北师大版（2019） 高中英语选择性必修 第一册UNIT 1 RELATIONSHIPS同步练习（7份打包）

Section A　Topic Talk
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ n. 特性，品质
2．____________ n. 侄女，外甥女
3．____________ n. 侄子，外甥
4．____________ n. 流行性感冒，流感
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________ n．强烈的情感；热情→________ adj.热爱的，酷爱的；具有强烈信念的
2．________ adj.可信的，可靠的→________ adj.极好的；难以置信的
3．________ adj.偶尔的；偶然的→________ adv.偶尔；偶然→________ n．场合；时刻
4．________ n．感情；情感→________ adj.激起感情的；情感上的
5．________ adj.极度的；极大的→________ adv.极度，极其
6．________ n．感激→________ adj.感激的，感谢的→________ adv.感激地
7．humour n．幽默感→________ adj.幽默的，诙谐的→________ n．富于幽默感的人→________ adj.没有幽默感的→________ adv.幽默地
8．second adj.第二的→________ adj.中等教育的；中级的；次要的
9．host vt.主办；做……的东道主 n．主人；主持人→________ n．女主人；女主持人
10．out (向外，往外)＋going (离开，离去)→________ adj.外向的，好交际的
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
将汉语译成相应的英文短语
1．________________　　与……最亲近
2．________________ 期盼，期待
3．________________ 醒来
4．________________ 幽默感
5．________________ 酷爱；对……热情
6．________________ 一个特别的时刻
7．________________ 我的高中
8．________________ 一直，总是
9．________________ 感谢某人做某事
10．________________ 对……非常感激
将英文短语译成汉语
1．a series of ________________
2．be so kind to ________________
3．pass away ________________
4．have a similar personality to... ________________
5．feel/be positive about life ________________
6．fall behind in schoolwork ________________
7．stand by ________________
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．humour n．幽默；幽默感；心情
(教材原句)the same sense of humour 相同的幽默感
black humour 黑色幽默
in a good/bad humour 心情好/坏
a sense of humour 幽默感
out of humour (＝in a bad mood) 心情不好，发脾气
people with no sense of humour 没有幽默感的人
a good sense of humour 好的幽默感
some humour tips 一些幽默技巧
add humour 添加幽默
a confident form of humour 自信的幽默形式
You don't have to be the joke teller in the group in order to show your sense of humour.
你不必为了表现你的幽默感而在小组里讲笑话。
Dad is always in a good humour when gardening.
爸爸干园艺活时，心情总是很好。
[拓展]　humorous adj.幽默的；诙谐的→humorously adv.幽默地；滑稽地
a humorous end of the conversation
谈话以幽默的方式结束
humorous stories诙谐的故事
humorous moments幽默的片段
He gave a humorous account of their trip to Spain.他饶有风趣地讲述了他们的西班牙之行。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①This beautiful room is bathed in light. You'll wake up every morning ________ a good humour.
②One ________ (humour) complaint makes a funny person.
③The article deals with the issues of modern women ________ (humorous) and light-heartedly.
2．passionate adj.热爱的，酷爱的；具有强烈信念的　passion n．强烈的情感，激情；酷爱；盛怒
be passionate about 对……有热情，热爱……
have a passionate nature 天性易激动
a passionate interest in music 对音乐的浓厚兴趣
have a passion for 酷爱/热爱……
fly into a passion 勃然大怒
with passion 激动地，有激情地
We are both passionate about acting, which comes from us being so interested in people.
我们俩都热爱表演，这是因为我们都对人很感兴趣。
Being good at something and having a passion for it are not enough.擅长某件事并热爱它是不够的。
As soon as she saw the contents of the letter, she flew into a passion.她一看了信的内容，就大发脾气。
[拓展]　
passionately adv.激昂地；热烈地
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He is passionate ________ sports, most of which keeps him fit.
②He has a passion ________ Chinese literature, which dates back to his youth.
③The competitor made a ________ (passion) speech about the sufferings of the poor.
④Peter is ________ (passionate) involved in environmental issues.
3．outgoing adj.外向的，好交际的；即将离职的
an outgoing girl 外向的女孩
an outgoing personality 外向的性格
the outgoing tide 退潮
the outgoing president/government 即将下台的总统/政府
We're looking for someone with an outgoing personality.
我们在找一个性格外向的人。
It is easy for me to make new friends because I am very outgoing.对我来说交新朋友很容易，因为我很外向。
She is the outgoing head of a large corporation.
她是一家大公司即将离职的负责人。
Well, it functions by analyzing the waves of the incoming sound and creating a second set of outgoing waves.
好吧，它通过分析传入的声波，然后产生第二组传出的声波来发挥作用。
[注意]　
outgoing的比较级是more outgoing，最高级是most outgoing。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①In my opinion, my twin brother is ________ (outgoing) than me.
完成句子
②Linda used to be too shy to speak, __________________________(但是现在她是外向的).
4．host vt.主办；做……的东道主；主持　n．主人；主持人(对比：hostess n．女主人；女主持人)；主办方
(教材原句)．.. she hosted another Christmas dinner just so I could enjoy what I missed.
……她再次举办圣诞晚宴，这样我就能享受我错过的东西了。
host the Olympic Games 举办奥运会
host a ball 举办舞会
play host to 接待……；主办……
a host family 寄宿家庭
a host country 主办国
a television host 电视节目主持人
the host of the World Cup 世界杯的主办方
the host city/country 主办城市/国家
a TV game show host 电视竞赛节目主持人
Which country is going to host the next Olympic Games
哪个国家将主办下一届奥运会？
An excellent announcer should pronounce every word clearly when hosting a programme.
一个优秀的播音员在主持节目时应该把每一个词都念清楚。
We played host to the foreign guests last night.
昨天晚上我们接待了外宾。
If you're faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment.
如果你在晚宴上遭遇了尴尬的沉默，唯一能让大家再次交谈的方法就是赞美主人。
[拓展]　
名词＋后缀-ess(女……；雌……)
actor n．演员—actress n．女演员
waiter n．服务员—waitress n．女服务员
prince n．王子—princess n．公主
poet n．诗人—poetess n．女诗人
lion n．狮子—lioness n．母狮，雌狮
[即学即练]　写出句中host的词性及含义
①He recently hosted a dinner for the foreign exchange student from Argentina.____________
②At the end of the party, we thanked the host and went back home.____________
③Our city often hosts a number of lively festivals throughout the summer months. _________
完成句子
④The hostess ____________________ (接待) us when we paid a visit to her.
5．incredible adj.极好的；难以置信的　incredibly v．极其；难以置信地
(教材原句)That is incredible. It's clear that your mother loves you very much!
真是难以置信。很明显你妈妈非常爱你！
an incredible hotel 极好的旅馆
an incredible story 不可思议的故事
an incredible performance 令人难以置信的表演/惊人的表现
at an incredible speed 以难以置信的速度
incredibly lucky 极其幸运
incredibly stupid 极其愚蠢
incredibly difficult 极其困难
incredibly beautiful 极其美丽
It seems incredible that... 不可思议的是……
The dancer's incredible performance had the audience on their feet clapping for 10 minutes.
这位舞者令人难以置信的表演使观众站起来为其鼓掌10分钟。
Man can be incredibly intelligent at the point of danger.
人类在危险时刻有时会异常机智。
[句式]　
It is incredible that... 难以置信的是……
＝It's unbelievable that... ……难以置信。
It's incredible that you have lost my luggage!
难以置信的是你们把我的行李弄丢了！
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①________ is incredible that such a young child can recite so many Tang poems.
②I felt ________ (incredible) ashamed of myself for getting so angry.
写出句中incredible的含义
③Jake has raised two incredible kids and I trust his judgement. ____________
④It seemed incredible that people would still want to play football during a war. _________
完成句子
⑤________________________________ (难以置信的是) such amazing handwriting work was made by our students.
6．occasionally adv.偶尔；偶然；有时　occasion n．场合；时机；机会　occasional adj.偶尔的；临时的
(教材原句)It's good that we take some time occasionally to remember some of the positive things in life, don't you agree
我们偶尔花些时间来记住生活中一些积极的事情，这很好，你不同意吗？
meet sb. occasionally 偶尔见某人
on occasion(s) 有时，偶尔
on one occasion 有一次
on this/that occasion 这次/那次
on no occasion 在任何条件下都不
on the occasion of 值此……之际
if the occasion arises (＝if it becomes necessary) 如有必要
Birds were chattering somewhere, and occasionally he could hear a car pass by.
鸟儿在某处啁啾，偶尔他能听到一辆汽车经过。
[学法点拨]　当occasion表示“机会，时刻”，作先行词，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，关系词用when；当occasion表示“场合”，作先行词，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，关系词用where。
Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend with my kids.
我很少有时间和我的孩子们在一起。
This is not an occasion for laughter, where you must take it seriously.这不是一个说笑的场合，你必须严肃对待。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It is wrong to say anything like that ________ that occasion.
②It wouldn't hurt you to help with the housework ________ (occasional).
③I can remember very few occasions ______ he was absent because of sickness.
④All in an ________ (occasion) chance, he got the out-of-print book in a second-hand bookstore.
7．extremely adv.极度，极其　extreme adj. 极度的；极端的　n．极端
(教材原句)I'm extremely grateful to him.我非常感激他。
extremely important/useful 极为重要/有用
extremely cold 极其寒冷
extremely challenging 极具挑战性
extremely delicate 非常脆弱
extremely dangerous 极其危险
extremely anxious 急不可待
extremely painful 极度疼痛/痛苦
extremely difficult 极其困难
extremely urgent 迫在眉睫
It was an extremely cold winter's evening and freezing fog hung in the air.
那是一个极其寒冷的冬天的夜晚，空气中弥漫着冰冷的雾气。
The quality of customer service is extremely important.
客户服务质量极其重要。
[拓展]　extreme sports 极限运动
extreme weather 极端的天气
go to extremes/take sth. to extremes 走极端
in the extreme 极度；极端；非常
The young man used to be very brave, but now he's gone to the opposite extreme．
这个年轻人以前很勇敢，但现在却走向了另一个极端。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①This cake is ________ (extreme) delicious and you have to tell me all about it.
②The doctor told me not to mention dieting to her in case she took it ________ extremes.
完成句子
③It is ________________ (迫在眉睫) to seek out effective measures against computer viruses.
④The educationalist reminded the parents to be careful not to ______________(走极端).
8．grateful adj.感激的，感谢的　gratitude n．感谢；感激　gratefully adv.感激地
be grateful to sb. for sth. 因某事而感激某人
I would be grateful if you could...
＝I would appreciate it if you could...
如果你能……我将不胜感激。
be grateful that... 感激……
be grateful to do... 对做……表示感激
be thankful to sb. for sth./doing sth.
为(做)某事而感激某人
He is extremely grateful to all the teachers for their help.
他非常感谢所有老师的帮助。
I'd be very grateful if you could let me know as soon as possible.如果你能让我尽快知道，我会很感激的。
She was grateful that she had been admitted to Peking University.她很感激被北京大学录取了。
The old woman was grateful to have someone to talk to.
这位老妇人很感激有人跟她谈话。
We gratefully acknowledge the contributions of everyone who helped us.
我们衷心感谢每一个帮助我们的人所作出的贡献。
[拓展]　
in gratitude for... 对……表示感激
with gratitude 带着感激之情
She accepted his offer with gratitude．
她带着感激之情接受了他的帮助。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①She seems to think I should be grateful ________ (have) a job.
②We are extremely grateful ________ you for the trouble you have taken on our behalf.
③And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different grades of ________ (grateful).
④Any help or donations will be ________ (grateful) received.
完成句子
⑤He ________________ (因……感激我们) our timely help.
⑥________________ (如果你能……我将不胜感激) help me walk the dog when I'm away on holiday.
第二版块|重要短语
1．pass away 去世(die的委婉说法)；愉快地度过(尤指晚上的)时光；不复存在；消失
pass by 经过
pass down (常与介词to连用)把……传给后人(常用于被动语态)；传递(消息等)
pass...on to... 把……转交/传给……
Freddy passed away on Thanksgiving.弗雷迪在感恩节去世了。
Just now he passed by (me) without saying anything.
刚才他从(我)旁边经过时，没说话。
Pass the message down to the people at the end of the table.把这个消息传给桌子那端的人。
The skill has been passed down from father to son.
这手艺是父亲传给儿子的。
That taught me a valuable lesson and I pass it on to the people who work in the market.
那给我上了宝贵的一课，我把它传达给了在市场工作的人员。
[提示]　人们常用“离开了”(depart)，“离开了我们”(leave us)，“睡着了”(go to sleep)，“去天国了”(go to heaven)，“心脏停止了跳动”(one's heart has stopped beating)等委婉说法来替代说某人“死了”(die)。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Every time I pass ________ my niece's door, I hear her singing.
②Chairman Mao Zedong was born on December 26, 1893 and passed ________ on September 9, 1976.
③It's wonderful that you have passed your interest in music ________ your children.
④Pass the message ________ to the people at the end of the table.
2．lean on/upon 依靠；依赖
(教材原句)Sometimes they hold you up, and sometimes they lean on you.有时他们会把你抱起来，有时他们会靠在你身上。
lean out of... 把身子探出……外
lean against... (人)后背倚/靠在……上
lean one's head against sth. 把头靠在……里
lean on sb./sth. 依赖/依靠某人/某物
lean towards sth. 倾向于……
lean on sb. (not) to do sth. 威胁/恐吓/对某人施压(不要)做某事
Britain leans heavily on Europe for trade.
在贸易上英国严重依赖欧洲。
Lean on my arm！靠着我的胳膊吧！
He leant upon me.他依赖我。
He leant the ladder against the wall.他把梯子斜搭在墙上。
He is leaning his back against the wall.他背靠着墙站着。
He is not the person that you can lean on.
他不是你能依靠的人。
We were leant on to agree to his proposal.
我们被迫同意他的提议。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①She was leaning ________ the wall near the door.
②She leant her head ________ her mother's shoulder.
③It's dangerous to lean ________ of the window on a bus.
④The man is dependable. It means that the man is a person for us to lean ________．
⑤He leans ________ more lighthearted subjects in his later works.
3．stand by 站在……旁边，在场；袖手旁观；支持，帮助；坚持，遵守；做好准备；准备操作
(教材原句)Sometimes it's enough to know they are standing by.有时知道他们在袖手旁观就足够了。
stand for 代表；是……缩写；是……的象征
stand back 退后，靠后站
stand behind... 站在……后边；支持
stand against 坚决反对；对抗，抵抗
stand aside 移步到一边；让开
There were several people standing by when the accident happened.事故发生时，有几个人在场(站在旁边)。
We cannot stand by and watch while our allies are attacked.我们不能袖手旁观，坐视盟友被打。
China and other third world countries would stand by and work with each other in international affairs.
中国和其他第三世界国家在国际事务中一如既往地相互支持和配合。
Everyone, stand by for action！各位，准备行动！
[注意]　
本短语可转化为复合词standby，意为“可依靠的人(或东西)，待命状态”；还可转化为复合名词bystander，意为“(袖手)旁观者”。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He stood ________ the lathe (车床) watching how it was operating.
完成句子
②The president has said that he wouldn't ________ (袖手旁观) and let democracy be undermined (受破坏).
③I'll ________ (支持你) whatever happens.
④The city fire men had the flames under control, but additional firemen were kept ________ (待命状态) in case of need.
⑤Behind every successful man ________ (都有一个坚强的女人作后盾).
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．They ________ (举办) a dancing party at home occasionally to relax themselves.
2．It's ________ (令人难以置信的) how much his nephew has changed since they met.
3．Whenever I have to give a presentation, I get ________ (极其) nervous before I start.
4．I've been writing this report ________ (偶尔) for the last two weeks, but the deadline is tomorrow.
5．The host of the programme was born with a sense of ________ (幽默).
6．She had no extraordinary talents, and no marked ________ (特性) of character.
7．The educationalist has a ________ (酷爱的) interest in education.
8．Her niece has an ________ (外向的) personality and is easy to get along with.
9．It's extremely important to pay attention to the physical and ________ (情感上的) needs of young adults.
10．I am sincerely ________ (感激) to you for lending me a hand when I am in trouble.
Ⅱ.短语填空
have a passion for, pass away, on occasion, be passionate about, be grateful to, a sense of humour, stand by, lean on
1．He has been known ________________ to feel upset when he deals with some tough problems.
2．The news that the famous educationalist ________________ last week made us very sad.
3．My nephew ________________ me for offering financial help to him.
4．The host likes telling jokes and has ________________________．
5．The man who ________________ music passed away, which made us extremely sad.
6．He ________________ chasing his dream when he was young.
7．A young politician needs to ________________ the experience of older members of his party for several years.
8．I couldn't just ________________ while he was hitting the child.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．The idea of having to sell their home and move into a retirement home was an ________ (extreme) painful experience for them.
2．She was grateful ________ everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her.
3．In looking into the stories of biological discovery, I also began to find something else, a collection of scientists, usually brilliant, ________ (occasional) half-mad, who made the discoveries.
4．________ is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.
5．The ________ (humour) moments in the film made us extremely amused.
6．She was extremely grateful ________ her teacher who gave her generous help when she was at school.
7．The young lady suffered from ________ (emotion) shock and felt very desperate.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．在语言旅行学生中，住在寄宿家庭仍然受欢迎。
________________________________________________________________________
among language travel students.
2．很遗憾我们队在决赛中被击败了。
__________________________________________ our team was defeated in the final.
3．对司机来说，在红绿灯变换时加速是极其危险的。
It's ________________________________________________________________________
as the traffic lights are changing.
4．如果你能给我发送关于这些空缺职位的更多信息，我将感激不尽。
________________________________________________________________________
send me more information about the posts available.
Section A　Topic Talk
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．trait　2.niece　3.nephew　4.flu
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．passion; passionate　2.credible; incredible　3.occasional; occasionally; occasion　4.emotion; emotional　5.extreme; extremely　6.gratitude; grateful; gratefully　7.humourous; humourist; humourless; humourously　8.secondary　9.hostess
10．outgoing
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．be closest to　2.look forward to　3.wake up　4.a sense of humour　5.be passionate about　6.one particular occasion　7.my senior secondary school　8.all the time　9.thank sb. for doing sth.　10.be extremely grateful to
1．一系列的，一连串的　2.对……很好　3.去世(委婉说法)
4．和……有着相似的性格　5.对生活持积极态度　6.落下功课　7.站在旁边；支持
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．①in　②humorous　③humorously
2．①about　②for　③passionate　④passionately
3．①more outgoing　②but now she is outgoing
4．①动词，做……的东道主　②名词，主人　③动词，主办　④played host to
5．①It　②incredibly　③极好的　④难以置信的　⑤It is incredible that
6．①on　②occasionally　③when　④occasional
7．①extremely　②to　③extremely urgent　④go to extremes
8．①to have　②to　③gratitude　④gratefully　⑤is grateful to us for　⑥I would be grateful if you could
第二版块|重要短语
1．①by　②away　③on to　④down
2．①against　②on　③out　④on/upon　⑤towards
3．①by　②stand by　③stand by you　④standing by
⑤stands a strong woman
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．host　2.incredible　3.extremely　4.occasionally
5．humour　6.traits　7.passionate　8.outgoing
9．emotional　10.grateful
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．on occasion　2.passed away　3.was grateful to　4.a sense of humour　5.had a passion for　6.was passionate about 7．lean on/upon　8.stand by
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．extremely　2.for　3.occasionally　4.It　5.humorous　6.to　7.emotional
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．Living with host families remains popular
2．It's a pity that
3．extremely dangerous for the drivers to pick up speed
4．I would be very grateful if you couldSection G　单元主题写作——人际关系
1．写作任务
假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Jim不擅长与人交际，在学校不能融入同学中，因此朋友少，非常烦恼。请你给Jim回复一封邮件，内容包括：
1．表示同情；
2．你的建议。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
2．写作思路
(1)一审：体裁、结构和主题
体裁：应用文——建议信
结构：三段
主题：如何处理人际关系
(2)二定：时态与人称
时态：一般现在时为主
人称：第二人称
(3)三明确：写作要点
①表达同情
②提出建议：树立自信，微笑待人，参加班级活动
③表达希望
3．素材整理
(1)关键词语
feel depressed感到沮丧
handle the problem解决问题
the key problem关键的问题
avoid socializing with people逃避与人交往
avoid embarrassment避免尴尬
convey sth. to sb.向某人传递某事
engagement in sth.参与某事
a couple of几个
associate with sb.与某人交往
(2)完成句子
①很遗憾得知你如此沮丧。
I am really sorry ________________ that you are ________________．
②就我个人而言，我认为你是一个充满热情的人，关键的问题是你缺乏信心。
____________， I think you're a ____________ person and that your ________ of self-confidence is the ________________．
③为了解决这个问题，你不能逃避与他人社交。
________________ the problem, never ________ you ____________________ other people.
④尝试对同学微笑，因为正是微笑可以最好地传递你与人交友的愿望。
Try ________________ your classmates because it's a smile ________ can best ________ your wish to ________________．
⑤参与一些班级活动可以为你提供与人交往和建立友谊的机会。
________ in ________________________ class activities may provide you with chances ________________ and start up ________ with others.
⑥我真诚地希望这些建议可以对你有帮助。
I ________ hope these ________ may be ________ some ________ to you.
4．整理成文
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．写作练习
假设你是红星中学的李华，你校英文报纸正在举办征文比赛。请你以网络交友为主题，写一篇文章投稿，内容包括：
1．网络交友现状；
2．你的看法。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．标题已给出，不计入总词数。
Online friendship
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Section G　单元主题写作——人际关系
3．素材整理
(2)①to hear; feeling so depressed　②Personally; passionate; lack; key problem　③To handle; should; avoid associating with　④smiling at; that; convey; make friends
⑤Engagement; a couple of; to associate; friendship
⑥sincerely; tips; of; help
4．整理成文
(注：黑体部分为本单元的重点词汇)
Dear Jim，
I am really sorry to hear that you are feeling so depressed. The following tips might help you handle the problem.
Personally, I think you're a passionate person and that your lack of self-confidence is the key problem. To handle the problem, never should you avoid associating with other people. In order to avoid embarrassment, try smiling at your classmates because it's a smile that can best convey your wish to make friends. Moreover, engagement in a couple of class activities may provide you with chances to associate and start up friendship with others.
I sincerely hope these tips may be of some help to you.
Yours，
Li Hua
5．写作练习
参考范文：
(注：黑体部分为本单元的重点词汇)
Online friendship
Online friendship is a preference of some people. However, it's time that we saw it in a different angle．
In reality, being obsessed with online friendship makes people more and more separated. Besides, it's during the course of making friends online that personal privacy is constantly leaked, occasionally causing extremely serious problems.
