2026届高考英语二轮复习：阅读理解之词义推测题 课件(共27张PPT)

(共27张PPT)
阅读理解
之
推测词义题
Word-guessing
考试 台州一模 宁波一模 绍兴诊断 湖丽衢三地市
题号 32 28 29 25
正答率（%） 58 37 46 55
32. What does the underlined phrase “was on to something” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Discovered the truth. B . Was absorbed in math puzzles.
C. Started the experiment. D. Was engaged in laboratory work.
28. What does the underlined word “snap” in the first paragraph mean
A. Instant. B. Decisive. C. Hesitant D. Important.
29. Which of the following can best replace the word “inverted” in paragraph 5
A. kept track of B. turned upside down
C. laid emphasis on D. taken into account
25.What does the underlined word “aeronautics” probably mean’
A. Analyzing chemicals. B. Producing explosives.
C. Mixing and saving fuels. D. Designing and building aircraft.
陌生词义
熟词生义
词组意思
代词指代
句子意思
What to test
高考对于猜测词义的考查要求
Summarize
（2022.11 宁波一模）
If, like me, you're the kind of person who finds it hard to make decisions, then Malcolm Gladwell's Blink might just be the book you have been waiting for. Because Blink is all about rapid cognition ——that is, those moments when we make snap judgements, for example, when meeting someone for the first time or looking at something we're thinking of buying.
28. What does the underlined word “snap” in the first paragraph mean
A. Instant. B. Decisive. C. Hesitant D. Important.

同位关系（重述）
Discourse markers: or, namely, that is, in other words, that is to say, to be more exact,
to put in another way …
Punctuations: —;: ; ()
定语从句，同位语
Practice
(2021 山东4月)
The goal with each window stroll is to create playful and uplifting displays, according to Hartman. “I really try to do something lighthearted, something whimsical, that is, something everyone can connect with and maybe not see every day in the real world,” Hartman said.
Which of the following can replace the underlined word “whimsical” in Paragraph 2
A. Serious. B. Exciting. C. Unusual. D. Ordinary.
Summarize
（2022.10 浙南联考）
Zombie or doomed ice is ice that is still attached to thicker areas of ice, but is no longer getting fed by those larger glaciers. That’s because the parent glaciers are getting less replenishing snow, said study co-author William Colgan, a glaciologist at the geological survey of Denmark and Greenland.
32. What does the underlined word “replenishing” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Added. B. Left. C. Exchanged. D. Decreased.

因果关系
Discourse markers: as, for, due to, thus, hence, as a result, accordingly, consequently, so…that…;…
Summarize
逻辑关系
同位关系（重述）：or, namely, that is, in other words, that is to say, to be more exact, to put in another way …;破折号，冒号，括号；同位语，定语从句…
因果关系：as, for, due to, thus, hence, as a result, accordingly, so…that…, consequently;…
并列关系: and, but…and…;neither…nor…;also, not only…but also…;similarly…
转折关系：but, yet, however, while, unfortunately, unlike, although, despite nevertheless, instead, rather than, in contrast, on the contrary…
例证关系：such as, such ...as, for example, for instance, like, including, especially
Practice
(2020·新高考I卷)
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions (份), it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
13.What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to
A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons.
C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons.
转折关系
Practice
(2021·新高考I卷)
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地).
29.What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph
A. Acquire. B. Export.
C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
转折关系
Practice
(2022.11 绍兴诊断)
Azevedo explains, “In a few-minute action, the rules of the monument are inverted: in the place of the hero, the unknown; in the place of the solidity of the stone, the momentary process of the ice; in the place of the monument size, the minimum size of the perishable (易毁坏的) bodies.” Originally Azevedo wanted her art to get people thinking about impermanence, and the sight of ice transforming into a puddle of water certainly does that brilliantly.
29. Which of the following can best replace the word “inverted” in paragraph 5
A. kept track of B. turned upside down
C. laid emphasis on D. taken into account
同位关系：重述
Practice
My husband rushed there to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents. Their young daughter had accidentally found a pile of unfamiliar papers. Her parents had carefully sorted them out and noticed a half-written letter with my husband’s new phone number in it. That family not only returned the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people.
The underlined word “restored” in the last paragraph can be replaced by _______.
A. showed B. sent out C. delivered D. gave back
并列关系
Summarize
（2022 湖丽衢三地市）
After the war ended there was a fall in demand for explosives, so she made a move to the field of aeronautics, moving to California to work for NAA (North American Aviation). The only woman out of 900 engineers, she was soon promoted to a role which involved calculating the performance of rocket propellants (推进剂) and designing special fuels to work with different engines. However, never having returned to complete her degree, she was not afforded the rank or higher pay of an engineer, even though she had all the skills and knowledge of one.

