2026届高考英语二轮复习：阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧 课件(共34张PPT)

(共34张PPT)
College Entrance Examination –English Reading Comprehension
高考英语阅读理解—主旨大意题
英语考纲--阅读
要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能： （1）理解主旨要义； （2）理解文中具体信息； （3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义； （4）做出判断和推理； （5）理解文章的基本结构； （6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
阅读题型
细节理解
猜测词义
推理判断
主旨大意
观点态度
篇章结构
解题技巧
细节理解
词义猜测
推理判断
主旨大意
观点态度
篇章结构
主旨大意题
加工与浓缩信息的能力
考察要点：
这类试题主要考查学生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，也包括分析归纳文章的段落大意、重要情节、人物特征、环境特点的能力。这种试题要求考生能把握文章的总体，并真正理解主题和中心句；要求能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法，难度较大，属于高层次题。
主题句（topic sentence）及主旨大意(main idea)的概括 : 一篇文章或一个段落一般表达一个中心内容或主题。主题句必须能简洁明了地概括全文或全段的主要内容，具有高度的综合性和概括性。文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步解释,说明,论证或扩展.
主旨大意题
标题
文章主旨
段落主旨
Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.
1
Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smoker’s cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it
Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.
Example
to try to judge a person only by his appearance
So, it is foolish
2
Often no one looks more guilty than
the innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professional criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may really only be trying tohide his own weakness.
So, it is foolish
to try to judge a person only by his appearance
Example
called “bait and switch
This sales method is”.
3
If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention: “Color TV. Only ＄79. Two days sale. Hu-
-rry.” However, when you go to the store ready to buy. You may discover that they are sold out. But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model. A much better set which is “just right for you” It costs ＄395.
”. Buyers are baited with a sales advertisement, and then they are switched to another more expensive one. Buying things on sale needs careful consideration of the goods and the reason for the sale.
例题
called “bait and switch
Example
This sales method is”.
4
Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.
Example
Tom received a excellent education
What’s the main point the writer is trying to make in the paragraph 2/ …
What does the third/… paragraph discuss
What is mainly discussed in paragraph…
Paragraph 5/… mainly talks about ___
段落主旨
Question Forms
主题句的呈现
段首
提出主题, 随之用细节来解释, 支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想. 最常见的演绎法写作方式。
段尾
通常前面只提出问题， 文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出, 而后又作进一步的解释, 支撑或发展。
无主题句
即主题句隐含在全段中, 没有明确的主题句. 必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。
在表述细节后, 归纳要点, 印象, 结论建议或结果, 以概括主题. 这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式。
段中
details
Paragraph ideas
Passage idea
1) What is the topic sentence of the passage
2) This article/text/passage mainly tells that __________.
3) Which of the following gives a general idea of the passage
4) Which of the following is the main idea of the passage
5. What is the subject discussed in the text
6. With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned
文章主旨大意
Question Forms
1.新闻报道 News report
The lead
The body
Explanation of 5W, 1H
More details of 5W,1H
Background and relevant events
BBC, VOA CNN, AP, China Daily, Reuters, AFP(Agence France Presse)…
Pay attention to the time and the place before the passage
注意
called 3D Touch
include a new rose gold option and a new screen technology
The new iPhones, called the 6s and 6s Plus
San Francisco-- ,
.
The iPhone 6S and 6S Plus come in four finishes - silver, gold, space grey and rose gold - and come in two sizes that match last year's handsets measurements.
The phone also has a new, much faster chip Apple's Phil Schiller says is the 'fastest ever in a phone'.

It will cost the same as the iPhone 6 and 6Plus, from $199, and go on sale on September 25th.
….
include a new rose gold option and a new screen technology
Example
The new iPhones, called the 6s and 6s Plus
called 3D Touch.
2．说明文的基本结构
Descriptive writing
Definition
(Introduction)
Description
(Explanation)
Conclusion
Examples
Comparison
Classification
reasons why you should plan a trip here in the coming months.
some of the best
Cool temperatures, golden colors of autumn and dramatic events are just three reasons to visit Oregon’s Washington County this fall. The season brings a large number of places to see and things to do. We’ve collected
It’s a Harvest Season
Autumn marks the height of the agricultural season,….
The Colors Are Changing
On a cool, autumn day, the rural, agricultural and forested scenery of Oregon’s Washington County comes alive with bright red, orange and yellow leaves…
some of the best
例题
Example
reasons why you should plan a trip here in the coming months.