Thus, not only should we realize the risk of making friends online but we should focus more on face-to-face relationship. Never can we be too careful with online friendship.Section E　Writing Workshop, Viewing Workshop & Reading Clubs 1～2
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ n. 代表……
2．____________ vi. 属/归于；应在(某处)；适应
3．____________ n. 原则；行为准则
4．____________ n. 差异，差别 vt. 形成对比
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________ vt.邀请→________ n．邀请
2．organ n．机构；器官→________ vt.组织，筹划→________ adj.有组织的→organiser n．组织者→ ________ n．组织，团体；组织工作
3．________ vi.竞争；参加比赛→________ n．选手，参赛者→________ n．竞争，比赛
4．________ v．参与，参加；雇用→________ n．参与；订婚；契约
5．________ vi.应在(某处)；适应→________ n．所有物
6．________ vt.批准，认可vi.赞成，同意→________ n．赞许；同意
7．________ v．保护，保卫；为……辩护；辩解→________ n．保护，防护；辩护→defensive adj.防御性的
8．innovate vt.改革；创新→________ n．革新；创新
9．clear adj.清楚的，清晰的→________ n．清楚，清晰→________ vt.澄清；阐明
10．progress v．& n．进步；进展→________ n．发展；变化
11．motivate vt.激励；激发→ ________ adj.积极的→________ adj.不积极的；不主动的→________ n．动力，积极性
12．fluency n．流畅，熟练→________ adj.流畅的；流利的→________ adv.流畅地；流利地
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
将汉语译成相应的英文短语
1．________________ 邀请信
2．________________ 组织一场英语戏剧比赛
3．________________ 代表某人
4．________________ 组织一场……比赛
5．________________ 乐意做某事
6．________________ (反复考虑后)做出决定
7．________________ 参加一个简短的会议
8．________________ 占用您太多的时间
9．________________ 渴望做某事
10．________________ 一周一次
11．________________ 做家务
将英文短语译成汉语
1．give a five-minute speech　　________________
2．be responsible for ________________
3．sincerely hope... ________________
4．purpose of writing ________________
5．write in the first person ________________
6．end your invitation politely ________________
7．become interested in ________________
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．invitation n．邀请；请柬；招致；鼓励　invite vt.邀请
(教材原句)AN INVITATION LETTER邀请信
an invitation card/an invitation letter 请柬
a letter of invitation 邀请信
accept/decline an invitation 接受/婉拒邀请
admission is by invitation only 凭请柬入场
send out an invitation 发出邀请
receive an invitation 收到邀请
refuse/turn down an invitation 拒绝邀请
at one's invitation/at the invitation of sb. 应某人的邀请
by invitation only 凭请柬
[比较] 　
Much to my regret，I am unable to accept your kind invitation.不能接受您的盛情邀请，我深感抱歉。
Thank you for your invitation，which I am very pleased to accept.承蒙邀请，我欣然接受。
I received his invitation to the party but I didn't accept it.我收到了他的聚会邀请，但是我没接受。
This is the second time that the nice young man has invited me out for dinner！这是那位好心的年轻人第二次请我出去吃饭！
For the first time in our lives，we were invited to an important ball.
那是我们一生中第一次应邀去参加一个重要的舞会。
Hello，ladies and gentlemen！Today，we have invited Prof.Stone to talk about the role of elderly people in our society.
女士们、先生们，你们好！今天，我们邀请了斯通教授来谈谈老年人在我们社会中的作用。
[拓展]　invite vt.邀请；请求；招致→inviting adj.诱人的；吸引人的
invite sb. for邀请某人参加
invite sb. in邀请某人进屋
invite sb. out邀请某人外出(尤指是去吃饭或看电影)
invite sb. over for dinner
邀请某人到家中吃饭
invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事
invite sb. to...(to后加“名词”)
邀请某人到某地或参加某活动
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The kitchen was warm, ________ (invite) and blessedly familiar.
②Don't stand talking at the gate, Bruce. Invite your friend ________．
③Doctoral candidates will be invited ________ an interview early next month.
④I'm afraid we can't come, but thanks for the ________ (invite) anyway.
完成句子
⑤I received ______________________ (一封邀请信), but I didn't accept.
⑥Mother __________________________ (接受邀请) to a dinner party, but a headache made her beg off.
2．organise vt.组织，筹划，安排　organisation n．组织，安排；条理　organiser n．组织者　organised 又作organized adj.有组织的；有条理的
(教材原句)Imagine you are going to organise an English Drama Competition in your school...
假设你要在学校组织一场英语戏剧比赛……
organise a meeting/concert 筹办会议/音乐会
organise...into... 组织……成立……
organise sb. to do sth. 组织某人做某事
They organised a campaign to raise money for the war refugees.他们组织了一次为战争难民筹款的活动。
If you want to speak at the meeting，you should organise your thoughts well before hand.
你如果想在会上发言，应该事先把思路理顺。
A special group was organised to dig up the particulars of the case.成立了一个专门的小组来查明该案件的细节。
The department was badly organised until she took charge of it.这个部门在她负责以前组织工作做得很差。
She is highly intelligent but her work lacks organisation.
她聪慧绝顶，工作却缺乏条理。
[搭配]　an organised body of workers一个有组织的工人团体
well/badly/carefully organised组织良好的/很糟的/周密的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I leave most of the ________ (organise) of these conferences to my assistant.
②The workers were not better ________ (organise); otherwise they would have accomplished the task in half the time.
③Group activities will ________ (organise) after class to help children develop team spirit.
④The ________ (organise) had expected about 20，000 people to attend the concert.
完成句子
⑤We ____________________________ (筹办了一场音乐会) on the anniversary of our school.
3．clarity n．清楚，清晰；清澈
(教材原句)Competitors should be judged on their pronunciation，clarity and fluency，and also progression of ideas and audience engagement.
评判参赛者的标准应包括他们的发音、清晰度和流畅度，以及思维的连贯性和观众的参与度。
have clarity with sth. 清楚……
have clarity on sth. 明确……
lose clarity 失去清晰度
with clarity 清晰地
for the sake of clarity 为了清晰起见
the clarity of the spring water 泉水的清澈
clarity of thinking 思路清晰
clarity of expression 表达清晰
He always puts his point of view with clarity and with courage.(with clarity清楚明了地)
他一贯勇于清晰地阐释自己的观点。
When writing instructions，clarity of statement is the most important thing.
编写操作说明时，表述清晰明白是最重要的事情。
The first thing to strike me was the amazing clarity of the water.首先吸引我的是水的无比清澈。
She expressed herself with great clarity.
她非常清晰地表达了自己的观点。
For the sake of clarity, she went back over the key points.
为了清晰起见，她又回顾了一遍要点。
[拓展]　
clarify vt.澄清；阐明
clarify rights and wrongs澄清是非
clarify the situation澄清情况
clarify the meaning阐明用意
[语境助记]　I am happy to clarify any points that are still unclear.
我很乐意说明任何仍然不清楚的地方。
Headings and sub-headings further clarify the structure of the article.
标题和小标题使文章的结构更加清楚。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The teacher's explanation ________ (clarify) the puzzling problem.
②The picture was of such ________ (clarify) that it could have been a photograph.
③He had only visited the village once, but remembered it ________ surprising clarity.
完成句子
④He issued a statement to __________________________ (澄清情况).
4．engagement n．参与；约会，约定；订婚　engage v．参与；吸引；雇用预定，使从事，使订婚)
have an engagement with 与……有约
keep the engagement 守约
carry out an engagement 履行预约
cancel an engagement 取消约定
break off one's engagement to sb. 解除与某人的婚约
announce one's engagement to sb. 宣布与某人订婚
an engagement ring 订婚戒指
an engagement letter 聘书
an engagement party 订婚宴会
encourage engagement in sth. 鼓励参与某事
promote engagement in sth. 推动参与某事
lack engagement in sth. 缺少参与某事
engage with sb./sth. 与某人交战/处理某事
engage sb. to sb. 把某人许给某人；让某人与某人订婚
engage sb. to do sth. 聘请某人做某事
engage in doing sth. 积极参与做某事
engage one's interest/attention 吸引某人的兴趣/注意力
Their engagement was announced in the local paper.
他们订婚的消息已在当地报纸上公布。
I have an engagement with him this afternoon.
今天下午我和他有个约会。
The activity calls on the engagement of all the college students.这项活动要求所有的大学生都参与进来。
The old man engaged his daughter to a soldier.
那老头儿把女儿许给了一位当兵人。
The woman engaged herself in washing clothes.
那女子忙于洗衣。
Father engaged a man to manage his farm.
父亲雇了一个人来管理农场。
We acknowledge the need to engage directly with these problems.我们承认需要立即处理这些问题。
A computer engages his interest now.
电脑吸引了他的兴趣。
[拓展]　
engaged adj.忙于；已订婚
be engaged in (doing) sth.
忙于(做)某事；参加某活动等
be engaged to sb.与某人订婚
At present I'm engaged in the revision of my dictionary.
目前我正忙于修订我那本词典。
A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than those who are not.
一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加的学生更快乐。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①My daughter was engaged ________ a young teacher last year.
②He has a number of social ________ (engagement) next week.
③He intends to ________ (engage) in foreign trade after graduation.
④She engaged ________ people of different backgrounds.
⑤I can't see you on Monday because I have a previous ________ (engage).
完成句子
⑥Professor Smith ________________ (忙于) his paper currently.
5．sincerely adv.真诚地，由衷地　sincere adj.真诚的；诚挚的
(教材原句)I sincerely hope you can come. If you have any questions, please do let me know.
我真诚地希望您能来。如果您有任何问题，请一定告诉我。
sincerely invite/hope/advise 真诚邀请/希望/建议
sincerely appreciate/apologise 衷心感谢/致歉
yours sincerely 谨上，敬上，谨启
sincere love 真诚的爱
be sincere in 在……方面是真诚的
sb's sincere gratitude 某人真诚的感谢
I sincerely hope that you will be successful next time.
我由衷地希望你下次成功。
We sincerely look forward to your cooperation.
我们真诚地期待与您的合作。
You are sincerely requested to be present at the party.
敬请您光临聚会。
He refused to be sincere about his feelings.
他不愿诚实面对自己的感情。
Have they been sincere in their efforts to resolve the crisis？他们是诚心诚意尽了全力来解决危机吗？
[拓展]　
sincerity n．真诚；诚挚
in all sincerity＝with all sincerity
非常真诚地；衷心地
don't doubt one's sincerity
不要怀疑某人的诚意
be convinced of sincerity相信真诚
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I ________ (sincere) believe that this is the right decision.
②She is never completely sincere ________ what she says about people.
③I can say ________ all sincerity that you have been my most loyal friend.
完成句子
④We appreciate your support, and ____________________________ (真诚地道歉) for the inconvenience.
6．approval n．赞许；同意；批准　approve vt.批准　vi.同意，赞成
without approval 未经批准
official approval 正式批准
meet with approval 取得认可；得到批准
approve of sb./sth. 赞成/同意某人/某事
approve of (sb./sb.'s) doing sth. 同意(某人)做某事
I can't agree to anything without my partner's approval.
没有合伙人的认可我什么也不能答应。
We hope today's offer will meet with your approval too.
我们希望今天的提议也将会得到您的批准。
The audience showed its approval by cheering loudly.
观众高声喝彩表示赞许。
Everybody approves of the plan for a new school building.大家都赞成建造一所新校舍的计划。
The city council approved the building plan.
市议会批准了这项建筑计划。
[拓展]　
disapprove v．不赞成→disapproval n．不赞成
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①You'd better cut your hair short. Our school doesn't approve of students ________ (wear) long hair.
②It has been just three months since we received official ________ (approve) to go ahead with the project.
③Nobody can establish any satellite communication network ________ approval.
完成句子
④The plan will be submitted to the committee for ______________________ (正式批准).
7．defend v．保护，保卫；辩护，辩解；为……辩护　defence n．防御；辩护；防御物　defensive adj.防御性的；辩护的
(教材原句)Bullies pick easy targets—people who are outside the peer group and whom the group is unlikely to defend.
恃强凌弱者选择易攻击的目标——那些处于同龄人群体之外，而且群体不太可能保护他们的人。
defend oneself 自卫；为自己辩护
defend sb./oneself/sth. from/against...
保护某人/自己/某物免受……；为某人/自己/某事辩护……
defence works 防御工事，防御工程
in defence of 为了保卫……；为……辩护
in one's defence 为某人辩护；站在某人一边
come to one's defence 来为某人辩护；来辩护某人
They tried to defend themselves against the enemy with all their might.他们竭尽全力抵御敌人。
What points can be raised in defence of this argument
有什么论点能提出来为这个说法辩护呢？
[语境助记]　The dyke was built to defend the road from being washed away by the sea.
建这座堤坝是为了保护公路不被海水冲垮。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The immune system is our main ________ (defend) against disease.
②All our officers are trained to defend ________ (they) against knife attacks.
③The town walls were built as a defence ________ enemy attacks.
④He realised none of his schoolmates would come ________ his defence.
⑤We should show respect for the soldiers who died ________ defence of our country.
8．principle n．原则；行为准则；法则，原理
(教材原句)Your friends think you are a person with principles.你的朋友们认为你是一个有原则的人。
a matter of principle 原则问题
the working/basic/design principle 工作/基本/设计原理
in principle 原则上；大体上
without principle 毫无原则地
stick to one's principles 坚持某人的原则
be against one's principles 违背某人的原则
In principle，we usually don't allow any discount.
原则上，我们一般是不给任何折扣的。
It will be against my principles to lie to you.
对你说谎是违背我的原则的。
A bicycle and a motorcycle are built on the same principle.
自行车和摩托车是根据同样的原理制造的。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I agree with it ________ principle but I doubt if it will happen in practice.
②These people lack all understanding of scientific ________ (principle).
③Anyway, I can't cheat in the exams—it's ________ my principles.
完成句子
④________________________________ (恪守你的原则) and tell him you won't do it.
9．contrast n．差异，差别；对比；明显不同的人(或事物)　v. 形成对比；显出明显的差异
(教材原句)In contrast to extroverts, they value fewer, but deeper experiences.
与外向的人相比，他们看重较少但更深刻的体验。
by/in contrast 相比之下
by/in contrast to/with 与……形成对比；与……相比
There is an obvious contrast between...(and...)
……(和……) 之间有明显的差异。
It was cold yesterday，but in contrast it's very hot today.
昨天天气寒冷，而相比之下今天却很热。
In contrast with/to their system，ours seems very old-fashioned.与他们的系统相比，我们的系统就显得陈旧过时了。
There is an obvious contrast between the cultures of East and West.东西方文化之间有明显的差异。
Her actions contrasted sharply with her promises.
她的行动与她的诺言相差甚远。
When you contrast their work records，you can find that Julie is clearly more qualified.
对比他们的工作记录，你会发现茱莉显然更有能力。
[拓展]　
contrast A and/with B　把A与B进行对比
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It is interesting to contrast the British legal system ________ the American one.
②The gap between the richest and the poorest ________ (contrast) sharply.
③In contrast ________ your belief that we will fail, I am confident that we will succeed.
完成句子
④She had almost failed the exam, but her sister, ________________________ (相比之下), had done very well.
⑤This appears small ________________ (与……相比) that.
10．motivation n．动力，积极性；动机　motivate v．激励，激发；成为……的动机　motivated adj.积极的；主动的　unmotivated adj.无动机的；无热情的
(教材原句)When feeling bad or stressed, introverts look inside themselves for energy and motivation.当感觉不好或有压力时，内向的人会从自己的内心寻找能量和动力。
learning motivation 学习动机
one's motivation 某人做某事的动机
motivate sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事
be motivated by... 受……的激励/激发
Her motivation for writing was a desire for women to get the right to education.她写作的动机是渴望女性有权接受教育。
Motivation to learn must come from the child；it cannot be artificially imposed.
学习的动力必须源于孩子，是不可以人为强加的。
How do you motivate people to work hard and efficiently
你是如何激励人们努力而高效地工作的？
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The plan is designed to motivate employees ________ (work) more efficiently.
②If you're feeling ________ (motivate), it may just be that the things on your to-do list bore you.
③The stronger the ________ (motivate) is, the more quickly a person will learn a foreign language.
④Everything she does ________ (motivate) only by a desire for money.
第二版块|重要短语
1．on behalf of代表……(＝on one's behalf))
(教材原句)I am writing on behalf of the school's Student Union.我代表校学生会写(这封电子邮件)。
We are very glad to put on a performance here on behalf of our school.我们很高兴代表我们学校在这里演出。
The president can't be here today, so I'm going to speak on behalf of him.总裁今天不能来这里了，所以我将代表他发言。(＝on his behalf)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Mr Knight cannot be here, so his wife will accept the prize ________ his behalf.
②He spoke on behalf ________ all the members of the faculty.
2．take up占据；拿起；开始从事；继续；接受
(教材原句)We would not take up too much of your time.
我们不会占用您太多的时间。
This thing takes up all my attention.
这件事占用了我所有的注意力。
He took up the telephone receiver and began to dial.
他拿起电话听筒开始拨号。
take away 拿走，带走
take back 收回(说错的话)；退回；使回忆起
take down 记录；取下
take in 吸收；欺骗；收留；理解
take on 呈现；雇用；承担
take over 接管；接任
take off 脱掉；起飞；突然成功
take out 带……出去；提(款)
Do you think we should take down the decorations
你觉得我们应当取下这些装饰品吗？
She read a few poems，but did not take them in.
她读了几首诗，但没有理解。
She refused to take on the traditional woman's role.
她拒绝承担传统妇女的角色。
She decided that I was the ideal person to take over the job.她认定我是接管这项工作的最佳人选。
[语境助记]　He took up a position as an editor after graduating from the university.
他大学毕业后从事编辑工作。
I put the telephone down and took up my work again.我放下电话继续做我的工作。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Mike called his assistant, Hashim, to take ________ while he was out.
②Taking ________ his coat, he jumped into the river to save the drowning child.
③I was taken ________ by the salesman—the car turned out to be uneconomical and unreliable.
④Her time is fully taken ________ with computer games, which leads to her bad performance in learning.
写出句中的take up 的含义
⑤I don't suppose I will take up too much of your time.____________
⑥She took up the narrative (叙述)where John had left off.____________
⑦Many retired people take up gardening as a hobby.____________
3．build up增强，加强；逐步增长；积累；建立
(教材原句)The most important thing is to build up self-confidence...最重要的事情是建立自信……
It may take a few weeks for you to build up your strength again.可能需要几个星期你才能恢复体力。
We first have to build up our reserves of manpower.
我们首先得加强人力储备。
A bank of clouds had built up along the western horizon.
一堆堆的云沿着西边的地平线积聚起来了。
“v.＋up”型短语：
bring up抚养，养育；提出 come up走近；被提到
cut up切碎 cheer up(使)高兴起来
keep up保持；跟上 pick up拾起；接载；学会
look up查阅；向上看 turn up出现；开大
These are matters that you can bring up in the committee meeting.这些问题你可以在委员会会议中提出。
The next morning，my mum came to pick me up.
第二天早上，我的妈妈来接我。
[即学即练]　写出句中build up的含义
①Taking exercise will build up your strength.____________
②He built up the business at the expense of his health.____________
③She's built up a good stock of teaching materials over the years.____________
选词填空：build/pick/turn
④She soon ________ up French when she went to live in France.
⑤The collection has been ________ up over the last seventeen years.
⑥The book you've lost may ________ up one of these days.
4．be likely to可能
(教材原句)People who are low in confidence and unsure of themselves may be more likely to seek their peer's approval...信心不足和缺乏自信的人也许更有可能寻求同伴的认可……
be likely to do sth. 可能做某事
It's (more than) likely (that)... (很)可能……
It's more likely (that)... 更可能……
Not likely! 绝对不可能！才不呢！(表示坚决不同意)
Eating and drinking too much is likely to give one stomach trouble.暴饮暴食容易得胃病。
It is likely that more earthquakes will occur in this region.这个地区可能会发生更多的地震。
It's more than likely that people don't know how much it is worth.人们很可能不知道它的价值。
[误区警示]　
It is likely/possible/probable that...(√)
It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.(√)
Sb/Sth. is likely to do sth.(√)
Sb/Sth is possible/probable to do sth.(×)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①These developments are likely ________ (make) our current problems with robocalls much worse.
②It is likely ________ virtual reality will become a part of modern life in the near future.
选词填空：likely/possible/probable
③It is ________ for you to grow this flower even in winter.
④It is highly ________ that he will take over his father's business.
⑤He is ________ to make rapid progress in English because he is studying hard.
第三版块|典型句式
1．what引导的表语从句
(教材原句)It is what makes people individual and unique.
它是使人具有个性和独特性的东西。
I could get you a job here if that's what you want.
我可以给你在这里找份工作，如果那就是你想要的。
The only thing that impresses me is what she said about Anhui.唯一让我印象深刻的事情是她对安徽的评价。
[误区警示]　(1)what引导名词性从句时，在从句中作主语、表语、宾语等，意为“所……的东西”，相当于all that/the thing(s) that。
What appears difficult may be very easy.
看起来很难的事情也许很容易。(作主语)
What we liked most was his smiles.
我们最喜欢的就是他的微笑。(作宾语)
I have no idea what he is doing now.
我不知道他现在在干什么。(作宾语)
China is not what she was more than 50 years ago.
中国已不是50多年前的中国了。(作表语)
(2)that引导名词性从句时，在从句中不充当成分，也无具体意思，只起连接作用，在宾语从句中常省略，但在主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中一般不能省略。
My idea is that you shouldn't have left the country.
我的意见是你本不应该离开这个国家。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.
②As John Lennon once said, life is ________ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
③This is ________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
完成句子
④The advantage of cycling to work is ________________________________ (我们可以过低碳生活).
⑤—What a mess! You are always so lazy!
—I'm not to blame, Mum. I am __________________________ (你所塑造的).
2．状语从句的省略
(教材原句)When feeling bad or stressed, introverts look inside themselves for energy and motivation.当感到难过或有压力时，内向的人会从自己的内心寻找能量和动力。
[句式分析]　When feeling bad or stressed是时间状语从句的省略形式，补充完整应为When they are feeling bad or stressed。
[提示]　在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，只有在满足下面两个条件时，状语从句才能省略：①从句谓语部分含有be动词；②从句主语和主句主语一致或从句主语是it。
从句常省略的成分：主语和be动词。从句省略后的形式：“连词＋非谓语动词/形容词”(作状语)。这些状语从句常由when、while、once、before、whenever、if、as if/though、unless、though和although等引导。
Although (he was) frightened, he managed to run away.
虽然很害怕，他还是成功逃脱了。
If (it is) necessary，I can come at once.
如果有必要，我可以马上来。
[链接]　有些由if，when等构成的省略结构已属固定结构：
if so如果这样的话；if not如果不；if necessary若有必要；if possible 如果有可能；when necessary在必要时
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while ________ (use) its supply of natural resources.
②One day after school, while ________ (explore) the green woods of this magnificent mountain, I almost fell on a set of stairs.