25.What does the underlined word “aeronautics" probably mean’
A. Analyzing chemicals. B. Producing explosives.
C. Mixing and saving fuels. D. Designing and building aircraft.
因果关系
aeronautics
Summarize
推测词义题
推测单词或短语的含义
逻辑关系(同位;因果;并列;转折; 例证…)
构词法(前缀、后缀…）
否定前缀：
Anti-
Auto-
Co-
Re-
Sub-
-ity
-tion
dis-,il-,im-,in-,ir-,mis-,non-,un-
反对；抵抗
自动
共同
再；又
下面的；次；小
名词后缀
名词后缀
Practice
（2020 宁波一模）
When people are rude to their co-workers or treat them badly, they probably don’t realize the unintended victims in the encounter could be the co-workers, children. Women who experience incivility in the workplace are more likely to engage in stricter, more authoritarian parenting practices that can have a negative impact on their children, according to the research presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association.
24. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “incivility” in Paragraph 1
A．Rudeness. B．Panic. C．Violence. D．Argument.
（2022 杭州一模）
In my welcome note to the new students in the Fall, I wrote that this year is about our college’s core values of inclusion, innovation, and impact and emphasized the power of interconnection. Today, these core values persist, with interconnection taking on even greater significance. Our collaborative spirit has always given us an advantage—academically, creatively, culturally, and now, remotely.
30. What does the underlined word “collaborative” mean in paragraph 3
A. Cooperative. B. Pioneering. C. Independent. D. Adventurous.
Practice
上下文语境
Summarize
（2022 台州一模）
Thomas Edison was somewhat right. Now, more than 100 years later, scientists have repeated the trick in a lab, revealing that the famous inventor was on to something. People following his recipe tripled their chances of solving a math problem. The trick was to wake up in the transition between sleep and wakefulness, just before deep sleep. In this transitional period, we are not quite awake, but also not deeply asleep. It can be as short as a minute and occurs right when we start to doze off.
32. What does the underlined phrase “was on to something" in paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Discovered the truth. B . Was absorbed in math puzzles.
C. Started the experiment. D. Was engaged in laboratory work.
上下文语境
Practice
New research shows that sitting less than three hours a day might extend your life by two years. Peter Katzmarzyk, a scientist at the University of Louisiana in the southern United States, says that sitting is ubiquitous in our lives, meaning it is something we do all the time, everywhere.
The underlined word “ubiquitous” is closest in meaning to _______.
A. dangerous B. common C. comfortable D. awkward
上下文语境
Summarize
推测词义题
推测单词或短语的含义
逻辑关系(同位;因果;并列;转折; 例证…)
构词法(前缀、后缀…）
上下文语境
How about pronouns？
人称代词：it, they, them, he, she…
指示代词：this，that, these, those…
不定代词：all, some, something…
就近原则+逻辑关系
Practice
(2020新高考I卷)
In the mid 1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea.It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24 year old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
9.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. Developing a serious mental disease. B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.
C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
In the mid 1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
Practice
To prevent language loss，scholars from a number of organizations have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect. Mark Turin, a scientist at Yale University, who specializes in the languages of the Himalayas, is following in that tradition.
To prevent language loss，scholars from a number of organizations have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect. Mark Turin, a scientist at Yale University, who specializes in the languages of the Himalayas, is following in that tradition.
33. What does “that tradition” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A. Having full records of the languages
B. Writing books on language teaching.
C. Telling stories about language users
D. Living with the native speaker.
Practice
2022 福建4月诊断
Aerogels are one of the world’s lightest solid materials. Often called “frozen smoke”, they are made by removing the liquid from a gel and replacing it with air. They have many scientific uses, but one of their special properties is the ability to conduct electric currents, which makes them an important part of supercapacitors. The aerogels made from durian and jackfruit both worked well when placed inside a supercapacitor, although the durian aerogel was found to be the better of the two.
30. What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A. Aerogels. B. Scientific uses. C. Properties. D. Electric currents.
(2022 福建4月诊断)
Aerogels are one of the world’s lightest solid materials. Often called “frozen smoke”, they are made by removing the liquid from a gel and replacing it with air. They have many scientific uses, but one of their special properties is the ability to conduct electric currents, which makes them an important part of supercapacitors. The aerogels made from durian and jackfruit both worked well when placed inside a supercapacitor, although the durian aerogel was found to be the better of the two.
30. What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A. Aerogels. B. Scientific uses. C. Properties. D. Electric currents.
Summarize
推测词义题
推测单词或短语的含义
推测代词指代的含义
推测下划线句子的含义
逻辑关系
构词法(前缀、后缀…）
上下文语境
就近原则（往上找）
逻辑关系
Practice
分析上下文，推测句意，对比选项
(2017全国卷II)
Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.
33.What does the author mean by "the tables are turned" in Paragraph 3
A. The attackers get attacked.
B. The insects gather under the table.
C. The plants get ready to fight back.
D. The perfumes attract natural enemies.
Practice
(2022 江苏南通第三次大联考)
Motha thinks that representation needs to extend beyond the performing arts. “The more we can see the disabled person in multiple aspects of life, such as helicopter pilots, engineers, chefs, choreographers and professors, the greater hope we can hold onto for a society where no one is on the margins,” he said. That's Motha's dream as well.
3. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Everyone can make a difference.
B. Most of our dreams have come true.
C. Not all disabled people are influential.
D. No disabled people have been prejudiced.
分析上下文，推测句意，对比选项
Summarize
推测词义题
推测单词或短语的含义
推测代词指代的含义
推测下划线句子的含义
逻辑关系(同位;因果;并列;转折; 例证…)
构词法(前缀、后缀…）
上下文语境
就近原则（往上找）
逻辑关系
分析上下文 推测句意 对比选项
luck favors the prepared mind!
practice makes perfect!