Section A Topic Talk
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ n. 歌剧；歌剧艺术
2．____________ n. 乐队；乐团
3．____________ n. 戏装；化装服
4．____________ n. (画的)阴影部分
5．____________ n. 喜剧片；喜剧节目
6．____________ n. 爵士乐
7．____________ n. 戏剧
8．____________ n. 气氛；氛围
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．perform v．表演→________ n．表演；演出→performer n．表演者；演奏者；演员
2．exhibit v．展览→________ n．展出(会)，展览
3．class n．阶级；班级；等级；高质量；优秀→________ adj.第一流的；经典的，典雅的，传统的→________ adj.(音乐)古典的；传统的
4．calligraphy n．书法；书法艺术→________ n．书法家
5．talent n．才能；天才；天资→________ adj.有才能的；有天资的
6．compose vt.组成；构成；作(诗)，作(曲)→composer n．作曲家→composition n．作文，作品，乐曲→________ n．组成部分
7．month n．月，一个月(的时间)→________ adv.每月地；每月一次地
8．uplift vt.使振奋，鼓舞→________ adj.令人振奋的
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
A写出下列短语的汉意
1．whether...or not ________________
2．classical music ________________
3．jazz music ________________
4．calligraphy exhibitions ________________
5．stage design ________________
B写出下列汉语所对应的英文短语
1．________________ 喜欢；对……感兴趣
2．________________ 不是……而是……
3．________________ 忽略；遗漏；省去；不考虑
4．________________ 被认为是……/被看作……
5．________________ 在展出，在展览中
第一版块|核心单词
1)performance n．表演；演出；表现)
(教材原句)band performance乐队表演
give a performance (of) 演出(……作品)
a live performance 现场演出
go to/attend a performance 观看演出
one's performance at school 某人在学校的表现
a great/fine performance 出色的演出
We all appreciate her amazing performance in the Olympics.
我们都很欣赏她在奥运会上的非凡表现。
She is asked to give a performance.有人请她表演个节目。[拓展] perform v．表演，演出→performer n．表演者
My deskmate performed a perfect programme at the party.
我同桌在聚会上表演了一个完美的节目。
The performer played a Roman soldier in the film.
那位演员在那部电影中扮演了一名古罗马士兵。,[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①In baseball, the ________ (perform) of individual players is less dependent on teammates.
②Inside the theatre，we are giving ________ performance of comedy.
③Li Ming wants to be a ________ (perform) when he grows up.
完成句子
④This weekend, we will ________________________ (进行现场演出) to the old people from a local nursing home.
2)exhibition n．展出(会)，展览)
on exhibition 在展览中，在展出
stage/hold an exhibition 举办展览
visit an exhibition 参观展览
go to an exhibition 去参加展会
an art exhibition 艺术展
an exhibition of... ……展
Our art teacher's new paintings on exhibition left a deep impression on the visitors.
我们美术老师展出的新画作给参观者留下了深刻的印象。
We hold an exhibition every year.我们每年都举行一次展览会。
This is an opportunity for the exhibition of bravery.
这是一个展示勇气的机会。
[拓展] exhibit vt.展出，展览 n．[C]展品
exhibit (sth.) at/in在……展出/展览(某物)
He exhibits regularly in local art galleries.
他经常在当地的画廊办画展。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I would like to do some voluntary work for the ________ (exhibit).
②Zhang Daqian's paintings are ________ exhibition in the City Museum of Art.
③These important materials are prohibited from ________ (exhibit).
完成句子
④What kind of art is ________ (在展出)in our school hall
⑤________ (所有展品)were all arranged artistically (艺术化地).
3)classical adj.古典的；传统的 classic adj.经典的；典型的(表示品质一流) n．经典作品)
classical music/dance 古典音乐/舞蹈
a classical composer 古典音乐作曲家
classical ballet 古典芭蕾舞
a classic movie 经典影片
a classic example 典型例子
She likes to dress up as a classical beauty.她喜欢扮成古典美女。
It presents live entertainment, including pop, rock, folk, jazz, musicals, dance, world music, films and classical music.
它提供现场娱乐，包括流行、摇滚、民间、爵士、音乐剧、舞蹈、世界音乐、电影和古典音乐。
This is a classic example of poor communication.
这是缺乏有效沟通的典型例子。
King Lear is a classic.《李尔王》是一部经典名著。,[即学即练] 选词填空：classical/classic
①He is considered to be the best ________ singer in China.
②Let the students remember this as a ________ example.
完成句子
③Knowing that you are fond of ______________ (古典音乐), I'd like to invite you to tonight's performance.
(4)talented adj.有才能的；有天资的 talent n．天才；天资；天赋
be talented in... 在……方面有天赋
a talented actor/artist 有天赋的演员/艺术家
have (a) talent for... 有……天赋
show (a/one's) talent for... 显示出……天赋
a man of many talents 多才多艺的男子
a wealth of talent 丰富的人才/人才济济
a pool of talent 人才库
My best friend Lily is talented in music.
我最好的朋友莉莉在音乐方面很有天分。
She is proud that both her children have a talent for painting.
她为自己的两个孩子都有绘画天赋感到自豪。
Xu Beihong, the Father of Modern Chinese Painting, showed his talent for art when young.
中国现代绘画之父徐悲鸿在小时候就展现出了他的艺术天赋。
[相关联想]
gift n．天赋，天才，才能
have a gift for有……的天赋
gifted adj.有天赋的，有才华的
be gifted in/at在……方面有天赋,[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We will never know if we are interested or ________ (talent) in a subject if we don't try it.
②The mother found that her son had ________ musical talent.
③She is very talented ________ music and can play by ear.
④I have a talent ________ computers and I am interested in computer programme design.
⑤Rose's father was a ________ (talent) violinist.
⑥Li Bai was an extremely ________ (gift) poet.
完成句子
⑦我精力充沛的哥哥在踢足球方面有天赋。
My energetic brother has __________________________ playing football.
5)shade n．(画的)阴影部分；(色彩的)浓淡，深浅，色度；阴凉处 vt.给……遮挡(光线) )
strong contrasts of light and shade 明暗的强烈对比
a soft shade of red 柔和的红色
in the shade 在阴凉处
sit in the shade of a tree 坐在树荫下
put...in the shade 使……相形见绌，使……黯淡无光
shade one's eyes from the sun 遮着眼睛以避开阳光
In the fall，the woods are full of countless shades of brown，yellow and orange.
秋天，树林里有无数深浅不一的棕色、黄色和橙色。
The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species that depend on the trees' flowers and fruits.
森林的树荫为鸟类和其他依赖于树木的花朵和果实的物种提供了一个家园。
[易混比较]
·shade是不可数名词，指“阴凉处”，是一个立体空间；
·shadow是可数名词，指“影子”，是一个平面。
[教师提醒]
in shadow 在暗处
in the shadows在暗处
into shadow/into the shadows 进入阴影
from the shadows/out of the shadows 从暗处
through the shadows穿过阴影
live in the shadow of sb./sth.
生活在……的阴影中
[即学即练] 完成句子
①阳光直射下的水通常比阴凉处的水温暖。
Water is usually warmer in direct sunlight than ________________．
②马克在树荫下歇了一下。
Mark took a rest ________________ of a tree.
③His face was ________________．(在暗处)
④I could just make out a figure ______________. (在暗处)
6)atmosphere n．气氛；氛围；大气)
the working atmosphere 工作氛围
pollution of the atmosphere 大气污染
atmosphere of peace and calm 和平宁静的气氛
in the atmosphere 在大气中
The atmosphere over dinner was warm and friendly.
晚宴的气氛温馨而友好。
The level of pollution present in the atmosphere is decreasing.
大气的污染程度正降低。
[比较] atmosphere/air
atmosphere指围绕地球的空气，即大气层，也指气氛。
Our English teacher is trying to create an easy atmosphere where we enjoy learning.我们英语老师正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛，在这种气氛中，我们喜欢学习。
air空气，也泛指一般气体。
the fresh air outside外面的新鲜空气
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①All the people were enveloped in ________ atmosphere of joy.
②Reducing levels of carbon dioxide ________ the atmosphere is of great importance.
③Creating an atmosphere ________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
选词填空：atmosphere/air
④I like to go to the mountains for fresh ________.
⑤The ________ at lunch was relaxed.
7)monthly adv.每月地；每月一次地 adj.每月的；按月的 n．月刊)
(教材原句)I try to go monthly.我试图每月去一次。
monthly report 月报表；月度报告
monthly wage 月工资
a monthly meeting/visit/magazine 每月一次的会议/拜访/月刊
The meeting will be held monthly. 会议将每月举行一次。
Some people are now having trouble making their monthly house payments.现在一些人在支付房款月供上有困难。
I think this magazine is a monthly. 我认为这本杂志是月刊。
[拓展]
daily adj.每天的 adv.每天地 n．日报
weekly adj.每周的 adv.每周一次地 n．周刊；周报
yearly adj.每年的 adv.每年地
China Daily has become a window for foreigners to understand China.
《中国日报》成了外国人了解中国的窗口。
The newspaper is published twice weekly．
这份报纸每周出版两次。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We go to visit our grandparents ________ (month), who are living in the countryside.
②My ________ (month) income was just over 3000 yuan.
③Teachers usually get a medical examination ________ (year).
④Our teacher asked us to read the English ________ (week) newspaper to expand our vocabulary.
完成句子
⑤The husband gave his wife all his ________________ (每月工资).
第二版块|重要短语
1)be famous for因……而出名)
(教材原句)Edgar Degas(1834～1917)，a French painter who is famous for his paintings depicting dancers.埃德加·德加(1834～1917)，法国画家，以描绘舞者的画作而闻名。
He is famous as a writer.他作为作家而出名。
It was not until I came to Kunming that I realised this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
直到我来到昆明，我才意识到这个地方不仅因它的美丽而且因它的天气而闻名。
The campus singer is famous to the majority of teenagers.这个校园歌手为大多数青少年所熟知。
The artist who was famous in China drew inspiration from natural scenery.
这位在中国很有名的艺术家从自然风景中获得灵感。
[拓展]
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Yantai is famous ________ its fine wines.
②The City of Huangshan is famous ________ the known mountain ________ a tourist city ________ the world.
③Our English teacher is famous ________ the field of education.
④He is known ________ a physician ________ his skills ________ the local people.
完成句子
⑤Our hometown __________________ (因……而出名) its natural beauty.
2)be considered to be被认为是……)
(教材原句)Pablo Picasso(1881～1973)，a Spanish painter who is widely considered to be one of the most important artists of the 20th century.
西班牙画家巴勃罗·毕加索(1881～1973)被广泛认为是20世纪最重要的艺术家之一。
Sb./Sth. be considered to be/as...某人/某物被认为是……
Sb./Sth. be considered to be doing... 某人/某物被认为正在做……
Sb./Sth. be considered to have done... 某人/某物被认为已经做了……
Sb./Sth. be considered to have been done 某人/某物被认为已经被……
Confucius is considered to be the greatest educator in China.孔子被认为是中国最伟大的教育家。
The young man is considered to be working on a great project.这位年轻人被认为是在从事一项伟大的工程。
The worker is considered to have finished the task ahead of time.这名工人被认为提前完成了这项任务。
The package is considered to have been sent to my house by mistake.这个包裹被认为是误送到我家的。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The Yellow River is considered ________ (be) the mother river of China.
②Bell is considered ________ (invent) the phone.
③He is only considered to ________ (paint), not creating something.
④Charles Babbage is generally considered ________ (invent) the first computer.
完成句子
⑤These toys ____________________ (被看作是)children's favourite.
(3)leave out遗漏，省去；不考虑
leave out the detail 省去细节
leave out a letter 漏掉一个字母
feel left out 感觉被冷落
Leave it out! 得啦！算啦！
If you prefer mild flavours, reduce or leave out the chilli.
如果更喜欢清淡的口味，可少放或不放辣椒。
She left out an important detail in her account.
她在描述中遗漏了一个重要细节。
[提醒] leave out 中out是副词，宾语若是代词，要放在leave与out中间；宾语若是名词，可放在out后或leave与out中间。
You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind.你可能是那个离开的朋友，也可能是那个被留下来的朋友。
[拓展] leave for动身去……
leave sb./sth. alone
不打扰某人；不碰某物
leave aside搁置一边，不考虑
leave behind 留下；落后
leave off停止，中断
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We can leave ________ the second sentence.
②Please leave me ________ for a while so that I can finish the report.
③The journalist plans to leave ________ the office early in the morning, so that he can get prepared for the meeting.
第三版块|典型句式
1)whether...(or not)是否……)
(教材原句)Talk about whether you like them or not.
谈论你是否喜欢它们。
常用于ask, talk, worry about, know, wonder等动词(短语)后，引导名词性从句；还可以引导让步状语从句。
I want to know whether you like the book or not.
我想知道你是否喜欢这本书。
Whether he will come or not is not important.
他来不来不重要。
[误区警示] 通常用whether不用if的情况：
(1)whether与if引导动词宾语从句表示“是否”时，二者可以互换，但引导介词宾语从句时，用whether。
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings(or not).
我担心是否伤了她的感情。
(2)引导置于句首的主语从句或引导表语从句以及同位语从句时，用whether。
Whether he will come is not known.
他是否会来还不知道。
(3)其后与不定式to do连用时，用whether。
He wondered whether to wait for them or (to) leave immediately.他想知道是等他们还是马上离开。
(4)其后直接与or not连用时，用whether。
I'll write to you whether or not I can come.
不管能不能来，我都将给你写信。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It is still under discussion ________ the messy old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.
②The question is ________ we should go on with the work.
③It's not a question ________ he is rude.
④I'm going to the party ________ or not you like it.
⑤The viewer stood rooted to the ground，wondering ________ to stay or leave.
完成句子
⑥______________________________ (不管我们成功与否)，we can be sure that we did our best.
2)not...but...不是……而是……)
(教材原句)Art is not what you see, but what you make others see.艺术不是你看到什么，而是你让别人看到什么。
[拓展]
注意：这些结构作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由B决定
It's not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do that makes life happy.
不是做我们喜欢的事情而是去喜欢我们必须做的事情才能使人生幸福。
Not you but I am to blame for the outcome.
不是你而是我该为这个结果负责。
Not only the students but also their teacher goes to the exhibition.不仅学生们去了展览会，他们的老师也去了。
Either you or Tom gets the chance to go on a study trip.
要么你要么汤姆获得这次去游学的机会。
Neither I nor Amy is to attend the business conference if we are busy.如果我们忙的话，我和埃米都不能参加这个商务会议。,[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Not you but Miss Gao ________ (be) wrong.
②Neither the pen nor the books ________ (be) my favourite gift.
完成句子
③Reality is ________ the way you wish things to be, __________ (不是……而是……)the way they actually are.
④What matters is __________ the great moments，____________ (不是……而是……)the partial victories, the waiting, and even the defeats.
⑤Visiting this exhibition, we will ________ enjoy the folk art works, ________ (不但……而且……)learn calligraphy art.
3)疑问词＋不定式)
(教材原句)The best artists know what to leave out.
最好的艺术家知道如何留白。
[句式分析] “疑问词＋不定式(短语)”在作用上相当于一个名词性从句，常用在某些动词(如know, tell, imagine, learn, decide, forget, remember, consider, explain, wonder, understand等)后面作宾语，另外还可作主语、表语、同位语等。
常用的疑问词：
例如：I am considering what to do next.
我正在考虑下一步怎么办。(作宾语)
Where to go hasn't been decided.
去哪里还没有决定。(作主语)
The problem is where to find a new nurse.
问题是到哪里去找新护士。(作表语)
I have no idea how to get along with her．
我不知道如何与她相处。(作同位语)
[易错警示] 疑问副词why后不直接接不定式。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Jenna and Jeff knew exactly ________ to do.
②The disagreement was so sharp that neither he nor I knew how ________ (settle) it.
完成句子
③这位指挥总是告诉我该做什么，该怎么做。
The conductor always tells me ________________ and ________________ it.
④下国际象棋时你学到的绝对最重要的技能是如何做出明智的决定。
The absolute most important skill that you learn when you play chess is ________________ good decisions.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．She had avoided buying the classical ________ (戏装), but finally she agreed.
2．He used different ________ (色度)of grey in a creative way to show the sweat along the horse's body.
3．His loud scream created an ________ (气氛) of tension and fear.
4．Watching the famous band perform on the stage was an ________ (令人振奋的) experience.
5．He studied English and ________ (戏剧)at Manchester University.
6．Gaining confidence is a major ________ (组成部分)of developing leadership skills.
7．I happen to play a clown role in the ________ (歌剧)，and I love it very much.
8．Our ________ (乐队)played his masterpiece, which made all the audience present excited.
9．Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven are several famous representative composers of ________ (古典的)music.
10．My deskmate Zhang Jun always likes to perform ________ (喜剧) on the stage.
11．At the ________ (书法) competition, the student was asked to write a few characters.
Ⅱ.短语填空
leave out, be talented in, on exhibition, be into, in one's spare time
1．I determined to write them in alphabetical order (按字母顺序), never letting myself ____________ an uplifting idea.
2．My daughter ____________ dance performances and calligraphy when she was a child.
3．The girl ____________ acrobatics; she gives a performance monthly with her colleagues (同事).
4．The children's comedy will be ____________ at the school art festival next Wednesday.
5．I have been studying calligraphy in books and magazines for four years ____________．
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Humour can make one ________ (energy) in his work, study, and life.
2．...I even joined the local fishing club and started attending the ________ (month) meetings.
3．Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major ________ (exhibit) of his work to be held in over forty years.
4．Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most ________ (talent) individuals.
5．Now he hopes that other cities will consider ________ (make) their streets run smarter instead of just making them bigger.
6．The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on time ________ (perform) will be improved.
7．I only learned how ________ (sing) the Alphabet Song that day.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．他被认为是世界上最好的喜剧演员之一。
He ____________________________ one of the greatest comedy actors all over the world.
2．如果你能够让我提前知道你是否要来，我将不胜感激。
I'd appreciate it if you could let me know in advance ________ you will come ________________________________________________________________________.
3．他不是流行歌星，而是古典歌手。
He is ________ a pop star ________ a classical singer.
4．杰克不知道在哪里能找到这么好的指挥。
Jack did not know ________________________ such a good conductor.
Section A Topic Talk
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．opera 2.band 3.costume 4.shade 5.comedy 6.jazz
7．drama 8.atmosphere
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．performance 2.exhibition 3.classic; classical 4.calligrapher
5．talented 6.component 7.monthly 8.uplifting
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．不论，是否 2.古典乐 3.爵士乐 4.书法展 5.舞台设计
1．be into 2.not...but... 3.leave out
4．be considered to be/as... 5.on exhibition
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．①performance ②a ③performer ④give a live performance
2．①exhibition ②on ③being exhibited ④on exhibition ⑤All the exhibits/All of the exhibits
3．①classical ②classic ③classical music
4．①talented ②a ③in ④for ⑤talented ⑥gifted
⑦a talent/gift for
5．①in the shade ②in the shade ③in shadow
④in the shadows
6．①an ②in ③where ④air ⑤atmosphere
7．①monthly ②monthly ③yearly ④weekly
⑤monthly wage
第二版块|重要短语
1．①for ②for; as; to ③in ④as; for; to ⑤is famous for
2．①to be ②to have invented ③be painting
④to have invented ⑤are considered as/to be
3．①out ②alone ③for
第三版块|典型句式
1．①whether ②whether ③whether ④whether
⑤whether ⑥Whether or not we're successful
2．①is ②are ③not; but ④not; but ⑤not only; but also
3．①what ②to settle ③what to do; how to do
④how to make
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．costume 2.shades 3.atmosphere 4.uplifting 5.Drama
6．component 7.opera 8.band 9.classical edies 11.calligraphy
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．leave out 2.was into 3.is talented in 4.on exhibition 5.in my spare time
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．energetic 2.monthly 3.exhibition 4.talented
5．making 6.performance 7.to sing
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．is considered to be 2.whether; or not 3.not; but
4．where to findSection G 单元写作——文化艺术
1．写作任务
假定你是Henry，你的笔友李华的学校正在举行中国剪纸(paper cutting)艺术展，你想去参观。请给李华写一封邮件询问有关情况，内容包括：
(1)展览时间、地点；
(2)展览内容；
(3)注意事项。
注意：(1)词数80左右；
(2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
(3)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Li Hua，
I am writing to ask for information about visiting the Chinese paper cutting art exhibition organised by your school._____________________ __________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
I would appreciate it if you could help me. I'm looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours faithfully，
Henry
2．写作思路(一审、二定、三明确、四分段)
(1)一审：确定写作体裁和主题
体裁：应用文
主题：向笔友询问剪纸艺术展的相关信息
(2)二定：确定时态和人称
时态：一般现在时
人称：第一人称为主，第二人称和第三人称为辅
(3)三明确：①介绍写邮件的目的；
②提出具体问题；
③表达希望
(4)四分段：结合要点分为三个段落。
3．素材整理
(1)关键词语
①exhibition n．展出(会)，展览
They prepared a big exhibition of Dunhuang Art.
他们筹备了一个大型敦煌艺术展览。
He followed Janice to New York, where she was preparing an exhibition.
他跟随贾尼丝到了纽约，她正在那里准备一个展览。
②fond adj.喜爱的；温柔的；慈爱的
I am very fond of Michael.我很喜欢迈克尔。
She gave him a fond smile.
她给了他一个慈爱的微笑。
③currently adv.现时，当前；
current adj.现时的，当前的
All the options are currently available.
所有的选择在当前都是可以的。
It does not mean that there are no risks in the current situation.
这并不意味着当前的形势没有任何风险。
(2)完成句子
①我很喜欢它，对它也很感兴趣。
I am very ________________ it and ________________ as well.
②我想问一下你们艺术展的时间。
I ________________ to ask about the time for your art exhibition.
③我现在和一个学校的朋友在一个画廊工作。
I am ________ working in a gallery with a school friend.