③Once, when ________ (try) a certain trick on the beam, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe.
④One group was asked to seek out an interaction with its waiter; the other, to speak only ________．
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Her nephew competed in an English speech contest last week, the ________ (话题) of which is how to protect the environment.
2．She is expecting her niece's ________ (参与) in more social activities.
3．My mate refuses to allow her family to help her as a matter of ________ (原则).
4．He is very intelligent but he lacks ________ (积极性).
5．The girl desperately wanted to win her father's ________ (同意).
6．His parents were desperate to ________ (保护) him from danger in the earthquake.
7．Over 200 ________ (选手) signed up for the innovation competition.
8．She was grateful to me ________ (真诚地) for my financial support to her.
9．The competitors were given an ________ (邀请) to take part in an activity.
10．A debate whose topic is whether students should use phones at school will be ________ (组织).
Ⅱ.短语填空
on behalf of; take place; in one's defence; belong to; take up; in contrast to
1．Jackson talked to his mother in a gentle voice ____________ his usual manner.
2．I have to say ____________ that my niece knew nothing about it beforehand.
3．Playing football and watching TV ____________ much of my nephew's spare time.
4．They have a passionate interest in music and ____________ the music group.
5．Five competitors took part in the English speech contest ____________ our school.
6．They organised a big concert and it ____________ as scheduled.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Do you want to be a good public speaker Here are some ________ (principle) you must master.
2．This led to an unexpected ________ (consequent), though she had a wonderful time there.
3．It found many youngsters (少年) now measure their status by how much public ________ (approve) they get online, often through “Likes”．
4．However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my ________ (motivate) lies
5．When the answer was no, she declined the ________ (invite).
6．If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong ________ the same gym.
7．Our mission is to create a welcoming environment in which residents feel comfortable, safe and a sense of ________ (belong).
8．“Small does not mean weak, sir，” she defended ________ (she).
9．An innovation competition will ________ (organise) in our school.
10．On behalf ________ his school, my nephew competed in the robot competition.
11．The ________ (compete) won first place because of her fluency in English.
12．The competitor failed in the competition, which made her ________ (depress).
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．我侄女不知道那天晚上发生了什么事。
My niece didn't know ____________ that night.
2．我最喜欢的是和同学交往。
____________________________ is associating with my classmates.
3．到目前为止，我还没有习惯我侄子的伦敦口音。
I ________________________________ my nephew's London accent so far.
4．到目前为止，我的朋友Tom已经背诵了三百首诗歌。
My mate Tom ______________________ so far.
5．____________________ (当被问及) why he came late again, he failed to say any excuse.
Section E　Writing Workshop, Viewing Workshop & Reading Clubs 1～2
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．behalf　2.belong　3.principle　4.contrast
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．invite; invitation　2.organise; organised; organisation
3．compete; competitor; competition　4.engage; engagement
5．belong; belongings　6.approve; approval　7.defend; defence　8.innovation　9.clarity; clarify　10.progression　11.motivated; unmotivated; motivation　12.fluent; fluently
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．an invitation letter　2.organise an English Drama Competition　3.on behalf of sb.　4.run a(n)... competition
5．be willing to do sth.　6.come to a decision　7.attend a short meeting　8.take up too much of your time　9.long to do sth.　10.once a week　11.do one's chores
1．做五分钟的演讲　2.对……负责　3.真诚地希望……
4．写作目的　5.用第一人称写　6.礼貌地结束邀请
7．对……感兴趣
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．①inviting　②in　③for　④invitation　⑤a letter of invitation　⑥accepted an invitation
2．①organisation　②organised　③be organised　④organisers
⑤organised a concert
3．①clarifies/clarified　②clarity　③with　④clarify the situation
4．①to　②engagements　③be engaged　④with
⑤engagement　⑥is engaged in
5．①sincerely 　②in　③in　④sincerely apologise
6．①wearing　②approval　③without　④official approval
7．①defence　②themselves　③against　④to　⑤in
8．①in　②principles　③against　④Stick to your principles
9．①and/with　②contrasts　③with/to　④by/in contrast
⑤by/in contrast to/with
10．①to work　②unmotivated　③motivation　④is motivated
第二版块|重要短语
1．①on　②of
2．①over　②off　③in　④up　⑤占用　⑥继续　⑦开始从事
3．①增强　②建立　③积累　④picked　⑤built　⑥turn
4．①to make　②that　③possible　④likely/possible/probable
⑤likely
第三版块|典型句式
1．①that　②what　③what　④that we can live a low-carbon life　⑤what you have made me
2．①using　②exploring　③trying　④when necessary
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．topic　2.engagement　3.principle　4.motivation
5．approval　6.defend　7.competitors　8.sincerely
9．invitation　10.organised
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．in contrast to　2.in her defence　3.take up　4.belong to　5.on behalf of　6.took place
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．principles　2.consequence　3.approval　4.motivation
5．invitation　6.to　7.belonging　8.herself　9.be organised
10．of　11.competitor　12.depressed
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．what happened　2.What I like most　3.haven't got used to
4．has recited 300 poems　5.When askedSection D　Lesson 3　So Close, Yet So Far
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ n. 百万
2．____________ n. 寝室，学生宿舍
3．____________ n. 朋友，伙伴
4．____________ vi. 上下滚动
5．____________ vi. & vt. 努力赢得n. 追逐，追赶
6．____________ vi. & vt. 弯腰；俯身
7．____________ n. 酒
8．____________ vi. & vt. 推迟，延期
9．____________ adj. 拼命的；绝望的
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________ adj.连续发生的；不断的；重复的→________ adv.持续不断地
2．________ adj.光秃秃的；赤裸的→________ adv.几乎不
3．________ vt.保留；预订→________ adj.含蓄的；内敛的
4．________ n．金属丝；金属线→________ adj.联网的；极其兴奋的
5．________ vt.转移(注意力)；分散(思想)；使分心→________ adj.心神不定的，精神无法集中的
6．________ adj.真实的，真正的→________ n．现实；真实
7．________ vt.激励；刺激→________ n．刺激
8．________ vt.使抑郁；使沮丧；使消沉；使失去信心→________ adj.沮丧的；忧愁的
9．________ adj.粗鲁的→________ adv.粗鲁地→________ n．粗鲁
10．________ vt.安排，确定(时间、地点)→________ n．约定；约会
11．________ vi. & vt.抱怨；不满；发牢骚→________ n．诉苦；抱怨；投诉，控告
12．________ vi. & n．闲谈，闲聊→________ vi.唠叨，喋喋不休
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
将汉语译成相应的英文短语
1．________________ 在社交媒体上发表最新信息
2．________________ 与某人交往
3．________________ 感到孤独
4．________________ 远不止；远远超出(非正式)
5．________________ 一个害羞或含蓄的人
6．________________ 接通电源(也表示上网)
7．________________ 表面上
8．________________ 心神不定的，精神无法集中的
9．________________ 把人们联系得更加紧密
10．________________ 事实上
11．________________ 打算做某事
12．________________ 关注，注意
13．________________ 追逐；追赶
14．________________ 做某事花费一些时间
15．________________ 接听电话
将英文短语译成汉语
1．in the shower ________________
2．check through ________________
3．all over again ________________
4．a million miles away ________________
5．obsess over ________________
6．on my account ________________
7．set deadlines for oneself ________________
8．rather than ________________
9．drag sb. away from ________________
10．be desperate to do sth. ________________
11．feel depressed ________________
12．after all ________________
课文研析·语篇理解
Ⅰ.课文思维导图
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．When does the author live without checking through his social networking apps
A．In a shower.
B．On the way to school.
C．Having a coffee.
D．Having a sound sleep.
2．What can we know about the author
A．He has lots of friends online.
B．He is a reserved person.
C．He never attends parties.
D．He never feels lonely.
3．What does Mark do on social media every day
A．Send text messages to his parents.
B．Discuss homework with his friends.
C．Download songs that he likes very much.
D．Post updates on social media.
4．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Mark is addicted to social media.
B．Social media affects Mark's study.
C．Social networking dominates Mark's life in many ways.
D．Mark can't give up his phone.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Mark lives in a university dorm with a couple of great roommates and he often associates 1.________ his friends online. Yet he still feels lonely. According to research, over two-thirds of young people find it easier 2.________ (make) friends online than it is “in real life”. On the surface, they have an active social life but they are always 3.________ (distract). Phones bring people closer together but in 4.________ (real), their minds are always a million 5.________ (mile) away.
Social networking 6.________ (dominate) Mark's life in so many ways, which makes 7.________ hard for him to concentrate on his study. He downloads song after song, video after video, but isn't truly enjoying it. He constantly feels 8.________ (depress), dissatisfied and alone. Since he spends so much time 9.________ (socialise) online, he keeps delaying things that are important in his real life.
10．________ is really worrying is that no one Mark knows could go cold turkey. He can't even imagine going without social networking for a week.
教材助读·开放课堂
[教材原文]
Mark never stops socialising① with his friends online. But he's also never felt more alone 【1】．
【1】本句使用了“否定词＋比较级”结构，表示最高级含义。
Where am I What am I doing If you're one of my 500 friends online, you'll always be the first to know. My phone and laptop② are never out of touching distance③， so I'm constantly④ posting updates on social media—whether I'm having a coffee, on my way to⑤ school, watching TV... even when I'm in the shower⑥ 【2】. As soon as I open my eyes in the morning, I check through⑦ all my social networking⑧ apps⑨， read my emails and answer text messages⑩. I do the same thing all over again while I'm having breakfast.
【2】本句为连词so连接的并列句，表示因果关系。whether引导的让步状语从句(whether I'm having...watching TV...)和when引导的时间状语从句(when I'm in the shower)是对I'm constantly posting updates on social media作进一步说明。
I live in a university dorm with a couple of great roommates. I have a never-ending flow of messages and updates from all the people I associate with online. Yet the truth of the matter is: I feel lonely.
I'm barely the only person who feels this way. According to research, over two-thirds of young people find it easier to make friends online than it is “in real life” 【3】. I'm way beyond a shy or reserved person, but I'm wired up every day, like most of my friends. On the surface ， I have an active social life. I attend parties and play sports but I'm always distracted . They say that phones bring people closer together but in reality ， my mind is always a million miles away 【4】. I obsess over exactly how many followers I have on my account ， but I can't remember the birthdays of some of my oldest mates .
【3】画线部分属于“find＋it＋adj.＋to do”结构，本句中it是形式宾语，不定式短语是真正的宾语。
【4】本句为but连接的并列复合句。that phones...together为that引导的宾语从句。
Social networking dominates my life in so many ways. Sometimes I set deadlines for myself: I will start doing my homework at 8 pm, and aim to finish in two hours. At 7.50 pm, I'm still scrolling through my friends' silly posts and photos. Before I know it, it's 9.30 pm and I still haven't moved an inch from the sofa. I download song after song, video after video, but I'm not really paying attention. The stimulation is in chasing after the next song rather than truly enjoying it. My friends try to drag me away from my phone, but as soon as I'm alone again, I'm desperate to get back to the online world and the intense activity that it provides 【5】．
【5】本句为but连接的并列句。第二分句中，as soon as引导时间状语从句，that引导的定语从句(that it provides)修饰先行词activity。
I constantly feel depressed ， dissatisfied and alone. Since I spend so much time socialising online, I keep delaying things that are important in my real life: homework, tasks, connecting with my friends and family members in a meaningful way 【6】. It's funny that my friends and I chatter away online so much, but we end up having nothing to say when we meet.
【6】这是一个复合句。Since引导原因状语从句，that引导定语从句，修饰things，冒号后的内容解释说明things的具体内容。
A few days ago, I went out for a dinner get-together with some friends. My best friend left the table for 30 minutes because he had to take a call. Some spent the dinner bending over their phones, texting friends online but ignoring the ones who sat right in front of them 【7】. And the extraordinary thing is nobody thought this was rude ; it's just how life is nowadays. On a family holiday last summer, my sister spent all her time complaining that she needed to charge her phone. When it was charged, she just spent hours reading about her favourite popstar; not once did she lift her head to enjoy the view outside her window 【8】．
【7】现在分词短语bending over their phones, texting...online，ignoring...front of them作方式状语；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词the ones。
【8】此处为否定词not＋once位于句首引起的部分倒装。
What is really worrying is that no one I know, including myself, could go cold turkey 【9】. I can't even imagine going without social networking for a week—think of all the important appointments ， invitations and news updates you would miss! Alcoholics who want to quit drinking can avoid booze ， but how do we give up our phones After all, I need it for my studies because my teachers and classmates need to contact me at any time.
So, that's the problem with social networking. We're hard-wired in, but we're more disconnected than everB51.
【9】本句主干为主系表结构。What引导主语从句，that引导表语从句，省略关系代词的定语从句I know修饰one。
[汉语译文]
马克从未间断与朋友们的网上交往。但他却也从未感到如此孤独。
我在哪里？我在做什么？如果你是我的500个网友之一，你总会第一个知道。我的手机和笔记本电脑一直在触手可及的地方，所以我(可以)不断地在社交媒体上发表最新信息——无论是在喝咖啡，上学的路上，看电视……甚至在洗澡的时候。早上一睁开眼，我就会立刻查看所有社交网络应用程序，阅读电子邮件并回复短信。我在吃早餐的时候会再做一遍这些事情。
我和几个很好的室友一起住在大学宿舍里。我不停地收到交往的网友发来的信息和最新消息。然而事实却是：我感到孤独。
我不是唯一一个有这种感觉的人。研究显示，超过三分之二的年轻人认为在网上交朋友比“在现实生活中”交朋友更容易。我远非一个害羞或内向的人，但是我每天都在网上，像我大多数的朋友一样。从表面上看，我的社交生活很丰富。我参加派对和体育运动，但总是不能专心。他们说手机让人们联系更加紧密，但实际上，我的思绪总是飞到十万八千里之外。我惦记自己的账户有多少人关注，但却记不住一些老朋友的生日。
社交网络在很多方面都控制着我的生活。有时我会为自己设定截止时间：我要在晚上8点开始做我的家庭作业，并且要在两小时内完成。晚上7：50，我还在浏览朋友们发的无聊帖子和照片。等我意识到的时候已经是晚上9：30了，我还在沙发上坐着一动没动。我下载一首又一首歌曲，一个又一个视频，但其实并不在意。我的兴奋点是寻找下一首歌而不是真正欣赏音乐。朋友们试图让我远离手机，但是我一旦独自一人，就会不顾一切地回到网络世界和网上紧张的活动中。
我经常感到沮丧、不满和孤独。因为我花了很多时间上网社交，所以一直在推迟现实生活中重要的事情：家庭作业、任务、以有意义的方式和家人、朋友联系。有趣的是，我和朋友们经常在网上聊得热火朝天，但见面时却无话可说。
几天前，我和一些朋友出去吃晚饭。我最好的朋友因为接听电话而离席30分钟。有些人整个晚餐都在埋头看手机，给网上的朋友发短信，却忽略了就坐在他们面前的人。不可思议的是没有人认为这不礼貌。这就是现在的生活。去年夏天一次全家度假，我妹妹一直抱怨说她的手机需要充电。手机充上电后，她又花了数小时浏览她最喜欢的流行音乐歌星的消息，一次也没有抬起头欣赏窗外的景色。
真正令人担心的是，我认识的每个人，包括我自己，都不能戒掉互联网。我甚至无法想象一周没有社交网络的生活——想想你会错过的所有重要约会、邀请和新闻更新！想要戒酒的酗酒者可以避免饮酒，但我们如何杜绝手机呢？毕竟，我需要用它来学习，因为我的老师和同班同学需要随时与我联系。
所以，这就是社交网络的问题。我们被网络连接，但却比以往更加疏远。
[词汇注释]
①socialise/'s la z/ vi.
交友；交际；交往
socialise with与……交往
②laptop/'l pt p/ n．笔记本电脑，便携式电脑
③touching distance触手可及的距离
④constantly/'k nst ntli/
adv.持续不断地
⑤on one's way to在去……的路上
⑥in the shower在洗澡
⑦check through查看
⑧social networking社交网络
⑨app/ p/ n．应用程序
⑩answer text messages
回复短信
dorm/d m/ n．寝室，学生宿舍
a university dorm大学宿舍
flow/fl / n．流动 vi.流，流动
associate with与某人交往
associate/ 's ie t/ vt.
与某人交往
barely/'be li/ adv.几乎不
way beyond远不止，远远超出
reserved/r 'z vd/ adj.
含蓄的；内敛的
a reserved person含蓄的人
wired/wa d/ adj.联网的；极其兴奋的
be wired up接通电源(此处表示“上网”)
on the surface表面上
distracted/d 'str kt d/
adj.心神不定的，精神无法集中的
reality/ri' l ti/ n．现实；真实
in reality事实上
million/'m lj n/ n．百万
obsess over对……过分担心
obsess/ b'ses/ vt.使迷恋
on one's account在某人的账户上
mate/me t/ n．朋友，伙伴
dominate/'d m ne t/ vi. & vt.主宰，支配，控制
dominate one's life支配/控制某人的生活
deadline/'dedlɑ n/ n．截止日期，最后期限
set deadlines for oneself
为某人自己设定截止时间
aim to do sth.打算做某事
scroll/skr l/ vi.上下滚动
scroll through浏览……
inch/ nt / n．英寸
move an inch动一动
stimulation/'st mj 'le n/ n．刺激
chase/t e s/ vi. & vt.
努力赢得 n．追逐，追赶
chase after寻找……
rather than 而不是
drag sb. away from让某人远离……
desperate/'desp r t/ adj.拼命的；绝望的
be desperate to do sth.
渴望做某事
intense/in'tens/ adj.紧张的，激烈的；剧烈的
an intense activity剧烈的活动
depressed/d 'prest/ adj.沮丧的，忧愁的
feel depressed感到沮丧的
delay/d 'le / vi. & vt.
推迟，延期
keep delaying sth.一直推迟某事
chatter away喋喋不休
chatter/'t t / vi.唠叨，喋喋不休 n．唠叨；(动物的)啁啾声
chatter about谈论
end up doing sth.以做某事告终
go out for出去……
bend/bend/ vi. & vt.
弯腰；俯身
bend over one's phone
低头看手机
extraordinary/ k'str d n ri/
adj.令人惊奇的，异乎寻常的
rude/ru d/ adj.无礼的
complain/k m'ple n/
vi. & vt.抱怨；不满；发牢骚
complain that ...
抱怨说……
go cold turkey (俚语)放弃做某事，戒掉坏习惯
appointment/ 'p intm nt/ n．约定；约会
alcoholic/ lk 'h l k/
n．酗酒者，嗜酒成瘾者
adj.(含)酒精的
quit doing sth.停止做某事；放弃做某事
booze/bu z/ n．酒
avoid booze避免饮酒
hard-wired/hɑ dwa d/ adj.硬件控制的；天生的
be hard-wired in 被网络连接
[51]than ever比以往
than usual比平时
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．constantly adv.持续不断地；经常地　constant adj.持续不断的；经常的；不变的
(教材原句)．..so I'm constantly posting updates on social media...
……所以我可以不断地在社交媒体上发表最新信息……
As I walked through the town, I was constantly reminded of my childhood.
当我步行穿过这座城镇时，我不断回忆起我的童年。
[学法点拨]　constantly用于进行时时，表示重复的动作，常含有厌烦、赞扬等感彩。
I'm constantly telling him to behave himself.
我不断地告诉他要守规矩。
a constant increase 持续增长
a constant stream of visitors 络绎不绝的游客
keep at a constant speed 保持匀速行驶
keep in constant contact with 一直与……保持联系
He kept in constant contact with his family while he was in Australia.他在澳大利亚时一直和家人保持着联系。
[比较]　constant/continuous
·constant“不断的，经常的”，强调始终如一地经常出现；
·continuous“不停的，连续不断的”，强调中间不停顿。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①We are ________ (constant) being reminded to cut down our fat intake.
②These machines are ________ (constant) updated by improving the design of the computers.
选词填空：constant/continuous
③________ arguing doesn't make for a happy marriage.
④On holidays, we can see a ________ line of cars on highways.
⑤Our homes and offices need a ________ supply of electricity
2．flow n. & vi.流，流动
(教材原句)I have a never-ending flow of messages and updates from all the people I associate with online.
我总是不停地收到交往的网友发来的信息和最新消息。
There is a steady flow of traffic in the morning.(a flow of源源不断的)早上有川流不息的来往车辆。
She lost control and the tears began to flow.
她禁不住泪如泉涌。
There was a block in the pipe and the water couldn't flow away.管子内有阻塞物，水无法流走。
The long line of cars flowed to the airport.
长长的汽车队伍向机场驶去。
[拓展]　
flow
flow
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①After the concert the people flowed ________ of the hall.
②We ought to channel this street so that water can flow ________ easily.
③On the night of National Day, crowds of people flowed ________ the park to watch the fireworks.
3．associate v．与某人交往；联想，联合　association n．协会；社团；联想；联系；交往
associate with sb. 与某人交往
associate...with... 把……跟……联系起来
be associated with 与……有联系
in association with 与……有关联；与……联合
They associate with all the right people socially.
在社交中他们和所有正直的人结交。
We should associate ourselves with this large firm.
我们应该和这家大公司联合。
The doctor was associated in the child's mind with injections and pains.在孩子的心里，医生与打针和疼痛有联系。
We are working in association with a number of local companies to raise money for the homeless.
我们与一些本地公司联合为无家可归的人筹款。
[归纳拓展]　与……有关系/有联系
be　　be
have something to do with
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①These symptoms are particularly ________ (associate) with headaches.
②The council is working ________ association with the Department of Education.
③A man's character can be measured by the types of men ________ whom he associates.
④We shall help each other as far as we can while our business ________ (associate) lasts.
⑤French bread has had positive ________ (association) for me ever since I went on holiday to France.
4．barely adv.几乎不；刚刚，勉强可能
(教材原句)I'm barely the only person who feels this way.
我不是唯一一个有这种感觉的人。
The islanders could barely survive without an export crop.
没有出口作物，这个岛上的居民几乎无法生存。
had barely done sth. when/before... 一……就……；刚刚……就……
I had barely started speaking when he interrupted me.
我刚刚开始讲话，他便打断了我。
I had barely said my name before he led me to the interview room.我刚说出我的名字，他就带我到面谈室去了。
[学法点拨]　表示否定意义的副词barely/hardly/scarcely/rarely位于句首时，句子要使用部分倒装。
Barely had we set off when we realised we'd left the dog behind.我们刚出发就想起我们把狗落在家里了。
[误区警示]　barely与when/before连用表示“一……就……”时，主句多用过去完成时，而从句则用一般过去时。barely一般位于实义动词之前，系动词或助动词之后。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He had barely rested ________ he was called out again.
②He took ________ (bare) enough money to keep the children in bread.
③Barely had he arrived when she ________ (start) complaining.
