Section D Lesson 3 The Secrets of Your Memory
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．________________ n. 直升机
2．________________ n. 曲线，弧线
3．________________ n. 细胞
4．________________ n. (0～9的任何一个)数字
5．________________ n. 材料；资料；原料
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．arrange v．安排→________ n．计划；安排
2．child n．儿童→________ n．童年，儿童时代
3．emotion n．情感→________ adj.情感上的；情绪上的
4．excite v．(使)兴奋，(使)激动→________ n．兴奋，激动
5．photograph n．照片→________ adj.详细准确的；照片的；摄影的
6．digit n．(0～9的任何一个)数字→________ adj.数码的；数字式的
7．sharp adj.急剧的，猛烈的；尖的，锋利的→________ adv.急剧地；猛烈地；尖刻地；严厉地
8．time n．时间→________ adj.适时的，及时的
9．period n．一段时间；时期→________ adj.定期的→________ adv.定期地
10．memorise vt.记住，熟记→________ n．记忆
11．technique n．技巧，手法→________ adj.技术的；技巧的
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
A 写出下面短语的汉意
1．facts and arrangements ________________
2．emotional connections ________________
3．strong feelings of fear or excitement ________________
4．again and again ________________
5．as a result ________________
6．be curious about... ________________
7．help with memorisation ________________
8．effective technique ________________
9．publish a book ________________
10．a forgetting curve ________________
11．the sharpest loss of memory ________________
12．timely review ________________
13．brain cells ________________
14．make the statement convincing ________________
15．signal words ________________
B 写出下列汉语所对应的英文短语
1．________________ 有照相记忆能力
2．________________ 圆周率位数
3．________________ 在直升机里
4．________________ 擅长
5．________________ 在有限的时间内
6．________________ 集中于
7．________________ 定期复习材料
8．________________ 放轻松
9．________________ 谈及；就……而言
10．________________ 充分利用；很好地使用
11．________________ 热情洋溢地；狂热地
12．________________ 倾向于/往往会做某事
Ⅰ.课文思维导图
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．Which of the following statements can't account for the reason why we can remember events in our childhood
A．We remember things that have strong emotional connections.
B.We often have strong feelings the first time we experience things.
C．We retell events to fix experiences in our memories.
D．The brainpower in one's childhood is stronger than that in the youth.
2．According to the passage, how can we memorise detailed learning materials
a．focus on important ideas
b．be curious about what we learn
c．learn important information by heart in the morning
d．ask questions about what we learn
e．group similar ideas or information
A．abd B．abde
C．bcde D．bce
3．What implication does the forgetting curve give us
A.We should recite as much as possible in the early morning.
B．We should review what we've learnt as much as possible.
C．We should review the material periodically.
D．We should wait to review everything before exams.
4．At what age does our memory reach its full power
A．16. B. 25. C. 40. D. 20.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
We can remember events in our childhood 1.________ when we experience things for the first time, we often have strong feelings of fear or 2.________ (excite). Also, interesting or funny stories from our childhood are often told again and again. As 3.________ result, we remember them much better. Up to now, no one 4.________ (prove) that there are people who really have photographic memories. When 5.________ (memorise) detailed learning materials, we need to focus 6.________ the important ideas. Another 7.________ (effect) technique is to group similar ideas or information. 8.________ (prevent) us from the loss of memory, one golden rule is to review the material 9.________ (period). Our memory reaches its full power at the age of 25 and lose 10，000 brain cells every day by the age of 40. By middle age, our memory is significantly 10.________ (bad) than when we were young.
[词汇注释]
①childhood/'t a ldh d/n.童年，儿童时代
※in one's childhood
在某人的童年时代
②emotional/ 'm n l/
adj.情感上的；情绪上的
③for the first time
第一次
④excitement/ k'sa tm nt/
n．兴奋，激动
※to one's excitement
令某人兴奋的是
in excitement兴奋地
a sense of excitement兴奋感
⑤again and again
再三地，反复地
⑥as a result结果
※as a result of由于……的结果
⑦photographic
/ f t 'gr f k/adj.详细准确的；照片的；摄影的
⑧digit/'d d t/n.(0～9的任何一个)数字
⑨pi(π)/pa /n.圆周率
⑩helicopter/'hel k pt /
n．直升机
be good at擅长
for a limited time
在有限的时间内
memorisation
/ mem ra 'ze n/n.记忆
technique/tek'ni k/n.
技巧，手法
publish/'p bl /vt. & vi.出版；发表；刊登
curve/k v/n.曲线，弧线
according to据……所示，按……所说
sharp/ ɑ p/adj.急剧的，猛烈的；尖的，锋利的
※sharpen v．(使)变锋利；(使)提高
timely/'ta mli/
adj.适时的，及时的
※timely review及时的复习
significantly adv.极大地；显著地；明显地
periodically/ p ri' d kli/
adv.定期地
※review...periodically定期复习……
cell/sel/n.细胞
take it easy放轻松
at a good age
处于尚佳的年龄
make good use of...