④在过去的几个月里，我们一直在学习中国文化。
__________________________， we have been learning Chinese culture.
⑤你能告诉我这个艺术展将在哪里举行吗？
______________________ where this art exhibition is held
⑥我还想知道你能不能给我提供更多关于如何制作各种剪纸的信息。
______________________________ also give me more information about how to make all kinds of paper cuts.
⑦另外，是否有可能告诉我其他应该注意的事情？
________________， would it be possible to tell me about other things that I should ________________________？
4．整理成文
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．写作练习
假设你是李华，上周你和同学一起去参观了“山东当代艺术展”，一幅名为《台儿庄的春天》的画作给你留下了深刻的印象。请以此为话题，根据以下要点给你美国的笔友Peter用英语写一封邮件，介绍这幅画。
(1)介绍画的作者：一位年轻的艺术家；
(2)该画作的绘画方式与风格：传统中国画风格；
(3)对该画作的理解与感受：描绘古城春天，吸引游客。
注意：(1)词数80左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)；
(2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Peter，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
Section G 单元写作——文化艺术
3．素材整理
(2)①fond of; into it ②would like ③currently
④For the past few months ⑤Could you tell me
⑥I wonder if you could ⑦In addition; pay attention to
4．整理成文
参考范文：
Dear Li Hua，
I am writing to ask for information about visiting the Chinese paper cutting art exhibition organised by your school. I am very fond of it and into it as well.
I would like to ask about the time for your art exhibition. I am currently working in a gallery with a school friend. For the past few months, we have been learning Chinese culture. Could you tell me where this art exhibition is held I wonder if you could also give me more information about how to make all kinds of paper cuts. In addition, would it be possible to tell me about other things that I should pay attention to
I would appreciate it if you could help me. I'm looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours faithfully，
Henry
5．写作练习
参考范文：
Dear Peter，
Last week I went to see Shandong Contemporary Art Show with my classmates. A painting, named Spring in Tai'erzhuang, impressed me a lot. I'd like to introduce it to you.
The lively landscape is painted with watercolours and inks, using soft brushes by a young artist. It is the typical style of traditional Chinese painting.
The painting shows unusual scenery in spring in the north of China. I guess it is aimed to attract more people to visit the old town.
Looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours，
Li HuaSection C Lesson 2 Beijing Opera
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ vt. 掌握，精通 n. 大师；主人
2．____________ adj. 复杂的
3．____________ n. 方面
4．____________ n. 面具
5．____________ n. 小丑
6．____________ n. 图案；花样，式样
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．emotion n．情感→________ adj.情感的，感情的，情绪的
2．acrobatics n．杂技→________ n．杂技演员
3．refer v．提到；谈到→________ n．参考，参照；查阅
4．perform vi.& vt.表演；演出→________ n．表演→________ n．表演者
5．carry v．运送→________ n．马车
6．other adj.另外的→________ adv.否则；要不然
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
A 写出下列短语的汉意
1．introduce...to... ________________
2．main roles ________________
3．common male roles ________________
4．male roles with brightly painted masks
________________
5．causes and effects ________________
6．take note of ________________
7．express emotions ________________
8．complex actions ________________
B 写出下列汉语所对应的英文短语
1．________________ 丑角
2．________________ 中国的国粹
3．________________ 提到
4．________________ 用很高的嗓音唱
5．________________ 学习新东西
第一版块|核心单词
1)perform v．表演；演出；执行；履行；表现；运转 performer n．表演者；演员；表现得……者 performance n．表演；表现)
(教材原句)This is because in the early days, Beijing Opera was usually performed on open air stages.
这是因为在早期，京剧通常在露天舞台上表演。
perform one's duty 履行某人的职责
perform one's promise 履行某人的诺言
perform an experiment/operation 做实验/手术
perform well/badly/poorly 表现得好/不好/差
He is going to perform magic at the party.
他将在聚会上表演魔术。
They held large concerts and performed at clubs.
他们举办大型音乐会，并在俱乐部演出。
He performs the surgical operations at the Red Cross Hospital.
他在红十字会医院做外科手术。
Although she had never been interviewed on TV before, she performed well.尽管她以前从未接受过电视采访，但她表现得很好。
[搭配] give a performance演出
a great/fine performance出色的演出
a good/poor performance好的/糟糕的表现
He is a talented performer．他是一名很有天赋的演员。
She gave the greatest performance of her career.
她做了演艺生涯中最精彩的表演。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①However, studies have shown that when exercise ________ (perform) in groups, it's not only great for improving physical health but for psychological health.
②It was possibly their worst ________ (perform) ever.
③He was a poor ________ (perform) at school and left with no qualifications．
写出句中perform的含义
④The machine performs well.____________
⑤He always performs his duties faithfully.____________
⑥Music was his true passion, though he had never performed outside the family.____________
⑦People perform best when they are doing something they enjoy.____________
2)otherwise adv.否则，要不然；除此之外，在其他方面)
(教材原句)Otherwise, it would have been difficult to attract the audience's attention.否则，很难吸引观众的注意力。
say/think/decide otherwise 并非如此说/认为/决定
or otherwise 或相反，或其反面
You should be more careful, otherwise you might meet with an accident.你应该更加小心，要不然你会出事的。
Only about one in ten places offered him food that would otherwise be discarded.只有大约十分之一的地方给他提供了原本会被丢弃的食物。
She is not very clever, but otherwise she's a nice girl.
她并不是很聪明，但在其他方面，她倒是个好姑娘。
He says it's genuine, but we think otherwise.
他说这是真的，但我们不这样认为。
It was necessary to discover the truth or otherwise of these statements.有必要查证这些说法是真是假。
[说明] otherwise常用于虚拟语气句中，表示否定的条件，即表示与前述内容相反的条件。
She wasn't feeling very well, otherwise she wouldn't have left the meeting so early.她感觉不太舒服，否则她不会这么早就离开会场。
The workers were not better organised, otherwise they would have accomplished the task in half the time.
工人们没有被更好地组织，否则他们用一半的时间就会完成任务。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①You'd better go now, ________ you'll miss the train.
②Seize the chance, ________ you will regret it.
③We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we ________ (visit) more places of interest yesterday.
④We insure against all damage, accidental ________ otherwise.
⑤—Do you have Betty's phone number
—Yes. Otherwise I ________ (not be) able to reach her yesterday.
3)emotion n．情感；强烈的感情；情绪 emotional adj.感情的；情绪的 emotionally adv.感情上地)
(教材原句)EXPRESSING EMOTIONS表达情感
be overcome with emotion 非常激动
lose control of one's emotions 情绪失去控制
hide one's emotions 掩饰某人的情感
a mixture of emotions 百感交集
full of emotion 充满感情
He was too full of emotion to put across his ideas properly.他太激动了，没有把他的意思表达清楚。
Those college years were exciting but also full of pressure and complicated emotions.那些年的大学生活是激动人心的，但也充满了压力和复杂的情绪。
She was so overcome with emotion that she couldn't go on.她激动得说不下去。
He lost control of his emotions at the scene.
看到这一幕，他情绪失去了控制。
(emotion表示“一种情感/感情”时，是可数名词。当泛指“情感”时，是不可数名词)
They offer each other emotional support.
他们相互提供感情上的支持。
[拓展] the emotional state情绪状态
emotional needs情感需求
emotional support情感支柱
They have suffered physically and emotionally．他们遭受了肉体上和感情上的折磨。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Love, joy, hate, fear and grief are all ________ (emotion).
②When I heard the news, I was overcome ________ emotion.
③I try not to become ________ (emotional) involved.
④I hope her ________ (emotion) wound will heal with the passing of time.
⑤We prefer to describe ________ (emotion) intelligence as a specific set of skills.
完成句子
⑥Basing an important decision more on ________________________________ (感情而不是依靠理性), you will regret it sooner or later.
4)aspect n．方面；方位，朝向；外观；外貌)
(教材原句)It seems like so many aspects of Beijing Opera come from ancient traditions.
看来京剧的很多方面都来自古老的传统。
an important aspect 重要方面
diverse aspects 多方面
from every aspect 从各方面来看
all aspects of sth. 某事的方方面面
in every aspect (of sth.)/in all aspects (of sth.)
在(……的)各个方面；全面地
in this/that aspect 在这/那方面
cover all aspects of city life 涵盖城市生活的方方面面
a serious aspect 严肃的面孔
a humorous aspect 幽默的样子
Some aspects of life here are different from those in the United States.这里生活的某些方面与美国不同。
The house has a south facing aspect.这幢房子朝南。
The house's aspect was dark and unattractive.
那幢房子的外观又黑又难看。
The fierce aspect of the salesman frightened the customer off.那个售货员的凶相把顾客吓走了。
[句式拓展] In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of research design
就研究设计而言，这两组在哪个方面不同？
Managers were asked to look at every aspect of their work.经理们被要求审视他们工作的各个方面。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①There are several ________ (aspect) to consider.
②They considered the plan ________ all its aspects.
③She felt she had looked at the problem ________ every aspect.
写出句中aspect的含义
④This is only one aspect of the problem.____________
⑤His brother is a man with a serious aspect.____________
⑥People usually like to live in a house with a sunny aspect.____________
5)master vt.掌握，精通 n．大师；主人；主宰者)
master new skills/techniques 掌握新技能/技术
master the art of... 掌握……的技艺
master a foreign language 掌握一门外语
master one's temper 克制自己的脾气
a master of the short story 短篇小说大师
be a past master at sth./be a past master of sth.
＝be very good at... 是……行家
be one's own master 自己做主；自己当老板
That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it's a shame I don't have much use for it.
那是我唯一掌握的法语短语，可惜我不怎么用得上它。
He is a master of chess.他是下棋大师/名手。
He wants to be the master of his fate.他想成为命运的主人。
[拓展] Master of Arts文学硕士(可略作MA，M.A.)
Master of Science理学硕士(可略作M.SC.)
master of ceremonies司仪
do/take/study for a Master's at a university在大学攻读硕士学位
earn/get one's Master's in...获得……硕士学位
complete/finish one's Master's in...完成……硕士学位
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Fate can be ________ cruel master.
②She is a past master ________ delaying meetings.
③Chaplin is known as the grand master ________ physical comedy.
完成句子
④He plans to ______________________ (攻读硕士学位) at a university after graduation at college.
⑤She will ________________________ (完成化学硕士学位) next year.
⑥Mary __________________________ (获得数学硕士学位) last year.
⑦English is not ____________________________ (难以掌握).
6)complex adj.复杂的 complexity n．复杂性)
The chemical processes involved in the experiment are extremely complex.实验所涉及的化学过程极其复杂。(过去分词短语作后置定语)
It is a complex problem.这是一个复杂的问题。
It is difficult to deal with the complex situation.
处理这种复杂局面很难。
[拓展] complicated adj.复杂的，难懂的
simple adj.简单的→simplicity n．简单
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①As I mentioned earlier, the social laws are ________ (complex) than the natural ones.
完成句子
②The problem is becoming ________________________ (越来越复杂) now.
第二版块|重要短语
1)introduce...to...向……介绍……)
(教材原句)How would you introduce Beijing Opera to someone who doesn't know about it
你会如何向不了解京剧的人介绍京剧？
introduce sth. to/into 把……引到/引入……
introduce sb. to sb. 把某人介绍给某人
introduce sb. to sth./introduce sth. to sb.
使某人初次接触某事物；向某人介绍某事物
You should introduce the usage of this new mobile phone to Grandpa.你应该向爷爷介绍一下这部新手机的用法。
Coffee was introduced into England from the Continent.
咖啡是从欧洲大陆传入英国的。
Jane, let me introduce you to Bob.简，我来把你介绍给鲍勃吧。
[归纳拓展] introduction n．引进；介绍
make an introduction作介绍
He made the introductions at the party.
他在聚会上对大家作了介绍。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He introduced me ________ a Greek girl at the party.
②As you like music, you can introduce some famous singers ________ me.
③Some friends introduced me ________ camping.
④The book is a complete ________ (introduce) to all the best Indian films.
完成句子
⑤It is __________________________ (一个有用的介绍) to an extremely complex subject.
2)refer to提到，谈到，指的是；参考，查阅；涉及，关于 reference n．参考；参考书目；推荐人)
(教材原句)I think you're referring to the fact that performers often sing with very high voices.
我想你指的是表演者经常用很高的嗓音唱(京剧)。
refer...to... 把……介绍给……(以求帮助)；把……交给……(解决)
refer to...as... 将……称为……；认为……是……
for further reference 以供日后参考
make a/no reference to 提及……/没有提及……
in/with reference to 关于
a reference book 工具书，参考书
Don't refer to this matter again, please.
请不要再提这件事了。
The speaker often referred to his notes.
那位演讲者不时地看他的讲稿。
Does your remark refer to all of us
你的评论是针对我们所有人的吗？
We referred the proposal to the board of directors.
我们把这一建议提交给了董事会(处理)。
The children used to refer to that old teacher as Grandpa.
孩子们过去常常称那位老教师为爷爷。
This book is for reference only.
这本书仅供参考。
The author does not give references.
作者没有注明参考文献。
Can we contact your reference
我们可以与你的推荐人联系吗？
[说明] refer的过去式、过去分词均为referred，现在分词为referring。
[比较]
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①English ________ (refer) to as a universal language.
②The dispute was referred ________ the United Nations.
③You should refer this matter ________ the head office for a decision.
④The scientist ________ (refer) to the discovery as the most exciting new development in this field.
⑤However, a pocket dictionary doesn't contain enough entries to be adequate for college ________ (refer) homework.
写出句中refer(...)to的含义
⑥You can refer to a dictionary if necessary.____________
⑦She referred to the subject several times during her speech.____________
⑧If he gives any more trouble, you can refer him to me.____________
第三版块|典型句式
1)主语＋be＋adj.(＋for sb.)＋to do)
(教材原句)All of those are difficult to master!
所有那些都很难掌握！
[句式分析] 此种句型中，
(1)形容词多为表示主语性质、特征的词，如easy, difficult, hard, important, impossible, interesting, pleasant, nice, comfortable, dangerous, cheap, heavy等。
(2)不定式中的动词和句子主语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，但用不定式主动形式表示被动意义。
(3)不定式有时会带上自己的逻辑主语，并用for引出。
若不定式中的动词是不及物动词，其后要加上相应的介词。
The task is difficult for us to finish.
这项任务对我们来说很难完成。
The chair is comfortable to sit in.这把椅子坐上去很舒服。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The work is impossible ________ (finish) overnight.
②The professional lecture was hard for them ________ (understand).
③Small as it is, the house is comfortable to live ________．
完成句子
④Writing the composition in an hour is ________________________ (对我们来说很难完成).
⑤The food his mother made is ________________________ (很好吃).
2)That's why...那就是为什么……)
(教材原句)That's why it's one of China's national treasures.
那就是为什么它是中国的国粹之一。
[句式分析] This/That/It is why...这/那是为什么……(why引导表语从句，后跟结果)
This/That/It is because...这/那是因为……(because引导表语从句，后跟原因)
The reason (why...) is that...(……的)原因是……(why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句)
He was ill. That's why he was sent to the hospital.
他病了。那就是为什么他被送到了医院。
That's why I left so early.
那就是我早早离开的原因。
He was sent to the hospital. That's because he was ill.
他被送到了医院。那是因为他病了。
The reason why he was sent to the hospital is that he was ill.
他被送到医院的原因是他病了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①About seventy one percent of the earth's surface is covered by water. That's________ it looks blue from space.
②Though Jack is only twelve years old, he knows a lot. This is ________ he spends a lot of time reading books.
完成句子
③________________________________ (……的原因) Tom was late for work this morning is that he was caught in traffic.
3)the fact that...(that引导同位语从句))
The attraction of the museum lies in the fact that its collections date from the Middle Ages.
该博物馆的吸引力在于它的收藏品可以追溯到中世纪。
She was good at physics despite the fact that she found it boring.尽管她认为物理枯燥无味，她却学得很好。
[句式分析] (1)后面常跟同位语从句的名词有fact, idea, view, suggestion, news, truth, belief, doubt, proof (证据), order等。
The news that he won first place astonished us.
他获得第一名的消息使我们吃惊。
I have no idea that you have left the company.
我不知道你已经离开公司了。
(2)在have no idea that/wh ...句式中，that和wh 引导同位语从句，意为“不清楚……，不知道……”，相当于don't know that/wh ...。
I have no idea what we can do about the exhibition.
我不知道关于这个展览会我们能做什么。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I was amazed at the fact ________ a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor.
②I have no idea ________ the cellphone isn't working, so can you fix it for me
③I have no idea ________ they've gone.
完成句子
④________________________________ (我不知道) your husband was opposed to my visit.
⑤________________________________ (我们必须承认这个事实) we can't get good grades if we don't study hard.
4)wish后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气)
(教材原句)I wish I knew more about them.
要是我多了解它们一些就好了。
[句式分析] 本句中wish后接省略了连接词that的宾语从句，wish表“希望”，宾语从句使用了虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反的情况，从句谓语用过去式。
[归纳拓展] wish后接宾语从句，可以表示不能或难以实现的愿望。此时根据从句中动作发生的时间我们可以将其分为以下几种情况：
(1)表示与现在事实相反的情况时，从句谓语用过去式(be多用were)。
I wish my parents were in favour of my decision.
要是父母同意我的决定就好了。
(2)表示与将来事实相反的情况时，从句谓语用“could/would/should/might＋动词原形”。
I wish I could pay off my debts in a week.
我真希望一周后能还清债务。
(3)表示与过去事实相反的情况时，从句谓语用“could/would/should/might＋have done”或had done。
I wish I had made an apology to Mary.
我真希望我已经向玛丽道过歉了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He is right, but I can't help wishing they ________ (will keep) those old ferries.
②There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I ________ (have) a second chance to become more involved.
③It's rare to hear someone say, “I wish that speaker ________ (speak) longer.”
④Helen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I ________ (dance) as well as her.
完成句子
⑤我真羡慕简，她要去旧金山待几天。我希望我能和她一起去。
I really envy Jane who is going to San Francisco for a couple of days. I wish I ________________________ her.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The boss was not pleased with the ________ (图案) of his own products in the advertisement.
2．By the time they graduate, they will have known how to perform; ________(否则) they can't graduate with their bachelor's degrees(学士学位).
3．I don't know all these ________(复杂的) scores in the music book.
4．The decision was based on ________ (情感) rather than reason.
5．She was the victim of her circumstances rather than the ________ (主人) of her fate.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Quite ________ few things give rise to the traffic problem.
2．Last year it recovered more than 807，500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would ________ (rot) in fields.
3．They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital ________ (aspect) of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.
4．Wang Shu, a 49 year old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize—which is often referred to ________ the Nobel Prize in architecture—on February 28.
5．However, boys tended to play with ________ (complex) puzzles than girls...
6．In fact, anyone wishing ________ (try) race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says.
7．Eco fashion is a complex phenomenon and the common use of the term covers two ________ (aspect) of fashion.
8．Some scientists declare that most of our fatigue (疲劳) comes from our mental and ________ (emotion) attitudes.
9．The task is hard because it has to involve ________ (master) a new language in a new way．
10．The article made no ________ (refer) to previous research on the subject.
11．The orchestra will be at the Festival Hall tonight, ________ (perform) a selection of works by Russian composers.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．谢谢你的指引，否则我们不可能找到这栋房子。
Thanks for your directions to the house; ________ we ________________________ it.
2．我希望将来有更多的公司能解决这个问题。
I wish more companies ______________________ in the future.
3．在某些方面，英式英语和美式英语是一样的。
________________________， British English is the same as American English.
4．在其自传中，她提及了她令人振奋的学生时代。
In her autobiography she ____________________ her uplifting schooldays.
5．她总是称那位女士为“那个大好人”。
She always ________________________ that madam ________ “that nice woman”．
Section C Lesson 2 Beijing Opera
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．master 2.complex 3.aspect 4.mask 5.clown 6.pattern
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．emotional 2.acrobat 3.reference
4．performance; performer 5.carriage
6．otherwise
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．向……介绍…… 2.主要角色 3.常见的男性角色
4．画着鲜艳脸谱的男性角色 5.因果 6.注意
7．表达情感 8.复杂的动作
1．clown roles 2.China's national treasures 3.refer to
4．sing with/in very high voices 5.learn something new
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．①is performed ②performance ③performer ④运转
⑤履行 ⑥表演 ⑦表现
2．①otherwise ②otherwise ③would have visited ④or ⑤wouldn't have been
3．①emotions ②with ③emotionally ④emotional
⑤emotional ⑥emotion than on reason
4．①aspects ②in ③from ④方面 ⑤外貌 ⑥朝向
5．①a ②at/of ③of ④study for a Master's
⑤complete/finish her Master's in chemistry
⑥earned/got her Master's in mathematics
⑦difficult/hard to master
6．①more complex ②more and more complex
第二版块|重要短语
1．①to ②to ③to ④introduction ⑤a useful introduction
2．①is referred ②to ③to ④referred ⑤reference
⑥查阅 ⑦提到 ⑧把……交给……(解决)
第三版块|典型句式
1．①to finish ②to understand ③in
④difficult for us to finish ⑤nice to eat
2．①why ②because ③The reason why
3．①that ②why ③where ④I had no idea that
⑤We must admit the fact that
4．①would keep ②had ③had spoken ④danced
⑤could go with
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．patterns 2.otherwise 3.complex 4.emotion 5.master
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．a 2.have rotted 3.aspects 4.as 5.more complex
6．to try 7.aspects 8.emotional 9.mastering
10．reference 11.performing
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．otherwise; wouldn't have found
2．would figure this problem out
3．In some aspects
4．referred to 5.refers to; asSection F 单元语法专项(1)——名词性从句
名词性从句的分类与功能：
名词性从句 在句中作主语 在句中作宾语 在句中作表语 在句中作同位语
主语从句 √
宾语从句 √
表语从句 √
同位语从句 √
一、主语从句◎
1．主语从句的引导词
连接词 that, whether, if
连接代词 what, which, who, whom, whose, whatever whichever, whoever, whomever
连接副词 when, where, why, how
2.具体用法
(1)that引导主语从句
that只起连接作用，本身无意义，不作成分，不能省略。
·That the man was occupied with his work all day long made his wife annoyed.
这个男人整日忙于工作，这让他的妻子很恼火。
(2)whether与if(是否)引导主语从句
主语从句 句中位置 是否可以用it作形式主语 引导词是否作成分
whether引导 句首、句末 可以用 不作成分，只起连接作用
if引导 句末 必须用 不作成分，只起连接作用
·Whether he witnessed the accident was not certain.
＝It was not certain whether/if he witnessed the accident.不确定他是否目睹了这起事故。
(3)连接副词引导主语从句
主语从句 句中位置 是否可以用it作形式主语 引导词在从句中所作成分
when引导 句首、句末 可以用 时间状语
where引导 句首、句末 可以用 地点状语
why引导 句首、句末 可以用 原因状语
how引导 句首、句末 可以用 方式状语
·When we'll set off for home hasn't been decided yet.我们何时动身回家还没决定。
·Where I'll have my dinner depends on the money in my pocket.
在哪里就餐取决于我口袋里的钱。
·Why they got divorced was still unknown.