完成句子
④He ______________________________ (当时只有20岁) and already running his own company.
⑤________________________________ (他刚打开门) when a burst of wind blew the candle.
5．reserved adj.含蓄的；内敛的；保留的；预订的　reserve n．保护区；储藏(量)　vt.预订；保留　reservation n．预订；保留意见
(教材原句)I'm way beyond a shy or reserved person, but I'm wired up every day, like most of my friends.
我远非一个害羞和含蓄的人，但是我每天都在网上，我的朋友们大多也是如此。
They are no longer so shy and reserved as they used to be.
他们不再像从前那样羞怯矜持了。
Even though I'm quite a reserved person, I like meeting people.我虽然性格极为内敛，但喜欢和人接触。
I'll ask a waitress to show you to your reserved table.
我将叫一名服务员带您去您预订的桌子。
a nature reserve 自然保护区
in reserve 储备，备用
reserve sth. for... 为……预订/保留某物
reserve one's judgement (on sth.) 保留某人(对某事)的看法
make a reservation 预订(房间、票)；预约
express reservations about 就……持保留意见
without reservation 毫无保留地
It is advisable to keep a little food in reserve in case of emergency.储备少许食物以备不时之需是明智的。
I'll call the restaurant and make a reservation.
我要给餐厅打个电话预订座位。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Seats, or sometimes entire tables, ________ (reserve).
②These seats are reserved ________ the elderly and women with babies.
③British men are often seen as being ________ (reserve) and unemotional.
④He went to the desk to inquire and make a ________ (reserve).
⑤We will be keeping our new product ________ reserve until the launch date.
完成句子
⑥I think you should __________________________ (为……留一些钱) your retirement.
⑦They accepted the proposal __________________________ (毫无保留地).
6．distracted adj.心神不定的，精神无法集中的　distract vt.分散；转移；分心　distraction n．分心
(教材原句)I attend parties and play sports but I'm always distracted.我也参加派对和体育运动，但总是不能专心。
When working, one should concentrate and not allow himself to be distracted.工作时要集中精力，不要分心。
distract...from 转移；使从……分心
be distracted by 被……搞得思想不集中
without distraction 不受干扰地
drive sb. to distraction 使某人精力分散；使心烦意乱
The noise distracted me from concentration.
这噪声使我不能专心。
She was distracted at the news.
她因听到那消息而精神错乱。
The children are driving me to distraction today.
今天孩子们闹得我心烦意乱。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①They want to treat ________ (distract) driving like drunk driving.
②The noise made by the children outside distracted me ________ my reading.
③I study in the library as there are too many ________ (distraction) at home.
7．reality n．现实；真实；事实
(教材原句)．..but in reality, my mind is always a million miles away.……但实际上，我的思绪总是飞到十万八千里之外。
face/accept reality 面对/接受现实
escape from reality 逃避现实
become a reality 成为现实
make sth. a reality 使某事成为现实
in reality (＝in fact/as a matter of fact)
实际上，事实上
The reality is that... 实际情况是……
I have to put aside fear and face reality.
我必须抛开恐惧，面对现实。
Mr Green is a professor in name but not in reality.
格林先生是徒有虚名的教授。
The reality is that there is not enough money to pay for this project.实际情况是没有足够的钱为这个项目支付。
[拓展]　real adj.真实的；真的
really adv.确实；真正地；事实上
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Many of these books are far removed from the ________ (real) of the children's lives.
②These are problems we must expect if flying cars become ________ reality.
③You can't ________ (real) expect me to believe you didn't know him.
④It seems as if he knew everything, but ________ reality, he is as stupid as one can be.
8．obsess v．使迷恋；使心神不宁　obsessed adj.着迷的；受……困扰的　obsession n．沉迷；困扰)
(教材原句)I obsess over exactly how many followers I have on my account...
我总是惦记自己的账户有多少人关注……
obsess over 对……过分担心/着迷
be obsessed by 被……迷住；迷恋/痴迷……
obsess about 唠叨；挂牵；念念不忘
be obsessed with sb. 痴迷某人
become an obsession 变得着迷
have an obsession with sth. 迷恋某物
Stop obsessing over your hair. It looks fine.
别再过于担心你的头发了，它看上去很好。
She wasn't in love with Steve. She was obsessed by him physically.她并没有爱上史蒂夫，只是被他的外表迷住了。
I think you should stop obsessing about food.
我看你关于吃的东西应该停止唠叨。
Don't let this interest of yours become an obsession.
不要让你的这个兴趣迷了心窍。
He thinks all women have an obsession with shoes.
他认为所有女人都迷恋鞋子。
[拓展]　The fear of death obsessed her throughout her old age.
她晚年一直受到死亡恐惧的困扰。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The idea that he might lose the position ________ (obsess) him.
②I am really crazy about English, just like you ________ (obsess) by Chinese.
③Make sure your child doesn't obsess ________ social networking.
④He is obsessed ________ computers.
⑤The media's ________ (obsess) with the young prince continues.
9．dominate vi. & vt.主宰，支配，控制；占优势；占据主动
(教材原句)Social networking dominates my life in so many ways.
社交网络在很多方面都控制着我的生活。
dominate the conversation 左右/主导着交谈的内容
be dominated by 受……控制；由……支配
dominate the news 成了最重要新闻
dominate the world 支配这个世界
dominate one's life 左右着某人的生活
dominate sb. 控制/支配某人
The outgoing man tended to dominate the conversation.
这个外向的男人往往左右着谈话的内容。
They had the ambition to dominate this small country.
他们有控制这个小国的野心。
The industry is dominated by five multinational companies.这个行业受五家跨国公司控制。
Fathers have the power to dominate children and young people.父辈们有能力支配孩子们和年轻人的生活。
[拓展]　dominant adj.首要的；占支配地位的；占优势的
domination n．支配
a dominant position举足轻重的地位
the dominant feature of the room房间的显著特点
become dominant开始占据优势
the domination of对……的支配
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①At one time this view ________ (dominate) all over the academic circles.
②Food webs may ________ (dominate) by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term.
③The company has struggled to maintain its ________ (dominate) in the marketplace.
④The boy was brought up by his mother, who had a ________ (dominate) influence on his life.
10．deadline n．截止日期，最后期限
(教材原句)Sometimes I set deadlines for myself...
有时我会为自己设定截止时间……
meet the deadline 赶上最后期限；按期完成
set the deadline 规定最后期限
extend the deadline 延长期限
put off the deadline 推迟最后期限
miss the deadline 错过最后期限；错过截止时间
You've got to extend the deadline to finish the job properly.
你得延长最后期限才能妥善完成这项工作。
They had to work against the clock to meet the deadline.
他们必须加速工作才能赶在最后期限内做完。
The boss will punish you if you miss the deadline for the job.要是你到期完不成工作，老板就会惩罚你。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Can the deadline ________ (extend) for a few more days
②Next Friday is ________ deadline for applicants to submit their photos and résumés.
完成句子
③If we can't ______________________ (按期完成), they won't give us another contract.
④You will be fined if you __________________________ (错过最后期限).
11．chase v．努力赢得；追捕，追求；追赶　n．追逐，追赶；追捕；狩猎
(教材原句)The stimulation is in chasing after the next song rather than truly enjoying it.
我的兴奋点是寻找下一首歌而不是真正欣赏音乐。
chase after 追逐；追求
chase sb./sth. away/off 赶走；驱逐
chase down 寻找，追踪到
Chase after your dream major with all your energy, no matter what other people think.
不管别人怎么想，用你所有的精力去追求你梦想的专业。
The dog ran into the garden and chased the birds away.
狗跑进了花园，赶跑了那些鸟。
There was a long chase before the criminal was caught.
经过长时间的追捕，这名罪犯才落网。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①We are trying to chase ________ all possible clues to the theft.
②He said nothing to journalists, who chased ________ him as he left.
完成句子
③I will never cease to ______________ (追逐我的梦想).
④He ________ all his friends ________ (把……赶走) and no one visited him anymore.
12．desperate adj.拼命的；绝望的；极渴望的；极严重的　desperately adv.拼命地；绝望地；极严重地　desperation n．绝望；拼命)
(教材原句)．..but as soon as I'm alone again, I'm desperate to get back to the online world and the intense activity that it provides.……但是一旦我独自一人，就会不顾一切地回到网络世界和网上紧张的活动中。
be desperate to do sth. 极想做某事
be desperate for 极度渴望
make a desperate attempt to do sth. 孤注一掷做某事
in desperate need of love 非常需要爱
suffer a desperate shortage of water 严重缺水
a sense of desperation 绝望感
in desperation 绝望地；不顾一切地
I was absolutely desperate to see her.我极想见到她。
The man lost in the desert was desperate for water.
这个在沙漠中迷失方向的人极度渴望(得到)水。
For the first time in her life Jennifer was obsessed with a sense of desperation.詹妮弗有生以来第一次被一种绝望感所困扰。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He was so desperate ________ a job that he would have something to do.
②I ran ________ (desperate) but failed to catch up.
③In ________ (desperate), Mrs White submitted to an operation on her right knee to relieve the pain.
④He was so desperate ________ (find) a job to support his family that he dropped out of school.
13．delay vi. & vt.推迟，延期　n．耽搁；延期；推迟)
(教材原句)Since I spend so much time socialising online, I keep delaying things that are important in my real life...
因为我花了很多时间上网社交，所以我一直在推迟现实生活中重要的事情……
(1)delay doing sth. 推迟做某事
(2)without delay 立即，马上
make no delay 没有推迟
(a/the) delay in (doing) sth. 延迟(做)某事
They decide to have more workers for the project so that it won't be delayed.
他们决定为这项工程增派工人，这样工程就不会被推迟了。
Don't delay replying to his e-mail, for it is a little urgent.
不要延迟回复他的电子邮件，因为事情有点儿紧急。
All these measures must be carried through without delay.所有这些措施必须立即实施。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The chairman accused the committee of the delay ________ passing his programme.
②They claimed that such ________ delay wouldn't hurt anyone.
③Research shows that the older people become, the less likely they are to delay ________ (do) their work until the last minute.
完成句子
④Problems, if any, __________________________________ (应被立即解决).
14．extraordinary adj.令人惊奇的，异乎寻常的；非凡的　extraordinarily adv. 非常，格外)
(教材原句)And the extraordinary thing is nobody thought this was rude...不可思议的是没有人认为这不礼貌……
a woman of extraordinary beauty 一个容貌出众的女子
an extraordinary
extraordinary patience/success 非凡的耐心/成功
It is/was extraordinary that... ……实属罕见。
The task requires extraordinary patience and endurance.
这项任务需要非凡的耐心和忍耐力。
George has made extraordinary progress in his study of Chinese medicine.乔治在他的中医学习方面取得了惊人的进步。
It is very extraordinary that I should meet him here.
很奇怪，我在这儿竟然碰上他了。
The sea was extraordinarily calm that morning.
那天清晨，大海出奇地平静。(副词修饰形容词)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The rules are simple but the play is ________ (extraordinary) complex.
②________ is extraordinary that the American girl Jenny speaks Chinese so fluently.
完成句子
③The child possessed ________________________ (非凡的记忆力)—he can remember so many stories.
④________________________________ (实属罕见) he should take charge of such a big company.
15．complain vi. & vt.抱怨；不满；发牢骚　complaint n．抱怨；投诉
(教材原句)On a family holiday last summer, my sister spent all her time complaining that she needed to charge her phone.去年夏天一次全家度假，我妹妹一直抱怨说她的手机需要充电。
(1)complain (to sb.) about... (向某人)抱怨……
complain (to sb.) that... (向某人)抱怨……
(2)a letter of complaint 投诉信
a flood of complaints 大量的投诉
make a complaint to sb. (about sth.) 向某人抱怨(某事)
have a complaint (against sb.) (对某人)有意见/不满
He never complained about working overtime.
他从来不因加班而抱怨。
She complained to me about his rude behaviour.
她向我抱怨他的粗鲁行为。
Mrs Jones complained to the doctor that her back always hurt.
琼斯太太向医生抱怨她背部老是痛。
She expressed her disgust at the programme by writing a letter of complaint.她写了封投诉信，表示对这个节目的反感。
We received a flood of complaints from customers about the lack of parking facilities.
我们收到了来自顾客的许多投诉，抱怨缺乏停车设施。
[说明]　complain 的后面不能直接跟sb.作宾语，须先加介词to。类似的词还有explain, announce等。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He will complain ________ having to do so much paperwork.
②Why don't you make a ________ (complain) against your noisy neighbours
③My complaint is ________ we can't go out on the racecourse anymore.
④There have been a number of ________ (complaint) about the standard of service on Britain's railways.
完成句子
⑤他总是向我抱怨有压力的生活。
He always ________________________ the stressful life.
16．appointment n．约定；约会；任命　appoint vt.任命，委派；指定，约定　appointed adj.指定的，约定的
(教材原句)… think of all the important appointments, invitations and news updates you would miss!
……想想你会错过的所有重要约会、邀请和新闻更新！
an appointment letter 任命书
by appointment 按照约定
have an appointment with sb. 与某人有约
break/keep an appointment 爽约/守约
make an appointment 预约
appoint sb. to be... 任命某人担任……
appoint sb. as... 任命某人为……
at the appointed time 在约定的时间
appoint sb.
She made an appointment for her son to see the doctor.
她为儿子约定了看医生的时间。
He will only see visitors by appointment.他只根据预约会客。
The chairman had thought very deeply about the question of your appointment.主席曾经对你的任命问题深深思考过。
I have an appointment with Mr Wang, the manager.
我跟王经理有约。
We appointed him to be the president of the club.
我们任命他为俱乐部主席。
He was appointed as captain of the team.他被指定为队长。
[语境助记]　Ten minutes before the appointed time, he sat nervously outside her office.离约定时间还有十分钟，他紧张地坐在她的办公室外面。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The ________ (appoint) hour of the ceremony was drawing nearer.
②I am coming to your company for an interview ________ appointment.
③I reminded him of the ________ (appoint), but he didn't make any response.
④To his joy, he ________ (appoint) as president. After all ，this represented his ability.
⑤She was appointed ________ (be) the manager of the sales department.
完成句子
⑥He ________________________ (被委任为) the ambassador of the United Nations last year.
第二版块|重要短语
1．end up doing sth.以做某事告终
(教材原句)It's funny that my friends and I chatter away online so much, but we end up having nothing to say when we meet.有趣的是，我和朋友们经常在网上聊得热火朝天，但见面时却无话可说。
end up
end in 以……结束/告终
come to an end 结束
put/bring
You could end up running this company if you play your cards right.你要是处理得当，到头来这个公司能归你掌管。
The party ended up with the singing of Auld Lang Syne.
聚会以《友谊地久天长》的歌声而告终。
You'll end up in hospital if you drive your car like that.
如果你那样开车，早晚得进医院。
They managed to end up as partners in their new business.他们最终成了新公司的合伙人。
[语境助记]　
No further discussions arising, the meeting was brought to an end.没有做进一步的讨论，会议就结束了。(“主语＋现在分词”构成的独立主格结构)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Stop spending so fast, or you'll end up ________ a beggar.
②The time has come to put an end ________ the conflict.
③After the exam, all the lessons in school also came to ________ end.
④She started as a secretary but ended up ________ (run) the department.
⑤You can end up ________ what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache.
⑥Despite winning the title, their last campaign ended ________ great disappointment.
2．go cold turkey放弃做某事，快速戒掉坏习惯)
(教材原句)What is really worrying is that no one I know, including myself, could go cold turkey.
真正令人担心的是，我认识的每个人，包括我自己，都不能戒掉互联网。
[说明]　
go cold turkey[俚语]指突然而彻底戒毒(或戒酒、戒烟等不需要缓冲期)坏习惯。如：
He went cold turkey after he was thrown in the slammer (＝prison) for possessions of snow.
他因藏有可卡因被抓进监狱，后来就戒毒了。
[即学即练]　完成句子(用上 go cold turkey)
①If students can manage without A/C in the heat of examinations, could not the rest of population ________________________ (关上空调) once in a while
②Everyone has their own way of kicking bad habits, and you can either choose ____________________________ (快速戒掉) or ease off it slowly.
③But the day a good friend of mine died of lung cancer, I decided ________________________ (立刻戒烟) and never light up another cigarette.
第三版块|典型句式
1．the first (＋n.)＋to do 第一个做……的……
(教材原句)If you're one of my 500 friends online, you'll always be the first to know.
如果你是我的500个网友之一，你总会第一个知道。
不定式作后置定语　序数词或被序数词及形容词最高级等修饰的名词后通常用不定式作定语。
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.她是第一位在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。
He is the best man to do the job.他是做这项工作的最佳人选。
[归纳拓展]　
①不定式作定语通常放在被修饰词的后面，与被修饰词之间可有主谓、动宾或同位关系。
②不定式与被修饰词存在动宾关系时，如果不定式中是不及物动词，则后面应有相应的介词。
③the first、the second、the last、the best、the only thing、the next等常接不定式作定语。
William is the last person to tell a lie.
威廉是最不可能说谎的人。
④常接不定式作定语的名词或不定代词有 ability、ambition、chance、attempt、decision、moment、need、opportunity、plan、promise、reason、time、way、something、anything、nothing等。
This will be a good opportunity to exchange experience.
这将是一个交流经验的好机会。
I tried to give her something to drink but she couldn't keep it down.我试图让她喝点儿什么，但她咽不下去。
[易错提醒]　
名词前尽管有序数词修饰，但后面也可以用过去分词短语作定语，表示被动和动作已经发生。
the first student sent abroad for further education第一个被派往国外深造的学生
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①You will be the first expert ________ (make) a speech.
②The girl is the best person ________ (finish) the whole work.
③Every day he made one of the animals bring him something ________ (eat).
④You can ask that girl standing there for she is the third ________ (reach) the spot.
⑤It was the first laptop ________ (buy) by my father when in college.
完成句子
⑥He was lucky to get the good ________________________ (去国外深造的机会).
⑦She is ____________________ (第一个工作的女性) in the desert.
2．否定副词(＋状语)位于句首引起的部分倒装
(教材原句)．..not once did she lift her head to enjoy the view outside her window.……她一次也没有抬起头欣赏窗外的景色。
Not once did he talk to me.他一次也没有和我谈过。
Little does he realise how important this meeting is.
他没有意识到这个会议的重要性。
Hardly does she have time to have a cup of tea with her friends.她几乎没时间和她的朋友们一起喝茶。
[归纳拓展]　
(1)当含有否定意义的副词或短语置于句首时，句子须用部分倒装语序，即把助动词、情态动词、be动词移至主语之前。这样的副词或短语有：
·全部否定意义的副词：never、not、neither、nor、nowhere等
·部分否定意义的副词：hardly、scarcely、rarely、seldom、little等
·“决不”短语：at no time、by no means、in no case、in no way、on no condition、under/in no circumstances、on no account等
Seldom does he do work at home.他很少在家工作。
Nowhere else can you find such diverse culture.
你在其他任何地方都找不到如此多样化的文化。
In no case should you spend all your savings before retiring.在任何情况下你都不应该在退休前花光所有的积蓄。
(2)no only...but also...连接并列分句且not only置于句首时，not only后的分句要用部分倒装，but also后的分句不倒装。
(3)hardly...when..., no sooner...than...连接的句子，如果hardly, no sooner置于句首，则主句用部分倒装，从句不倒装。
Hardly had we begun the climb when the snow began to come down.我们刚一开始攀登就下起雪来了。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Never ________ you achieve anything if you spend your time that way.
②By no means should he ________ (leave) alone.
③Not only ________ he speak more correctly, but he spoke more fluently.
完成句子
④Never ________________________ (我看到过) such a beautiful vase before.
⑤On no condition ________________________________ (你该忘记) you are a Chinese.
⑥Seldom ________________________ (她丧失信心) when she is in trouble.
⑦I will never know what was on his mind at the time, _____________________________ (其他任何人也不会知道).
3．What... is that...句式
(教材原句)What is really worrying is that no one I know, including myself, could go cold turkey.真正令人担心的是，我认识的每个人，包括我自己，都不能够戒掉互联网。
What makes this shop different is that it offers more personalised services.
这家商店的不同之处在于它提供更多的个性化服务。
What he is worried about is that his son has been addicted to playing computer games.
他担心的是他的儿子一直沉溺于电脑游戏。
[误区警示]　
(1)what 引导名词性从句时，在从句中作主语、表语、宾语等；而that 引导名词性从句时，在从句中不充当成分，也无具体意思，只起连接作用。
What gets him surprised is that all of them are in favour of him.令他吃惊的是他们都支持他。
That she dislikes studying makes her mother worried.
她不喜欢学习使她妈妈很担心。
(2)what引导的主语从句＋单数谓语动词＋其他(√)
what引导的主语从句＋复数连系动词＋可数名词复数作表语(√)
[说明]　
(1)What... is that...句式中， what引导主语从句， that引导表语从句。
(2)what引导名词性从句(包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)时，它在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾补。
What causes this accident is not clear.
(在从句中作主语)
What we liked most was his laughter.
(在从句中作宾语)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The millionaire has no friends around him because ________ he cares about most is only money.
②What makes the school famous is ________ more than 80% of the students have been admitted to universities.
③________ she can't stand is that her life as an accountant is too stressful.
完成句子
④______________________________ (最令我们吃惊的是) is that he should have backed out of the project.
⑤______________________________ (令我们兴奋的是) is ________________ (我们要去野餐) this weekend.
4．find＋宾语(it)＋宾语补足语(＋真正宾语)
(教材原句)According to research, over two-thirds of young people find it easier to make friends online than it is “in real life”．研究显示，超过三分之二的年轻人发现在网上交朋友比在“现实生活中”交朋友更容易。
[句式分析]　“动词＋it＋宾语补足语＋真正的宾语”可以归纳为“6123结构”：
6指的是6个常见动词：think、believe、make、find、consider、feel
1指唯一的形式宾语：it
We find it helpful to do some reading every day.
我们发现每天读些书很有帮助。
2指宾补的两种形式：形容词和名词(词组)
I find it interesting to learn English.
我发现学英语很有趣。
The young man found it a hard problem to think about.
这个年轻人发现这是一个很难思考的问题。
3指真正的宾语的3种形式：不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)和that从句
We found it quite pleasant to work with him.
我们发现跟他一起工作很愉快。
I think it no use telling them.我认为告诉他们没用。
I found it strange that she had not come yet.
她竟然还没来，我发现这一点很奇怪。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①While libraries still loan out books, you'll find it easier ________ (get) a copy of whatever you're looking for, thanks to a cooperative network of area libraries.
②And you might find ________ relaxing to bring your small kid to a half-hour Story Time while you sit quietly in a corner with a good book.
③I keep practicing even when I'm extremely tired. I find it hard ________ (stop)!
④I think it a hard job ________ we finish our homework on time.
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．She never ________ (抱怨), but she's obviously upset about this.