Bird Migration Season Is in High Season
September and October are busy months for bird watchers…
Experience Tree-to-Tree Adventures at Sunset
Enjoy the crisp temperatures and rich colors of the season at Tree to Tree Adventure Park…
5.Which is the main idea of the passage
A．Some reasons to visit Oregon’s Washington County
B．Washington County Welcomes its Best Season
C．Charm of the Colorful Season
D．Take Adventures in the Coming Autumn
A
3. 议论文的基本结构
Argumentation
Topic
Arguments
conclusion
Opinion
Supporting sentences
facts
examples
theory
论点
论据
结论
Like most people, I was brought up to look upon life as a process of getting. It was not until in my late thirties that
.You need not worry if you lack money. This is how I experimented with giving-away.
If an idea for improving the window display of a neighborhood store flashes to me, I step in and make the suggestion to the storekeeper. One discovery I made about giving-away is that it is almost impossible to give away anything in this world without getting something back, though the return often comes in an unexpected form.
giving-away makes life
I made this important discovery:
so much more exciting
so much more exciting
例题
Example
giving-away makes life
One Sunday morning the local post office delivered an important special delivery letter to my home, though it was addressed to me at my office. I wrote the postmaster a note of appreciation. More than a year later I needed a post-office box for a new business I was starting. I was told at the window that there were no boxes left, and that my name would have to go on a long waiting list. As I was about to leave, the postmaster appeared in the doorway. He had overheard (无意中听到) our conversation. “Wasn’t it you that wrote us that letter a year ago about delivering a special delivery to your home ” I said yes. “Well, you certainly are going to have a box in this post office if we have to make one for you. You don’t know what a letter like that means to us. We usually get nothing but complaints.”
4.记叙文的基本结构
Narrative writings
Story
presentation
Ending
Time clues
Inverted time clues
surprising
humorous
寻找主题句的方法
(一) 文中出现的连词（转折but/ however，因果 so/ therefore)，或一些常见但在文章中间出现有一定目的的词（in fact, the study shows that…, for example, in short）, 这些词后面所阐述的往往就是主题句 。
(二)首段出现疑问句时,对该问题的解答就是文章主旨.
Skills
寻找主题句的方法
(三) 有的文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中，这就需要读者对每段文章的段意进行归纳，在段落大意的基础上再进一步加工概括了。
(四)关注高频词 (常为名词) 。许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。
推敲选项, 排除干扰
推敲选项正误的5个小窍门:
⑴ 根据第一步寻找主题句,找出关键词,与四个选项进行匹配,选出最合适恰当的答案
⑵ 正确选项常含有概括性的词语
⑶ 正确选项一般不含绝对意义的词
⑷ 正确选项应能概括全文,内容全面,含义深刻或说明道理
⑸ 四个选项中,内容相近或完全相反的两个选项中往往有一个是正确答案
确定文章的标题 ：标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题。
1) The best title/ headline for this passage might be_____.
2) The text (passage) could be entitled ______.
What is the best title for the passage
4) Which of the following would be suitable
as a title for the passage
标题特征：
独特新颖
概括性强
短小精炼
Question Forms
Arriving in Sydney on his own from India, my husband, Rashid, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.
During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping. He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone. He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, including his passport.
Late in the evening, the phone rang. It was a stranger. He was trying to pronounce my husband‘s name and was asking him a lot of questions. Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can（垃圾桶）that had been left out on the footpath.
例题
Example
My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents. Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers. Her parents had carefully sorted them out, although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents. At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.
That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people. We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.
4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. From India to Australia. B. Living in a a New Country. C. Turning Trash to Treasure. D. In Search of New Friends.
C
Summary
of reading comprehension
遵循 四字原则:
精
用精炼的语言概括出文章的中心思想
准
要注意文章的内涵和外延, 把作者的观点准确地
表达出来.
要排除掉那些片面的选项, 选取包含文章的主要
内容及作者观点的选项, 范围不宜过大或过小.
全
新
所选择的标题要新颖,对读者有吸引力, 能激发读
者的阅读兴趣.
主旨大意题
段落主旨
文章主旨
标题
段首
段尾
段中
无主题句
新闻报道
说明文
议论文
记叙文
总分
总分总
分总
分总分
综合分析
独特新颖
概括性强
短小精炼
Practice makes perfect！