他们离婚的原因仍然不明。
·How he overcame the hardship is known to all.
大家都知道他是如何战胜艰难困苦的。
·It is not known how they settle in life at college.
不知道他们是如何适应大学生活的。
(4)连接代词what, which引导主语从句的区别：
Which of the applicants will get the manager's job is still unknown now.
现在还不知道哪位申请人会获得经理的职位。
【误区警示】
what引导的主语从句放在句首，主句中谓语动词的单复数取决于what所指代的事物。
What we need is a shared bike．
我们需要的是一辆共享单车。
What we need are lectures on modern French literature.我们需要的是现代法国文学的讲座。
(5)连接代词who, whom, whose引导主语从句时，在从句中起代词的作用，可作主语、表语、宾语或定语。
·Who will give an example to illustrate the point is determined.已经决定由谁来举例说明这一点了。
(6)whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句。
·Whoever works hard today should live with comfort tomorrow.(主语从句)
今天谁努力工作，明天谁生活舒适。
·Whoever they are, I don't want to see them.
(让步状语从句)不管他们是谁，我都不想见。
【学法点拨】
用it作形式主语的常用句型：
①It＋be＋动词的过去分词＋从句．
②It＋be＋名词＋从句．
③It＋be＋形容词＋从句．
二、宾语从句◎
1．宾语从句的位置
·We know that greenhouse gases can affect the climate.我们知道温室气体会对气候产生影响。
·I find the best way to concentrate in class is to make notes on what the teachers are saying.
我认为上课集中注意力的最好办法就是把老师讲的内容记下来。
·I'm not certain whether/if he is still occupied with his essay.我不确定他是否仍在忙着写文章。
【学法点拨】
①个别介词如but, except, in等，后面接that引导的宾语从句已成为习惯搭配，如but that(若不是……)，except that(除了……)，in that(在于；因为)。
The two essays are similar in that they have the same topic.
这两篇文章相似，因为它们话题相同。
②形容词后跟宾语从句的用法只限于少数形容词，如sure(确信)，certain(肯定)，afraid(担心)，confident(有把握的)等。
2．宾语从句的引导词
宾语从句的引导词与主语从句的引导词相同。
(1)that引导宾语从句时常被省略。一般来说，当多个并列宾语从句出现时，第一个that可以省略，其他的不能省略。
·She said (that) they communicated with each other by means of the Internet.
她说他们通过互联网联系。
·She said (that) she would go hiking and that she was also willing to give us a lecture on geographical knowledge.
她说她将去远足并且也很乐意给我们做一场有关地理知识的讲座。
(2)引导宾语从句的whether和if表示“是否”的含义。
·I wonder whether/if he'll contradict me.
我想知道他是否会反驳我。
【学法点拨】
下列情况要用whether，不用if：
a．直接与or not连用
We don't know whether or not Tom will fit in with the new routine.
我们不知道汤姆是否会适应新的常规事务。
b．介词之后
Everything depends on whether you can adapt to it.
一切都取决于你是否能够适应它。
c．不定式之前
I don't know whether to help him.
我不知道是否该帮助他。
(3)连接副词when, where, why, how引导宾语从句，连接词在从句中作状语。
·We haven't decided when we'll go hiking.
我们还未决定何时去远足。
·Mr Li wanted to know why I objected to his proposal.李先生想知道我为什么反对他的提议。
·Nobody knew how she quickly grasped what the article was about.
没有人知道她是如何很快就掌握文章大意的。
(4)连接代词what, which, who, whom, whose引导宾语从句时，在从句中起代词的作用，可在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
·I don't know who will accompany you to the concert tonight.
我不知道今晚谁将陪你去音乐会。
·Do you know whose luggage it is
你知道这是谁的行李吗？
【误区警示】
①it作形式宾语。
find/feel/think/consider/make等＋it＋adj./n.(宾语补足语) ＋that从句
We think it possible that you can finish the essay today.我们认为你今天有可能会完成这篇论文。
②表示喜欢、憎恶等心理活动的动词(词组)＋it＋宾语从句。
I hate it when he calls me at work.
我不喜欢他在上班时给我打电话。
③“doubt＋宾语从句”的应用。
肯定句中用whether或if，否定句或疑问句中用that。
I doubt whether he can keep it up.
我怀疑他是否能坚持下去。
I don't doubt that he can keep it up.
我不怀疑他能坚持下去。
Do you doubt that he can keep it up
你怀疑他能坚持下去吗？
三、表语从句◎
1．结构
主语＋连系动词be/look/remain/seem等＋表语从句
·The reason why he failed is that he didn't make good preparations for the exam.
他不及格的原因是他没有好好准备这次考试。
·The question remains whether we can win the majority of the teachers and the students.
问题是我们能否赢得大多数师生的支持。
2．表语从句的引导词
表语从句的引导词与主语从句和宾语从句的引导词基本相同，但是if不能引导表语从句。
(1)连接词that，whether引导表语从句，连接词在从句中不作句子成分，一般不能省略。
·The truth is that he took that smartphone by mistake.真相是他误拿了那部智能手机。
·The question is whether we should recommend the goods to the shopkeeper.
问题是我们是否应该向店主推荐这些货物。
(2)连接副词when，where，why，how引导表语从句，连接词在从句中作状语。
·Without his support, we wouldn't be where we are now.没有他的支持，我们就不会取得现在的成就。
·That was how Peter got his bachelor's degree.彼得就是那样获得学士学位的。
(3)连接代词what，which，who，whom，whose引导表语从句，连接词在从句中可作主语、表语、宾语或定语。
·That's what we want to buy.
那就是我们想要购买的。
·The problem is whose essay the tutor likes.
问题是导师喜欢谁的论文。
(4)有时because，as if，as though也可以引导表语从句。
·It looks as if you have made full preparations for the final exam.
看起来你已经为期末考试做了充分的准备。
【误区警示】
The reason for his absence from the seminar is that he was ill.他缺席这次研讨会的原因是他病了。
②One's advice/suggestion(建议)/order/request/requirement is that＋主语(＋should)＋动词原形＋其他．(虚拟语气)
My suggestion is that Tom (should) take several optional courses.
我建议汤姆上几门选修课。
3．注意事项
下面我们用三组例句进行归类，每组例句都分别包含一个主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句。
①that引导的名词性从句
·That our team had won the match made us excited.(主语从句)
·The headmaster said that our team had won the match.(宾语从句)
·The fact was that our team had won the match.(表语从句)
②wh word, how引导的名词性从句
·Who will attend the meeting has not been decided.(主语从句)
·No one knows who will attend the meeting.(宾语从句)
·My question is who will attend the meeting.(表语从句)
③whether引导的名词性从句
·Whether she will agree with me doesn't matter too much.(主语从句)
·I wonder whether she will agree with me.(宾语从句)
·What I want to know is whether she will agree with me.(表语从句)
(2)what充当复合连接代词
需要特别注意的是，what有时候带有疑问的意思，有时候没有疑问的意思。
·I don't know what I should do next.
我不知道下一步该做什么。(what在句中是连接代词，本身带有疑问的意思)
·I finally understand what you said.
我终于明白你说的话了。(what在句中是复合连接代词，相当于the words that。也就是说，what充当复合连接代词时，身兼两职，它既是先行词，又是关系代词，此时what没有疑问的意思)
以下是what充当复合连接代词的例句：
·What we need is a draft.
我们所需要的就是一个草案。
·The adventurer got what he wanted.
冒险家得到了他想要的(东西)。
·That is what I heard on the minibus.
那就是我在小型公共汽车上听到的。
·What appears difficult may be very easy.
看起来很难的事情也许很容易。
那么如何区别what是表疑问的“连接代词”，还是不含疑问的“复合连接代词”呢？这里有规律可循：一般说来，what引导的句子如果与表示“疑问、询问、怀疑、质疑、好奇、不知道、想知道、不清楚、不明白、不理解、不确定、悬而未决”等意义的动词连用，那么what往往就是前者，反之则是后者。
[试比较]
·What we will do hasn't been discussed.
我们将要做什么还没有讨论。(what是表疑问的连接代词)
·What we will do is of great importance.
我们将要做的事情是非常重要的。(what是不含疑问的复合连接代词)
四、同位语从句◎
1．同位语定义
同位语是句子成分的一种。它位于名词或代词后，说明它们的性质或状况。同位语可以由名词(短语)、代词、数词或从句充当。
·We teachers are bound to undertake this task.
(名词作同位语)
我们老师注定要承担这项任务。
·Mr Black, my friend, is glad to team up with us.(名词短语作同位语)
我的朋友布莱克先生很乐意与我们合作。
·They each objected to the plan.(代词作同位语)
他们每个人都反对这项计划。
·You may hire us two to carry your luggage.(数词作同位语)
你可以雇我们两个给你拿行李。
2．同位语从句
定义 在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某个抽象名词后面
常用名词 fact, news, hope, truth, idea, suggestion, thought，question, promise, order, problem, belief, word (消息), message, information, proof, announcement, desire, doubt, answer, evidence, proposal, advice, possibility, statement等
引导词 that, whether, who, what, which, how, when, where, why等
(1)that引导同位语从句
that不作成分，也没有词义，但是不能省略。
·Here came the news that the scientists had made a major breakthrough in cloning.
传来了科学家在克隆方面取得了重大突破的消息。
·I have no idea that you have applied for the post.
我不知道你已经申请了这个职位。
(2)whether引导同位语从句
whether意为“是否”，仅起引导作用，在句中不作成分。
·There is some doubt whether John will resist regulations.有人怀疑约翰是否会抵制规则。
·The question whether it needs reforming will be discussed at the meeting.
它是否需要改革这个问题将在会议上被讨论。
(3)连接代词who, what, which等引导同位语从句时，在从句中常作主语、宾语或表语；连接副词when, where, why, how等引导同位语从句时，常在从句中作状语。
·The question who should do the work requires reasonable consideration.
谁该做这项工作的问题需要合理考虑。
·I have no idea what the procedure for applying for a visa is.我不知道申请签证的程序是什么。
·My initial question, why she did that, has not been answered.
她为什么做那件事，我最初的这个问题还没有得到回答。
·I have no idea how they were able to get it done in so short a time.
我不知道他们是如何在这么短的时间里完成它的。
【学法点拨】
同位语从句在句子中一般紧跟在名词之后，但也可以被主句的其他成分隔开，称为分隔式同位语从句。
He got the news from Mary that Mr Roger retired last week.
他从玛丽那里得到消息，罗杰先生上周退休了。
3．同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1)从句引导词that的用法不同
·The twins told me the news that our team had won the match.这对双胞胎告诉了我我们队赢得了比赛的这个消息。(同位语从句)
·The twins told me the news that/which was very exciting.这对双胞胎告诉了我这个非常激动人心的消息。(定语从句)
(2)从句的作用不同
同位语从句 名词性的 对名词进行解释说明
定语从句 形容词性的 对先行词加以修饰、限定或补充说明，不涉及它的具体内容
·The news that the Italian will go abroad next year was told by him.
这个意大利人明年要出国的消息是他说的。
(that the Italian will go abroad next year是the news的同位语，解释说明the news的具体内容)
·The news that he told me is that the Italian will go abroad next year.
他告诉我的消息是这个意大利人明年要出国。(that he told me是定语从句，对the news进行修饰和限定，并未涉及the news的具体内容)
【学法点拨】
同位语从句与其所修饰的名词是一种同位关系，二者存在逻辑上的系表关系，还可用“主＋系＋表”结构来表示。
The news that Daniel received a punishment is true.
丹尼尔受到处罚的那个消息是真的。
The news is that Daniel received a punishment.
消息是丹尼尔受到了处罚。
(3)从句前的词类不同
同位语从句 只能跟在抽象名词如fact, idea, opinion, conclusion等的后面
定语从句 先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或是整个主句
The news spread that Tom had won first prize.
汤姆得了一等奖的消息传开了。(同位语从句)
Tom won first prize, which surprised me.
汤姆得了一等奖，这让我很惊讶。(定语从句，先行词是整个主句)
即学即练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空——用恰当的引导词填空
1．The opinion ________ learning is a lifelong process has been expressed by remarkable education experts.
2．I have a very strong fear ________ the lie we're telling is doing mental damage to our children.
3．The news ________ he has been elected president of the committee is true.
4．Further evidence has been found ________ children's early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.
5．I am very interested in ________ he improved his performance in such a short time.
6．________ we need is more patience and determination.
7．Jane marched down the tree lined street, not knowing ________ she was heading.
8．________ we understand things mentally has a lot to do with what we feel.
9．We must find out ________ the composer is coming, so that we can book a room for him beforehand.
10．There is no doubt ________ such a campus opera will be very popular with college students.
11．This is ________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and struggle for the best.
12．The student decided to hold a contest to make come true ________ Professor Joseph had said.
13．Scientists have obtained striking evidence ________ plastic is finding its way into the human body.
14．Every year, ________ makes the most admirable kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
15．________ it turns out to be a good performance or a bad one, we'll find out.
16．Tom seems not to have grasped ________ the composer has taught, ________ greatly upsets him.
17．The reason that the sculptor gave for his coming late is ________ his car broke down halfway.
18．We are not sure ________ we still want to proceed with the sale.
19．The most uplifting thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.
20．Father made a generous promise ________ if I passed the examination he would buy me a bike.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．It's not certain ________________________________________ (哪支队伍会赢得这场比赛).
2．The reason why he was late was __________________________________ (他遇上了大雨).
3．The notice came around two in the afternoon _____________________________ (会议要延期).
4．________________________________________ (情况往往是这样) anything is possible for those who are of great wisdom.
5．________________________________________ (是否……还有待观察) the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice.
Section F 单元语法专项(1)——名词性从句
Ⅰ.单句语法填空——用恰当的引导词填空
1．that 2.that 3.that 4.that 5.how 6.What 7.where
8．How 9.when 10.that 11.what 12.what 13.that 14.whoever 15.Whether 16.what; which 17.that
18．whether/if 19.that 20.that
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．which team will win the game
2．that he was caught in a heavy rain
3．that the meeting would be postponed
4．It is often the case that
5．It remains to be seen whetherSection B Lesson 1 Masterpieces
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ n. 人像，人形；数字
2．____________ vt. 影响
3．____________ n. (圆)点；斑点；污渍 vt. 找到，发现
4．____________ n. 尖叫，尖叫声 vi. & vt. 高声喊出
5．____________ vt. 导致，引起；使发生 n. 原因；事业
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．star n．星星vt.主演→________ adj.布满星星的
2．mental adj.精神的→________ adv.精神上；心理上
3．mass n．大量；许多→________ adj.巨大的
4．fail v．失败→________ n．失败的事；失败
5．strike v．给……以(深刻)印象→________ adj.惊人的；显著的
6．view v．观看→________ n．观看者
7．burn v．燃烧→________ adj.燃烧着的
8．mystery n．神秘；不可思议→________ adj.神秘的；难以解释的
9．visual adj.视觉的，视力的→________ adv.外表上；直观地
10．react v．反应→________ n．反应
11．master＋piece→________ n．杰作；代表作
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
A 写出下列短语的汉意
1．lead sb. to do sth. ________________
2．sense of sight ________________
3．in one's lifetime ________________
4．with an expression of fear ________________
5．let out a scream ________________
6．a mysterious scene ________________
7．a visual experiment ________________
8．different reactions ________________
9．as for ________________
10．sort...into ________________
11．hold an exhibition ________________
12．at high speed ________________
13．in black ink ________________
14．in a creative way ________________
15．be painted with ________________
B 写出下列汉语所对应的英文短语
1．________________ 被设置在……；背景是……
2．________________ 与……有联系；与……连接
3．________________ 心理健康问题
4．________________ 一系列的；一连串的
5．________________ 被……包围
6．________________ 有共同之处
7．________________ 共同的特点/特征
8．________________ 你对……有何看法？
9．________________ 发展……的传统
10．________________ 把……与……结合起来
11．________________ 用脑/手
Ⅰ.课文思维导图
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1. What can't be found in Van Gogh's The Starry Night
A．Clouds. B．Circles. C．Stars. D．Bridges.
2．According to the experts, what leads to Van Gogh's unusual use of colour
A．His sense of sight. B．Drugs.
C．His unusual talent. D．His life experience.
3．In Edvard Munch's opinion，what was the inspiration for him to create The Scream
A.A shocking disaster.
B．One journey with his friends.
C．His mental health problems.
D．The beautiful scene in the country.
4．Which of the following words can't be used to describe The Empire of Light when people enjoy it
A.Dark. B．Troubling.
C．Convincing. D．Calming.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
The Starry Night was painted by Van Gogh when he was 1.________ (mental) ill. He painted clouds, stars, a moon as well as the 2.________ (mass) circles of white and yellow 3.________ (race) across the sky. The Starry Night is now one of the world's most famous 4.________ (painting).
What makes The Scream striking is that it shows a thin figure 5.________ an expression of fear. The figure 6.________ (set) on a bridge above a dark, 7.________ (storm) sea, and against a burning orange red sky. Many experts say the painting is connected to Munch's mental health problems, 8.________ caused him a lot of pain.
The Empire of Light is among a series of paintings by René Magritte. It shows a house 9.________ (light) by lights from inside, 10.________ (surround) by the darkness of night. Viewers have different reactions towards the paintings.
[词汇注释]
①starry/'stɑ ri/adj.布满星星的
②mentally/'ment li/adv.精神上；心理上
physical and mental
身体和精神上的
③massive/'m s v/adj.
巨大的(＝very large)
④beneath/b 'ni θ/prep.
& adv.在……(正)下方
⑤lead sb. to do sth.
引导某人做某事
⑥affect/ 'fekt/vt.影响
may have affected可能已经影响了(“情态动词＋完成时”表示对过去事情的推测)
⑦sense of sight视觉
⑧drug n．药物，药材
⑨spot/sp t/n.(圆)点；斑点；污渍
⑩failure/'fe lj /n.失败的事；失败
failure原为不可数名词，这里用作可数名词，是抽象名词具体化的用法，表示“失败的人(或事物)”。
scream/skri m/n.尖叫，尖叫声vi. & vt.高声喊出
striking/'stra k /adj.惊人的；显著的
with an expression of fear带着恐惧的表情
let out a scream发出尖叫声
let out发出(声音)；放出(气体等)；泄露；出租
viewer/'vju /n.观看者
be set on/in/against
被设置在……；背景是……
burning/'b n /adj.燃烧着的
be connected to与……有联系，与……有关联；与……连接
cause/k z/vt.导致，引起；使发生n．原因；事业
cause sb. a lot of pain给某人带来巨大痛苦
cause sb. to do sth.使某人做某事
empire/'empa /n.
帝国；大企业
a series of一系列的；一连串的
scene/si n/n.景色
(be) surrounded by
被……包围
mysterious/m 'st ri s/adj.神秘的；难以解释的
visual/'v u l/adj.视觉的，视力的
reaction/ri' k n/n.反应
reaction to对……的反应
as for关于，至于
as for sb./sth.就某人/某物而言，至于某人/某物
[教材原文]
The Starry① Night was painted in June 1889 when Vincent van Gogh was staying at a home for the mentally② ill. Van Gogh painted what he saw from his window—the night sky with clouds, stars and a moon. However, he didn't just paint the clouds. He also painted the massive③ circles of white and yellow racing across the sky. The stars and the moon hang bright in the night sky. Beneath④ this amazing sky, we see a sleeping village and a dark, lonely tree.
His unusual use of colour has led experts to⑤ think that Van Gogh's mental illness may have affected⑥ his sense of sight⑦. He also took a drug⑧ that can make people see yellow spots⑨， just like the stars in The Starry Night.
Unfortunately, Van Gogh's unique paintings weren't very popular and he only sold one painting in his lifetime. He also thought The Starry Night was a failure⑩. However,__the__fact__remains__that__The__Starry__Night__is__now__one__of__the__world's__most__famous__paintings 【1】．
【1】句中that引导同位语从句，解释说明the fact的具体内容，remain是不及物动词。此句中，从句较长，为保持句子平衡，将从句置于谓语动词之后。
The Scream was painted by Edvard Munch in 1893. What__makes__it__striking __is__that__it__shows__a__thin__figure__with__an__expression__of __fear 【2】—the figure's mouth is wide open and letting out a powerful scream . The figure covers his or her ears and looks directly at the viewer . This figure is set on a bridge above a dark, stormy sea, and against a burning orange red sky.
【2】句中What引导主语从句；that引导表语从句
In his diary, Munch talked about what inspired him. “I was walking down the road with two friends when the sun set; suddenly the sky turned as red as blood...I stood there shaking. Then I heard the scream of nature.”
Many experts say that The Scream is connected to Munch's mental health problems, which caused him a lot of pain.
The Empire of Light is among a series of paintings by Belgian artist Ren? Magritte between 1953 and 1954. He painted the same scene 27 times. It shows a beautiful house lit by lights from inside, surrounded by the darkness of night. What is strange is that above the house and the tree, we see a daytime sky full of brightness and soft white clouds. It seems like quite a mysterious scene.
Magritte was a painter inspired by his thoughts and ideas. His paintings were visual experiments as he tried to play with reality. His view was that art should shock the viewers and challenge their sense of reality.
The Empire of Light has produced different reactions in viewers. Some feel that the paintings look dark and troubling. Others, however, find them calming. As for Magritte himself, he thought that the change between day and night in the paintings was surprising. “I call this power: poetry，” he said.