2．I made an ________ (约定) for my niece to see the doctor.
3．Many colleges now have ________ (联网的) dorms and it's more convenient for the college students.
4．The teacher told me not to speak to my mate Mary in class who was easily ________ (精神无法集中的).
5．As I look back on that day now, it surely lacks any sense of ________ (真实).
6．As a child, my mate David was ________ (主宰) by his father.
7．The ________ (截止日期) for applications is approaching, which makes me depressed.
8．My considerate niece attends to her mother who is ill ________ (持续不断地).
9．My nephew tried to stop the ________ (流动) of blood from the wound.
10．I don't like you ________ (与某人交往) with the guy who is always complaining.
11．The girl is so shy that she ________ (几乎不) associates with others.
12．He is very ________ (内敛的) and lacks the courage to deal with others.
13．The reserved young man felt ________ (沮丧的) for his future.
14．The flight to Beijing was ________ (推迟) because of the bad weather, which made her upset.
15．The old woman ________ (弯腰) forward to pick up the onions which lay on the ground.
16．It is ________ (令人惊奇的) that my nephew managed to sleep through the party.
17．My mate asked me to ________ (滚动) down to the bottom of the document.
18．The rude driver sped up suddenly on purpose to seek ________ (刺激).
19．Too many competitors signed up for the competition to ________ (努力赢得) the few jobs.
20．She held on to a tree in the flood in a ________ (拼命的) attempt to defend herself.
Ⅱ.短语填空
complain about, chase after, associate with, (be) obsessed by, song after song, in reality, chatter away
1．She seemed confident but ________________ she felt extremely nervous.
2．He is passionate about becoming a scientist and bravely ________________ his dream.
3．The outgoing girl loves singing. She sang ________________ in the KTV last night.
4．He went to see the manager and ______________ the rude behaviour of the waiter.
5．They ________________ excitedly about the presentation delivered by the educationalist.
6．I am more willing to ________________ those who have a sense of humour.
7．The girl is distracted in class and always ________________ the plot of the novel.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Some people — and I was one of them — believe that humorous ________ (complain) about the little problems of life make humour, and sometimes that is the case.
2．When feeling ________ (depress), I often choose to enjoy the novel part which includes a lot of imaginative stories.
3．In India and the Middle East, it's considered very rude ________ (eat) with your left hand.
4．To remember all the questions you have when you are not in the doctor's office, write them down and bring the list with you to your ________ (appoint).
5．I took the dogs out four times a day, and I worried that Tilly ________ (constant) climbing the stairs could reopen the wound.
6．The important thing is that the technologist associates what is happening outside the patient's body ________ what the patient sees in his head.
7．Hello, we have a ________ (reserve) in the name of Mr. Johns. Is there any table by the window
8．The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s, allowing for a new generation of virtual ________ (real).
9．Imagine that a police officer ________ (chase) a thief. The thief tries to escape. And the officer can't let him get away.
10．My heart froze in my chest as I saw the tractor heading towards the motorway. I ran ________ (desperate) but failed to catch up.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．对于学生而言，没有比图书馆更好的学习场所了，所以我们在这里必须要保持安静。
As for students, ______________________________________________________， so we have to keep quiet here.(“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义)
2．我发现在疲倦的时候很难集中精力工作。
__________________________________________ when I 'm tired.(find it＋adj.＋to do)
3．地球从太空中看起来是蓝色的，因为它表面的三分之二被广阔的海洋所覆盖。
The earth looks blue from space because _________________________________ the vast ocean.
4．她以前从未见过任何人打网球打得像罗伯特一样好。
__________________________________________ who could play tennis as well as Robert.(否定词位于句首引起部分倒装)
5．他们口头上吹嘘他们似乎完成了很多工作；但实际上，他们几乎没做什么。
They talked as if they had accomplished a lot, but ______________________________ they did very little.
6．他目前需要学会的是如何和别人交往。
__________________________________________ at present is how to associate with others.
Section D　Lesson 3　So Close, Yet So Far
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．million　2.dorm　3.mate　4.scroll　5.chase　6.bend
7．booze　8.delay　9.desperate
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．constant; constantly　2.bare; barely　3.reserve; reserved
4．wire; wired　5.distract; distracted　6.real; reality
7．stimulate; stimulation　8.depress; depressed
9．rude; rudely; rudeness　10.appoint; appointment
11．complain; complaint　12.chat; chatter
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．post updates on social media　2.associate with sb.　3.feel lonely　4.way beyond　5.a shy or reserved person　6.be wired up　7.on the surface　8.be distracted　9.bring people closer together　10.in reality　11.aim to do sth.　12.pay attention　13.chase after　14.spend some time (in) doing sth. 15．take a call
1．在洗澡　2.核对，查看　3.再一次，重新　4.十万八千里之外(表示虚指)　5.对……过分担心　6.在我的账户上　7.为某人自己设定截止时间　8.而不是　9.让某人远离……　10.渴望做某事　11.感到沮丧　12.毕竟，终究
课文研析·语篇理解
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．D　2.A　3.D　4.C
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
1．with　2.to make　3.distracted　4.reality　5.miles 6．dominates　7.it　8.depressed　9.socialising　10.What
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．①constantly　②constantly　③Constant　④continuous　⑤continuous
2．①out　②away　③into
3．①associated　②in　③with　④association　⑤associations
4．①when/before　②barely　③started　④was barely 20 (years old)　⑤Barely had he opened the door/He had barely opened the door
5．①are reserved　②for　③reserved　④reservation　⑤in　⑥reserve some money for　⑦without reservation
6．①distracted　②from　③distractions
7．①reality　②a　③really　④in
8．①obsessed　②are obsessed　③over　④by　⑤obsession
9．①was dominating　②be dominated　③domination　④dominant
10．①be extended　②the　③meet the deadline　④miss the deadline
11．①down　②after　③chase after my dream
④chased; away
12．①for　②desperately　③desperation　④to find
13．①in　②a　③doing　④should be solved without delay
14．①extraordinarily　②It　③an extraordinary memory
④It is extraordinary that
15．①about　②complaint　③that　④complaints
⑤complains to me about/makes a complaint to me about
16．①appointed　②by　③appointment　④was appointed　⑤to be　⑥was appointed to be/as
第二版块|重要短语
1．①as 　②to　③an　④running　⑤with　⑥in
2．①go cold turkey　②to go cold turkey　③to go cold turkey
第三版块|典型句式
1．①to make　②to finish　③to eat　④to reach　⑤bought　⑥chance to go abroad for further study　⑦the first woman to work
2．①will　②be left　③did　④have I seen　⑤should you forget
⑥does she lose heart　⑦nor/neither will anyone else
3．①what　②that　③What　④What amazes us most
⑤What excites us; that we will have a picnic
4．①to get　②it　③to stop　④that
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．complains　2.appointment　3.wired　4.distracted
5．reality　6.dominated　7.deadline　8.constantly　9.flow　10.associating　11.barely　12.reserved　13.depressed
14．delayed　15.bent　16.extraordinary　17.scroll
18．stimulation　19.chase　20.desperate
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．in reality　2.chases after　3.song after song　4.complained about　5.chattered away　6.associate with　7.obsessed by
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．答案与解析：complaints　分析句子结构可知，此处是名词作从句主语，后面的谓语动词make决定了主语要用复数。句意：有些人——我就是其中之一——相信对生活中小问题的幽默抱怨会带来幽默，有时情况确实如此。
2．解析：depressed　修饰人用-ed形式的形容词。句意：当感到沮丧时，我常常选择欣赏小说的一部分，其中包括许多富有想象力的故事。
3．答案与解析：to eat　be considered rude to do sth.做某事被认为是粗鲁的。句意：在印度和中东，用左手吃饭被认为是非常粗鲁的。
4．答案与解析：appointment　your后接名词。句意：当你不在医生办公室时，为了记住你存在的所有问题，把它们写下来，并带着清单去赴约。
5．答案与解析：constantly　修饰动词climb应用副词，故填constantly。句意：我每天带狗出去四次，我担心蒂莉不断地爬楼梯会重新撕裂伤口。
6．解析： associate... with...把……和……联系起来。句意：重要的是，技术人员要将病人身体外发生的情况与病人在脑中看到的情况联系起来。
7．解析：　have a reservation有预约，为固定搭配。句意：您好，我们是以约翰斯先生的名义预定的。有靠窗的桌子吗？
8．解析：用名词作介词的宾语。句意：6G的速度将超过每秒125GB，使得新一代的虚拟现实技术成为可能。
9．解析：由语境可知，chase的动作正在进行，故要用现在进行时态。句意：想象一下，一个警察正在追赶一个小偷。小偷试图逃跑而警察不让他跑掉。
10．解析：修饰动词ran，要用副词。句意：当我看到拖拉机朝高速公路开去时，我的心僵在了胸口。我拼命地跑，但没能追上。
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．there is no better studying place than the library
2．I find it hard to focus on my work
3．two thirds of its surface is covered by
4．Never before had she seen anybody
5．in reality
6．What he needs to learnSection F　单元语法专项——过去完成时
过去完成时的用法
过去完成时由“had＋过去分词”构成，表示“过去的过去”，即表示在过去某一时间之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态，以及表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。可以图示为：
1．表示在过去某一时间之前已完成的动作
过去完成时可以表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作。这个过去的时间常用by介词短语或before时间状语从句来表示，也可以从一个表示过去的动作或上下文中得到提示。
She had_learned English before she came to Britain.她来英国以前已学过英语了。
By the end of last month, we had_finished half of the project.
到上个月底为止，我们已经完成了一半的工程。
How many English words had you learned by the end of last term
到上学期期末你学了多少个英语单词？
How long had Mr Brown lived in the south before he came here
来这儿以前布朗先生在南方住了多久？
Mark was disappointed that when he got to the station the train had already left．马克非常失望，当他到达车站时，火车已经开走了。
He told the teacher that he had_finished his homework.他告诉老师他已经做完了家庭作业。
He asked if you had_written to Peter.
他问你是否给彼得写了信。
I decided to go back to school now that I had_got well.既然身体已经康复了，我决定回去上学。
【问题探究】
Before daybreak they had already wiped out all the enemy troops.(误)
By daybreak they had already wiped_out all the enemy troops.(正)
daybreak表示“黎明，拂晓”。before daybreak，at daybreak 和after daybreak三个词组虽然意思不同，但作用是相同的，都表示“过去的一个时间点”，都要用一般过去时。
Before daybreak they wiped out all the enemy troops.
At daybreak they wiped out all the enemy troops.
After daybreak they wiped out all the enemy troops.
如果用过去完成时，就要用by daybreak。by表示“从过去更早的一个时间持续到daybreak这个时间”，里面必须包含或暗示一个时间段。下面，我们分析几个句子：
I had_learned English for six years before l went to university．上大学发生在过去，在上大学之前有一个6年的时间段。故用过去完成时。
We had_learned 5，000 English words by the end of last year．
本句也暗示在去年年底之前有一个时间段，具体多长时间，说话人没有告诉我们，比如学习了3年。如果改为at the end of last year，就要用一般过去时，因为at仅表示一个时间点，没有了之前的那段时间。
[即学即练1]
①Tom was disappointed that most of the guests ________ (leave) when he arrived at the party.
②The children ran away because they ________ (break) the window.
③By the time he was twenty, he ________ (write) five novels.
④As soon as the sun ________ (set), we returned to our hotel.
⑤The flood destroyed the bridge that the villagers ________ (build).
⑥When he ________ (eat) his lunch he asked for a glass of water.
2．表示动作一直持续到过去某一时间
过去完成时可以表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。句中常含有for引出的“时间段”状语。
She had_worked for twelve hours by 8：00 pm.
到晚上8点钟，她已经工作了12个小时。
My elder sister had_worked in the company for ten years before she changed her job.在换工作之前，我姐姐已经在那家公司工作了10年。
He had_been_ill for a week when he was taken to hospital.
当被送进医院时，他已经病了一个星期了。
I had_worked in a car factory for two years before I came here.
我来这儿之前已经在一家汽车厂工作了两年。
[即学即练2]
①I ________ (wait) at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.
②The old man said he ________ (work) in that factory since 1999.
③Mr Smith died yesterday. He ________ (be) a good friend of mine for many years.
3．用来表示未曾实现的愿望或打算
hope、wish、plan、want、mean、intend、attempt、suppose、think、expect等表示“打算、计划、希望、试图、认为”等的动词，用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的打算、愿望或意图等。指后面不定式的动作未曾实现。
They had_wanted_to_help but could not get here in time.他们本想帮忙，但未能及时赶到这里。
I had_intended_to_come_over to see you, but was prevented from doing so.
我原打算过来看你，但受阻未成。
I had_hoped_to_see her again, but I couldn't.
我本希望再见她一面，但我没能做到。
Monica had_meant_to_host a birthday party but no one came.
莫尼卡本想举办生日聚会，但是没有人来。
They had_planned_to_go_on an outing yesterday, but it was raining.
他们本来计划昨天去郊游，可是一直在下雨。
He had_thought_to_send_for a doctor.
他本想派人去请医生。
I had_expected_to_speak but time didn't permit.
我本想发言，但是时间不允许。
4．用于特殊句式中
特殊句式hardly/scarcely/just...when...，no sooner... than...，表示“一……就……”，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。当否定副词(短语)hardly、scarcely、no sooner位于句首时，主句用部分倒装。
I had hardly left the room when the telephone rang.我刚刚离开房间电话就响了。
He had just gone to sleep when the telephone rang.他刚去睡觉电话就响了。
Scarcely had the sick baby seen the nurse when she began to cry.
那个生病的小孩一看见护士就开始哭。
No sooner had she arrived than she devoted herself to her research.
她一到达就投身于她的研究。
5．It was the first time that sb. had done sth.
这个句式用来表达在过去某一个时间之前某人的经历。主句用一般过去时(was)，that从句用过去完成时。我们用例句说明：
It was the first time that little Franz had_listened so attentively.
那是小弗朗士第一次如此用心地听讲。
这是世界名篇The Last Lesson(《最后一课》)中的一个句子，说的是19世纪70年代普法战争后，普鲁士占领的地方禁止法国学校再教授法语。某乡村小学迎来了最后一堂法语课。小弗朗士以前从未认真听过课，这是第一次。
我们结合“It is the first time that...”句式进行分析：主句用一般现在时，that从句用现在完成时。表示从过去到现在说话时为止是第一次，也可能是人一生的经历，体现“现在完成时”的一个特点：对过去经历的总结。这跟现在完成时的“动作发生在过去，对现在产生影响”有某种联系。例如：It is the first time that I have_been invited to attend such an important meeting.
这是我第一次被邀请参加这么重要的会议。
如果主句用的是一般过去时，则说明截止到过去某个时间为止的“第一次”，体现了“过去的过去”这个原则，故that从句使用过去完成时。此外，该句型可以有“It/This/That was the first/second/third...time that...”等变式。更多例句：
It was the first time that she had_sung in public.那是她首次公开演唱。
It was the first time that he had_wept in nineteen years.这是他19年来第一次流泪。
That was the first time that the boy had_tasted freedom.那是那个男孩第一次尝到自由的滋味。
This was the first time that I had_been_treated with such respect.这是我第一次受到如此尊重。
She was astonished; this was the first time that she had_heard of such things.
她大吃一惊；这是她第一次听说这样的事。
This was the first time that I had_seen such heavy snow.这是我第一次见这么大的雪。
[即学即练3]
①We ________ (hope) to be able to come and see you, but you were not at home.
②It was the third time that he ________ (be) out of work that year.
③This was the first time I ________ (come) to your hometown.
6．过去完成时还经常用于定语从句中，说明定语从句的动作或状态早于主句发生
He apologised to the people who had_been_affected．他向受到影响的人道了歉。
Nancy, who had_been_thoughtful for some time, suddenly spoke.
南希沉思了一会儿，突然开口说话了。
The temple which had_lain at the top of the hill disappeared.曾经位于山顶的那座庙不见了。
It was a question that had_fascinated him since he was a boy.这是他自幼就着迷的问题。
7．关于过去完成时的几个重要问题
(1)过去完成时与现在完成时的比较
过去完成时与现在完成时都可以跟表示一段时间的状语连用，如for a week、for two years、for a long time等。但现在完成时表示在过去开始并延续到现在的动作，句中不能有明确的过去的时间状语；而过去完成时则表示在过去某一时间开始并延续到过去另一个时间的动作，句中含有表示截止到过去的时间状语。
She has_been_ill for a week.
她生病一个星期了。(到现在仍生病)
She had_been_ill for a week before she came back.她在回来之前就生病一个星期了。(到过去某个时间)
Everything has_gone_well up to now.
直到现在，一切都很顺利。(到现在为止)
Everything had_gone_well up to that time.
直到那时，一切都很顺利。(到过去某个时间)
(2)在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，尤其是在before和after引导的从句中，它们已经表明了主句和从句谓语动词发生的先后顺序，所以先发生的那个动作可以不用过去完成时。
I (had)_closed the window before he left the room.在他离开房间之前我关上了窗户。
He began to write a review after he (had)_watched the film twice.
他看了两遍电影之后，就开始写评论。
(3) ago和before
ago指以现在为起点的一段时间以前，用一般过去时；before指以过去为起点的一段时间以前，往往使用过去完成时。试比较：
John graduated_from university three years ago.
John told me that he had_graduated_from university three years before.
此外，before作时间副词，可以用于一般过去时、现在完成时和过去完成时三种时态中。
Did you learn English before？你以前学过英语吗？
I have learned English before.我以前学过英语。
He said he had_learned English before．
他说他以前学过英语。
(4)过去完成时一般不跟确切的过去时间状语连用。例如不能说：
He had broken his glasses yesterday.(误)
但在宾语从句中，有时可与表示过去的时间状语连用。
He told me that he had broken his glasses yesterday.他告诉我他昨天把眼镜打破了。
主句told发生的时间应该是今天，不能是昨天，否则应改为：
He told me that he had broken his glasses the day before.
(5)特殊情况
主句和before引导的时间状语从句比较，通常都是主句动作早于从句，因而主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。但是，如果before从句用了过去完成时，那么，它表示一个过去尚未完成或没来得及完成的动作，在时间上要迟于主句动作发生的时间。before从句一般翻译为“还没做某事；尚未做某事；没来得及做某事”。
The bell rang before I had completed my paper.
我还没做完试卷，铃就响了。
I caught him before he had gone far.
他没走多远我就追上来了。
(6)过去完成时与when引导的时间状语从句
主句和when引导的时间状语从句，如果两个都是非延续性动词，那么其中一个可以使用过去完成时，说明早于一般过去时的动作。如果都使用一般过去时，那么when引导的时间状语从句的动作默认早于主句的动作，时间先后没有间隔。试比较：
When I got to school in the morning the bell had_rung．
早上当我到达学校的时候，铃已经响了。(主句的动作早于从句的动作)
When I had_finished my homework, I went out for a walk.我做完了我的家庭作业就出去散步了。(从句的动作早于主句的动作)
When I opened the door，I found something stolen.我打开门时，发现有东西被偷了。(从句的动作早于主句的动作)
语法专项训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The famous educationalist ________ (live) in Europe for fifteen years before he went to Australia.
2．Finally her niece was admitted by Peking University, for which she ________ (try) five times.
3．—Jack failed to be admitted by his dream university and is feeling quite depressed these days.
—It serves him right. I ________ (remind) him more than once to take his study seriously.
4．—Why didn't Tom take part in the competition yesterday
—He ________ (go) to Beijing.
5．The competitor told me that his team ________ (win).
6．Tom was depressed that most of the guests ________ (leave) when he arrived at the party.
7．My mate Tom ________ (learn) four thousand new words by the end of last year.
8．My niece Catherine ________ (write) the letter before her mother came into her bedroom.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．当我到达机场的时候，飞机已经起飞了，这件事使我很沮丧。
When I arrived at the airport, the plane ________________________，which made me upset.
2．当这个内向的男人到达电影院的时候，电影已经开始了。
When the reserved man got to the cinema, the film ________________________．
3．我到广州时，我的朋友在那里住了很长时间了。
When I came to Guangzhou, my mate ________________________________ for a long time.
4．到上周末，这个外向的女孩待在中国西部帮助那些无家可归的孩子两个月了。
By the end of last week, the outgoing girl ____________________________ in the west of China for two months helping the homeless children.
Ⅲ.语法填空
It was getting dark when I got home. It was cold and I 1.________ (wear) a coat. I walked up to the door and put my hand into my pocket 2.________ (take) out my key. 3.________ I couldn't find it. I 4.________ (sudden) remembered that I 5.________ (leave) it on my desk in the office. It really didn't make any 6.________ (different) . I knew my wife was at home and the children must have come back from school by then, so I knocked at the door.
There was no answer, so I knocked again. I 7.________ (continue) knocking at the door for some time. I was getting angry. Then I remembered something the office boy 8.________ (tell) me at noon. He said that my wife 9.________ (phone) saying that she would go shopping in the afternoon with the children.
There was only one thing for me to do: I had to climb in 10.________ a window.
Section F　单元语法专项——过去完成时
[即学即练1]
①had left　②had broken　③had written　④had set ⑤had built　⑥had eaten
[即学即练2]
①had waited　②had worked　③had been
[即学即练3]
①had hoped　②had been　③had come
语法专项训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．had lived　2.had tried　3.had reminded　4.had gone
5．had won　6.had left　7.had learned　8.had written
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．had taken off　2.had begun　3.had lived there
4．had stayed
Ⅲ.语法填空
1．was wearing　2.to take　3.But　4.suddenly　5.had left　6.difference　7.continued　8.had told　9.had phoned　10.throughSection B　Lesson 1　Teachers
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ n. 角
2．____________ n. 火箭
3．____________ vt. 灌，注，倒
4．____________ n. 燃料
5．____________ vt. 拖，拉
6．____________ n. 酸
7．____________ n. 洋葱
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________ n. 实践；练习→________ adj.实际的；实践的；切实可行的
2．________ vt.陈述→________ n．报告；陈述，说明
3．________ vi.表现→________ n．行为，举止
4．________ v．教育→________ n．教育→________ adj.教育的→educationalist n．教育(学)家
5．________ n．氧气(化学式：O2)→________ n．氢；氢气
6．access n．进入；接触的机会→________ adj.可使用的；可进入的；可接近的；易接近的
7．angle n．角→________ n．三角形
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
将汉语译成相应的英文短语
1．________________ 和某人交朋友
2．________________ 实际例子
3．________________ 总共是，总计为
4．________________ 初次，第一次
5．________________ 过去经常，曾经
6．________________ 征求某人的意见
7．________________ 一些，几个；一双，一对
8．________________ 不良行为
9．________________ 撞见某人正在做某事
10．________________ 把他的书包拖在身后
11．________________ 闯入；破门而入
12．________________ 为……欢呼、喝彩；给……加油
13．________________ 出故障
14．________________ (某人)用完(某物)
将英文短语译成汉语
1．pour... into...　　　　　________________
2．set off ________________
3．lack confidence in oneself ________________
4．give a presentation to ________________
5．if only ________________
6．make sure ________________
7．the path to success ________________
8．have access to ________________
9．be eager to learn ________________
10．be worthwhile ________________
11．crash into ________________
12．fall asleep ________________
课文研析·语篇理解
Ⅰ.课文思维导图
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．What can we know about Mr Jenkins
A．He was an excellent English teacher.
