.
on 表示地点时,常表示相邻并接壤的两个地域 Mongolia,which lies on the north of China,is a beautiful country.
to 表示地点时,常表示在某个范围外不接壤的位置 As is known to all,Japan is to the east of China.
by, with, in, 都有“以…的方式“之意,区别如下:
by
with
in
by + _________ /___________
交通工具
方式、手段
in+______ / _______/ _______
声音
语言
材料
with+________ / ________
身体器官
具体工具
We remembered them by making word cards. 我们通过制作单词卡片的方式记住了它们。
He goes to school by bike every day. 他每天骑自行车上学。
Jim is climbing the tree with a ladder. 吉姆正在用梯子爬树。
The teacher asked me not to write with a penicl. 老师不让我们用铅笔写字。
She wrote a letter in black ink. 她用黑色的墨水写了一封信。
The novel is written in French. 这部小说是用法语书写的。
注意:on foot 步行
表伴随,意为“随着”
3.不同类型介词的用法——方式介词的用法
4.其他介词
With:和……一起,带着,怀有”;
Mr. Smith has a large house with a swimming pool.
 史密斯拥有一间带有游泳池的大房子。
Without:没有,不,无”
He left without saying goodbye.  他没说再见就离开了。
The boy stood there with his head down.
With her parents dead, the girl had to leave school.
The teacher came in with a book in his hand.
With a native our guide, we needn't be afraid to get lost.
With the old man leading the way, we finally found the place.
With his hair cut, he looks much younger.
With Mr. Smith to teach them English, they will be greatly improved next term in spoken English.
4.其他介词
be+of+(great/much)+抽象名词=(very)+形容词,一般作表语。
The meeting is of importance. 会议很重要。
=The meeting is very important. 
Your answer is of use.
=Your answer is very useful. 你的答案很有用。
Your advice is of help/benefit.
=Your advice is very helpful/beneficial. 你的建议很有用。
of+no+抽象名词=not+形容词
All our persuasion was of no use; she would not come.
=All our persuasion was not useful; she would not come.
我们所有的劝说都没有用,她不会来的。
4.其他介词
like“像……一样”,含有比喻意味,侧重比较;
Nancy is just like her mother. 南希像她的妈妈。
Spring is like a beautiful girl. 春天就像一个美丽的姑娘。
as“作为……”后接身份、职业、地位等名词。
He is famous as a novelist here. 在这里他作为小说家而出名。
She works as a nurse in the hospital. 她在这家医院当护士。
4.其他介词
about“有关……的内容”(非正式的);
on “关于……的内容”(学术研究方面的)
Lucy told me something about their hometown. 
露西告诉我有关他们家乡的一些情况。
There will be a very important report on the present situation.
将有一个关于目前形势的重要讲座。
4.其他介词
of 表所属关系、种类、来源;
I'd like a bottle of orange. (表示种类) 我要一瓶橘子汁。
Two of them are college students. (表示所属关系) 他们中有两个是大学生。
from 表示 “来自 ……”,也可表所属原料。
This is a present from my uncle. (来自)这是我舅舅送的礼物。
Paper is made from wood. (原料)纸是木头做的。(看不出原料)
The bridge is made of stone. (原料)这桥是石头做的。(看得出原料)
4.其他介词
against 表“反对,倚靠”;
She is against the war. 她反对战争。
Don't stand against the door. 不要靠门站着。
for 表“支持,给,供,对于, 为了”。
Are you for the plan?你赞成这个计划吗?
She looks very young for her age. 对她这个年龄来说,她看起来很年轻。
They will raise money for the library. 他们将为建设图书馆筹款。
4. 其他介词
1. beyond 表示“(时间)过了,比……晚,迟于”
They arrived beyond nine o'clock.
他们过了9点才到。
2. beyond表示“(位置)在……的那边,在……以外”
The small village is 20 miles beyond the town.
那个小村庄在离城20英里以外的地方。
3. beyond表示“(范围)超过,为……所不及”
This book is beyond me.
这本书我看不懂。
He is living beyond his income.
他的生活入不敷出。
“四种方法”确定介词
(1)根据介词短语与谓语的逻辑关系;
(2)根据语境含义并结合介词用法;
(3)根据特殊的结构关系, 如接复合宾语就只能用with或without;
(4)根据介词与动词、形容词、名词等的搭配。
介词的解题方法