[汉语译文]
《星(starry)空》是文森特·凡·高(Vincent van Gogh)于1889年6月在一家精神(mentally)病院里创作的。凡·高画了他看到的窗外景象——有云、星星和月亮的夜空。然而，除了云之外，他还在天空中画了相互追逐的、巨大的(massive)白色和黄色光圈。星星和月亮在夜空中熠熠生辉。在这片令人惊叹的夜空下(beneath)，我们看到了一个沉睡的村庄和一棵黑暗、孤独的树。
凡·高对色彩的运用很不寻常，这使专家们认为精神疾病可能影响(affect)了他的视力。他还服用过一种药物，可以让人看到黄色斑点(spot)，就像《星空》中的星星那样。
不幸的是，凡·高独特的画作在当时并不是很受欢迎，他在有生之年只卖出了一幅画。他还认为《星空》是一幅失败(failure)的作品，而现在事实是《星空》是世界上最著名的画作之一。
《呐喊(scream)》是爱德华·蒙克(Edvard Munch)于1893年创作的。这幅画富有冲击力(striking惊人的)，画中有一个表情恐惧的瘦弱身影——嘴巴大张，正发出强烈的尖叫声(let out a scream)。这个人捂住了自己的耳朵，直直地看向观看者(viewer)。人物被设置在一座桥上，桥下是漆黑的、波涛汹涌的海面，背景是燃烧的(burning)橙红色天空。
蒙克在他的日记中谈到了灵感的来源，“太阳落山时，我和两个朋友一起走在路上；天空突然变得像血一样红……我站在那里颤抖着，然后听到了大自然的尖叫声。”
许多专家说，《呐喊》与给蒙克带来(cause)巨大痛苦的心理健康问题有关。
《灯之王国(empire)》是比利时画家勒内·马格利特(René Magritte)的一系列绘画作品之一。1953年至1954年间，同样的场景(scene)他画了27次。画中有一座美丽的房子，房子里灯光明亮，外面被夜晚的黑暗包围。奇怪的是，在房子和树木之上，我们看到明亮的天空和柔软的白云。这个场景看起来非常神秘(mysterious)。
马格利特的灵感来自个人思想和想法的启发。他尝试戏谑现实，他的画作是一个个视觉(visual)实验。他认为艺术应该震撼观众并挑战他们对现实的观感。
观众对《灯之王国》的反应(reaction)不同。有些人觉得这些画看起来很黑暗，令人不安。而有些人则觉得这些画让人感到平静。马格利特本人则认为画作中白天和黑夜之间的变化令人惊讶。他说：“我称之为诗意的力量。”
第一版块|核心单词
1)figure n．人像，人形；人物；身材；数字；图形 vt.计算；认为)
(教材原句)a thin figure一个瘦弱的身影
have a good figure 有一个好身材
keep one's figure 保持身材
watch one's figure 注意保持身材
a figure in black 一个黑衣人影
a leading/key figure 领军/关键人物
a five sided figure 五边形
a geometric figure 几何图形
unemployment/sales/trade figures 失业/销售/贸易数字(据)
figure out 计算出；弄清楚，弄明白
I figure (that)... 我认为……
In the moonlight, I saw a figure standing in the shadows.
月光下，我看见阴暗处站着一个人。
He sat down at his desk to work out the exact figures.
他在办公桌前坐下来计算出确切的数字。
How does she manage to keep her figure when she eats so much？她吃得这么多，是怎样保持身材的？
I drew geometric figures under the guidance of my maths teacher.在数学老师的指导下，我画了几何图形。
It didn't take the children long to figure out the correct answer.
孩子们没有花很长时间就算出了正确的答案。
They figured (that) it was better to stay where they were.
他们认为最好还是待在原地不动。
[语境助记] I didn't really mean my friend is a little sheep; it was just a figure of speech.我并非真的说我的朋友是只小绵羊，这不过是种形象化的说法。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The passage has many ________ (figure) to help explain the conclusion.
②We ________ (figure) that he would arrive at around two o'clock.
③It is difficult to figure ________ a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been poorly studied.
写出句中figure的词性及词义
④He is an important political figure in the Chinese history.________
⑤The figure of the books on show is 108.________
⑥I figure that what we can do is wait.________
⑦She does exercise every morning to keep her figure.________
完成句子
⑧—I wonder how Mary has ________________ (保持身材) after all these years.
—By working out every day.
2)beneath prep.在……(正)下方；被……覆盖；低于；配不上，不值得 adv.在下方；在底下)
(教材原句)Beneath this amazing sky, we see a sleeping village and a dark, lonely tree.在这片令人惊叹的夜空下，我们看到了一个沉睡的村庄和一棵黑暗、孤独的树。
beneath the surface of the earth 在地表之下
disappear beneath the waves 消失在波涛中
live beneath the same roof 住在同一幢房子里
the warm sand beneath her feet 她脚下温暖的沙子
look at the river beneath 看着下面的河
beneath the weight of 在……的重压下
We looked down from the mountain to the valley beneath.
我们从山上看下面的山谷。
[比较] beneath/below/under
这些词均可表示“在……下面”。
·beneath书面用词，指“在……之下”，其反义词是on；
·below指位置低于某物或在某物下方，但不一定在正下方，所指范围较宽；
·under普通用词，与over相对，指在某物的正下方，含“垂直在下”的意思。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Jack hid the letter ________ a pile of papers.
②She looked out of the window at the children playing ________．
写出句中beneath的词性及词义
③On a shelf beneath he spotted a photo album.________
④They found the ball buried beneath a pile of leaves.________
⑤To my surprise, the tofu beneath the fried skin was warm, soft, and mouth watering.________
3)affect vt.影响；感动；(疾病)侵袭，使感染)
affect one's health/life/decision 影响某人的健康/生活/决定
the areas affected by the hurricane 受飓风影响的地区
a disease that affects older people 侵扰老年人的疾病
be (deeply) affected by... 被……(深深)打动
affected area 被感染/受影响的地区
These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.这些行为极大地影响了生态平衡。
She was deeply affected by the sad story.
她被那个悲伤的故事深深地打动了。
The affected skin turns red and may blister.
受感染的皮肤会变红，还有可能起水疱。
[比较] affect/effect/influence
·affect vt.指影响大，着重动作，有时指不利影响；
Late payment may affect your credit.
逾期还款可能会影响你的信誉。
·effect n. & vt.用作名词，指“影响，结果”。用作动词，指“引起，使发生”；
Playing computer games too much has a bad effect on him.玩太多电脑游戏对他有不好的影响。
·influence n. & vt.指潜移默化的影响。
His writings have influenced the lives of millions of people.他的著作影响了数百万人的生活。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The period of transition is always difficult for those ________ (affect).
②Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing ________ (affect) performance.
③Wherever human light spills into the natural world, some aspect of life ________ (affect).
选词填空：affect/effect/influence
④Her opinion will not ________ my decision.
⑤Medicines sometimes have unpleasant side ________．
⑥Newspapers ________ the current of thought.
完成句子
⑦The students ________________ (被……打动) the soldier's heroic deeds.
4)failure n．失败的事/人；失败；不及格；未做；衰竭；故障)
(教材原句)He also thought The Starry Night was a failure.
他还认为《星空》是一幅失败的作品。
end in failure 以失败告终
heart/kidney failure 心力衰竭/肾衰竭
learn through failure 从失败中学习
power failure 停电，断电
consider oneself a failure 认为自己是个失败者
admit/accept failure 承认/接受失败
fail vi. 失败；没做成某事；衰退
vt. 辜负；不及格，评定不及格
The marriage was a failure and they both wanted to be free of it.这是段失败的婚姻，他们俩都想从中解放出来。
Failure is the mother of success.
失败是成功之母。(谚)
He never fails to write to his mother every week.
他每周都给母亲写信。
I passed history but failed chemistry.
我通过了历史考试，但化学不及格。
[说明] failure作“失败”讲时，为抽象名词，用作不可数名词，但作“失败的人或事”讲时，用作可数名词，这种用法叫作抽象名词具体化。
The failure of the bank caused a panic in the town.
这家银行的破产在城区引起了恐慌。
As a writer, he was a complete failure．
作为作家，他是个完全失败的人。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and our ________ (failure).
②It soon became clear that the programme was ________ failure.
③________ (fail) is probably the most exhausting experience a person ever has.
④He failed ________ (go) to school in time because of the weather.
完成句子
⑤As she is getting older, ________________________(她的视力开始下降).
5)scream n．尖叫，尖叫声 vi. & vt.高声喊出)
(教材原句)The Scream was painted by Edvard Munch in 1893.
《呐喊》是爱德华·蒙克于1893年创作的。
scream at... 向……大声叫喊
scream for... 为了……尖声地叫喊
scream for help 高呼求救，喊救命
let out a scream 发出尖叫声
scream out (that) 尖声发出……
I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks.我给了房主一份猫头鹰雏鸟饥饿时尖叫的录音。
She screamed when she saw the robber.她看到强盗时尖叫起来。
The wind was screaming outside.外面风在呼啸。
He screamed at the children for making noise.
他因孩子们发出吵闹声而冲他们大声叫喊。
[语境助记]
When she saw a snake on the rock, she screamed for help.
当她看到岩石上有一条蛇时，她尖叫着求救。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Her loud ________ (scream) could be heard all over the house.
②She screamed ________ that she had lost her passport.
③He screamed ________ his wife to call an ambulance.
④The driver screamed ________ him to get off the bus.
完成句子
⑤The patient let out ________________________ (痛苦的尖叫声).
⑥He ________________________ (尖声发出) a warning.
6)cause vt.导致，引起；使发生 n．原因；事业)
cause sb. trouble/problems 给某人带来麻烦/问题
cause sb./sth. to do sth. 导致某人/某物做某事
cause and effect 因果
a/the cause of... ……的原因
with/without good cause 理由充分/无缘无故
There is no cause for... 没有理由……
The drought caused the vegetable prices to go up.
干旱导致蔬菜价格上涨。
The cause of the crash was given as engine failure.
撞车事故的原因被认定是发动机故障。
There is no cause for complaint.没有理由抱怨。
There are lots of ways to raise public awareness for a cause.有很多方法可以加强公众对一项事业的认识。
[比较] cause/reason/excuse(n.)
cause指某事发生的原因或做某事的理由，常与of或for连用；
The drugs tend to cause drowsiness.这些药常常使人昏昏欲睡。
·reason指某事发生或做某事的原因、理由、解释，常与for连用；
She gives no reasons for her decision.
她没有解释自己为什么作出这个决定。
·excuse指为自己的行为所作的辩解或给出的借口、理由，常与for连用。
Birthdays are always a good excuse for a party.
生日总是聚会的好理由。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①You have no cause ________ complaint.
②World peace is ________ cause we should all work for.
③Police are investigating the ________ (cause) of the explosion.
④His illness caused him ________ (miss) the game.
⑤A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the damage it ________ (cause) drove away a number of birds.
选词填空：cause/reason/excuse
⑥There's no ________ for such behaviour.
⑦Unemployment was the chief ________ of poverty.
⑧As always, Peter had a ________ for his action.
7)scene n．景色，景象；场景，场面；场；发生地点，现场)
(教材原句)He painted the same scene 27 times.
同样的场景他画了27次。
at the scene 在现场
on the scene 当场；在现场；到现场
behind the scenes 在幕后
scenic adj. 风景好的；舞台布景的
He drew a picture of wintry scene.他画了一幅冬天景色的画。
The curtain is lowered at the end of each scene.
每场结束时，帷幕都落下。
There was a witness at the scene.在现场有一位目击证人。
Firefighters were on the scene immediately.
消防队员立刻赶到现场。
He preferred to work behind the scenes.他更喜欢在幕后工作。
There was a sea of faces on every scenic spot in China during the Spring Festival.春节期间，中国的每个景点都人山人海。
[比较] scene/scenery/sight/view
·scene是scenery的一部分，往往包括其中的人物及活动，是可数名词；
·scenery指某一地区的总的自然景色，是不可数名词；
·sight指“风景，名胜”，常用复数形式，多指人文景观；
·view指从某个角度，尤其是从高处或远处看到的景色，是可数名词。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We missed the first few ________ (scene) of the film.
②By the time I arrived ________ the scene, it was all over.
③The ________ (scene) beauty of the place fascinated the visitors.
④The murder suspect couldn't explain away his fingerprints ________ the scene.
选词填空：scene/scenery/sight/view
⑤We saw the ________ of Hong Kong by bus.
⑥From the window there was a clear ________ of the mountains.
⑦There are some pretty ________ in the park.
⑧The area is remarkable for its ________.
8)reaction n．反应 react vi.回应；发生反应)
(教材原句)The Empire of Light has produced different reactions in viewers.观众对《灯之王国》的反应不同。
a reaction to... 对……的反应
in reaction to... 作为对……的反应
a chain reaction 连锁反应
a positive/negative reaction 积极的/消极的反应
mixed reactions 褒贬不一的反应
Their reaction to the joke is to laugh.
他们对这个笑话的反应是笑。
A spokesman said these changes were not in reaction to the company's recent losses.
一位发言人表示，这些变动并非针对公司最近的亏损而作出的反应。
How did the students react to the monitor's suggestion
同学们对班长的提议有何反应？
My father never saved money and perhaps I reacted against that.我父亲从不攒钱，也许我反对这种做法。
[语境助记]
Unkindness often reacts on the unkind person.恶有恶报。
Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust.铁和水及空气发生反应产生铁锈。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The rise in oil costs reacted ________ the price of food.
②All new fashion starts out as ________ reaction against existing convention.
③Children tend to react ________ their parents by going against their wish.
④People's reaction ________ the film has varied greatly.
⑤The water was reacting ________ the ferrous iron in the tank.
⑥In the past, there was often an automatic ________ (react) to increased traffic: just widen the roads.
完成句子
⑦Children sometimes ________ (反对) the thing their parents believe in.
第二版块|重要短语
1)lead sb. to do引导某人做某事)
(教材原句)His unusual use of colour has led experts to think that Van Gogh's mental illness may have affected his sense of sight.凡·高对色彩的运用很不寻常，这使专家们认为精神疾病可能影响了他的视觉。
lead sb. to... 领某人到……；引导某人得出……
lead to 通向；导致
lead a(n) ...life 过着……的生活
The teacher led me to finish the academic report.
老师带领我完成了学业报告。
[说明]
“导致，引起”的多种表达：result in; bring about; contribute to
Carelessness often results in/brings about/contributes to failure.粗心往往导致失败。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The guide dog led the blind ________ (walk) on the road.
②What do you think led the professor ________ this conclusion
③False fire alarms are illegal and may lead ________ imprisonment.
完成句子
④The prince and princess ______________________________ (过着幸福的生活) in the castle.
⑤A bird hit the plane glass, which ________________________________ (导致了) the air crash.
2)let out发出；放出；泄露；出租)
let alone 更不用说
let down 使失望；放下；降低
let go of 放开；松手；放弃，摒弃(想法、态度或控制)
When she saw him, she let out a cry of horror.
当看到他时，她发出了惊恐的叫声。
Keep this to yourself; don't let it out to the press.
你要保守秘密，别把它泄露给新闻界。
Farm machinery is let out by the week.农业机器按周出租。
The boy was persuaded to let out the bird.
人们说服那男孩放了那只鸟。
I can't speak English, let alone French or German.
我不会说英语，更别提法语或德语了。
[语境助记]
He won't let you down; he's reliable.
他值得信赖，不会让你失望。
He let go of the coat and it fell in the water.
他的手一松，手里的外套就掉到水里了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It's good to let ________ your feelings in a shout.
②He lacks necessities, let ________ luxuries.
③He is a bit let ________ by the low grades he got.
写出句中let out的含义
④After six years they let him out for good behaviour.________
⑤Boats are let out from the boathouse by the lake for 2 dollars per hour.________
⑥Jane let out where she had hidden her father's birthday present.________
3)be connected to与……有联系，与……有关联；与……连接)
(教材原句)Many experts say that The Scream is connected to Munch's mental health problems, which caused him a lot of pain.许多专家说，《呐喊》与给蒙克带来巨大痛苦的心理健康问题有关。
Enough sleep is connected to general health conditions.
充足的睡眠与一般的健康状况有关。
The breakdown of this computer was connected with some software.这台电脑的故障与一些软件有关。
The two island are connected by a bridge.
这两座岛被一座桥连在一起。
[拓展]
connect... with/to/and... 把……跟……联系起来
make connection with与……联系上(connection n．联系，关联；连接)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①These appliances should not be connected ________ power supplies.
②We often connect his name ________ the fantastic invention.
③He did everything ________ (connect) with farming.
④With some books, you may feel a ________ (connect) right away.
完成句子
⑤What he does can't ________________ (有联系) what he says.
⑥________________ (有一种联系) between her unhealthy diet and her poor health.
4)a series of一系列……)
(教材原句)The Empire of Light is among a series of paintings... 《灯之王国》是一系列绘画作品之一……
a series of articles 一系列文章
a series of experiments/studies/tests 一系列实验/研究/测试
TV series 电视连续剧
A series of attacks has sharpened fears of more violence.
一连串的袭击事件增加了人们对发生更多暴力事件的担心。
[说明] series单复数形式相同。“a series of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式；现代英语中有时也用复数，如强调个体成员时。
A series of problems is to be discussed at the meeting.
一系列问题即将在会议上被讨论。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The student always asks his teacher a series ________ questions.
②A series of lectures ________ (be) scheduled.
③A whole series of problems ________ (have) arisen one after another.
完成句子
④A new series of wildlife programmes ________________ (已经开始) on Monday evenings.
5)sort... into把……分类成……；把……分类放入……)
(教材原句)Sort the expressions into the correct columns.
将这些表达排到正确的列中。
sort out 整理；把……安排好；挑出；解决
sort out the emails 整理电子邮件
sort out the papers to be thrown away把要扔掉的文件挑出来
sort out the problems 解决问题
The teacher sorted the students into three groups and then they played games together.
老师把学生分成三组，然后他们一起玩游戏。
List the key headings and sort them into a logical order.
列出关键标题并按逻辑顺序排列。
[词语积累] sort n．种，类 vt.将……分类；整理
a sort of一种
all sorts/kinds of各种各样的(放在名词前)
of all sorts各种各样的(放在名词后)
sort of＝kind of有几分，有点儿；稍微(常用于动词或形容词之前作状语，表程度，如feel sort of tired感到有点儿累)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①According to the date, these letters are sorted ________ different groups.
②All afternoon, my mother was busy sorting ________ my summer clothes from the wardrobe.
③After supper, we would play card games of all ________ (sort) in the sitting room.
④The price was sort ________ higher than I'd expected.
完成句子
⑤Please ________ the children ________ (把……分成) four groups and then they can play games together.
6)have... in common有……共同之处)
(教材原句)Do they have anything in common
它们有什么共同点吗？
They have something in common with you on this point.
在这点上，他们和你有些共同之处。
I have a lot in common with you, so we have a lot to talk about.我与你有很多共同点，所以我们有很多话题可以聊。
This case has little in common with that one, because they are independent.
这个案子和那个没有什么共同点，因为它们是独立的。
Tony, in common with many of his generation, has no very clear idea of what he wants to do in life.托尼和他同一代的许多人一样，对于一生中想要做什么毫无明确的打算。
I have nothing in common with Jane.我和简毫无共同之处。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The two textbooks have something ________ common, so you don't have to buy two.
②They had nothing in common ________ me.
③Those who have a lot ________ common can get along well.
完成句子
④____________________ (和……一样)most teachers my English teacher is strict with us.
⑤It is amazing that the twins ________________ (没有一点共同点) each other.
7)see... doing...看到……正在做……)
(教材原句)．..we can see a horse running at high speed like a missile across the sky.
……我们可以看到一匹马像导弹一样高速飞过天空。
see...doing (主动；正在进行)
see...do (主动；全过程)
see...done (被动；已经完成)
As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign.
当我接近23英里时，我看到我的妻子在挥舞着一个牌子。(现在分词作补语，宾语my wife与wave之间是主动关系)
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.
昨天我看到他正在花园里干活。
I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
昨天我看到他在花园里干活了。(see...do结构，被动式须还原to，即sb./sth. be seen to do)
[语境助记]
After seeing his cat beaten to death, he burst out crying.
看到小猫被打死，他嚎啕大哭。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I saw her ________(do) her homework now.
②Nobody saw the office ________ (break) into.
完成句子
③We last ________________ (看到那个男孩正在玩耍) near the riverbank.
④I saw little Tom ________________ (正在接受惩罚) by his parents.
⑤A car ________________ (被看到撞到了) a big tree nearby.
第三版块|典型句式
1)what引导的主语从句＋is＋that引导的表语从句)
(教材原句)What makes it striking is that it shows a thin figure with an expression of fear—the figure's mouth is wide open and letting out a powerful scream.这幅画富有冲击力，画中有一个表情恐惧的瘦弱身影——嘴巴大张，正发出强烈的尖叫声。
[句式分析] 在这个句子中，what引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语；that引导表语从句，只起连接作用，不作句子成分，也没有任何意义。
what引导主语从句时有一定的意义，起连接作用，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等成分；that引导表语从句时，只起连接作用，不作句子成分，也无任何意义。
What impresses me most is that the little boy eats 5 hamburgers within 2 minutes.让我印象最深刻的是那个小男孩两分钟之内吃掉了5个汉堡包。
What pleases me most is that he has passed the exam.
最令我高兴的是他通过了考试。
[比较] 引导名词性从句时what与that的区别：
·what既起连接作用，又充当句子成分，相当于“the＋thing(s)＋that”。
What we need most is time.(what在从句中作need的宾语)我们最需要的是时间。
·that只起连接作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，且在宾语从句中可省略。
It was a pity that his ideas didn't gain popular support.(that只起连接作用)
遗憾的是他的想法没有得到大众的支持。
[常见句式]
What astonishes/surprises/impresses sb. (most) is that...(最)令某人震惊/吃惊/印象深刻的是……
What matters is that...
要紧的是……，重要的是……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ impresses me most is that Helen Keller graduated from Harvard University.
②What really matters is ________ the giver should do more than simply handing over the money.
③________ annoys me most is ________ every time I turn around, he seems to be spying on me.
完成句子
④________________ (我想强调的是) our group is looking for new members right now.
⑤________________ (重要的是) we should learn something from failure.
2)现在分词作伴随状语)
(教材原句)I stood there shaking.我站在那里颤抖着。
[句式分析] 表示该动作与句子谓语动词表示的动作同时发生(现在分词短语的逻辑主语一般与句子的主语一致)
The man then bent down and gave his wife the flower, telling her who it was from.
那人弯下腰，把花送给妻子，告诉她花是谁给她的。
Working as a volunteer teacher in the west, the girl took up growing vegetables.
在西部地区当志愿老师时，这个女孩对种菜产生了兴趣。(时间状语)
Seeing that his wife was going off to sleep, he switched off the TV.
看到他的妻子要离开去睡觉，他关掉了电视。(原因状语)
Being advised to talk less, Mary keeps silent while we talk.要是叫她少说点，当我们说话时，玛丽就会保持沉默。(条件状语)
She tried a new diet, reducing her weight.
她尝试了一种新的食谱，结果减肥了。(结果状语)
[说明]
现在分词短语作状语可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果或伴随情况等。其中作时间、原因、条件状语时，通常位于句首；作结果、方式、伴随状语时，通常位于句末。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He sat there for two hours, ________ (consider) how to design the advertisement.
②________ (be) ill, she didn't go to school as usual today.
③________ (turn) right, you will find the place you want.
④________ (know) all this, they made me pay for the damage.
⑤The mother died, ________ (leave) a lot of money for her children.
⑥He sat at the table ________ (read) China Daily.