B．He was a bad teacher and a bit lazy.
C．He would explain hard things with practical examples.
D．He would force students to give presentations to the class.
2．What did Mr Jenkins think of Graham when they met for the first time
A．Bored. B．Brave.
C．Lazy. D．Bright.
3．According to Mr Jenkins, what is important when dealing with students
A．Making sure they are successful.
B．Treating them equally.
C．Really connecting with them.
D．Doing good things for them.
4．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Teaching is a job with challenges and stress.
B．Teaching is to prepare students for their future life.
C．Teachers should have great effects on their students.
D．Teachers should strengthen their communication with students.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
A
My Teacher
I wasn't very good at most school subjects, and I was also a difficult student. Once Mr Jenkins caught me and my friends seeing 1.________ could jump the farthest off the school stage. Before Mr Jenkins came, science had 2.________ (simple) been a subject full of strange words to me. I found it all so 3.________ (bore) and difficult, probably because I lacked confidence. But Mr Jenkins made everything interesting. He used to explain things with lots of 4.________ (practice) examples, like showing how the human stomach works 5.________ (use) acid and an onion. One day, we 6.________ (build) a rocket. Mr Jenkins let me pour some fuel 7.________ the rocket, and then another classmate lit a match to set 8.________ off.
Another time, he asked me to give a 9.________ (present) to the class. To Mr Jenkins, it is important 10.________ (have) access to students' minds and understand us. Though teaching is a stressful job, he feels that it is worthwhile.
B
My Student
When I read one of Graham's 1.________ (book) and see him on TV, I am proud 2.________ him. I used to teach him! I remember Graham was very difficult 3.________ I taught him. But he changed 4.________ (quick) after I set up 5.________ experiment. With my 6.________ (encourage), he had done very well in science subjects. How I wish I 7.________ (do) as well with all my students as I have with Graham. 8.________ (teach) is a stressful job but I love what I do. As a teacher I can help turn a child like Graham into a 9.________ (success) adult, and I know what I'm doing is worthwhile. Education is not preparation for life; education is life 10._____ (it).
教材助读·开放课堂
[教材原文]
My Teacher
I haven't seen Mr Jenkins since I left school, but I often think about① him 【1】. I wasn't very good at② most school subjects before I met Mr Jenkins. I suppose I was a bit③ lazy, especially in maths. The only thing I can remember from school maths is that the angles④ of a triangle⑤ add up to⑥ 180 degrees 【2】！ But when I was 15 and went into Mr Jenkins' class, I really became interested in⑦ a subject for the first time⑧.
【1】本句为but连接的并列句。第一个并列分句中包含一个since引导的时间状语从句。since引导时间状语从句时，其对应的主句常用现在完成时。
【2】本句为主从复合句，其中I can remember from school maths为省略了关系代词that的定语从句(先行词被the only修饰，关系代词宜用that)；that the angles...degrees为that引导的表语从句。
Before Mr Jenkins taught me, science had simply been a subject full of⑨ strange words to me. I had no idea what hydrogen⑩ was 【3】， and I didn't really want to know, either! I found it all so boring and difficult. But Mr Jenkins made everything interesting. He used to explain things which seemed difficult with lots of practical examples and in simple language . One day, he took us outside, and we built a rocket ! I remember that he let me pour some fuel into the rocket, and then another student lit a match to set it off . It was great fun.
【3】what在此引导同位语从句，解释idea的具体内容。
I know that I wasn't a willing student, but I wasn't slow to learn new things. The problem was that I lacked confidence in myself. Mr Jenkins made me feel that I had my own strengths . I was interested in the study of the stars and planets and he asked me to give a presentation to the class. That was really the first time I had tried to explain science to an audience 【4】 and now it's my job! Often when I'm preparing a programme, I think about how Mr Jenkins would have done it. Sometimes I think, if only I could call him and ask for his opinion 【5】！
【4】That was the first time...意为“第一次……”，the first time引导表语从句。
【5】if only引导从句常用虚拟语气表示主观愿望，意为“要是……就好了”。
[汉语译文]
我的老师
我虽然离开学校之后再也没有见过詹金斯先生，但我常常想起他。遇到詹金斯先生以前，大多数学校科目我都不是很擅长。我想我那时候有点懒惰，特别是在数学方面。我唯一能记得的数学课内容是三角形的内角和是180度！但是在我15岁那年走进了詹金斯先生的课堂时，我第一次对一门学科真正产生了兴趣。
在上詹金斯先生的课之前，科学课对我来说就是一堆奇怪的词语。我不知道氢是什么，而且也确实不想知道！我觉得这些东西既无聊又难以理解。但詹金斯先生让一切变得有趣起来。他过去常常结合很多实际例子并用简单的语言解释看似很难的东西。有一天，他把我们带到户外，一起造了一枚火箭！我记得他让我把一些燃料倒进火箭，然后另一个学生点燃了一根火柴发射火箭。这非常有趣。
我知道自己不是一个主动学习的学生，但我学习新事物并不慢，问题是我对自己缺乏信心。詹金斯先生让我认识到我有自己的长处。我对恒星和行星的研究感兴趣，他便让我给全班同学做了一个介绍。那真的是我第一次设法向观众讲解科学(知识)，现在这成了我的工作！在准备一个项目时，我常会想，如果是詹金斯先生，他会怎么做。有时我甚至想，要是能打电话征求他的意见就好了！
[词汇注释]
①think about想起，记起，考虑
②be good at擅长……
③a bit有点儿修饰形容词或副词，表示程度。
④angle/' g l/ n．角
⑤triangle/'tra g l/ n．三角形
⑥add up to总共是，总计为
⑦become interested in对……感兴趣
⑧for the first time初次，第一次
⑨full of充满……
⑩hydrogen/'ha dr d n/n．氢
used to过去经常，曾经
be/get/become used to doing sth.习惯于做某事(to是介词)
be used to do sth.被用来做某事
practical/'pr kt k l/adj.实际的；实践的；切实可行的
practical examples实际例子
in simple language用简单的语言
rocket/'r k t/n.火箭
pour/p / vt.灌，注，倒
pour into投入(倒)……于某物
fuel/'fju l/n.燃料
set off引发，使爆炸；出发，动身；拉响(警报)
set off an alarm触发警报器
willing adj.乐意的；积极肯干的
lack/l k/vt.缺乏
lack confidence in oneself 对自己缺乏信心
have one's own strengths有某人自己的优势
presentation/ prez n'te n/n．报告；陈述，说明
give a presentation to给……做展示/报告
[教材原文]
My Student
I've read a couple of① Graham's books and seen him on TV. I always say to② my wife, “Oh look, I used to teach him！” I remember Graham was very difficult before he came into my class. I had heard stories about his bad behaviour③. Once I caught him and his friends seeing④ who could jump the farthest off the school stage! But when he got interested, he changed. The first day he walked into my class, he was dragging⑤ his schoolbag behind him and looking bored, but as soon as I set up⑥ an experiment to show how the human stomach works using acid⑦ and an onion⑧， he gave me his full attention⑨ 【1】. He loved science! He was very bright and he had done very well in⑩ science subjects.
【1】本句为but连接的并列句。第一个分句中，The first day引导时间状语从句；第二个分句中，as soon as引导的时间状语从句中包含一个how引导的宾语从句。to show...works作目的状语；现在分词短语using acid and an onion作方式状语。
However, I have not done as well with all my students as I have with Graham 【2】. I think it's important to understand that there's no such thing as a good or a bad student. Look at Graham! Everyone is good at something and it's important to find out what that is for each student. We teachers should have more time to make friends with all our students and really understand them. Then we could make sure that we would find the path to success ， both at school and in later life, for all of them.
【2】本句中not...all...表示部分否定，意为“并非所有……都……”。
I knew I had chosen a job with a lot of stress but I love what I do. The thing about being a teacher is that you have access to children's minds when they are open and eager to learn 【3】. If what I do as a teacher can help turn a child like Graham into such a successful adult, then I know what I'm doing is worthwhile 【4】. As John Dewey, the famous educationalist ， said, “Education is not preparation for life; education is life itself.”
【3】本句为主从复合句，that在此引导表语从句，其中又含有一个when引导的时间状语从句。
【4】本句为主从复合句，If在此引导条件状语从句，then I know...worthwhile为主句。主句和从句中各包含一个what引导的主语从句。
[汉语译文]
我的学生
我读过几本格雷厄姆的书，也在电视上看到过他。我总会对妻子说：“啊，看，我曾经教过他！”我记得格雷厄姆来我的班上之前很难相处。我听说过一些他的不良行为。有一次我撞见他和几个朋友比赛，看谁能从学校的舞台上往下跳得最远！但当他(对学习)产生兴趣时，他变了。他第一天走进我的班级时，书包在身后拖着，一副百无聊赖的样子。但当我用酸和洋葱做实验来展示人类的胃如何运转时，他全神贯注。他热爱科学！他非常聪明，科学课学得非常好。
不过，并不是每一个学生我都能教得像格雷厄姆那么成功。我认为重要的是要知道没有所谓的好学生或者坏学生。看看格雷厄姆！每个人都有擅长的事，重要的是要找出每个学生擅长的是什么。我们老师应该花更多的时间和所有的学生交朋友，真正了解他们。这样才能确保我们为他们找到通向成功的道路，不管是在学业上还是以后的生活中。
我知道我选择了一份压力很大的工作，但我热爱我所做的工作。当老师意味着，当孩子们敞开心扉、渴望学习时，你有机会走进他们的内心。作为老师，如果我所做的可以帮助像格雷厄姆这样的孩子成长为如此成功的人，那么我知道我做的是值得的。正如著名教育家约翰·杜威所说：“教育不是为生活做准备，教育就是生活本身。”
[词汇注释]
①a couple of一些，几个；一双，一对
②say to sb.对某人说
③behaviour/b 'he vj / n．行为，举止
bad behaviour不良行为
good behaviour良好行为
④catch sb. doing sth.撞见/发现某人正在做某事
⑤drag/dr g/vt.拖，拉
⑥set up成立，设置，开办
set up an experiment开展一项实验
⑦acid/' s d/n.酸
⑧onion/' nj n/n.洋葱
⑨give sb. one's full attention全神贯注于某人
⑩do well in在……方面做得好
make friends with sb.跟某人交朋友
make sure确保
the path to success成功之路
access/' kses/n.进入；接触的机会
have access to有使用或接近……的权利/机会
be eager to do sth.渴望做某事
worthwhile/ w θ'wa l/adj.值得做的；重要的；有益的
educationalist / edj 'ke n l st/n.教育(学)家
a famous educationalist著名教育家
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．practical adj.实际的；实践的；切实可行的；实用的　practice n. & v．实践；练习　practically adv.实际地；几乎，差不多)
in practical use 在实际运用中
practical English 实用英语
practical life skills 实际生活技能
practical steps 实际措施
practical advice/help/support 切实可行的建议/帮助/支持
practical problems/difficulties 实际问题/困难
a teacher with practical experience 一位有实践经验的老师
combine theory with practice 将理论与实践相结合
practice doing sth. 练习做某事
in practice 实际上；在实践中
out of practice 缺乏练习/疏于练习
with practice 通过练习
Most importantly, we should develop our own practical ability.最重要的是，我们应该提高自身的实践能力。
My lack of practical experience was a disadvantage.
我缺少实践经验是个劣势。
Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact on college admissions and practical life skills.
戈登说，HUNCH计划对大学录取和实际生活技能有影响。
It's incredible that such a little student can put the theory into practice.这么小的学生就能把理论付诸实践，真是难以置信。
He is badly out of practice.他严重缺乏练习。
He practices running every morning.他每天早晨练习跑步。
He practices economy.他厉行节约。
Practice makes perfect.(谚语)熟能生巧。
[拓展归纳]　
be good practice for sth.对……是有益的练习
do practice 做……方面的练习
give sb. practice in sth.让某人练习……
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It wouldn't be ________ (practice) for us to go all that way just for the weekend.
②If you don't play regularly, you'll soon get ________ of practice.
③The children need more practice ________ tying their shoelaces.
④I have had a lot of practice in ________ (say) “no” recently.
写出句中practical的含义
⑤From a practical viewpoint, I advise you not to go.________
⑥Your invention has proved to be of much practical value.________
2．pour vt. 灌，注，倒
(教材原句)I remember that he let me pour some fuel into the rocket... 我记得他让我把一些燃料倒进火箭……
pour down 向下倾注；(雨)倾盆而下
pour... into... 把……投入/倒于……
pour out 倾倒；倾吐
pour cold water on 对……泼冷水
pour sb. a cup of tea (＝pour a cup of tea for sb.)
为某人倒一杯茶
pour in 大量地涌进来；倒入
pour into 涌进……；投入(倒)……于某物
pour... on... 把……倒在……上
pour with rain 下滂沱大雨
(1)vt.倾倒 vi. & vt.倒，斟(饮料)
Pour the honey into the bowl and mix it thoroughly with the other ingredients.
把蜂蜜倒进碗里并把它和其他原料充分混合。
Would you like me to pour a cup of tea for you
我给你倒杯茶好吗？
(2)vi.(雨)倾盆而下
She watched the rain pouring down the windows.
她注视着顺着窗户往下流的雨水。
It never rains but it pours.(谚)祸不单行。
(3)vi.不断涌向(＝flood)；涌流
Letters of congratulations poured in from all parts of the country.祝贺信从全国各地大量涌来。
People poured into the square from all parts of the city.
人们从全市各区涌向这座广场。
She listened attentively when I poured out my trouble.
我倾吐心中的烦恼时，她聚精会神地听着。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He was so worried that the sweat began to pour ________ his face.
②News, facts and opinions pour ________ from every corner of the world.
③The government poured a large sum of money ________ the project.
④He would like to pour ________ some wine for himself the moment he was at home.
⑤He poured the dirty water ________ the ground.
完成句子
⑥That summer the heavy rain ________________ (向下倾注) for two days and nights.
⑦Good news keeps ________________ (涌入) from various fronts.
3．fuel n．燃料　v．给……加油；给……提供燃料；推动；刺激；加剧　
fuel supply 燃料供应
add fuel to the fire 火上浇油
chemical/fossil/nuclear/solid fuel 化学/化石/核/固体燃料
fuel one's appetite 刺激某人的食欲
3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissions.
3D打印可以减少燃料使用和排放物。
Burning fossil fuels uses oxygen and produces carbon dioxide.燃烧化石燃料消耗氧气并产生二氧化碳。
The car is being fuelled in preparation for the race.
那辆小汽车正在加油，准备参加比赛。
It is consistent and growing profit that has fuelled the company's success.正是持续增长的利润推动了公司的成功。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①His aggressive words only ________ (fuel) the argument further.
写出句中fuel的词性及含义
②The new machine was fuelled by oil in enormous quantities.____________
③The factories shut down for want of fuel and materials.____________
④Intense wildfires have been fuelled by fierce Santa Ana winds.____________
4．lack vt. & n．缺乏，短缺　lacking adj.缺少的；没有的
(教材原句)The problem was that I lacked confidence in myself.我的问题是对自己缺乏信心。
lack confidence 缺乏信心
lack enough data 缺乏足够的数据
lack (for) nothing 没有欠缺
(a) lack of 缺乏；没有
for lack of 因缺乏……
be lacking in 缺乏……
Despite the fact that they lacked food, the explorers continued toward the goal.
尽管缺乏食物，但探险者们继续向目标行进。
The reason why he failed in the driving test is that he lacked confidence in himself.
他驾照考试失败的原因是对自己缺乏信心。
Despite his lack of experience, he got the job.
尽管缺乏经验，他还是得到了那份工作。
She can't go to the party for lack of proper dress.
因为没有合适的衣服，她不能去参加聚会。
None of his plans ever comes through because he is lacking in determination.他的计划没有一个成功，因为他缺乏决心。
[误区警示]　lack作动词时，常用作及物动词，其后直接接宾语。
lack作名词时，其后接介词of。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①There is ________ lack of people wanting to start up new businesses.
②This evening newspaper is ________ (lack) in analytical articles.
③More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities ________ lack of space.
完成句子
④Stress and tiredness often result in ________________________ (缺乏) concentration.
⑤Many associations are breaking up ________________ (因缺乏) money.
⑥A diet ________________ (缺少) nutritional value will not keep a person healthy.
5．presentation n．报告；陈述，说明；授予；演出
(教材原句)．..he asked me to give a presentation to the class.……他便让我给全班同学做了一个展示。
give a presentation 作报告
deliver/make a clear presentation 作清楚的陈述
deliver/make a short presentation 作一个简短的陈述
give a presentation of 对……做陈述
make a presentation (of) 做(……)陈述/介绍(……)；演示(……)
oral presentations 口头报告
The first chapter of the book gives a presentation of the scientist's theory.这本书的第一章介绍了这位科学家的理论。
I am honoured to make a presentation of our new English teacher.我很荣幸向大家介绍我们新来的英语老师。
The presentation of prizes will begin at three o'clock.
颁奖仪式将在三点开始。
[拓展]　(1)present vt.上演；展现；授予；颁发
present sb. with sth.颁发给某人某物；送给某人某物
present sth. to sb.把某物捐赠给某人
(2)adj.现在的，目前的；出席的，到场的　n．现在；礼物
be present at the meeting出席会议
presnet adj.
the scientists present at the meeting出席会议的科学家
the present
at present现在；目前
(3)presenter n．(广播、电视)节目主持人；演讲人；发言人
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①You have your ________ (present) prepared and you're ready to start.
②My classmates and I are overjoyed to hear that you'll stay in our school for one week this summer vacation, during which time you'll give us a ________ (present) about art in western countries.
③The educationalist presented a medal ________ each winner in the sports meeting.
④Always make your ________ (present) just a bit shorter than anticipated.
写出句中present的词性及含义
⑤She is too angry at the present moment to listen to the reason.____________
⑥There were twenty people in all present at the meeting.____________
⑦Father's birthday present was hidden in the kitchen cupboard.____________
⑧The headmaster presented her with a gold medal.____________
6．behaviour n．行为，举止　behave v．表现；有礼貌
(教材原句)I had heard stories about his bad behaviour.
我听说过一些他的不良行为。
good/bad behaviour 良好/恶劣行为
social behaviour 社会行为
behaviour problems 行为问题
change one's behaviour 改变某人的行为
examine one's behaviour 检查某人的行为
behaviour disorder 行为异常
be on one's best behaviour 尽量表现得体
She is pleased with her child's good behaviour.
她对自己孩子的良好行为感到欣慰。
She drank too much and wasn't on her best behaviour.
她喝得太多了，举止不太得体。
Knowing these causes can make us examine our behaviour, and correct bad habits.
了解这些原因可以让我们检查自己的行为，纠正坏习惯。
If you don't know how to behave yourself at table in a foreign country, you should copy the host.
如果你在国外不知道餐桌礼仪，你应该效仿主人的做法。
Parents should educate their children to behave well.
父母应当教育子女守规矩。
[拓展]　behave properly举止得当
behave well/badly (to/towards sb.)
(对某人)表现好/不好
be well-behaved/badly-behaved表现好/差的
behave like (＋n./pron.)表现得像……
behave oneself守规矩，举止得体
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①If he really cared for you, he wouldn't behave ________ that.
②She was ________ her best behaviour because she wanted a present on her birthday.
③He told his pupils to behave ________ (they) and not to chat while listening to a lecture.
④Your bad ________ (behave) is totally unacceptable on such an occasion.
完成句子
⑤Mind and ________________ (守规矩) and don't be any trouble.
7．drag v．拖，拉；迫使，劝人勉强来(或去)；缓慢而费力地行进　n．累赘；阻力
(教材原句)… he was dragging his schoolbag behind him and looking bored...
……他书包在身后拖着，一副百无聊赖的样子……
drag... away (from) 将……(从……)拖走
drag... out of 把……从……中拖出来
drag behind 落在(某人或某事物)后面；(质量等)落后
When you can drag him away from his work, he can also be a devoted father.
当你能强迫他远离工作的时候，他也可以是个充满爱心的父亲。
I find it really hard to drag myself out and exercise regularly.我发现很难强迫自己经常出来锻炼。
She always drags behind when we walk anywhere.
我们每走到什么地方她都慢慢腾腾吃力地跟在后面。
High interest rates are a drag on the housing market.
高利率是住房市场上的一个阻力。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It will take two elephants to drag all the wood ________．
②He loves his family, but they're ________ drag on his career.
③I wanted to stay, but she ________ (drag) me off to help her shop.
④She dragged herself ________ of bed, still half asleep.
⑤The tired old man dragged himself slowly ________ the others.
写出句中drag的词性及含义
⑥The policemen dragged the men out of the vehicles.____________
⑦Having to work late every day is a drag.____________
8．access n．进入；接触的机会；通路；入口；(使用、查阅、接近或见到的)机会　vt.进入；使用；获取，存取(计算机文件)；到达
(教材原句)The thing about being a teacher is that you have access to children's minds...
做教师意味着，你有机会……走进孩子们的心灵。
the access to... ……的通道；……的机会
have access to 有权使用……；有接近……的机会
gain/get access to 得到……的使用权；获得接近……的机会
give access to... 准许出入……；能接触或到达……
be denied access to sb. 被拒绝见某人
The only access to success is to have a clear goal and enough preparation to achieve it.
成功的唯一机会就是有一个清晰的目标和实现它的充分准备。
All the students in our school have free access to the library.我们学校的所有学生都能免费使用图书馆。
The Yangtze River would give access to much of China's interior.长江使得人们能够到达中国内陆许多地方。
We can't access the Internet.我们连不上网。
We accessed the wall through the South Gate.
我们是通过南门进入城墙的。
We can access mail remotely.我们可以远程获取邮件。
[单词积累]　accessible adj.可进入的；可使用的；可接近的→inaccessible adj.难以达到的
be accessible to……可使用；……可进入
more accessible to young people 更容易为年轻人所了解
remain inaccessible 仍然无法访问
Medicine should not be kept where it is accessible to the children.
药物不应放在孩子可以拿到的地方。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Campuses are usually ________ (access) by public transportation.
②This scientist ________ (access) different files to find the correct information.
单句写作
③住在这里的人可以免费使用这个游泳池。
________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________(access n．)
9．worthwhile adj.值得做的；重要的；有益的
(教材原句)．.. then I know what I'm doing is worthwhile.