3)if so如果这样(＝if it is so))
(教材原句)If so, underline the words and phrases in the descriptions that show their common features.如果是这样，请在描述中显示其共同特征的单词和短语下面画线。
If so, you don't have to buy anything, but it would be kind if you did.
如果这样的话，你不需要买任何东西，但是如果你买了就太好了。
If (it is) necessary I can come at once.
如果有必要，我可以马上来。
If (it is) possible, please bring me two pieces of bread because I'm too hungry.
如果可能的话，请给我带两片面包，因为我太饿了。
Please let me know how many are coming, if any.
如果有人要来的话，请告诉我有多少。
[说明] 在if, when, while, as if, though, unless等引导的状语从句中，如果谓语部分含有be，而主语又跟主句的主语相同或为it，则从句的主语和be常常一起省略。
if possible如果可能的话 if necessary如果必要的话
if not如果不是的话 if ever如果曾经有的话
if any如果有的话 when necessary有必要时
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I hear that we'll have a three day holiday. If ________， we are going to Mount Huang; if ________， we intend to go swimming.
②If ________， take another look at other methods you could try.
③David seldom asks his father, ________ ever, for help when in trouble.
完成句子
④It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine. ____________________ (如果这样), we'd better take it to the garage immediately.
⑤________________________________(当有必要时), you can ask your teacher for help.
4)It is＋adj.＋to do sth.)
(教材原句)It is hard to believe that Van Gogh only sold one painting during his lifetime.
很难相信凡·高一生只卖出了一幅画。
[句式分析] it是形式主语，后面的不定式(短语)是真正主语。常用于这个句式的形容词有easy，difficult，hard，strange, important, necessary, possible等。
[句式拓展] 常见的it作形式主语的句式：
·It is ＋adj. ＋to do sth./that...
·It is ＋adj. ＋for sb./of sb.＋to do sth.
·It is ＋n. ＋to do sth./that...
·it is ＋adj./n. ＋doing sth.(no use, no good, no fun, a waste of time)
·It is ＋过去分词＋that...
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It is possible ________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometres.
②... so it is important ________ (take) careful notes during class.
③It is my duty ________ (report) it to the police.
④It's no good ________ (complain)—they never listen.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．What ________ (导致) you to change your mind
2．Artists translate their ideas into ________ (视觉的) images.
3．The remarkable novelist enjoyed feeling the warm sand ________ (在……下方) her feet.
4．This song is considered to be the band's ________ (代表作).
5．I would like to keep my ________ (身材) by professional exercise.
6．Frank heard the ________ (尖叫声), followed by someone yelling, “Oh, my dear, the journalist fell down！”
7．The author finds being part of the ________ (景色) and getting close to animals most uplifting about a horseback safari.
8．The actions and words of the famous performer may ________ (影响) the young.
9．These red and yellow ________ (斑点) on the painting really make viewers surprised and joyous.
10．The program the singer performed last night was not a success but a ________ (失败的事).
Ⅱ.短语填空
combine...with..., be surrounded by, figure out, in a creative way, let out a scream, a series of, as for, be connected to, at high speed, have something in common
1．Tom performed ____________ complex actions, which made his coach very satisfied.
2．On a broad, straight road you can travel ____________．
3．____________ Helen, she thinks the performers gave a great performance.
4．I have studied for several months, but I still can't ____________ the score.
5．He often ________ classical music ________ pop songs to express complex emotions.
6．CAI could help performers to develop thoughts ____________.
7．It is a key component of the television camera that ____________ the radio telescope.
8．The famous composer ____________ a group of journalists in the front of the theatre.
9．When she saw the fierce dog, she ____________．
10．They say that the composer and the novelist ____________．
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．According to the last paragraph, what do Alice and her father have ________ common
2．A ground breaking, five year study shows that diet related changes in human bite ________ (lead) to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world's languages.
3．As ________ the working environment, Tanis prefers working by herself.
4．I made friends with the natives, and their ________ (react) amazed me.
5．When you ride a bicycle, you don't use petrol. So they are not producing carbon dioxide and not ________ (cause) air pollution.
6．There, among many other things, Nicolo ________ (spot) two paintings he thought would look nice above his dining room table.
7．It is traditional ________ (bring) a gift to a housewarming party.
8．Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity ________ (consume) in the US.
9．—Sorry Mum! I failed the job interview again.
—Oh, it's too bad. You ________ have made full preparations.
10．Today's ________ (figure), according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schools.
11．The Silence Machine is a device specially designed to stop unwanted sound from ________ (affect) you.
12．I had grown not only physically, but also ________ (mental) in the past few years.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．在中国古代诗歌中，对自然万物的描述是显著的。
In ancient Chinese poems, ______________________________________ things in nature.
2．他上学迟到的原因是他起床晚了。
________________________ he was late for school was that ________________________．
3．事实是我们在数学方面仍然比别的班落后。
________________________ we are still falling behind the other classes in math.
4．我们所期望的是那位著名的表演者将来会再来我们学校。
______________________ the famous performer will come to our school again in the future.
5．我们最需要的是父母和老师不断地鼓励我们。
________________________ is that our parents and teachers keep encouraging us.
Section B Lesson 1 Masterpieces
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．figure 2.affect 3.spot 4.scream 5.cause
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．starry 2.mentally 3.massive 4.failure 5.striking
6．viewer 7.burning 8.mysterious 9.visually 10.reaction
11．masterpiece
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．引导某人做某事 2.视觉 3.在某人的有生之年
4．带着恐惧的表情 5.发出尖叫声 6.神秘的景色/场景
7．视觉实验 8.不同的反应 9.关于，至于
10．把……分类成；把……分类放入 11.举办一个展览
12．以高速 13.用黑色墨水 14.创造性地；以创造性的方式
15．被涂上……
1．be set on/in/against 2.be connected to
3．mental health problems 4.a series of
5．(be) surrounded by 6.have something in common
7．common features 8.What's your opinion of...
9．develop the tradition of... bine...with...
11．with one's brain/hands
课文研析·语篇理解
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．D 2.A 3.B 4.C
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
1．mentally 2.massive 3.racing 4.paintings 5.with
6．is set 7.stormy 8.which 9.lit 10.surrounded
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．①figures ②figured ③out ④名词，人物 ⑤名词，数字
⑥动词，认为 ⑦名词，身材 ⑧kept her figure
2．①beneath ②beneath ③副词，在……底下
④介词，被……覆盖 ⑤介词，在……下方
3．①affected ②affects ③is affected ④affect/influence ⑤effects ⑥influence/affect ⑦were affected by
4．①failures ②a ③Failure ④to go
⑤her sight is beginning to fail
5．①screams ②out ③at ④at ⑤a scream of pain
⑥screamed out
6．①for ②a ③cause(s) ④to miss ⑤caused ⑥excuse
⑦cause ⑧reason
7．①scenes ②on ③scenic ④at ⑤sights ⑥view
⑦scenes ⑧scenery
8．①on/upon ②a ③against ④to ⑤with ⑥reaction ⑦react against
第二版块|重要短语
1．①to walk ②to ③to ④led a happy life
⑤led to/resulted in/brought about/contributed to
2．①out ②alone ③down ④放出，释放 ⑤出租 ⑥泄露
3．①to ②with ③connected ④connection
⑤be connected with ⑥There is a connection
4．①of ②is/are ③has/have ④has started
5．①into ②out ③sorts ④of ⑤sort; into
6．①in ②with ③in ④In common with
⑤have nothing in common with
7．①doing ②broken ③saw the boy playing
④being punished ⑤was seen to crash into
第三版块|典型句式
1．①What ②that ③What; that ④What I want to stress is that ⑤What's vital is that
2．①considering ②Being ③Turning ④Knowing
⑤leaving ⑥reading
3．①so; not ②not ③if ④If so ⑤When necessary
4．①to walk ②to take ③to report ④complaining
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．caused 2.visual 3.beneath 4.masterpiece 5.figure 6.scream 7.scene 8.affect 9.spots 10.failure
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．a series of 2.at high speed 3.As for 4.figure out
5．combines; with 6.in a creative way 7.is connected to
8．was surrounded by 9.let out a scream
10．have something in common
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．in 2.led 3.for 4.reaction 5.causing 6.spotted
7．to bring 8.consumed 9.should 10.figures 11.affecting
12．mentally
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．it is striking to describe 2.The reason why; he got up late
3．The fact remains that 4.What we expect is that
5．What we need mostSection E Writing Workshop, Viewing Workshop & Reading Clubs 1～2
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ n. (青)少年
2．____________ n. 女士；夫人
3．____________ adj. 畅销的
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．advertise v．(为……)做广告；登广告→________ n．广告
2．young adj.年轻的→________ n．(青)少年
3．document n．文件；(计算机)文档v.记录，记载→________ n．纪录片
4．current adj.①通用的，流行的②当前的；现在的n.流行；思潮，趋向→________ adv.当前；现时
5．accept v．接受→________ adj.可接受的
6．appreciate vt.感激；欣赏→________ n．感激；欣赏
7．faith n．信任，信心；宗教信仰→________ adj.忠实的；可信任的→________ adv.忠诚地，忠实地
8．express v．表示；表达(自己的思想感情)→________ adj.富于感情表达的；明确表露想法的
9．art n．艺术→artist n．艺术家；(尤指)画家→________ adj.美术的；艺术的
10．extend v．扩大→________ adj.广阔的；广泛的→________ adv.广泛地；大规模地；全面地
11．symbol n．象征；符号→________ n．象征主义
12．sculpt v．雕刻→________ n．雕刻家
13．admire v．敬佩；羡慕→________ n．敬佩；羡慕
14．permit v．允许；许可→________ n．允许；许可
15．mar vt.损坏；损毁→________ adj.军事的；战争的
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
A 写出下列短语的汉意
1．a formal email ________________
2．the advertisement on a school website ________________
3．ask for more information ________________
4．be formal/informal ________________
5．join/enter a contest ________________
6．be fond of ________________
7．sport documentaries ________________
8．apply to do sth. ________________
9．as well as ________________
10．at the same time ________________
11．first impression ________________
12．give a name to ________________
13．come alive ________________
B 写出下列汉语所对应的英文短语
1．________________ 学校电影俱乐部
2．________________ 武术
3．________________ 校园音乐比赛
4．________________ 电子邮件的格式
5．________________ 制作音乐视频
6．________________ 另外，此外
7．________________ 盼望，期待
8．________________ 收到某人的信息(或电子邮件、电话等)
9．________________ 正确地称呼某人
10．________________ 同样地；以同样的方式
第一版块|核心单词
1)acceptable adj.可接受的 acceptably adv.可接受地)
(教材原句)Could you tell me if this kind of film would be acceptable？您能告诉我这类电影是否能被接受吗？
be acceptable to sb. 对某人来说可以接受
an acceptable way 可接受的方式
acceptable behaviour 可接受的行为举止
It be acceptable (for sb.) to do sth. (某人)做某事是可接受的
We have finally reached an agreement acceptable to all sides.
我们最终达成一项各方都能接受的协议。
It is acceptable for students to watch TV, as long as within the given time.学生看电视是可以接受的，只要不超出规定的时间。
Thank you so much for your gift. It is most acceptable.
非常感谢你的礼物。我非常喜欢它。
[拓展]
accept v．接受；同意 acceptance n．认可；同意；接受
a letter of acceptance 接收函；录取信
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It is becoming more ________ (accept) for women to drink.
②Within two days I received a letter of ________ (accept) from the manager.
③They're trying to work out a plan acceptable ________ both sides.
完成句子
④________________________________________________________________________
(……是可以接受的) for most students to recite more than 20 words in an hour.
2)advertisement n．广告；启事；广告(样)品 advertise v．(为……)做广告(宣传)；(在报纸、海报等上)公布，征聘 advertiser n．登广告者；广告商)
(1)take out an advertisement 刊登广告
put/place an advertisement in the newspaper 在报纸上刊登广告
a newspaper/television/radio advertisement 报纸/电视/电台广告
a job advertisement 招聘广告
reply to/answer an advertisement 对广告作出回应
an advertisement for shampoo 一则洗发水广告
be an advertisement for 是……的典范
(2)advertise for... 公开征聘……
advertise (sth.) on television/in the newspaper
在电视/报纸上刊登广告
advertise a product/a business/your services
做广告宣传产品/企业/你的服务项目
They put an advertisement in the newspaper, offering a high salary for the talented person.
他们在报纸上刊登了一则启事，出高薪寻找有才能的人。
The product was advertised in today's newspaper.
今天的报纸登有此产品的广告。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He's a very good advertisement ________ the benefits of regular exercise.
②．.. people can be easily influenced by ________ (advertisement) that lack scientific support.
③At this time of year, the papers are full of advertisements ________ skiing holidays.
④We are advertising ________ a baby sitter.
⑤These products have been ________(advertise) ________ (heavy).
3)appreciate vt.感激；欣赏；领会；意识到 appreciation n．欣赏；感激；鉴定；体谅 appreciative adj.欣赏的，赏识的；感激的)
(教材原句)I appreciate your help and look forward to hearing from you.
我感谢你的帮助，期待收到您的回信。
appreciate (sb.) doing sth. 感激(某人)做某事
appreciate one's help/support/concern
感谢某人的帮助/支持/关心
appreciate fine works of art 欣赏优秀的艺术作品
appreciate one's talent 赏识某人的才能
appreciate the importance of regular exercise
认识到经常锻炼的重要性
show one's appreciation of 表示某人对……的感激/欣赏
in appreciation of 以感激……
have no appreciation of 对……不了解/不体谅
be appreciative of 感激……
I would appreciate it if... 如果……我会非常感激。
We would appreciate you letting us know of any problem.
如果有任何问题，请告诉我们。
I would appreciate it if you could help me.
如果你能帮助我，我将不胜感激。
I do not appreciate fully what he means.
我没有完全领会他的意思。
They failed to appreciate the significance of the precautions.
他们没有意识到这些预防措施的重要性。
I really appreciate the danger of this job.
我真的意识到了这份工作的危险性。
I am writing to show my appreciation of your thoughtfulness.
我给您写信以表达我对您的周全考虑的感激之情。
We have been very appreciative of their support.
我们对他们的支持一直非常感激。
[比较] 感谢你的帮助
·appreciate＋事：I appreciate your help.
·thank＋人：Thank you for your help.
[说明] appreciate后不能直接跟从句，需先接形式宾语it，再接从句，构成“I would appreciate it if...”句型。用法类似的词还有hate, love, like, dislike等。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She really appreciated our ________ (come) to her party.
②She shows little ________ (appreciate) of good music.
③Please accept this gift ________ appreciation of all you've done for us.
④I would appreciate ________ if you could give me some good advice for studying abroad.
⑤He becomes more ________ (appreciate) of the meaning of life and its permanent spiritual values.
⑥I appreciate ________ (give) the opportunity to work in your company two years ago.
完成句子
⑦Very few people ________________________(赏识他的作品).
⑧I'll send them a donation ________________________ (以感谢) their help.
⑨__________________________ (我将非常感激) if you could agree to my proposal.
4)faithfully adv.忠诚地，忠实地；准确地 faithful adj.忠诚的，忠实的→faith n．宗教信仰；信心；信任)
be faithful to 忠于……
have faith in 对……有信心
lose faith in 对……失去信心
The movie follows original faithfully.
这部电影忠于原著。
She promised faithfully not to tell anyone my secret.
她保证恪守诺言，不把我的秘密告诉任何人。
I have been a faithful reader of your newspaper for many years.
我是贵报多年来的忠实读者。
We must be faithful to the people.
我们必须忠于人民。
The public never had faith in his ability to handle the job.
公众从来都不相信他有处理这项工作的能力。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He has supported the local team ________ (faithful) for 30 years.
②His translation manages to be faithful ________ the spirit of the original.
③I think the faith that everyone has shown ________ him has touched him.
④She was rewarded for her 40 years' ________ (faith) service with the company.
完成句子
⑤She ________________________ (一直信守着) her promise to guard this secret.
5)admiration n．钦佩；羡慕；赞美；欣赏)
(教材原句)The two artists had more in common than mutual admiration.这两位艺术家的共同之处不仅是相互欣赏。
have admiration for 对……感到钦佩
win the admiration of 赢得……的赞赏
be full of admiration 满怀钦佩之情
in admiration of 欣赏，赞美
I have great admiration for her as a writer.
我十分钦佩她这位作家。
She won the admiration of many people in her battle against cancer.她在与癌症的对抗中赢得了许多人的钦佩。
She was full of admiration for the care she had received.
她因自己受到的照顾而满怀钦佩之情。
We paused in admiration of the beautiful view.
我们停下来欣赏美丽的风景。
[拓展] (1)admire vt.敬佩；羡慕；赞美；欣赏
admire sb. for sth.欣赏某人某物
We all admired him for the way he saved the children from the fire.
我们都称赞他从火中救孩子的行为。
(2)admirable adj.令人钦佩的；令人赞赏的
The soldiers showed admirable bravery.
士兵们表现出了令人钦佩的勇敢。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①His eyes showed open ________ (admire) as he looked at her.
②He admires you ________ being always good tempered.
③As a famous piano master ，Beethoven ________ (admire) by many people.
④It is an ________ (admire) and wise decision that is worth following.
完成句子
⑤I __________________________(对……十分钦佩) his accomplishment in science.
⑥During the Mid－Autumn Festival, family members often gather together to share a meal, ________________________________(赏月、吃月饼).
6)permission n．允许；许可 permit n．许可证；执照 v．允许；许可)
(教材原句)Some think it is a crime if done without a property owner's permission, while others see this as a rich form of non－traditional cultural expression.有些人认为，如果未经产权人许可就这样做，这是一种罪行，而其他人则把它看作是一种丰富的、非传统的文化表现形式。
ask for one's permission 请求某人允许
give permission to do sth. 准许做某事
have/obtain/get one's permission 得到某人许可
permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
permit doing sth. 允许做某事
You must ask for your teacher's permission if you want to leave early.
如果你想早走的话，你必须请求你老师的允许。
Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to leave the classroom.只有老师准许学生才能离开教室。
Do I have your permission to change the date
您允许我改变一下日期吗？
You can't work here without a work permit.
你没有工作许可证就不能在这里工作。
I would like to do it with you, but I am not sure whether my parents permit.
我愿意和你一起做，但我不确定我父母是否允许。
The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly.
政府已经允许该公司使用特殊材料，使飞行器更容易飞行。
[比较] permission/permit(n.)
·permission 通常指口头上的“许可”；
·permit指官方签发的“通行证，许可证”。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I'll come after the meeting if time ________ (permit).
②He said that if he had ________ permit he could get a job.
③My parents didn't permit me ________ (go) with you.
④Her father would not permit ________ (eat) candies.
⑤Did he give permission ________ (take) that
⑥It's strange that he should have taken the books ________ the owner's permission.
完成句子
⑦__________________________ (有你的允许), I can leave now.
⑧You were wrong to take the car ____________________________ (未经许可).
⑨__________________________ (天气允许的话), we will have a picnic on Saturday.
⑩The rules of the club ________________________ (不许吸烟).
7)while 然而，表对比，连接并列句)
(1)while引导时间状语从句，“当……时候”
Will you watch over my baby while I am going skiing
我去滑雪的时候你帮我照看一下婴儿好吗？
(2)while引导让步状语从句，“虽然，尽管”，相当于although
While I see what you say, I can't agree with you.
虽然我能理解你说的话，但是我不能同意你的看法。
(3)while引导条件状语从句，“只要”，相当于as long as
There will be life while there is water and air.
只要有空气和水，就会有生命。
Li suggests traditional Chinese clothes while Su thinks the school uniforms are more suitable.
李建议穿中国传统服装，而苏认为穿校服更合适。
There's plenty of rain in the southeast, while there's little in the northwest.东南部雨量充足，而西北部则很少下雨。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①For the risk－seekers, a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, ________ for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.
②You must keep these points in mind ________ you are setting your goals.
完成句子
③Some people waste food __________________________________ (然而有些人却吃不饱).
④ ________________ (进行调查时)，we came across difficulties.
8)messy adj.脏乱；凌乱的，散乱的 mess n．混乱；混杂；脏乱 mess vt.弄糟；弄乱)
(教材原句)The messy names and slogans were seen as ugly and rough, the work of vandals seeking to express themselves or even to make a political point.
这些凌乱的名字和标语被认为是丑陋和粗糙的，是那些想表达自己，甚至想表达政治观点的破坏者的作品。
in a mess 乱七八糟
make a mess of (doing) sth. 把(做)某事/某物搞得一塌糊涂
get into a mess 陷入困境
mess sth. up 把……弄糟
She doesn't know how to tidy up the messy room.
她不知道怎样整理这个凌乱的房间。
The house is in a mess after a wild party.
一次疯狂的聚会之后，房子里一片狼藉。
The heavy rain made a great mess of the garden.
这场大雨把花园搞得一团糟。
It is also easy to see why the two firms got into such a mess.
找出这两家公司沦落到如此混乱境地的原因也很容易。
I was asked to organise the trip, but I messed it up.
大家要求我组织这次旅游，可是我把它弄糟了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Your room is so ________ (mess) that you can't find what you want.
②The children make the sitting room ________ a mess.
③I've sorted out the books; now don't mess them ________ again.
④I feel I've made a mess ________ my study plan. I don't know how to pass the exam.
⑤Except for the remarkably tidy kitchen, the place was in ________ mess.
⑥When she returned from the market, the children had got the room ________ a terrible mess.
完成句子
⑦____________________________ (真是一团糟)! The books are thrown everywhere.
第二版块|重要短语
1)be fond of 爱好；喜爱)
(教材原句)I started making music videos three years ago, and I am very fond of it.
我三年前开始制作音乐视频，我非常喜欢它。
be fond of sb./sth. 喜欢某人/某物
be fond of doing sth. 喜欢做某事
We are so fond of our high intelligence that we assume that when it comes to brain power, more must be better.
我们如此喜欢自己的高智商，以至于我们认为当涉及脑力时，越多就一定越好。
I am fond of planting flowers.我喜欢种花。
[比较]
·be fond of 喜欢，喜爱(表示状态)
·become/grow fond of逐渐喜欢(表示动作)
We grew fond of the bird and decided to call it Mildred.
我们渐渐喜欢上了那只鸟，决定给它取名Mildred。
[归纳拓展] “喜欢做某事”的其他表达：
like doing/to do sth. love doing/to do sth.
enjoy doing sth. be keen on doing sth.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He's fond ________ the food at the bar.
②The house was too expensive and too big. Besides, I'd ________ (grow) fond of our little rented house.
③More and more young people are fond ________ cycling to work.
④My mother is keen ________ making all kinds of cold dishes.
完成句子
⑤Over the years we ________________________ (渐渐喜欢上对方).
⑥He ________________________ (喜欢画画) when he was a child.
2)look forward to 期望；期待；盼望)
look through 透过……看；快速查看；浏览
look into 向里看；调查
look up (在词典、参考书中或通过电脑)查阅
look up (from sth.) (在低头看某物时)抬头往上看
look down on/upon 轻视，瞧不起
look on...as 把……看作是
look out for 注意察看，留心
look out(＝watch out) 小心，当心
look back on 回忆，回顾
I'm looking forward to your reply.我期待着您的回复。
I look forward to paying off my debts.我期待着还清我的债务。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The band was looking forward to ________ (become) famous overnight.
②Sarah Thomas is looking forward ________ the challenge of her new A－level course.
③Don't always look ________ the new words in the dictionary.
④When I looked back ________ those days, I realised I was unhappy.
3)a variety of 各种各样的(修饰名词复数形式))
a variety of＝varieties of＝various 各种各样的
Our team, apart from regular training, will join in a variety of activities.
我们队除了常规训练之外，还将参加各种各样的活动。
Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.
在各种各样的卖礼物的商店里逛一逛，同时欣赏现场音乐表演和不错的街头娱乐。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Join us to taste a ________ (vary) of fresh local food and drinks.
②This tool can be used in a variety ________ ways.
完成句子
③______________ (各种各样的资源) will become sharply reduced.
4)range from... to... 范围从……到……)
a range of 一系列……
beyond one's range 超出某人的能力范围
The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging from butterflies to elephants.
国家公园有一大批野生生物，从蝴蝶到大象应有尽有。
Although her description sounded wonderful, the price was beyond our range, so we declined.
尽管她的描述听起来很精彩，但是价格超出了我们的能力范围，因此我们谢绝了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The universities are now offering a wider range ________ courses to students for them to choose.
完成句子
②The lady has five children, ________________________ (年龄从8到24岁不等).
5)no longer 不再(＝not... any longer))
(教材原句)Later, the image of graffiti and graffiti artists changed a lot and graffiti was no longer only found in the subways and the poor areas of cities.后来，涂鸦和涂鸦艺术家的形象发生了很大变化，涂鸦不再只出现在地铁和城市的贫困地区。
They no longer paid attention to the bird and never learned what it was doing.他们不再注意那只鸟，也不知道它在做什么。
The Greens no longer lived here.
＝The Greens didn't live here any longer.
格林一家已经不住在这里了。
[比较]
·no longer, not... any longer表示时间上不再延续，多与延续性动词连用；
·no more, not... any more表示数量上不再增加或程度上不再加深，可与延续性或非延续性动词连用。
People are not interested in movies any more.
人们不再对电影感兴趣了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Hopefully, in 2025 we will no ________ (long) be e mailing each other, for we will have developed more convenient electronic communication tools by then.
②I didn't want to live the rest of my life with the extra weight any ________ (many).
完成句子
③He ________________ (已经不是) what he was.
6)a way to do 做……的方法(＝a way of doing))
(教材原句)There's a way to benefit from your work without spoiling public property.有一种方法可以在不破坏公共财产的情况下从你的作品中受益。
A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life.
一个人应该学会处理生活的适当方法。
For many of them, it's a way of meeting other people.
对他们中的许多人来说，这是一种结识他人的方式。
表示“……的方法”的短语有：
the approach to (doing) sth. the way to do/of (doing) sth.
the means of (doing) sth. the method of (doing) sth.
the solution to (doing) sth.
This trend was started by the medical community as a method of fighting heart disease.
这一趋势是由医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的方法而开始的。
The solution to this problem is not immediately obvious.
这个问题的解决办法不是显而易见的。
[归纳拓展] 后常接不定式作后置定语的结构：
the ability to do 做……的能力
the opportunity to do 做……的机会
the chance to do 做……的机会
I will offer you the chance to show yourself.
我将向你提供本次展示你自己的机会。
He has been studying hard to gain the ability to support his family.
他一直在努力学习，以获得养家的能力。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We must find a way ________ (deal) with our emotions.
②Swimming is my favourite sport. There is nothing like swimming as a means ________ keeping fit.
③She decided to adopt a different approach ________ the problem.
④The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance ________ (make) sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.
完成句子
⑤For the trainees, the programmes also offer a great way ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
(为他们自己赢得荣誉).
⑥Parents should actively urge their children to take advantage of
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
(这个加入运动队的机会).
7)have an effect on 对……有影响)
(教材原句)Do you believe that graffiti has a positive or negative effect on society？你认为涂鸦对社会有积极还是消极的影响？
Does television have an effect on children's behaviour
电视对孩子的行为有影响吗？
have an influence on 对……有影响
have an impact on 对……有影响
His writings have an influence on the lives of millions of people.他的著作影响了数百万人的生活。
This book has an impact on my opinion about life.
这本书影响了我对人生的看法。
[归纳拓展]
bring/put sth. into effect使……生效，实行……，实施……
come into effect生效，开始实施
take effect开始起作用；生效，开始实施
in effect实际上，事实上
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Your house may have an effect ________ your figure.
②How people dress has an influence ________ their feelings.
③It won't be easy to put the changes ________ effect.
④An unhappy home environment has a bad effect ________children's growth.
完成句子
⑤His teaching methods still ________________ (对……有强大的影响) young people.
⑥The new law will ________________ (生效) next month.
第三版块|典型句式
1)疑问词＋to do)
(教材原句)I wonder if you could also give me more information about how to apply to be part of this festival.我还想知道您能不能给我提供更多关于如何申请参加这个艺术节的信息。
[句式分析] “疑问词＋不定式(短语)”在作用上相当于一个名词性从句，常用在某些动词(如tell, know, imagine, learn, decide, forget, remember, consider, understand等)后面作宾语，另外还可作主语、表语、同位语等。
I don't know how to play the piano.我不知道怎么弹钢琴。
You must learn when to speak and when to keep silent.
你必须学会什么时候讲话，什么时候保持沉默。
I am considering what to do next.我正在考虑下一步怎么办。
Where to go hasn't been decided.去哪里还没有决定下来。
I have no idea how to get along with her.我不知道如何与她相处。
The conductor always tells me what to do and how to do it.
这位指挥总是告诉我做什么和怎么做。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Li Jiang and Su Hua don't agree on ________ to wear when greeting the British students.
②The absolute most important skill that you learn when you play chess is ________ to make good decisions.
③When he got lost, he didn't know ________ to go.
完成句子
④I will contact you later to tell you ________________ (何时来).
2)含not only... but also...的句子)
(教材原句)Not only was he extremely productive... but he was also able to master a variety of painting styles, ranging from detailed portraits to expressive landscapes.
他不仅非常多产……他也能掌握各种绘画风格，从细致的肖像画到富有表现力的风景画。
[句式分析] not only...but also...连接两个分句时，若not only位于句首表示强调， not only所在的分句要用部分倒装语序，but also后面的分句不倒装。
Not only do the teachers have their own ideas on the matter, but the students also have theirs.
对于这件事不仅老师们有自己的想法，学生们也有自己的想法。
I have grown not only physically, but also mentally in the past few years.
在过去的几年里，我不仅在身体上成长了，而且在精神上也成长了。
Not only you but also Judy is to blame for this accident.
这次事故不仅要怪你，而且要怪朱迪。
[说明] not only... but also...连接并列主语时，谓语动词要遵循“就近一致原则”。not only只能连用，而but also既可连用，也可分开用，but和also也可省略其一。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Not only ________ (do) she speak English, but she's also good with computers.
②Not only the mother ________ the children are also sick.
③Not only Tom and Mary but also I ________ (be) fond of watching television.
完成句子
④________________________ (我们不仅按时去上学) every day, but we also work hard.
3)It is said that...据说……)
(教材原句)It is said that the two artists admired each other.
据说这两位艺术家相互欣赏。
It is said that body language accounts for 55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 per cent.
据说身体语言占第一印象的55%，而你说的话只占7%。
[句式分析] It is said that...＝People say that...
Sb./Sth. is said to do...
Sb./Sth. is said to be doing...
Sb./Sth. is said to have done...
It is said that they won the game.
据说他们赢得了比赛。
＝People say that they won the game.
＝They are said to have won the game.
[句式拓展] It＋be＋过去分词＋that...
It is agreed that... 人们一致认为……
It is announced that... 据宣布……
It is believed that... 人们相信……
It is considered that... 人们认为……
It is hoped that... 人们希望……
It is reported that... 据报道……
It is recorded that... 据记载……
It is suggested that... 有人建议……
It is thought that... 人们认为……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①On this day, it is said ________ the moon is its biggest and brightest.
②________ is reported that a space station will be built on the moon in years to come.
一句多译
人们说/据说他已经搬到芝加哥了。
③________________________________________________________________________
④________________________________________________________________________
⑤________________________________________________________________________
完成句子
⑥________________ (大家一致认为) the plot of the drama is very entertaining.
⑦He is said ________________ (正在澳大利亚学习) as an exchange student.
4)现在完成进行时)
(教材原句)For the past few months, we have been interviewing and filming young players about their interest in basketball.在过去的几个月里，我们一直在做关于年轻球员对篮球兴趣的采访并拍摄下来。
[句式分析] 现在完成进行时的构成：主语＋have/has＋been＋现在分词＋其他。它表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，或者刚刚终止，或者可能仍然要继续下去。
For the past two years, Gordon's students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they're close to a solution.在过去的两年里，戈登的学生们一直在研究在零重力状态下杀死细菌的方法，他们认为他们已经快找到解决方案了。
Have you been trying to talk him into going with us in the past hour？在过去的一个小时里你一直在试图说服他和我们一起去吗？
[提示] 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别：
(1)现在完成时强调刚完成的动作或某个过去的动作对现在产生的影响，而现在完成进行时则强调动作的延续性。
He has watered the flowers.他已经给花浇过水了。(动作已完成)
He has been watering the flowers.他一直在给花浇水。(动作在继续)
(2)现在完成时一般不表示动作的重复性，而现在完成进行时可表示动作的重复性。
Have you stayed up recently？你最近熬过夜吗？
Have you been staying up recently？你最近总是熬夜吗？
(3)表示状态、感觉或情感的动词，如see, feel, know, love等，可用于现在完成时，但不可用于现在完成进行时。
We have known each other for many years.我们已经相识很多年了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①People ________ (pour) into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece.
②Marty ________ (work) really hard on his book about drama and he thinks he'll have finished it by Friday.
③Jessica ________ (hunt) for a job everywhere since she graduated.
完成句子
④Since then, David _________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
(一直在寻找这本书).
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Aside from all the technical differences, the ________ (象征主义) is also different.
2．Most Roman ________ (雕刻家) were very cautious about supporting large blocks of marble.
3．He was a talented musician in his ________ (青年时期).
4．After his many years' struggle, his first novel was one of last year's ________ (畅销的) titles.
5．A local film crew is making a ________ (纪录片) about volcanoes.
6．The Scottish girl with a broad smile won first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech ________ (比赛).
7．________ (个人) vary in their abilities to adapt to change.
8．I ________ (感激) the help of the famous performer and look forward to performing on the same stage with him.
Ⅱ.短语填空
without permission, make a mess, be fond of, apply to be, have great admiration for
1．You can proceed to make cookies if you promise not to ____________ in the kitchen.
2．In our school, my classmates ____________ playing ball sports, but others like stage performing.
3．Massive production of the product is not allowed ____________．
4．Would you like to ____________ a clown doctor
5．We ____________ these talented people, such as Beethoven, Mozart and Qi Baishi.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Let them know that you are there to help in any way that is ________ (accept), while still respecting the privacy of your neighbour.
2．The ________ (admire) and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen to make a career (职业) in acting.
3．In addition to ________ (improve) emotional health, what do you think are some other benefits of resolving an argument
4．Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food that is provided by Mom with ________ (appreciate).
5．People need ________ (permit) to be funny in social settings because there's always a risk that comes with humour.
6．It is reported ________ the film is well received outside China.
7．A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one ________ (advertise) as lost in the local paper.
8．He is actually a productive sculptor, and he is ________ (current) working on an artistic work.
9．He has supported the local exhibition ________ (faithful) for 30 years.
10．I would appreciate ________ if you could take my application into consideration.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．你能告诉我你的叔叔是否很快就要去日本吗？
________________________________________________________________________
your uncle is leaving for Japan soon
2．我想知道你是否能和我一起走回家。
________________________________________________________________________
walk home with me.
3．请问能否给我们一个更好的价格？
________________________________________________________________________
give us a better price
4．过去的几个月我一直在收集关于音乐的信息。
________________________ information about music for the past few months.
5．最后，我想问一下你未来的计划。
Lastly, ________________________ ask about your future plans.
Section E Writing Workshop, ViewingWorkshop & Reading Clubs 1～2
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．youth 2.madam 3.best－selling
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．advertisement 2.youth 3.documentary 4.currently
5．acceptable 6.appreciation 7.faithful; faithfully
8．expressive 9.artistic 10.extensive; extensively
11．symbolism 12.sculptor 13.admiration 14.permission
15．martial
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．一封正式的电子邮件 2.学校网站上的广告 3.询问更多信息 4.正式/非正式 5.参加比赛 6.喜欢 7.体育纪录片 8.申请做某事 9.以及，还 10.同时 11.第一印象 12.给……起个名字 13.变得生动
1．school film club 2.martial arts 3.school music competition 4.the style of the email 5.make music videos 6.in addition 7.look forward to 8.hear from 9.address sb. properly 10.in the same way
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．①acceptable ②acceptance ③to ④It is acceptable
2．①for ②advertisements ③for ④for ⑤advertised; heavily
3．①coming ②appreciation ③in ④it ⑤appreciative
⑥being given ⑦appreciate his works ⑧in appreciation of
⑨I would appreciate it
4．①faithfully ②to ③in ④faithful ⑤has been faithful to
5．①admiration ②for ③is admired ④admirable
⑤have great admiration for
⑥admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes
6．①permits ②a ③to go ④eating ⑤to take ⑥without
⑦With your permission ⑧without permission
⑨If weather permits/Weather permitting
⑩do not permit smoking
7．①while ②while ③while others haven't enough
④While (we were) carrying out a survey
8．①messy ②in ③up ④of ⑤a ⑥into ⑦What a mess
第二版块|重要短语
1．①of ②grown ③of ④on ⑤have grown fond of each other
⑥was fond of drawing
2．①becoming ②to ③up ④on
3．①variety ②of ③A variety of/Varieties of/Various resources
4．①of ②ranging in age from 8 to 24
5．①longer ②more ③is no longer
6．①to deal ②of ③to ④to make
⑤to win/of winning honour for themselves
⑥the opportunity to join sports teams
7．①on ②on ③into ④on
⑤have a strong effect/influence/impact on
⑥come into effect
第三版块|典型句式
1．①what ②how ③where ④when to come
2．①does ②but ③am
④Not only do we go to school on time
3．①that ②It ③People say that he has moved to Chicago.
④It's said that he has moved to Chicago.
⑤He is said to have moved to Chicago.
⑥It is agreed that ⑦to be studying in Australia
4．①have been pouring ②has been working
③has been hunting ④has been looking for the book
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．symbolism 2.sculptors 3.youth 4.best selling
5．documentary 6.Contest 7.Individuals 8.appreciate
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．make a mess 2.are fond of 3.without permission
4．apply to be 5.have great admiration for
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．acceptable 2.admiration 3.improving 4.appreciation 5.permission 6.that 7.advertised 8.currently
9．faithfully 10.it
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．Could you tell me if
2．I wonder if you could
3．Would it be possible to
4．I've been collecting
5．I would like toSection D Lesson 3 A Musical Genius
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ n. 奋斗vi 奋斗，拼搏
2．____________ n. 单音，音调，音符vt. 记录
3．____________ n. 主管；负责v. 收费；控告；起诉
4．____________ vt. 标志着；预示n. 标识
5．____________ n. 乐谱；比分；成绩
6．____________ n. 天才
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．minor adj.(音乐)小调的；小的；不很重要的→________ n．少数
2．compose vt.作(曲)；构成，写作→________ n．作曲家
3．piano n．钢琴→________ n．钢琴家；钢琴弹奏者
4．respond vi. & vt.回应，回复→________ n．回应，回复
5．conduct v．指挥→________ n．指挥
6．hesitate vi.犹豫；踌躇→________ n．犹豫；踌躇
7．joy n．高兴；欢乐→________ adj.欢乐的，令人愉快的
8．broad adj.宽阔的；广博的→________ v．使变宽；使变阔
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
A 写出下列短语的汉意
1．conduct orchestras ____________
2．compose music ____________
3．face a challenge ____________
4．a musical genius ____________
5．be regarded as ____________
6．including sth. (＝sth. included) ____________
7．proceed with ____________
8．be added to ____________
9．at the bottom of ____________
10．for the first time ____________
11．stand by one's side ____________
12．jump to one's feet ____________
13．(be) buried in ____________
14．with a broad smile ____________
15．in the most effective way ____________
B 写出下列汉语所对应的英文短语
1．________________ 在……的历史进程中
2．________________ 在某人二十几岁时
3．________________ 放弃；交出
4．________________ 终于，最后
5．________________ 某人与……的斗争
6．________________ 毕竟；终究
7．________________ 即使；虽然(引导让步状语从句)
8．________________ 毫不犹豫做某事，尽管做某事
9．________________ 负责
10．________________ 跳来跳去(about在此为副词)
Ⅰ.课文思维导图
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage
A．Beethoven quit composing after he lost his hearing.
B．Beethoven was not famous for his skills on the piano in his twenties.
C.Beethoven completed more than 130 musical works all through his life.
D．Beethoven composed nine symphonies before he lost his hearing.
2．When was Beethoven born
A．In 1824. B．In 1770.
C．In 1827. D．In 1836.
3．Which of the following words can describe Beethoven's feeling before his Symphony No. 9 in D minor was first performed
A.Worried. B．Delighted.
C．Disappointed. D．Puzzled.
4．Who took charge of the orchestra with Beethoven
A.Caroline Unger.
B．Michael Umlauf.
C．The director of the theatre.
D．The composer of the symphony.
5．Why was the audience so shocked at Beethoven's performance
A．They didn't know Beethoven could compose such a great work.
B．Beethoven didn't know when to stop his conduct.
C．The symphony was composed by a person who had lost hearing.
D．Beethoven was so excited during the performance.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Beethoven 1.________ (regard) as one of the greatest composers in the history of music. 2.________ (inspire)by his struggles with deafness，he composed some 3.________ (amaze) pieces. He proceeded with the 4.________ (compose) until his death, 5.________ (write) more than 130 musical works.
In February 1824, Beethoven's ninth symphony was finally completed, and he 6.________ (proud) signed his name at the bottom of the page.
Before the performance, Beethoven 7.________ (feel) that the performance would be a disaster. The audience applauded loudly 8.________ he walked onto the stage. Beethoven together 9.________ Michael Umlauf took charge of the orchestra and the performance proved to be 10.________ success.
[词汇注释]
①genius/'d i ni s/n.天才
②symphony/'s mf ni/n.
交响乐，交响曲
③minor/'ma n /adj.(音乐)小调的；小的；不很重要的
④composer/k m'p z /n.
作曲家
⑤be regarded as
被认为是；被看作是
⑥in the history of
在……的历史进程中
⑦in one's twenties
在某人二十几岁时
in his twenties/thirties...在他二十几/三十几……岁时
⑧piano/pi' n /n.钢琴
play the piano弹钢琴
⑨give up放弃；交出
⑩in the end终于，最后
continue to do sth.
＝continue doing sth.
继续做某事
struggle/'str ɡ l/n.奋斗；vi.奋斗，拼搏
one's struggle with/against某人与……的斗争
struggle to do sth.尽力做某事；挣扎着做某事
including sth.＝sth. included包括某物
proceed/pr 'si d/vi.继续进行
proceed with继续进行
note/n t/n.单音，音调，音符
be added to
被加入，被加到……上
add...to...
把……增添到……上
score/sk /n.乐谱；比分；成绩
at the bottom of
在……的底部
at the top of
在……的顶端
respond/r 'sp nd/vi. & vt.回应，回复
后常接介词to表示“对……作出回应”。
for the first time首次；第一次(用作状语)
backstage/ b k'ste d /
adj.后台的
tense/tens/adj.紧张的；焦虑不安的
a tense atmosphere
紧张的气氛
after all毕竟；终究
conductor/k n'd kt /n.
指挥
even if/though即使；虽然(引导让步状语从句)
not hesitate to do sth.
毫不犹豫做某事，尽管做某事
hesitate/'hez te t/vi.
犹豫；踌躇
take charge of负责
charge/t ɑ d /n.
主管；负责
jump about跳来跳去(about在此为副词)
stand by one's side站在某人身边
joyous/'d s/adj.欢乐的，令人愉快的
to one's joy使某人高兴的是；使某人快乐的是
signal/'s ɡn l/vt.标志着；预示；n.标识
jump to one's feet跳起来
(be) buried in埋头于……，专心于……
broad smile满面的笑容
broad/br d/adj.宽阔的；广博的
compose/k m'p z/vt. 作(曲)；构成；写作,
[教材原文]
Everyone knows that Ludwig van Beethoven is a musical genius① but few might know how he created Symphony② No. 9 in D minor③ and how its first show went.
Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer④. He is regarded as⑤ one of the greatest composers in the history of⑥ music. In his twenties⑦， he had been very famous for his skills on the piano⑧， but then he began to lose his hearing. Beethoven thought about giving up⑨， but in the end⑩ he continued to write music. Inspired by his struggles with deafness, the composer produced some amazing pieces, including nine symphonies, five piano pieces, and an opera! He proceeded with the composition until his death in 1827, writing more than 130 musical works, including his Symphony No. 9 in D minor.
One day in February 1824, at his little house in Vienna, Austria, Ludwig van Beethoven sat back in his chair and smiled. The famous German composer's ninth symphony was finally completed. Writing the piece had taken several years, and now the final notes had been added to the score . At 54 years of age, he didn't know that this would be his last symphony. As he proudly signed his name at the bottom of the page, Beethoven tried to imagine how people would respond when they heard it for the first time .