……那么我知道我做的是值得的。
[句式]　It is worthwhile 　做某事是值得的。
be worth＋n./pron. 值得……，值……
be worth doing 值得做(主动表被动)
be worthy of＋n. 值得……
be worthy of being done＝be worthy to be done 值得被做
It is worthwhile consulting your tutor about it again.
再向你的导师咨询一下这个问题是值得的。
Do you think it is worthwhile to spend so much money carrying out this project
你认为花这么多钱来实施这个项目值得吗？
[误区警示]　worthwhile和worthy除作表语之外还可作定语，而worth只能作表语。
如：a worthy man一位可敬的人
a worthwhile
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①________ isn't worthwhile spending so much time on minor problems.
②It is worth considering what makes “convenience” foods so popular, and ________ (introduce) better ones of your own.
选词填空：worth/worthy/worthwhile
③It is ________ to get aboard a train to see country scenery.
④This book is a monumental work ______ of China's new cultural movement.
⑤The job involves a lot of hard work but it's ________ it.
第二版块|重要短语
1．add up to总共是，总计为；结果是；表示
(教材原句)The only thing I can remember from school maths is that the angles of a triangle add up to 180 degrees!
我唯一还记得的数学课内容是三角形的内角和是180度！
add up 合计，把……加起来；说得通
add... to... 把……加到……上
add to 增加，增添；扩建
add that... 补充说……，继续说……
The numbers of women doctors and women nurses in the hospital add up to two hundred and five.
这个医院的女医生、女护士共计二百零五人。
I don't think these facts will add up to anything.
我认为这些事实说明不了任何问题。
Add up all the income you've received over the period.
把这段时间你收到的所有收入加起来。
I can't understand this case; the facts just don't add up.
我不理解这一案例；这些事实不合情理。
We need to use our imagination and add art to our teaching.我们需要运用我们的想象力，在教学中加入艺术。
He then added that he was very pleased to see me again.
他然后又补充说他再次见到我感到很高兴。
Fireworks added to the attraction of the festival night.
烟火使节日之夜更加生辉。
[比较]　add up to后跟合计起来的数作宾语，主语常是number, figure, bill等；
add to的宾语多为difficulty, pleasure, trouble等抽象名词。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①For a hit show, profits can add up ________ millions of dollars.
②The dictionary is out of date: many words have ________ (add) to the language since it was published.
③At the exits polite assistants will take the goods and add ________ the cost.
④The newly constructed high buildings add greatly ________ the beauty of this city.
选词填空：add to/add...to.../add up/add up to
⑤Will you ________ more sugar ________ your coffee
⑥Please ________ the numbers and I'm sure they will ________ more than 1，000.
⑦The heavy snow yesterday ________ the traffic burden of the city at rush hour.
2．for the first time初次，第一次
(教材原句)… I really became interested in a subject for the first time.……我第一次对一门学科真正产生了兴趣。
For the first time in years, she felt in command of her life.
多少年来第一次，她觉得生活掌握在自己的手里。
Long pauses, heart sinking. But he pressed on, playing for the first time in his life for a stranger.
长时间的停顿，心往下沉。但他坚持了下来，有生以来第一次为一个陌生人演奏。(说明：play for a stranger中间插入了for the first time in his life，以强调“第一次”)
[误区警示]　(1)for the first time是介词短语，在句中作时间状语。
I'll never forget hearing this piece of music for the first time.
我永远不会忘记第一次听到这首曲子时的情景。
(2)the first time是名词短语，可用作连词，引导时间状语从句。
I felt nervous the first time I gave a speech to many students.
我第一次给许多学生做演讲时感到紧张。
[学法点拨]　可用作连词引导时间状语从句的名词短语或副词：
(1)the first/second/... time第一/二/……次
(2)every/the last/the next time每次/上次/下次
(3)the moment/minute/second一……就……
I'll give you a call the moment I finish.
我一完成就给你打电话。
(4)immediately/directly一……就……
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I sampled the delights of Greek cooking ________ the first time.
②I told Joan the good news ________ (immediate) I saw her this afternoon.
③I have to go to Dallas ________ moment the meeting finishes.
完成句子
④I went to the inland city ________________________ (第一次) when I was ten.
⑤We recognised his voice ________________________ (一……就……) he spoke.
⑥________________ (每次) I catch a cold, my nose runs.
3．used to过去经常，曾经
(教材原句)He used to explain things which seemed difficult with lots of practical examples and in simple language.
他过去常常结合很多实际例子，并用简单的语言解释看似很难的知识。
I used to stay up late and read for half an hour before going to bed.我过去常常熬夜并且在睡觉之前读半小时书。
Agriculture used to be the economic backbone of this country.农业曾是这个国家的经济支柱。
[比较]　used to do sth./be used to (doing) sth./be used to do sth.
(1)used to do sth.过去常常做某事，曾经做某事(强调现在不这样了)；
I used to get up early and take an hour's walk before breakfast.我过去常常很早起床并且在早餐之前散步一小时。
(2)be used to (doing) sth.习惯于(做)某事(to是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词)；
He is used to the warm climate of the south.
他习惯了南方温暖的气候。
(3)be used to do sth.被用来做某事(被动语态)。
Wood will be used to build the farmhouse.
木材将被用来建造农舍。
[一言辨异]　The old man used to watch TV after supper, but now he is used to taking a walk in the park and his stick is used to help him walk.这位老人过去经常在晚饭后看电视，但现在他习惯于在公园散步，他的拐杖被用来帮他走路。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①My grandparents are used ________ the life in the suburbs.
②Music and lighting are used ________ (encourage) shoppers to buy more.
③If you want to join them, you should get used to ________ (act) independently.
完成句子
④Her library ________________ (过去是) a meeting place for all who loved books and liked to share knowledge.
⑤________________ (她过去常常) give lectures to teenagers
⑥We ____________ (曾经) get information from newspapers, but now we ____________ (习惯于) searching for it on the Internet.
4．a couple of一些，几个；一双，一对
(教材原句)I've read a couple of Graham's books and seen him on TV.我读了几本格雷厄姆的书，也在电视上看到过他。
a couple of days 几天
an old couple 老两口
in couples 成双成对地
a newly married couple 新婚夫妇
As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight.
正如几周前有人在这篇文章中指出的，他们吃的食物很好，而且从不增重。
The dancers appeared on the stage in couples.
舞蹈演员们成双成对地出现在舞台上。,[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The doctor ordered him to stay in bed for ________ couple of days.
②It is said that this kind of bird appears ________ couples.
完成句子
③He has been down with the flu for ________________________ (几天).
5．catch sb. doing sth.撞见某人正在做某事
be caught/trapped in the storm 被困在暴风雨中
be/get caught/trapped in heavy traffic 遭遇交通堵塞
He was caught cheating in the exam.
他被发现考试作弊了。
You wouldn't catch me working(＝I would never work) on a Sunday！你绝对不会看到我在星期日工作！
She caught herself wondering whether she had made a mistake.她发觉自己在怀疑是否犯了错误。
[说明]　(1)catch意为“当场发现(或发觉)”。
(2)doing sth.作宾语补足语，该短语常用于被动语态；注意catch用于该结构时，宾补不能用其他非谓语形式。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The child was caught ________ (walk) across the road by himself.
②I don't want to catch you ________ (push) yourself into the picture to get some personal publicity.
③My niece had one trip last year where she ________ (catch) by a hurricane in America.
第三版块|典型句式
1．what引导名词性从句
(教材原句)I had no idea what hydrogen was, and I didn't really want to know, either!
我不知道氢是什么，而且也不想知道！
[句式分析]　what引导名词性从句：what可以引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。what在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，what可译成“……的东西/事情”。
What made my mother upset was that my younger brother was ill.
让我妈妈不安的事情是我弟弟病了。(what引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语)
I trust my teacher, so I believe what he said.
我信任我的老师，所以我相信他说的话。(what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语)
The singer is no longer what he used to be 10 years ago.
这位歌手不再是10年前的样子了。(what引导表语从句，并在从句中作表语)
I have no idea what has happened to him.
我不知道他发生了什么事。(what引导同位语从句，并在从句中作主语)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He wants very much to earn some money, but I don't see ________ he can do.
②“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is ________ my mother used to tell me.
③Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on ________ could be hunted or gathered from the wild...
完成句子
④________________________________ (这段经历让人如此激动不已的) is the out-of-this-world scenes.
2．if only句式中的虚拟语气
(教材原句)Sometimes I think, if only I could call him and ask for his opinion!
有时我甚至想，如果能打电话征求他的意见就好了！
If only I would have a good chance to study German.
但愿我将能得到一个学习德语的好机会。
If only we had been college students last year!
去年我们要是大学生该多好！
[学法点拨]　if only后跟虚拟语气的三种情况：
(1)对现在情况的虚拟：主语＋动词过去式(be用were)＋其他。
(2)对过去情况的虚拟：主语＋had＋过去分词＋其他。
(3)对将来情况的虚拟：主语＋could/would/might＋动词原形＋其他。
If only they were here now, we would be able to celebrate their wedding anniversary.
要是他们现在在这儿，我们就能庆祝他们的结婚纪念日了。
If only you had come to my birthday party last night.
要是你昨晚来参加我的生日聚会就好了。
If only it would stop raining！但愿雨能停下来！
[说明]　(1)在if only这个短语中，only只是加强if的语气，该短语不仅能表达说话人的愿望，而且能表达条件。
(2)if only常用来表达强烈的愿望或遗憾，主要用在虚拟语气中，用以表达强烈的愿望或非真实条件，意为“但愿”“要是……该多好啊”等。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I can't find a solution to this problem. If only he ________ (be) here!
②He is involved in the trouble now. If only he ________ (listen) to his parents!
完成句子
③The snow was soft and deep outside. ________________ (要是他能出去……就好了) to try his new sledge.
④______________________________ (我只有得到一份全职工作) will I be able to support my family.
⑤____________________ (要是我能睡会儿), I would be able to feel better.
⑥I need to take the English exam again. If only ____________________________ (我通过了上一次考试)！
3．现在分词(短语)作宾补(宾语与作宾补的动词之间是主动关系)
(教材原句)Once I caught him and his friends seeing who could jump the farthest off the school stage！有一次我撞见他和几个朋友比赛，看谁能从学校的舞台上跳得最远！
You won't catch me inviting those people to my house again.你不会见到我再邀请那些人到我家来了。
[归纳拓展]　(1)动词的宾语补足语
①位于感官动词(短语)后：如see、notice、observe、hear、feel、smell、watch、find、listen to、look at等。
He observed a stranger hanging around the store.
他看到一个陌生人在商店附近闲逛。
She felt anger arising in her heart.她感到心中涌起股怒气。
注意：v.-ing作宾补，表示动作正在进行；而动词原形作宾补，则表示动作的全过程。试比较：
I saw him getting out of the car.我看见他正从小汽车里出来。
I saw him get out of the car.我看见他从小汽车里出来了。
②位于其他动词后：如have、get、keep、leave、catch、set等。
She kept me waiting for over twenty minutes.
她让我等了20多分钟。
His question has set me thinking.他的问题让我深思。
(2)with复合结构
在with复合结构中，如果宾语发出动作，且表示动作持续或进行，则用现在分词作宾补。
I won't be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.
因为妈妈病了，我无法去度假。
在with复合结构中，动词不定式作宾补虽然也表示宾语发出动作，但是表示动作将要发生。
With so many people to help us, we are sure to finish it on time.有这么多人帮忙，我们一定能按时完成它。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①If you are caught ________ (cheat) in the exam, you can hardly get away with it.
②After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother's voice ________ (call) him.
③Peter, a colleague of mine, was standing on the bridge and watching boats ________ (pass) by.
④The dancer's incredible performance had the audience on its feet ________ (clap) for 10 minutes at the end of the show.
⑤China's image is improving steadily, with more countries ________ (recognise) its role in international affairs.
句型转换
⑥The operator left hurriedly and the machine was still running.→The operator left hurriedly ________________________ (with复合结构)
4．There's no such＋可数名词单数＋as...没有像……这样的……
(教材原句)I think it's important to understand that there's no such thing as a good or a bad student.
我认为重要的是要知道没有所谓的好学生或者坏学生。
There's no such thing as a free lunch in the world.
世界上没有免费的午餐。
[归纳拓展]　比较顺序
(1)all、some、many、much、few、little、several、one等＋such＋名词。
(2)当such与a/an同时修饰单数可数名词时，such在前，a/an在后，如such a chance。
[学法点拨]　在“There's no such...＋as...”中，no相当于not a/an，所以后面的可数名词单数前不加冠词。即：no such＋单数名词＝not such＋a/an＋单数名词。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He had never seen such ________ strange car before.
完成句子
②There is ________________________ (没有这样的一个学生) who is called Tom in our class.
③I think ________________________ (魔法这种东西是不存在的).
④______________________________ (没有失败这回事). It's just an opportunity to learn.
5．现在分词短语作状语
(教材原句)．.. but as soon as I set up an experiment to show how the human stomach works using acid and an onion, he gave me his full attention.
……但当我用酸和洋葱做一个展示人类的胃如何运作的实验时，他全神贯注。
[句式分析]　现在分词短语作状语可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随。
Having persuaded him to change his mind, I went on a journey with him.
说服他改变主意后，我跟他一起去旅行了。(时间状语，相当于时间状语从句)
Being ill, she didn't go to school as usual today.
因为生病，她今天没像往常一样去上学。(原因状语，相当于原因状语从句)
Turning right, you will find the place you want.
往右转，你就会找到你要找的地方了。(条件状语，相当于条件状语从句)
Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.
尽管知道了这一切，他们还是让我赔偿损失。(让步状语，相当于让步状语从句)
The mother died, leaving a lot of money for her children.
那位母亲去世了，给她的孩子们留下了一大笔钱。(结果状语，表示自然而然的结果)
He sat at the table reading China Daily.
他坐在桌子旁看《中国日报》。(伴随状语)
[总结]　一般情况下，分词短语作原因、时间、条件、让步、方式状语时，往往放在句首；分词短语作伴随、结果、比较状语时往往放在句末。(但unless引导条件状语时常常置于句尾。)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①________ (approach) the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window.
②________ (see) from the hill, you will find the city extremely beautiful.
③Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way ________ (use) the sun and the stars.
④A city is the product of the human hand and mind, ________ (reflect) man's intelligence and creativity.
⑤________ (step) forward, I said, “Dad, here is what I received for my work...”
6．not all部分否定
(教材原句)However, I have not done as well with all my students as I have with Graham.
不过，并不是每一个学生我都能像教格雷厄姆那么成功。
[句式说明]　总括性词与not连用时，表示部分否定。这类总括性词有all、both、every、everything、everybody、everyone、always、altogether等。
Not all birds can fly.＝All birds can't fly.
并不是所有的鸟都会飞。
We are not always busy！我们并不总是这么忙！
[易错警示]　表示全部否定意义的词(none、neither、nothing、nobody、no one、never等)与肯定形式的谓语动词连用，表示全部否定。
None of my friends came.我的朋友一个都没来。
We know nothing about her family.
我们对她的家庭一无所知。
[即学即练]　完成句子
①But ________________ (并非所有的幽默感) are created equal.
②________ (并不是所有的顾客) are tourists.
③并不是每个人都能做到那一点——它需要多年的经验，但打印机使它变得容易。
________________ can do that—it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy.
④There's ________________ (你什么忙也帮不上).
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I managed to ________ (拖) my lazy nephew from his bed.
2．You need a password to get ________ (进入) to the computer system so that you can open the app.
3．It's really ________ (值得做的) for my niece to pay a visit to her desired colleges personally before applying.
4．He was ashamed of his rude ________ (行为) and apologised to his teacher.
5．The purpose of this programme is to develop the competitors' ________ (实践的) abilities.
6．The educationalist has ________ (投入) millions into the education system.
7．What my mate ________ (缺乏) are patience and determination.
8．The famous educationalist delivered a ________ (报告) to the students of the university.
9．It wasn't worthwhile ________ (继续) with the project.
Ⅱ.短语填空
for lack of, have access to, a couple of, used to, for the first time, pour into
1．There are ____________ things I have to handle first before going out with you.
2．Students ____________ good resources in the secondary school.
3．I ____________ associate with those naughty guys as a young boy.
4．Our trip to Beijing was delayed ____________ financial support.
5．I was delighted to come across my former mate in the restaurant ____________ after he had been away for ten years.
6．Crowds of passionate tourists ____________ London during the summer months every year.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．I turned to find him ________ (come) towards me, his small body rocking from side to side as he swung his feet forward.
2．Grant didn't wait—clutching (抓牢) the baby to his chest and ________ (drag) the boy alongside, Grant ran down the hallway.
3．An important part of its corn is used ________ (feed) chickens, pigs, and cattle.
4．Knowing these causes can make us examine our ________ (behave), and correct bad habits.
5．Public libraries connected by a cooperative network benefit readers by giving access ________ online reading at a library branch.
6．The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there's a new bonus to add ________ the ever-growing list.
7．Data about the moon's composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether its plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are ________ (practice).
8．________ the first time in my life, I actually felt cool. Now I know who I am!
9．Lack ________ talent and time is no reason for taking no action.
10．Oh Kevin, I'm preparing a ________ (present) for the city library. It's about a girl named Tracy Woods.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．我的侄子忘了把那封信寄给我。要是他没忘记寄就好了。
My nephew forgot to send that letter to me. ________________________ to send it.
2．仍然重要的是，我们有一种令人难以置信的去思考和创造的欲望，这才是真正的发明精神。
________________________ is that we have an incredible desire to think and create, and that's the real spirit of invention.
3．他当着我的面所说的话让我很难过。
__________________________ in front of me made me upset.
4．自从中学毕业以来，我一直没有见过我的英语老师。
I __________________________ my English teacher since I left secondary school.
5．当你在预习功课的时候，你应该标出使你困惑的地方。
You should highlight ________________________ when previewing your lessons.
6．我侄女尝试了一种新的食谱，结果减肥了。
My niece tried a new diet, ________________．
7．并不是所有的学生都能在截止日期前上交他们的论文。
____________________________ can hand in their papers before the deadline.
8．在西部地区当志愿老师时，这个女孩对绘画产生了兴趣。
__________________________ in the west, the girl took up painting.
Section B　Lesson 1 Teachers
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．angle　2.rocket　3.pour　4.fuel　5.drag　6.acid　7.onion
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．practice; practical　2.present; presentation　3.behave; behaviour　4.educate; education; educational　5.oxygen; hydrogen　6.accessible　7.triangle
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．make friends with sb.　2.practical example　3.add up to　4.for the first time　5.used to　6.ask for one's opinion
7．a couple of　8.bad behaviour　9.catch sb. doing sth.
10．drag his schoolbag behind him　11.break into
12．cheer for　13.break down　14.(sb.) run out of (sth.)
1．把……投入/倒进……　2.引发，使爆炸；出发，动身
3．对自己缺乏信心　4.给……做报告　5.要是……就好了　6.确保　7.成功之路　8.有使用或接近……的权利/机会　9.渴望学习　10.是值得的　11.撞上　12.入睡
课文研析·语篇理解
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．C　2.A　3.C　4.A
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
A
1．who　2.simply　3.boring　4.practical　5.using　6.built
7．into　8.it　9.presentation　10.to have
B
1．books　2.of　3.before　4.quickly　5.an
6．encouragement　7.had done　8.Teaching　9.successful　10.itself
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．① ②out　③in　④saying　⑤实际的　⑥实用的
2．①down　②in　③into　④out　⑤on　⑥poured down　
⑦pouring in
3．①fuelled　②动词，给……提供燃料　③名词，燃料　④动词，加剧
4．①a　②lacking　③for/from　④(a) lack of　⑤for/from lack of　⑥lacking in
5．①presentation　②presentation　③to　④presentation
⑤形容词，现在的　⑥形容词，在场的　⑦名词，礼物
⑧动词，颁发
6．①like　②on　③themselves　④behaviour
⑤behave yourself
7．①away　②a　③dragged　④out　⑤behind　⑥动词，拖　⑦名词，阻力
8．①accessible　②accessed　③People living here can have free access to the swimming pool.
9．①It　②introducing　③worthwhile　④worthy　⑤worth
第二版块|重要短语
1．①to　②been added　③up　④to　⑤add; to　⑥add up; add up to　⑦added to
2．①for　②immediately　③the　④for the first time　⑤the moment/the minute/the second/immediately/directly
⑥Every time
3．①to　②to encourage　③acting　④used to be　⑤Used she to/Did she use to　⑥used to; are used to
4．①a　②in　③a couple of days
5．①walking　②pushing　③was caught
第三版块|典型句式
1．①what　②what　③what　④What is so breathtaking about the experience
2．①were　②had listened　③If only he could get out
④Only if I get a full-time job　⑤If only I could get some sleep　⑥I had passed the last exam
3．①cheating　②calling　③passing　④clapping
⑤recognising　⑥with the machine still running
4．①a　②no such student　③there is no such thing as magic
④There is no such thing as failure
5．①Approaching　②Seeing　③using　④reflecting
⑤Stepping
6．①not all senses of humour　②Not all the customers
③Not everybody　④nothing you can do to help
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．drag　2.access　3.worthwhile　4.behaviour　5.practical
6．poured　7.lacks　8.presentation　9.continuing/to continue
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．a couple of　2.have access to　3.used to　4.for lack of
5．for the first time　6.pour into
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．答案与解析：coming　find sb. doing sth.发现某人正在做某事，由语境可知，此处用现在分词作宾补。句意：我转过身，发现他正朝我走来，他小小的身体一边向前摆动，一边左右摇晃。该句中his small body rocking from side to side为“名词＋现在分词短语”构成的独立主格结构。
2．答案与解析：dragging　空格处与clutching并列，均为现在分词短语作伴随状语。句意：格兰特没有等——他把婴儿抱起来，把男孩拖到旁边，沿着走廊跑去。
3．答案与解析：to feed　be used to do sth.被用来做某事。句意：它(所生产)的玉米中重要的一部分被用来喂鸡、猪和牛。
4．答案与解析：behaviour　动词examine后面应用名词作宾语。句意：了解这些原因可以让我们审视自己的行为，改正坏习惯。
5．答案与解析：to　give access to“接近，有机会进入”。句意：由协作网络连接的公共图书馆通过提供在图书馆分馆进行在线阅读的机会让读者受益。
6．答案与解析：to　add to...增加到……，为固定搭配。句意：有规律锻炼的好处已经有很好的证明了，但又有一项新的好处要增加到日益增长的列表上了。
7．答案与解析：practical　系动词后接形容词作表语。句意：关于月球成分的数据，比如它包含多少冰和其他宝藏，能够帮助中国决定未来的月球基地计划是否可行。
8．答案与解析：For　for the first time第一次。句意：在我的生命中，我第一次真正感觉很酷。现在我知道我是谁了！
9．答案与解析：of　lack of缺乏。句意：缺乏天赋和时间不是不采取行动的理由。
10．答案与解析：presentation　prepare a presentation准备一份报告。句意：哦，凯文，我在为市图书馆准备一份报告，是关于一个叫特蕾西·伍兹的女孩的。
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．If only he had remembered
2．What remains important
3．What he said
4．haven't seen
5．what puzzles you
6．losing her weight
7．Not all students
8．Working as a volunteer teacherSection C　Lesson 2　How Do We Like Teachers' Feedback？
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ vt. 处理(难题)；应付(局面)
2．____________ adj. 烦恼的，心烦意乱的
vt. 使生气，使心烦意乱
3．____________ vt. 提出，提起
4．____________ n. 时态
5．____________ n. 方式，方法
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________ v．较喜欢→________ n．偏爱，偏好
2．________ n．羞耻；羞愧；惭愧→________ adj.羞愧的；内疚的；惭愧的
3．________ v．计划，打算→________ n．意图，目的；打算
4．________ v．强烈要求→________ adj.要求严格的；费力的
5．________ n．效应；影响；结果→________ adj.有效的
6．________ n．感觉；官能→________ adj.敏感的；善解人意的
7．________ v．输入＋________ 返回→________ n．反馈意见
8．high＋light→________ vt.标出；突出显示
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
将汉语译成相应的英文短语
1．________________　　　　　感到羞愧
2．________________ 个人偏好
3．________________ 小心处理某事
4．________________ 正面/负面的反馈
5．________________ 感到不安/伤心
6．________________ 即使
7．________________ 以一种不那么直接的方式
8．________________ 对……敏感
将英文短语译成汉语
1．give sb. an opportunity to do sth. ________________
2．point out mistakes ________________
3．face to face ________________
4．on campus ________________
5．more effective than ________________
6．highlight my mistakes ________________
7．past tense ________________
8．show the speaker's attitude ________________
核心探究·讲练互动
核心单词
1．preference n．偏爱，偏好；偏爱的事物　prefer vt.宁可；较喜欢　preferable adj.更可取，较合适
(教材原句)to depend on personal preference 依靠个人偏好
have/ show a preference for 对……偏爱；认为……更好
give (a) preference to... 优先考虑……；优待……
in preference to 优先于……；而不是……
I have a preference for serious novels to popular fiction.