Before the performance, the backstage atmosphere at a very famous theatre in Vienna was tense . Beethoven was afraid that the performance would be a disaster. After all , what use is a conductor who could not hear his orchestra—even if he is a musical genius
The audience did not hesitate to applaud loudly as the famous composer walked out onto the stage for the first time in 12 years. The theatre's musical director, Michael Umlauf, joined him and together the two men took charge of the orchestra. For more than an hour, Beethoven jumped about in front of the orchestra, waving his arms wildly in the air, and madly turning the pages of his score. The whole time, Umlauf stood quietly by his side , skilfully guiding the orchestra through the most amazing piece of music the world had ever known 【1】．
【1】句中the world had ever known是定语从句，先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，定语从句的关系词用that不用which，此处省略了在从句中作宾语的that。skilfully guiding the orchestra...是现在分词短语作伴随状语。
As the final, joyous note signalled the end of the symphony, the audience jumped to their feet , clapping, cheering and waving their hats. But Beethoven continued conducting, his head buried in the score 【2】. It was not until Caroline Unger, one of the singers, took his arm and turned him to face the audience that the great man realised his symphony was a success 【3】．
【2】句中his head buried in the score是独立主格结构，在句中作状语。
【3】该句是强调句型，强调时间状语从句not until...audience, not和until不能分开。one of the singers是Caroline Unger的同位语；his symphony was a success是宾语从句。
Later, Caroline remembered that Beethoven was not the only one who got a surprise 【4】. “The audience was shocked as well，” she said with a broad smile . “Most of them had no idea that he was deaf! The one person in the room who didn't hear the symphony—and never would—was the very man who composed it 【5】．”
【4】句中that引导宾语从句，其中含有who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the only one。
【5】句中含有两个who引导的定语从句，分别修饰各自前面的the one person和the very man。, 后来，卡洛琳回忆到不光贝多芬感到惊讶。“观众也感到震惊，”她带着满面的笑容(broad smile)说道。“大多数观众都不知道他已经失聪！剧院里唯一没有听到并且永远也不会听到这部交响乐的那个人竟然是它的创作(compose)者。”
[汉语译文]
大家都知道路德维希·凡·贝多芬是一个音乐天才(genius)，但或许很少有人知道《D小调(minor)第九交响曲(symphony)》的创作过程以及这部交响曲首演的故事。
路德维希·凡·贝多芬是德国作曲家(composer)。他被认为是音乐史上最伟大的作曲家之一。二十多岁时，他就因高超的钢琴(piano)技巧而闻名，但后来开始逐渐失聪。贝多芬想过放弃，但最后还是继续进行音乐创作。这位作曲家在与耳聋抗争( struggle)中受到启发，创作了一些令人惊叹的作品，包括九部交响曲、五首钢琴曲和一部歌剧！直到1827年去世，贝多芬才停止创作(proceed继续进行)。他一共写了130多部音乐作品，其中包括《D小调第九交响曲》。
1824年2月的一天，在奥地利维也纳的小房子里，路德维希·凡·贝多芬坐在椅子上直起身笑了起来。这位著名的德国作曲家的第九交响曲终于完成了。创作这部交响曲花了他几年的时间，现在乐谱(score)中最后的音符(note)终于写完。这时贝多芬54岁，他并不知道这将是他的最后一部交响曲。贝多芬自豪地在页面底部署上名字，同时努力想象人们第一次听到它时会有什么反应(respond)。
演出前，在维也纳一个非常著名的剧院里，后台的(backstage)气氛非常紧张(tense)。贝多芬担心这场演出将会是一场灾难。毕竟，一个听不到自己的管弦乐队的指挥(conductor)，即使他是一个音乐天才，能有什么用呢？
当这位著名作曲家12年来第一次走上舞台时，观众毫不犹豫地(not hesitate to do sth.)热烈鼓起掌来。剧院音乐指挥迈克尔·奥姆洛夫也走上台和他一起指挥(take charge of)乐队。在一个多小时的时间里，贝多芬在乐队前跳来跳去，在空中忘情地挥舞着手臂，疯狂地翻动乐谱。而奥姆洛夫一直安静地站在他身边，巧妙地指挥管弦乐队演奏这首世界上有史以来最神奇的音乐作品。
最后，交响乐在欢快的(joyous)音符中结束(signal标志着)，观众都跳了起来，鼓掌，欢呼，挥舞着他们的帽子。但贝多芬埋头于乐谱，继续指挥。直到其中一位歌手卡洛琳·昂格尔拉着他的手臂，让他转身面对观众，这位伟人才意识到他的交响乐取得了成功。
第一版块|核心单词
1)genius n．(某领域的)天才；天资；天赋；(特别的)才能，本领)
(教材原句)A MUSICAL GENIUS一个音乐天才
a writer of genius 天才作家
a work of genius 天才之作
a musical/comic/mathematical genius 音乐/喜剧/数学天才
Einstein was not only a genius；he was a courageous and kind figure loved by many people.爱因斯坦不仅是个天才，他还是一个受到许多人爱戴的勇敢、善良的人。
From the age of three, she showed signs of a musical genius.
从三岁起，她就显示出音乐天才的迹象。
[拓展] be a genius at (doing) sth.是(做)某事的天才
have a genius for (doing) sth.有(做)某事的天赋
My brother is a genius at working out the complicated maths problems.
我弟弟是解复杂数学题的天才。
He has a genius for languages.他有语言天赋。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①My father is a genius ________ storytelling.
②He has a genius ________ making people feel at home.
完成句子
③He ________________________ (有一种……的本领) organising people.
④______________________ (天才是百分之一的灵感) and ninety nine percent perspiration.
2)struggle n．奋斗 vi.奋斗，拼搏；努力；斗争，打斗；吃力地进行)
struggle against 与……作斗争
struggle for 为……而斗争
struggle with 与……并肩作战/作斗争
struggle through 奋力通过
struggle to do sth. 努力做某事
struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来
He said that whatever happened, he would see the struggle through.
他说不论发生什么事，他都要奋斗到底。
He has been struggling against illness for years.
他已经与病魔斗争了很多年。
Most animals have to struggle for existence in a dangerous world.大多数动物得在一个充满危险的世界里为生存而斗争。
The shopkeeper struggled with the thief.店主与小偷搏斗。
All the people in the world must struggle through the epidemic situation.全世界人民都必须与这种流行病作斗争。
He struggled to catch up with other competitors in this race.
他努力赶上这场赛跑中的其他竞争者。
The wrestler struggled to his feet.
这个摔跤运动员挣扎着站了起来。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①John struggled ________ (pass) his final examination.
②The dog struggled fiercely ________ the wild cat.
③In the old days we had to struggle ________ our daily bread.
④The workers have been struggling ________ bad conditions for too long.
⑤The two sisters struggled ________ the snowstorm.
⑥It was ________ struggle for her to make him understand.
完成句子
⑦A foreign language is a weapon in __________________________(人生奋斗).
⑧The wounded young man __________________________(挣扎着站了起来).
3)proceed vi.继续进行)
(教材原句)He proceeded with the composition until his death in 1827, writing more than 130 musical works, including his Symphony No.9 in D minor.直到1827年去世，贝多芬才停止创作。他一共写了130多部音乐作品，其中包括《D小调第九交响曲》。
proceed with 继续进行
proceed to do sth. 继续做某事
Let's proceed with our work.我们接着干吧。
Can you proceed to answer the next question
你能继续回答下一个问题吗？
They will proceed to build another laboratory building.
他们将继续建造另一座实验大楼。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Never mind the interruption; proceed ________ your story.
②After everyone was seated, the chairman proceeded ________ (announce) his plan.
③We're not sure whether we still want to proceed ________ the sale.
完成句子
④As soon as he came in, he __________________ (接着告诉了我们) all his troubles.
4)respond vi. & vt.回应，回复 response n．反应，回应；回答，答复)
respond to 对……作出回应
respond quickly/slowly 迅速/缓慢回应
respond to the news 对消息作出反应
respond with 用……回应；以……回答
respond by/via 通过……回应
in response to 对……的回应
make no response to 对……没作回应
He tried to be amusing, but I didn't respond.
他努力逗我笑，可我一点儿反应都没有。
The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings.房主打电话说，爸爸妈妈对录音作出了回应。
You can respond via/by email or phone.
你可以通过电子邮件或电话答复。
He responded with a smile when she spoke.
她说话时他报以一笑。
There was no response.没有回应。
I'm writing in response to the letter you wrote to me yesterday.昨天收到你的来信，我写此信作为回复。
They made no response to our call for help, which disappointed us all.他们对我们的求助没作回应，这使我们都很失望。
[比较] respond常用作不及物动词，后接宾语时，要加介词to，这与reply的用法是一致的。而answer后直接接宾语。
Please reply to the question. ＝ Please answer the question.
请回答这个问题。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①You can rely on him to respond ________ a challenge.
②We phoned them many times to ask for help, but they made no ________ (respond).
③These comments came ________ response to specific questions often asked by local newsmen.
④We were greatly encouraged by the positive ________ (respond) of the public.
⑤He made no ________ (respond) to my question, and went on with his movie.
完成句子
⑥Not everyone acts the same ______________________(对……的反应) events.
⑦Unless we listen we can't know __________________(如何回答).
5)tense adj.紧张的；焦虑不安的；绷紧的；拉紧的 n．(动词的)时态)
(教材原句)Before the performance, the backstage atmosphere at a very famous theatre in Vienna was tense.演出前，在维也纳一个非常著名的剧院里，后台的气氛非常紧张。
look/sound tense 看上去/听起来紧张
become/get tense 变得紧张
be tense about 因……紧张
the tense atmosphere/situation/moment 紧张的气氛/形势/时刻
The atmosphere in the meeting was very tense.
会议的气氛非常紧张。
A bath can relax tense muscles.泡个澡能使紧绷的肌肉放松。
I cannot play the piano like I used to—my fingers have gone tense through lack of practice.
我不能像过去那样弹钢琴了——我的手指因缺乏练习变得生硬了。
She sounded tense and angry.她的声音听起来又急又气。
The atmosphere in the meeting was getting more and more tense.会议的气氛变得越来越紧张。
You have to use the past tense.你得使用过去时。
[拓展] tension n．紧张，紧张状态；拉力，张力
Laughing has actually been shown to relieve tension and stress.事实证明，大笑能够缓解焦虑和压力。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The ________ (tense) between the two countries is likely to remain.
完成句子
②A mother __________________ (感到不安) when her baby is ill.
③If ________________________(这条绳子的拉力) is increased, it will break.
④____________________ (为了缓解紧张的气氛), he told a joke before his speech.
⑤Do you know how to ______________________ (构成过去时)
6)hesitate vi.犹豫；踌躇 hesitation n．犹豫；踌躇)
(教材原句)The audience did not hesitate to applaud loudly as the famous composer walked out onto the stage for the first time in 12 years.当这位著名的作曲家12年来第一次走上舞台时，观众们毫不犹豫地热烈鼓起掌来。
hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事
don't/never hesitate to do sth. 毫不犹豫做某事
hesitate about/over (doing) sth. 对(做)某事犹豫不决
hesitate about/over＋疑问词/whether＋不定式 对……犹豫不决
with hesitation 犹豫不决地
without hesitation 毫不犹豫地
have no hesitation in doing sth. 毫不犹豫地做某事
Facing the direction of life, he hesitated to make a choice.
面对着人生方向，他犹豫地做出选择。
He did not hesitate to ask her to sit beside him.
他毫不犹豫地让她坐在他的身边。
I hesitated about whether to accept the invitation.
我对是否接受邀请犹豫不决。
Most of us meet new friends and new ideas with hesitation.
我们大多数人在遇到新朋友、新想法时，都会犹豫。
The great majority of players would, of course, sign the contract without hesitation.绝大多数运动员当然会毫不犹豫地签这份合同。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He's still hesitating ________ joining the expedition.
②Weak as he seemed, he went straight into the sea ________ hesitation.
③After some ________ (hesitate) he came out with the truth.
④Don't hesitate ________ (ask) others for help when you're in difficulty.
⑤Now, according to the laws, courts must accept cases without ________ (hesitate) if litigants (诉讼当事人) provide enough material.
完成句子
⑥If you need further information, ______________________ (尽管向我寻求帮助).
7)charge n．主管；负责；费用；指挥；指控 v．收费，要价；把……记在账上；控告，指挥；充电)
(教材原句)The theatre's musical director, Michael Umlauf, joined him and together the two men took charge of the orchestra.
剧院音乐指挥迈克尔·奥姆洛夫也走上台和他一起指挥乐队。
(1)take charge of 负责，掌管(短语动词)
in charge of 负责，掌管(短语介词)
in the charge of (＝ in one's charge) 由……负责/掌管
charge (v.) sb. with ( doing ) sth. 指控某人(做)某事
bring a charge against sb. 指控某人
on(the) charge of 被指控有……罪
(2)free of charge 免费
a charge for... ……的收费
pay a charge 支付费用
make a charge 收取费用
charge sb. some money for sth.
因某事向某人收取一些费用
charge one's bills to sb.'s account
把自己的账单记在某人的账上
charge the battery 给电池充电
As a group leader, you should take charge.
你身为组长，应当负起责任来。
We have to make a small charge for refreshments.
我们得收取少量茶点费。
He was arrested on the charge of theft.他因被指控偷盗而被逮捕。
At first she tried to take charge of the meeting but I soon put her in her place.起初她试图主持会议，但我很快就把她轰下来了。
The nurse is in charge of the patients.
这位护士负责照顾这些病人。
The job is in the charge of an experienced mechanic.
这项工作由一位有经验的机械师负责。
Please charge these bills to my account.
请把这些账单记在我的账上。
He forgot to charge the battery. 他忘记给电池充电了。
The suspect was charged with murdering his wife.
嫌疑犯被指控谋杀他的妻子。
[易错提醒] in charge of与in the charge of的区别：无the表主动，有the表被动。
相同结构的短语：
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The leaflet is available free ________ charge from post offices.
②He was nominally ________ charge of the company.
③Our class was in ________ charge of Miss Wang.
④She has been charged ________ the attempted murder of her husband.
⑤How much do you charge ________ a haircut and blow dry
完成句子
⑥Tickets are available ______________________ (免费的) from the school.
⑦When I used his telephone, he ______________________ (没有向我收费).
⑧Who will be ________________________ (管理) the department when Sophie leaves
⑨Do you know if Linda will ________________________ (负责) the programme？
8)signal v．标志着；预示；发信号；示意 n．标识；信号，暗号)
(教材原句)As the final, joyous note signalled the end of the symphony, the audience jumped to their feet, clapping, cheering and waving their hats.最后，交响乐在欢快的音符中结束，观众都跳了起来，鼓掌，欢呼，挥舞着他们的帽子。
signal sth. to sb. 向某人发出……信号
signal (to) sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事
send out a signal 发出信号
receive/pick up a signal 接收信号
A bell signals the end of a school period.
铃声标志着学校里一节课的结束。
You must signal which way you are going to turn.
你要朝哪个方向转，必须发出信号。
She signalled to Ted that she was moving forward.
她向特德示意她要向前走。
He signalled a message to his brother.
他用信号向他哥哥发信息。
Her speech yesterday is a signal that her view has changed.
她昨天的讲话标志着她的观点已经转变。
Chest pains can be a warning signal of heart problems.
胸部疼痛可能是心脏病的先兆。
[搭配记忆] a danger/warning signal危险/警告信号
an alarm signal报警信号
traffic signals交通信号
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The old man signalled ________ me to join him.
②The policeman signalled the traffic ________ (move) forward slowly.
③He waited a moment, closed his eyes and then ________ (signal) the conductor to begin again.
④The purchase price could also be ________ signal that an established company is buying a new born threat.
⑤The conductor signalled the orchestra ________ (rise).
完成句子
⑥We couldn't locate the source of ________________________ (无线电信号).
⑦The machine is out of order, so it can't ______________________ (接收信号).
9)compose vt.作(曲)；构成；写作；使平静 composer n．作曲家 composition n．创作；作文；构成)
(教材原句)The one person in the room who didn't hear the symphony—and never would—was the very man who composed it.剧院里唯一没有听到并且永远也不会听到这部交响乐的那个人竟然是它的创作者。
compose/write music 作曲
compose/write a song 写歌
compose a letter/poem/speech 写信/诗/演讲稿
be composed of 由……组成/构成
compose oneself 使自己平静下来
a classical composer 古典音乐作曲家
a composition by Mozart 莫扎特的音乐作品
revise a composition 修改作文
She began to compose songs at an early age.
她在很小的时候就开始创作歌曲。
Ten people compose the group.这个小组由十个人构成。
The committee was composed of professors and engineers.
委员会由教授和工程师组成。
The scene moved him to compose a poem.他触景生情，赋诗一首。
John Lennon and Paul McCartney were named composers of the year.约翰·列侬和保罗·麦卡特尼被评为年度作曲家。
Mozart's compositions are undoubtedly among the world's greatest.莫扎特的作品无疑位列世界上最伟大的作品之中。
[说明] “由……组成/构成”的其他表达：consist of, be made up of。
水由氢与氧化合而成。
Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.
＝Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen.
＝Water is made up of hydrogen and oxygen.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Around 15% of our diet ________ (compose) of protein.
②It was the fortieth anniversary of the death of the ________ (compose).
③He played a piece of music of his own ________ (compose).
④Mozart ________ (compose) his last opera shortly before he died.
⑤Exchange your ________ (composition) and correct them.
一句多译
这支医疗队由11名成员组成。
⑥The medical team ______________________________ 11 members.
⑦The medical team ______________________________ 11 members.
⑧The medical team ______________________________ 11 members.
第二版块|重要短语
1)be regarded as被认为是；被看作是)
(教材原句)He is regarded as one of the greatest composers in the history of music.他被认为是音乐史上最伟大的作曲家之一。
regard sb./sth. (to be)/as... 认为……是……
be widely regarded as... 被广泛认为是……
regard...as... 把……视为……
have high regard for 非常敬重……
hold sb./sth. in high regard 非常敬重……
give one's regards to 代某人向……问候
with/in regard to sth. 关于某事；对于某事
as regards 关于，至于，就……而论，在……方面
Mountains are regarded as spiritual places by many cultures.
在许多文化中，山被视为精神寄托地。
I regard Henry as my best friend.
我认为亨利是我最好的朋友。
People are used to regarding the dove as a symbol of peace.
人们习惯把鸽子看作是和平的象征。
Give my regards to your parents.
代我向你的父母问好。
Regarding air pollution, we still have a long way to go.
关于空气污染，我们还有很长的路要走。
[拓展] regard vt.①敬重；看重；②对待；看待；认为；③注视；凝视；④注意 n．尊敬；敬重；(pl.)致意，问候
regarding prep.关于；至于
“把……视为……”的其他表达：
view...as... see...as...
consider...as... look on...as...
think of...as...
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, is ________ (regard) as one of the best all round forms of exercise.
②________ (regard)judgement: The Internet has made me smarter in matters small and large.
③Population and the environment should not be regarded ________ two separate issues.
完成句子
④The giant panda ____________________ (被认为是) the symbol of peace.
2)in one's twenties在某人二十几岁时)
(教材原句)In his twenties, he had been very famous for his skills on the piano...二十多岁时，他就因高超的钢琴技巧而闻名……
She was a good looking woman in her twenties.
她二十多岁的时候长得非常好看。
[用法归纳] in one's twenties/thirties/forties...指的是在某人20—29/30—39/40—49等阶段中的某一年，但不知道是这些阶段中的哪一年。
in one's early/late twenties...指的是在某人二十几岁的头几年/后几年(也就是“二十岁出头”/“二十大几”)
The closest, a heavy set, dark haired man in his early twenties, seemed to be the one who had spoken.离我最近的那个二十岁出头的敦实黑发男人似乎就是刚刚说话的那个人。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He encountered his best friend in his ________ (twenty).
②I gradually fell in love with Beijing Opera in ________ (I) forties.
完成句子
③The woman gave birth to two cute babies ____________________(在她三十岁出头时).
3)after all毕竟，别忘了；终究，还是)
(教材原句)After all, what use is a conductor who could not hear his orchestra—even if he is a musical genius
毕竟，一个听不到自己的管弦乐队的指挥，即使他是音乐天才，能有什么用呢？
I don't know why you're so concerned—it isn't your problem after all.我不明白你为什么这么担心，毕竟这不是你的问题。
He wrote to say they couldn't give me a job after all.
他写信说他们还是不能给我一份工作。
[归纳拓展] above all尤其，最重要的是(强调重要性)
first of all首先，第一(强调顺序)
(not) at all一点儿也(不)，完全(不)
all in all总的来说，总而言之
in all总共，合计
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①You shouldn't have scolded the boy ________ all, for he is a child ________ all. __________ all, he made only two mistakes ________ all in his composition.
完成句子
②Never waste anything, and ______________________ (最重要的是), never waste time.
③____________________ (首先), let me introduce my friend.
4)give up放弃；把……交给(或让出))
give up easily 轻易放弃
give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
give up smoking 戒烟
give up one's job 放弃某人的工作
give up one's seat to sb. 给某人让座
give sth. up to sb. 把……交给某人/让给某人
give up one's life to sth. 献身于……
Decide what you want and then don't give up until you've achieved it.一旦决定想要得到什么，就不要放弃，直到你得到它。
Nepal's King was forced to give up his rule and was given 15 days to leave his palace.
尼泊尔国王被迫放弃其统治并被限期15天搬出皇宫。
[易错提示] (1)give up无被动语态形式，后接名词、动名词，不能接不定式；
(2)give up既可作及物动词短语，也可作不及物动词短语。人称代词作宾语时，要放在give与up中间。
[相关拓展]
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He gave ________ as little information as possible.
②The scientist gave himself up ________ the study of cancer.
③No mother wants to give ________ her children ________ someone else's care.
④If you catch the thief, will you give him ________ ________ the police
完成句子
⑤“我放弃了再次找到戒指的希望，”她说。
“I ____________________ hope of finding my ring again，” she says.
⑥我看不出有什么理由放弃工作。
I don't see any reason to ________________ work.
⑦起初罗伯特不让他的女儿去潜水，但最终他让步了，因为她对自己的技术很有信心。
At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving, but eventually he ____________________ as she was so confident about her skills.
第三版块|典型句式
1)even if即使；虽然(＝even though)(引导让步状语从句))
Even if it rains in the afternoon, I will go downtown with you.
即使下午有雨，我也和你一起去市中心。
I felt that it would be a victory for us even if we lost the game.
我觉得即使我们输了这场比赛，对我们来说也是一场胜利。
[说明] 从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生时，从句用陈述语气；从句表示的情况是不真实的或有极小的可能性发生或存在时，从句用虚拟语气。
And, even if I weren't excited enough about free credits, news about our instructor was appealing enough to me.
而且，即使我对免费学分不够兴奋，关于我们导师的消息也足够吸引我。
[比较] as if/though意为“似乎，好像”，引导表语从句或方式状语从句。
It looks as if it's going to rain.
天看起来好像要下雨。(从句用陈述语气)
The child talked to us as if he were a grown up.
那个小孩跟我们讲话就像个大人一样。(从句用虚拟语气)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Even ________ he suffered from a lot of difficulties, he never gave in.
②Even ________ I fail this time, I will try again.
③It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me ________ if I had done it
完成句子
④It looks __________________ (好像) it might snow.
⑤My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, ________________(尽管他90多岁了).
2)as引导时间状语从句)
(教材原句)As he proudly signed his name at the bottom of the page, Beethoven tried to imagine how people would respond when they heard it for the first time. 贝多芬自豪地在页面底部署上名字，同时努力想象人们第一次听到它时会有什么反应。
We sang as we walked.我们边走边唱。
(as此时意为“当……时；随着”，强调主从句的动作同时发生或同时进行)
As she grew older she gained in confidence.
随着年龄的增长，她的信心增强了。
[句式分析] as引导从句的情况：
(1)随着，当……时→引导时间状语从句
(2)因为→引导原因状语从句
(3)虽然；即使→引导让步状语从句(需将as后面的表语、状语或谓语提到前面，构成倒装句)
(4)按照……的方式→引导方式状语从句
(5)正如，如同→引导定语从句
I saw Tom as I was getting off the bus.
我下公共汽车的时候看见了汤姆。(时间状语从句)
As you were out, I left a message.
因为你不在，所以我留了一张字条儿。(原因状语从句)
Try as he might (＝However hard he tried), he couldn't open the door.他想尽了办法也没能打开门。(让步状语从句)
They did as I had asked.
他们是按照我的要求做的。(方式状语从句)
As you know, Julia is leaving soon.
你是知道的，朱莉娅马上要离开了。(非限定性定语从句)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ time went by, I was made smaller.
②Tired ________ he was, the general stayed up late.
③I have changed it ________ you suggested.
完成句子
④The guide told us his adventures in the Arctic __________________(我们一边走着).
⑤I was watching the clock all through the meeting, ______________________(因为我要赶火车).
⑥Then there was a roar from the crowd, like an explosion, ________________________(当乐队的第一个成员走上舞台时).
(3)过去分词（短语）作状语
(教材原句)Inspired by his struggles with deafness, the composer produced some amazing pieces, including nine symphonies, five piano pieces, and an opera!
这位作曲家在与耳聋抗争中受到启发，创作了一些令人惊叹的作品，包括九部交响曲、五首钢琴曲和一部歌剧！
[句式分析] (1)过去分词(短语)在句中作状语可以表示时间、条件、方式或伴随、让步、原因等。
Seen from space, the earth looks like a blue ball, with about 71% of its surface covered with water.(表时间；＝when it is seen from...)
从太空看，地球像一个蓝色的球体，大约71%的表面被水覆盖。
Given more attention, the fire could have been avoided.
如果多加注意，这场火灾本来是可以避免的。(表条件)
He stood there silently, moved to tears.
他静静地站在那里，感动得流下了眼泪。(表伴随)
Left alone at home, Jane didn't feel afraid at all.
虽然被单独留在家里，但简一点儿也不感到害怕。(表让步)
Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.
孩子们被这个故事深深地打动，开始哭起来。(表原因)
(2)过去分词(短语)作状语，前面可以带有相应的连词(词组)，如when, until, once，though，although，as if, as though，if，unless等，表时间、让步、方式、条件等。
Though warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.尽管被警告有危险，他还是去薄冰上溜冰了。
If accepted for the job, you'll be informed soon.
如果被录用从事这份工作，你很快就会得到通知。
(3)分词(短语)作状语，句子主语跟过去分词(短语)之间存在被动关系，跟现在分词(短语)之间存在主动关系，试比较：
Seriously injured, he had to be taken to the hospital.
他受了重伤，不得不被送往医院。(被动关系)
Looking out of the window, I saw some students sweeping up the bits of paper.
我向窗外望去，看见一些学生在清扫那些碎纸片。(主动关系)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①When ________ (ask) to choose his “buddies” , Simon picked out a panda and soon after was sleeping through the night.
②Steve arrived and sat in the front row, ________ (surround) by his family.
③The Internet, ________ (use) correctly, can help people get more information.
④________ (order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.
⑤________ (absorb) in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.
完成句子
⑥Some people against tollbooths argue that roads, ______________________(一旦建成), should be free.
⑦________________________ (被这样对待), you're sure to feel hurt.
⑧Write down the sort of thing you would like to do, ______________________(如果有机会).
⑨I prefer studying independently, thus ________________________(锻炼了我的能力) to analyse tough problems.
4)It is/was not until...that...强调句型)
(教材原句)It was not until Caroline Unger, one of the singers, took his arm and turned him to face the audience that the great man realised his symphony was a success.直到其中一名歌手卡洛琳·昂格尔拉着他的手臂，让他转身面对观众，这位伟人才意识到他的交响乐取得了成功。
It was not until he got seriously ill that he knew the importance of health.直到他生了重病他才知道健康的重要性。
[句式分析] (1)陈述句的强调句型：
It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分．
该句型可强调主语、宾语、状语等，但不能强调谓语。
It was the clown doctor that/who entertained the little crying patient in the children's hospital. (强调主语)
It was the little crying patient that/who the clown doctor entertained in the children's hospital. (强调宾语)
It was in the children's hospital that the clown doctor entertained the little crying patient. (强调地点状语)
(2)一般疑问句的强调句型：
Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分？
Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping？他是昨天遇见的李平吗？
(3)特殊疑问句的强调句型：
疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋其他部分？
When and where was it that you were born
你是在何时何地出生的？
[特别提醒] (1)构成强调句型的it不能用其他词代替。
(2)用is还是was要根据原句的时态确定：属于现在或将来时间范畴的时态用is；属于过去时间范畴的时态用was。
(3)被强调部分指人时，可以用who代替that，其他情况用that。
(4)判断句子是不是强调句型的方法：去掉it is/was与that/who，剩余部分若结构完整、句意明确，则为强调句型，否则就不是。
(5)当强调一个含有“not...until...”句型的句子时，应使用固定句式“It is/ was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分．”。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century ________ his musical gift was fully recognised.
②It is the sick old man ________ is in need of help.
③________ is the young doctor who is examining her eyes.
④________ was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbours.
翻译句子
⑤正是那个医生让病人们高兴起来了。(强调主语)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
⑥父母关心的是孩子们的安全。(强调宾语)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
⑦他们的儿子是在游乐场走失的。(强调地点状语)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
判断以下句子是不是强调句型
⑧It is exciting that we finish this project. ( )
⑨It was my mother that you met in the street yesterday. ( )
5)独立主格结构)
(教材原句)But Beethoven continued conducting, his head buried in the score.但贝多芬埋头于乐谱，继续指挥。
[句式分析] 句中his head buried in the score是独立主格结构，在句中作伴随状语。
[归纳拓展] (1)构成：名词/代词＋现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语等。
(2)句法功能：在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随等。
(3)特点：
·独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同。
·当名词/代词与动词之间是主动关系时，用现在分词；当名词/代词与动词之间是被动关系时，用过去分词；当表示将来的动作时，用不定式。
·可放在句首或句末，多用逗号将其与句子其他成分隔开。
An important lecture to be given tomorrow, he has to stay up late into the night.
因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，他不得不熬夜到很晚。(表将来动作)
An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive.
那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。(表示结果)
The meeting over, they all went home.
会议一结束，他们就都回家了。(表示时间)
Weather permitting, we'll go swimming in the river.
天气允许的话，我们将去河里游泳。(条件)
[特别提醒] 在表示方式的独立主格结构中，为了使语言表达简练、明快，往往将独立主格结构中的冠词或物主代词省略。
Our teacher came in, (a) book in (his) hand.我们老师进来了，(他)手里拿着一本书。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The party will be held in the garden, weather ________ (permit).
②The girl ________ (stare) at him, he didn't know what to say.
③A lot of homework ________ (write), I'll have no time to play football today.
④Much time ________ (spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
⑤My work ________ (finish) ahead of time, I went out to kick football earlier than usual.
完成句子
⑥____________________ (放学了)，we all went out home.
⑦She threw her clothes on in a hurry, __________________ (里面朝外).
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．She has a good voice but has trouble hitting the high ________ (音调).
2．In any case, who can afford two ________ (钢琴)
3．The police officer gave us the ________ (信号) to stop.
4．You have the opportunity of taking ________ (宽阔的) roads or narrow roads.
5．Four aspects ________ (构成) the main contents of this paper.
6．She has a ________ (天赋) for music and can compose a piece of music in a few minutes.
7．The movie is about a man's ________ (奋斗) to become a conductor.
8．After answering the phone, he would ________ (继续) to tell me of my birth.
9．Tom, let me look at the ________ (乐谱) you have composed recently.
10．We have made some ________ (小的) changes to the program.
Ⅱ.短语填空
after all, proceed with, be regarded as, respond to, for the first time, give up, jump to one's feet, take charge of, not hesitate to (do sth.), a broad smile
1．Dave didn't ____________ any of her emails.
2．He stood by the piano, eyes closed, listening ____________ to his own work being performed by someone else.
3．The competition of science, ____________， is the competition for talented people.
4．“I can handle stress mentally” ____________ a positive statement in the world of work.
5．Seeing that there was no hope for their team, they ____________ the struggle.
6．I appreciate this plan. Let's ____________ it.
7．Owens came in and ____________ the situation.
8．He ____________ when they called his name in admiration.
9．The clown doctor greeted us with a wave and ____________.
10．The Mullers ____________ give their phone number to the staff and told them to phone anytime.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．He ________ (struggle) to explain what he heard in his head.
2．________ the first time in my life, I actually felt cool.
3．...China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot where it could send ________ (signal) to the spacecraft and to Earth.
4．If we go on a trip abroad, we can ________ (broad) our view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.
5．Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom's Cabin while ________ (cook).
6．Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful ________ (note) during class.
7．I walked over and asked him why he wasn't with the other children. He ________ (hesitate) and then said he had decided not to run.
8．It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ________ we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
9．We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of what it used ________ (charge).
10．How did President Lincoln first respond ________ Vinnie's request
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．晚饭后，张磊继续做家庭作业，埋头读书。
After supper, Zhang Lei continued to do his homework, ____________________________．
2．直到读了你的信，我才知道事情的实际情形。
It was ____________________________________ I knew the true state of affairs.
3．或者也许你是唯一对听球赛感兴趣的人。
Or perhaps you are the only one ______________ interested in listening to the ball game.
4．受此启发，我决定实现我的梦想，尽管我的一些家人和我的医生反对。
________________， I decided to realise my dream, even though some of my family members and my doctor were against it.
5．我的小儿子在机场见到了阔别很久的妈妈，在空中挥舞着他的小手。
My little son saw his mother who had been away for a long time at the airport, __________________________________________．
Section D Lesson 3 A Musical Genius
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．struggle 2.note 3.charge 4.signal 5.score 6.genius
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．minority 2.composer 3.pianist 4.response
5．conductor 6.hesitation 7.joyous 8.broaden
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．指挥管弦乐队 2.作曲 3.面临挑战 4.一个音乐天才 5.被认为是；被看作是 6.包括某物 7.继续进行 8.被加入，被加到……上 9.在……的底部 10.首次；第一次(用作状语) 11.站在某人身边 12.跳起来 13.埋头于……，专心于…… 14.带着满面的笑容 15.以最有效的方式
1．in the history of 2.in one's twenties 3.give up
4．in the end 5.one's struggle with/against 6.after all
7．even if/though 8.not hesitate to do sth. 9.take charge of
10．jump about
课文研析·语篇理解
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．C 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.C
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
1．is regarded 2.Inspired 3.amazing 4.composition
5．writing 6.proudly 7.felt 8.as/when 9.with 10.a
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．①at ②for ③has a genius for
④Genius is one percent inspiration
2．①to pass ②against/with ③for ④against/with
⑤through ⑥a ⑦the struggle of life
⑧struggled to his feet
3．①with ②to announce ③with ④proceeded to tell us
4．①to ②response ③in ④response ⑤response
⑥in response to ⑦how to respond
5．①tension ②feels tense ③the tension of this rope
④To ease the tense atmosphere ⑤form the past tense
6．①about/over ②without ③hesitation ④to ask
⑤hesitation ⑥don't hesitate to ask me for help
7．①of ②in ③the ④with ⑤for ⑥free of charge
⑦charged me nothing ⑧in charge of ⑨take charge of
8．①to ②to move ③signalled ④a ⑤to rise
⑥the radio signal ⑦receive/pick up the signal
9．①is composed ②composer ③composition ④composed
⑤compositions ⑥consists of ⑦is made up of
⑧is composed of
第二版块|重要短语
1．①regarded ②Regarding ③as ④is regarded as
2．①twenties ②my ③in her early thirties
3．①at; after; Above; in ②above all ③First of all
4．①away ②to ③up; to ④up to ⑤gave up ⑥give up
⑦gave in
第三版块|典型句式
1．①if/though ②if/though ③as ④as if/though
⑤even if/though he's in his nineties
2．①As ②as ③as ④as we went along
⑤as I had a train to catch
⑥as the first member of the band stepped onto the stage
3．①asked ②surrounded ③used ④Ordered ⑤Absorbed
⑥once built ⑦Treated this way ⑧given the opportunity
⑨practising my ability
4．①that ②that/who ③It ④It
⑤It was the doctor that/who cheered the patients up.
⑥It is the children's safety that the parents are concerned about.
⑦It was in the amusement park that their son got lost.
⑧不是 ⑨是
5．①permitting ②staring ③to write/to be written
④spent ⑤finished ⑥School over ⑦inside out
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．notes 2.pianos 3.signal 4.broad 5.compose
6．genius 7.struggle 8.proceed 9.score 10.minor
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．respond to 2.for the first time 3.after all
4．is regarded as 5.gave up 6.proceed with
7．took charge of 8.jumped to his feet 9.a broad smile
10．didn't hesitate to
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．struggled 2.For 3.signals 4.broaden 5.cooking
6．notes 7.hesitated 8.that 9.to charge 10.to
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．his head buried in the book
2．not until I had read your letter that
3．that/who is
4．Inspired by this
5．waving his little hands in the air单元语法专项(2)——构词法
英语构词法主要有三种：派生法、合成法和转化法。
一、派生法◎
在一个词根的前面或后面加上某个词缀生成一个新词，这种构词法称为派生法。加在前面的词缀叫前缀，加在后面的词缀叫后缀。
1．前缀
前缀一般只改变词的意义，不改变词性。(但前缀en 除外)
(1)表示否定意义的前缀
前缀 例词
un unfit不合适的 unlike不像 unlimited无限制的 uncertainty无把握
dis dislike不喜欢 disagree不同意 disappear消失 dishonesty不诚实
in /im / ir /il incomplete不完全的 impossible不可能的 irregular不规则的 illegal不合法的
non non smoker不抽烟者 non stop不停的 non violence非暴力政策
mis misunderstand误解 misuse误用 misread误解；读错 misfortune不幸
(2)表示其他意义的前缀
前缀 含义 例词
a ……的 asleep睡着的 alive活着的
en 使 enrich使丰富 enlarge使扩大
inter 互相 international国际的 Internet因特网
re 再，又，重 recycle再循环 rebuild重建
tele 远程的 television电视 telescope望远镜
auto 自动 automatic自动的 autodial自动拨号
co 共同 co worker同事 cooperate合作
anti 反对，防止 antibody抗体 antifreeze防冻剂
multi 多 multicultural多元文化的 multichannel多频道的
kilo 千 kilogram千克 kilometre千米
2.后缀
后缀通常可以改变词性，构成意思相近的其他词性的词，少数后缀会改变词义。
(1)形容词后缀
后缀 含义 例词
able 可……的， 能……的 acceptable可接受的 movable可移动的
al 属于……的，具 有……性质的 cultural文化的 magical有魔力的
an 属于某地的， ……人的 Asian亚洲(人)的 American美国(人)的
en 由……制作的 wooden木制的 woolen羊毛(制)的
ern ……方向的 eastern东方的 western西方的
ese 某国(人)的 Chinese中国(人)的 Japanese日本(人)的
ful 充满……的 harmful有害的 respectful恭敬的
less 没有……的 useless无用的 hopeless绝望的
ic/ ical 与……有关 的，……的 historic历史的 typical典型的
ish 如……的 childish孩子气的 foolish愚蠢的
ive 有……性质的， 有……倾向的 impressive给人深刻印象的 protective保护的
ous 有……特性的 dangerous危险的 mountainous多山的；山一般的
ly 有……性质的 friendly友好的 likely可能的
y 有……特性的， 充满……的 dusty积满灰尘的 wealthy富有的
(2)动词后缀
后缀 例词
fy/ ify simplify简化 classify将……分类
(e)n shorten缩短 widen加宽
ize/ ise realize/realise实现 apologize/apologise道歉
(3)副词后缀
后缀 含义 例词
ly ……地 personally就个人而言；亲自 totally完全地
ward(s) 表示“方向” forward(s)向前 westward(s)向西
(4)名词后缀
后缀 含义 例词
er 人 designer设计师 programmer程序员
or 人 sailor水手 actor演员
ist 人 specialist专家 artist艺术家
ess 女性，雌性 actress女演员 lioness母狮
ful 充满……的量 handful一把 mouthful一口
ment 状态，结果 excitement兴奋，刺激 achievement成就
ness 状态，性质 sickness疾病 kindness仁慈，好意
ion/ tion/ ation/ sion 状态，行为 election选举 production生产；制造 explanation解释；说明 admission允许进入
th 性质，状态，过程 warmth温暖 strength强项；力量
an/ ian 人 musician音乐家 physician医生
ism ……主义；行业 optimism乐观；乐观主义 tourism旅游业
ship 情况，状态， 性质；身份， 职业；技能 relationship关系 citizenship公民权利 leadership领导才能
y 状态，性质 difficulty困难 honesty诚实
hood 时期；状态；身份 childhood童年 motherhood母亲身份
(5)数词后缀
后缀 例词
teen fourteen十四 eighteen十八
ty forty四十 eighty八十
th fourth第四 eighth第八
二、合成法◎
把两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词，这种构词法叫合成法，由合成法构成的词叫合成词。
1．合成名词的主要构成方法
(1)n.＋n.
suitcase手提箱 earthquake地震
mankind人类 eggplant茄子
(2)adj.＋n.
greenhouse温室 highway公路
shorthand速记 blackboard黑板
(3)v.＋n.
scarecrow稻草人 breakwater防波堤
pickpocket扒手 playground操场
(4)n.＋v.
sunshine阳光 daybreak破晓
sunrise日出 haircut理发
(5)n.＋v. ing
sightseeing观光 handwriting书法
(6)v. ing＋n.
dining car餐车 waiting room候诊室
(7)adv.＋n.
inland内陆 overcoat大衣
(8)v.＋adv.
get together联欢会 breakdown破裂
(9)adv.＋v.
outbreak爆发 output产量
downfall垮台 income收入
(10)pron.＋n.
he goat公山羊 she wolf母狼
(11)其他方式
well being健康 grown up大人
brother in law姐/妹夫 go between中间人
commander in chief总司令 passer by路人
2．合成动词的主要构成方法
(1)n.＋v.
sunbathe沐日光浴 sleepwalk梦游
(2)adv.＋v.
download下载 undergo经历
(3)adj.＋v.
whitewash粉饰 blacklist列入黑名单
3．合成形容词的主要构成方法
(1)adj.＋n. ed
noble minded高尚的 good tempered脾气好的
(2)adj.＋v. ing
good looking好看的 easy going随和的
(3)adv.＋v. ing
hard working勤劳的 far reaching影响深远的
(4)n.＋v. ing
peace loving热爱和平的 epoch making划时代的
(5)n.＋过去分词
state owned国营的 sunburnt晒黑的
(6)adv.＋过去分词
well known著名的 widespread广泛流传的
(7)adj./adv.＋n.
full time全职的 high class高级的
downtown市区的
(8)n.＋adj.
ice cold冰冷的 airsick晕机的
(9)num.＋n.
million pound百万英镑的 first class头等的
(10)num.＋n.＋adj.
eight year old八岁的 five metre long五米长的
(11)num.＋n. ed
three legged三条腿的 ten storeyed十层的
(12)其他方式
overall全部的 face to face面对面的
all round全面的 happy go lucky无忧无虑的
4．合成副词的主要构成方法
(1)adj. ＋n. hotfoot匆忙地
(2)adv.＋adv. however然而
(3)prep.＋n. overnight在晚上；一夜之间
(4)prep.＋adv. forever永远
5．合成介词的主要构成方法
(1)adv.＋n. outside在……外面
(2)prep.＋adv. within在……之内
【名师点拨】
合成词的量很大，有时一个词可以用于合成许多合成词。
handbag手提包 handshake握手
handwriting书法 handkerchief手绢
即学即练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．This proceeding was only possible with the ________ (introduce) of electric powered engines and lifts.
2．Don't ________ (understand) me. What I really mean is that he is a genius and can deal with each situation well.
3．My dad, George, only had an eighth grade ________ (educate).
4．Leslie Nielsen's devotion to acting is wonderfully ________ (inspire).
5．The house has a ________ (fair) big living room.
6．It's never too early to make professional preparations for a healthy and ________ (meaning) college experience.
7．Her abilities are fully appreciated. It's ________ (wonder).
8．A group of children will perform ________ (tradition) dances.
9．The university hopes to ________ (strength) its ties with the local community.
10．Running is cheap, effective and it's always ________ (energy).
Ⅱ.语法填空
Young people often have 1.________ (difficult) selecting the right kind of job. However, for Susan Thomas, a woman to rise 2.________ (successful) through the ranks to become Chief Constable, it was 3.________ (possible) to consider doing anything else. Her 4.________ (educate) was different. She changed schools 11 times! But it made her have the 5.________ (able) to adapt to different situations.
After university, she joined in a police 6.________ (promote) program. She realised later what a great 7.________ (achieve) it was to pass the exam. Before the exam, she received some training. The training was 8.________ (exhaust). The job itself is 9.________ (hard) than most people imagine. Susan works ten hours a day. But she is 10.________ (convince) that her choice of career is the right one.
单元语法专项(2)——构词法
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．introduction 2.misunderstand 3.education 4.inspiring
5．fairly 6.meaningful 7.wonderful 8.traditional
9．strengthen 10.energetic
Ⅱ.语法填空
1．difficulty 2.successfully 3.impossible 4.education
5．ability 6.promotion 7.achievement 8.exhausting
9．harder 10.convinced