比起通俗小说，我更喜欢严肃小说。
While selecting job applicants, we usually give preference to those with some experience.
在筛选求职者的过程中，我们通常优先考虑有一定经验的人。
She chose to learn the violin in preference to the piano.
她选择学小提琴而不是学钢琴。
She prefers pop music and jazz to classical music.
与古典音乐相比，她更喜欢流行音乐与爵士音乐。
They prefer to use that dictionary instead of using this one.他们更爱用那本词典而不爱用这本。
They preferred staying at home to going to the movies.
他们宁可待在家里，也不愿去看电影。
[拓展归纳]　
prefer A to B 喜欢A胜过喜欢B
prefer to do/ doing 更喜欢做……
prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事
宁愿做……而不愿做……
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I'd choose the small car in preference ________ the larger one.
②They always had a preference ________ taking their holidays abroad.
③I became a teacher because I preferred books and people ________ politics.
④Many people expressed a strong ________ (prefer) for a trip to the desert.
一句多译
他们宁死也不愿向敌人投降。
⑤________________________________________________________________________
(prefer doing... to doing...)
⑥________________________________________________________________________
(prefer to do... rather than do...)
⑦________________________________________________________________________
(would rather... than...)
2．handle vt.处理（难题）；应付（局面）；对待；操纵，操作　n．把手；柄
(教材原句)to be handled carefully 小心处理
handle sth. well/perfectly/badly/poorly某事处理得好/完美/不好/差
handle the crisis/conflict 处理危机/冲突
handle difficult customers 应付难对付的顾客
handle the machine 操作机器
handle a problem 处理问题
handle the situation well 很好地应付局势
handle the call 接电话
We can handle up to 500 calls an hour at our new offices.
我们在新办公室里每小时可处理多达500通电话。
I think I would handle a meeting with Mr Green very badly.我觉得我可能应付不了与格林先生的会谈。
I wasn't sure if I could handle such a powerful car.
对于能否驾驶功率这样大的汽车，我没有把握。
I turned the handle and found the door was open.
我转动把手，发现门是开着的。
[归纳拓展]　(1)熟词生义：handle的原意是“把手”，引申为“处理”时，其内涵是“管理”“操作”“控制”等。
(2)表示“对付，应付”的短语：do with, deal with。
[即学即练]　写出句中handle的词性及含义
①A new man was appointed to handle the crisis.____________
②To tell the truth, I don't know if I can handle the job.____________
③You have to push on the handle to turn it—it's very stiff.____________
④Do you know how to handle the machine？____________
⑤Some of the students are quite difficult to handle. They always challenge my patience.____________
⑥Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.____________
3．upset adj.烦恼的，心烦意乱的；失望　vt.(upset, upset)使生气，使心烦意乱；打乱；打翻
(教材原句)to get upset感到不安
be upset
upset sb. about sth. 因某事使某人不安/心烦意乱
upset your plan(s) 打乱你的计划
It upsets sb. to do sth. 做某事让某人心烦意乱
She's been very upset and depressed about this whole situation.整个境况使她感到心烦意乱、意志消沉。
I will be upset with the decision of the club but I will find another solution.
我会对俱乐部的决定感到失望，但是我会找到其他的解决方法。
Debbie was upset that he didn't spend more time with her.黛比感到不高兴，因为他没有花更多的时间来陪她。
Don't upset yourself about it—let's just forget it ever happened.你别为这件事烦恼了——咱们就只当它没发生过吧。
[一言助记]　The bad news upset me. As a result, I upset a glass of milk on the desk, which upset my plan for feeding the pet. My kid was upset about it.那则坏消息使我心烦意乱。结果，我把桌上的一杯牛奶弄翻了，这打乱了我喂宠物的计划。我的孩子对此很不高兴。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I was upset ________ Debbie ignored me when I passed by her.
②She stood up suddenly, ________ (upset) a glass of wine.
③It upset her ________ (hear) that the holiday had been cancelled.
一句多译
让汤姆感到沮丧的是我们忘记了他的生日。
④________________________________________________________________________
(be upset about)
⑤________________________________________________________________________
(be upset that...)
⑥_______________________________________________________________(upset v．)
4．ashamed adj.羞愧的；内疚的；惭愧的　shame n．遗憾的事；羞愧　vt.使羞愧；使蒙羞　shameful adj.可耻的　shameless adj.无耻的
(教材原句)to feel hurt/ashamed/discouraged 感到受伤/羞愧/泄气
be ashamed to do sth. 因惭愧而不情愿做某事
be ashamed of oneself 为自己感到羞愧
be ashamed of (doing) sth. 为(做)某事而感到惭愧/羞耻
feel/be ashamed that... 感到惭愧/羞愧……
to one's shame 令某人感到羞耻的是
What a shame! 多可惜！/真遗憾！
shameful behaviour 可耻的行为
hang/bow one's head in shame 羞愧地低下头
It's a shame that... 真遗憾……
She was ashamed to tell her parents that she had failed the exam.她不好意思告诉父母自己考试不及格。
You ought to be ashamed of yourselves. You've created this problem.你们应该感到惭愧，都是你们惹的祸。
The engineer felt ashamed that he couldn't repair this machine.这位工程师不会修理这台机器，他觉得惭愧。
[比较]　ashamed/shameful
(1)ashamed“羞耻的，惭愧的”，一般作表语，主语是人；
ashamed常用作表语。有同样用法的单词还有alone、asleep、awake、alike、aware等
(2)shameful“可耻的”，通常修饰事物或行为，既可作表语，也可作定语。
The boy is ashamed of his shameful behaviour.
那个男孩为自己的可耻行为感到羞愧。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He is ashamed ________ (let) me know what he has done.
②I feel quite ________ (shame) that I have not fulfilled the task.
③________ is a shame that they should abandon the project halfway.
选词填空：ashamed/shameful
④We must expose this ________ activity to the newspapers.
⑤She was deeply ________ of her behaviour at the party.
完成句子
⑥______________________ (真遗憾) we should have lost such an important customer.
⑦______________________ (令我羞愧的是), I never thanked him for his kindness.
5．intention n．意图，目的；打算　intend v．想要；打算　intended adj.为……打算/设计的；打算的
(教材原句)But I do understand my teacher's intention.
但我确实理解老师的意图。
have no intention of doing sth. 不打算做某事；无意做……
with the intention of... 有……的目的/意图；打算做……
have every intention of doing... 一心做……
indicate one's intention 表明某人的意图
intend to do sth.＝intend doing sth. 打算做某事
intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
be intended for 专为……准备/设计的
be intended to do sth. 打算做某事
As a matter of fact, they have no intention of getting married at present.事实上，他们目前没有结婚的打算。
He wrote the letter with the intention of asking for some advice.他写了这封信打算征求一些意见。
They intend to work hard and save to put their children through university.
他们打算努力工作，省下钱来供孩子上大学。
She intends me to have a talk with her parents.
她想让我和她父母谈谈。
This book is intended for the general readers rather than the students.这本书面向一般读者而非学生。
The design is intended to use space as economically as possible.这个设计方案是为了尽可能节省空间。
[学法点拨]　intend用于过去完成时(即had intended)，意为“本打算做而未做”。有这种用法的词还有hope、think、expect、mean等。
I had intended to go to your party yesterday but an unexpected guest visited me.
我昨天本来打算去参加你的聚会，但来了一位不速之客。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He left England ________ the intention of travelling in Africa.
②I have no ________ (intend) of allowing you to continue living here alone.
③The money is intended ________ the development of the tourism industry.
④The journey was intended ________ (achieve) more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done.
完成句子
⑤He went to Paris __________________ (目的是) learning French.
⑥The headmaster __________________ (打算让吉姆发表演讲) in front of the whole school.
⑦He ____________________ (原本打算找份工作) in the media, but gave up the plan after that unpleasant experience.
6．demanding adj.要求严格的；费力的　demand v. & n．要求
(教材原句)She is very strict and demanding...
她要求非常严格……
a demanding boss 一个苛刻的老板
a demanding job 一份要求很高的工作
demand to do sth. 要求做某事
in demand 需求量很大；很受欢迎
on demand 一经要求；按照需求
supply and demand 供给和需求
make demands on 对……提出要求
satisfy/meet one's demands 满足某人的要求
demand sth. from/of sb. 向某人要某物
It is a demanding role and she needs to work hard at it.
那是一个要求很高的角色，她需要努力。
Like running, swimming is physically demanding.
和跑步一样，游泳也需要有很好的体力。
My father came down and demanded to know what was going on.我父亲走下来并要求知道正在发生什么事情。
The teacher demanded that John (should) go there at once.(demand后的名词性从句要用虚拟语气，谓语用“(should＋)动词原形”)老师要求约翰马上去那里。
Our company will make efforts to satisfy the customers' demand for the product.
我们公司将努力满足客户对产品的需求。
[易错警示]　(1)用demand表示“要求某人做某事”时，不能用“demand sb. to do sth.”，而要用demand of/from sb. to do sth.
如：He demanded of/from me to shut the gate.他要求我关上大门。
不直接加宾语的动词还有arrange
如arrange for sb. to do sth.安排某人做某事
(2)表示“要求某人某事”时，不能用demand sb. sth.或demand sb. of sth.，而用demand sth. from/of sb.如：
He demanded help from/of us.
他要求我们援助。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Passengers must show their tickets ________ demand.
②Grandfather clocks are very much ________ demand again today.
③Her boss was very ________ (demand) but appreciative of Christina's talents.
④The workers in the factory demanded that their pay ________ (raise) by 20 percent.
⑤She never turned her back upon her neighbours whenever they made demands ________ her.
完成句子
⑥The company's report is available ____________________ (一经要求).
7．effective adj.有效的，生效的；实际的　effectively adv.有效地　effect n．影响；效果；作用
(教材原句)Although it is very demanding for my teacher, it is more effective than other types of feedback.
虽然这对我的老师要求很高，但它比其他类型的反馈更有效。
be effective
an effective cure 有效的治疗方法
take effective measures 采取有效措施
become effective 生效
come into effect (法律等)生效
have an effect/influence on 对……有影响
put/bring sth. into effect 使生效；实行；实施
take effect 生效，起作用
side effect 副作用
Should soap be effective against all flu viruses
肥皂对所有流感病毒都有效吗？
Last year saw a decline in the effective demand for steel.
去年，钢的实际需求下降了。
The contract wil l come into effect upon signature.
此合同一经签字就会生效。
The advertising campaign didn't have much effect on sales.
该广告宣传活动对销售额并没有起到多大作用。
[拓展]　in effect事实上；生效
His wife had, in effect, run the government for the past six months.过去的六个月实际上是他的妻子在执政。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The clothes are ________ (effect) in keeping cool in warm weather.
②That deal would create, ________ effect, the world's biggest airline.
③The new law will have no significant effect ________ the lives of most people.
④The public should be educated to use resources more ________ (effective).
⑤These and other such measures ought to have been put ________ effect last year.
⑥The medical experiments showed that the new medicine was not effective ________ cancer.
完成句子
⑦The traffic laws don't ______________ (生效) until the end of the year.
8．raise vt.提出，提起；升起，举起；饲养；筹集
(教材原句)It also gives us an opportunity to raise further questions about anything we don't understand.
这也给了我们一个机会对我们不了解的事情提出更多的问题。
raise questions 提出问题
raise people's confidence 提高人们的信心
raise one's
raise prices 提高价格
raise public awareness about environmental protection
提高公众环保意识
raise funds for the school 为该校筹集资金
raise money (＝raise funds) 筹钱
raise money for... 为……筹款
raise cattle 饲养牛
raise the family 养家
She raised her finger to her lips as a sign of silence.
她把手指放到嘴唇上以示安静。
We must do everything we can to raise the people's living standards.我们要想尽一切办法来提高人民的生活水平。
Farming produced more food per person than hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children.
农业比狩猎和采集生产出人均更多的食物，所以人们能够养育更多的孩子。
[比较]　raise/rise/arise
(1)raise vt. (raised, raised)举起，使……上升
(2)rise vi. (rose, risen)升起来，上升
(3)arise vi.(arose, arisen)产生，发生；出现
[即学即练]　写出句中raise的含义
①The old man likes raising rabbits, chickens, dogs and horses.____________
②They raised their output by more than half in less than three years.____________
③The committee helped us raise 200，000 yuan to found the school buildings.____________
④Every time I raise a question, she is the first to put up her hand. ____________
选词填空：raise/rise/arise
⑤As her name comes up, many memories ________．
⑥She ________ her head and stared at them.
⑦The sun ________ in the east and sets in the west.
9．highlight vt.标出；突出显示；强调　n．最好(或最精彩、最激动人心)的部分
(教材原句)For example, he can highlight my mistakes...
例如，他可以标出我的错误……
highlight one's mistakes 标出某人的错误
highlight the importance of creativity 强调创造力的重要性
highlight skills and achievements 突出技能和成绩
highlight the importance (of) 强调(……的)重要性
highlight concerns/problems 强调关注点/问题
the highlight of the show 演出中最精彩的部分
the highlight of the week's events 本周活动的亮点
the highlight of his career 他职业生涯的高峰期
Please highlight any terms that are unfamiliar to you.
请把你们不熟悉的词语都标示出来。
The president highlighted the importance of his visit to China.这位总统强调他访问中国的重要性。
I've highlighted the important tense in yellow.
我用黄色标出了重要时态。
[语境助记]　The highlight of our tour was visiting the palace.我们旅行中最精彩的部分就是参观那座宫殿。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The ________ (highlight) of the match are shown on TV.
②Vinnie confirmed her ability to make a full-length statue by ________ (highlight) the heavy labor she had done before.
写出句中highlight的词性及含义
③I'm just trying to highlight the things you have already known a little bit about.____________
④This week's TV highlights will be replayed at the weekend.____________
10．manner n．方式，方法；举止，态度；[pl.]礼貌；礼仪
(教材原句)．.. we should do it in a less direct manner, especially to those who are shy or sensitive.
……我们应该用一种不那么直接的方式做，尤其是对那些害羞或敏感的人。
in a(n)... manner 以一种……的方式；带着一副……的样子
in a friendly manner 友好地
in a rude manner 粗鲁地
have bad/good manners 没有/有礼貌
have no manners 没礼貌
mind one's manners 注意自己的举止
table manners 餐桌规矩；餐桌礼仪
It is good/bad manners to do sth. 做某事是有礼貌/没礼貌的。
There is a noticeable coolness in his manner.
在他的举止中表现出一种明显的冷淡。
Mother attaches a great deal of value to good manners．(manners常用来指“礼貌”)妈妈很重视礼貌。
It is good manners to write or telephone a day or two later to thank your host.
一两天后写信或打电话对东道主表示感谢是礼貌的。
[拓展]　
用这种方法/方式
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①________ is good manners not to disturb others when they are occupied with their work.
②It is my belief that good manners ________ (be) very important to everybody.
③The manner ________ which the decision was announced was extremely regrettable.
④The employer has earned her customers' respect because she has very pleasant telephone ________ (manner).
11．sensitive adj.敏感的；善解人意的；(对光、食物等)过敏的
be sensitive
be sensitive to
a sensitive issue/topic 敏感的问题/话题
a highly sensitive electronic camera 高度灵敏的电子摄像机
a sensitive and intelligent young man 一个善解人意、非常聪明的年轻人
The classroom teacher must be sensitive to a child's needs.课堂教师必须理解孩子的需求。
Young people are very sensitive about their appearance.
年轻人对自己的外貌很在乎。
She is very sensitive to this topic, so we'd better not discuss it before her.
她对这个话题很敏感，所以我们最好不要在她面前讨论。
You will need to be committed, patient and sensitive to others.你需要尽心尽力、有耐心和体恤他人。
[易错提示]　sensitive既可表示具体的“对……过敏”，又可以表示抽象的“对……敏感”。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Don't mention that she's put on weight—she's very sensitive ________ it.
②She's very ________ (sense) to her pupils' need for encouragement and knows when to praise them.
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He is a ________ (要求严格的) boss, which makes some workers complain a lot.
2．Ordinary soap, used correctly, is very ________ (有效的) in handling bacteria.
3．The book ________ (提出) the topic of innovation, which is well worth reading.
4．I have ________ (标出) the intention of the project in red.
5．I was grateful for you treating me in a kind ________ (方式) during my stay in London.
6．There are several effective ways to ________ (处理) the tough problem.
7．The host of the restaurant has a strong ________ (偏爱) for modern music.
8．No wonder that my niece was so ________ (心烦意乱的). She failed the maths test.
9．He was ________ (羞愧的) of his rude behaviour to the stranger who knocked him down.
10．The ________ (目的) of the activity is to encourage more engagement of charity.
Ⅱ.短语填空
have a preference for, highlight the importance of, be sensitive to, be upset about, have a positive effect on, be ashamed of
1．The young couple like associating with others, which ____________ to growth of their children.
2．The educationalist ____________ family education at the meeting.
3．Children ____________ the topic the teacher refers to in class.
4．My niece ____________ collecting all kinds of stamps.
5．The competitor ____________ having failed in the competition.
6．What my nephew ____________ is that his lovely dog was ill.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Like running, race walking is physically ________ (demand), she says.
2．However, the majority of people are ________ (effect) speakers because they train to be.
3．Seeing a ray of hope, Ms Burdeyney began ________ (raise) money for the project with a friend, Toronto businessman Meyer Zeifman.
4．However, when she hung up, she regretted the way she ________ (handle) the call.
5．However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of ________ (upset) consumers.
6．We are often ashamed ________ our shortcomings, our mistakes and our failures.
7．But when Dennis Williams received a text that clearly wasn't intended ________ him, he did something special.
8．My nephew left England with the ________ (intend) of travelling in Africa.
9．The host of the programme is very sensitive ________ others' feelings.
10．Many people expressed an extremely strong ________ (prefer) for the original plan.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．他非常渴望找份工作，什么都愿意干。
He ________________ a job that he would do anything.
2．悲伤或担心的学生几乎总是皱着眉头。他们还可能用手掩着脸，表现出尴尬或羞愧的样子。
Students who are sad or worried will nearly always wear a frown. They may also hide their faces in their hands like they ________________．
3．他离开英格兰，打算去非洲旅行。
He left England ________________ travelling in Africa.
4．我得说我对法国电影有强烈的偏爱。
I must say I ________________ French movies.
5．其他学生还不够成熟，无法自己应对挑战，可能会变得抑郁。
Other students are not mature enough to ________________ and may become depressed.
Section C　Lesson 2　How Do We Like Teachers' Feedback
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．handle　2.upset　3.raise　4.tense　5.manner
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．prefer; preference　2.shame; ashamed　3.intend; intention　4.demand; demanding　5.effect; effective
6．sense; sensitive　7.feed; back; feedback　8.highlight
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．feel ashamed　2.personal preference
3．handle sth. carefully　4.positive/negative feedback
5．get upset　6.even though/if　7.in a less direct manner
8．be sensitive to
1．给某人做某事的机会　2.指出错误　3.面对面地　4.在校园里　5.比……更有效　6.标记出我的错误　7.过去时态　8.展示说话者的态度
核心探究·讲练互动
核心单词
1．①to　②for　③to　④preference　⑤They preferred dying to giving in to the enemy.　⑥They preferred to die rather than give in to the enemy.　⑦They would rather die than give in to the enemy.
2．①动词，处理　②动词，应对　③名词，把手　④动词，操作
⑤动词，对付　⑥动词，应对
3．①that　②upsetting　③to hear　④Tom is upset about our forgetting his birthday.　⑤Tom is upset that we forgot his birthday.　⑥It upsets Tom that we forgot his birthday.
4．①to let　②ashamed　③It　④shameful　⑤ashamed　⑥It is a shame that　⑦To my shame
5．①with　②intention　③for　④to achieve　⑤with the intention of　⑥intended Jim to deliver a speech　⑦had intended to get a job
6．①on　②in　③demanding　④(should) be raised　⑤on　⑥on demand
7．①effective　②in　③on　④effectively　⑤into　⑥against
⑦take effect/come into effect
8．①饲养　②提高　③筹集　④提出　⑤arise　⑥raised　⑦rises
9．①highlights　②highlighting　③动词，强调　④名词，最精彩的部分
10．①It　②are　③in　④manners
11．①about　②sensitive
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．demanding　2.effective　3.raises　4.highlighted　5.manner　6.handle　7.preference　8.upset　9.ashamed　10.intention
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．has a positive effect on　2.highlighted the importance of　3.are sensitive to　4.has a preference for　5.was ashamed of
6．was upset about
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．demanding　2.effective　3.raising/to raise　4.had handled
5．upsetting　6.of　7.for　8.intention　9.to　10.preference
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．was so desperate to find/for
2．are embarrassed or ashamed
3．with the intention of
4．have a strong preference for
5．handle the challenges by themselves