充分利用……,
[教材原文]
Memory expert Jemima Gryaznov answers some of the most common questions about memory.
1 Why can I remember events in my childhood① but not what happened last week
We remember things that have strong connections in our mind，especially emotional② connections. Childhood memories are often very emotional. This is because when we experience things for the first time③， we often have strong feelings of fear or excitement④. Also, interesting or funny stories from our childhood are often told again and again⑤. As a result⑥， we remember them much better, as retelling events helps fix experiences in our memories.
What can we learn from all this When remembering something new, try to connect it to our emotions. It is important to connect it with what we already know. Also, we can try to retell what we have learnt to a few others.
2 Do some people really have a photographic⑦ memory
※This is because...这是因为……。because引导表语从句；when引导时间状语从句。
A person with a photographic memory could remember every detail of a picture, a book or an event many years later, but no one has proved that there are people who really have photographic memories. Yet, there are some people who do have amazing memories. For example, Daniel Tammet can remember the first 22，514 digits⑧ of pi(π)⑨ and Stephen Wiltshire can draw a detailed picture of a city from memory after flying over it in a helicopter⑩. They are both good at remembering particular things for a limited time .
As most of us do not have amazing memories like them, when memorising detailed learning materials, we simply need to focus on the important ideas and be curious about what we learn. Asking questions about what we learn also helps with memorisation . Another effective technique to remember things is to group similar ideas or information together so that they can be easily connected to things that are already known.
3 Why do I forget the new words that I learnt yesterday
Don't worry. This is natural for many people. In 1885, Hermann Ebbinghaus published a book called Memory and presented a famous forgetting curve . According to him, the sharpest loss of memory occurs during the very early period after learning. This means timely review during this period, with a few revisits to what is learnt, can significantly help us to remember the information.
Therefore, one of the golden rules to increase how much we remember is to review the material periodically , especially during the first day after learning. This “spaced review” soon after learning helps build stronger memories and it is more effective than waiting to review everything before exams.
▲The Forgetting Curve,
4 I'm 16, but I sometimes forget things. Is my memory getting worse
Definitely not. Our memory reaches its full power at the age of 25. At that point, we can remember up to 200 pieces of information in a second. After this age, however, the brain starts to get smaller. By the age of 40, we lose 10，000 brain cells every day. By middle age, our memory is significantly worse than when we were young.
So take it easy . You are at a good age in terms of your memory. Make good use of it！,
[汉语译文]
记忆专家杰迈玛·格里耶兹诺夫回答了一些关于记忆的最常见的问题。
1为什么我记得童年时期(childhood)的一些事却不记得上周发生的事情？
我们会记住头脑中有较强关联的事情，特别是情感(emotional)联系。童年记忆往往非常感性。这是因为我们第一次经历事情时，常常会产生强烈的恐惧感或者兴奋(excitement)感。除此之外，我们童年时代有趣或好笑的故事总是讲了又讲。重述事件能加强我们对事件的印象，因此(as a result)，我们能更好地记住这些经历。
我们从中可以得到什么启发？要记住新内容，试着把内容和情感建立联系。把新内容和已有知识建立联系也很重要。同时，还可以试着把新学的内容讲述给另外的人。
2真的有人有照相(photographic)记忆能力吗？
拥有照相记忆能力的人多年后仍然可以记住某一张图片、某一本书或某一事件的每一个细节，但没有人能证明真有哪个人有照相记忆能力。然而，的确有些人记忆力惊人。例如，丹尼尔·塔梅可以记住圆周率(pi)的前22 514位数(digit)，而斯蒂芬·威尔夏可以坐直升机(helicopter)俯瞰一个城市后凭记忆画出这个城市的详细图片。他们都善于在有限的时间内记住特定的事物。
大多数人并不具有像他们那样惊人的记忆力，因此我们在记忆内容详尽的学习材料时，只要把注意力放到概要方面，并对所学内容保持好奇。对所学内容提出问题也能帮助记忆(memorisation)。另外一个有效的记忆方法(technique)是给相似的内容或信息分类，这样这些内容更容易与已有知识建立联系。
3为什么我会忘记昨天学的生词？
别担心。这对许多人来说是很正常的。1885年，赫尔曼·艾宾浩斯出版(publish)了一本叫《关于记忆》的书，提出了著名的遗忘曲线(curve)。根据他的说法，最显著的(sharp)遗忘出现在学习之后的最初阶段。这意味着在这一阶段及时(timely)复习，多次回顾所学内容，可以明显地帮助我们记住这些内容。
因此，提升我们记忆效果的一个重要原则是经常(periodically定期地)复习，特别是在学完之后的第一天。这种学习后立即进行“定时复习”有助于提升记忆，而且比等到考试前再复习全部内容有效得多。
4我16岁，但有时会忘记事情。我的记忆力是在变差吗？
当然不是。我们的记忆力在25岁时达到顶峰。在那时，我们可以在一秒钟内记住多达200条信息。然而，此后大脑就开始变小。到了40岁，我们每天会损失10 000个脑细胞(cell)。到了中年，我们的记忆力会明显比年轻的时候差。
所以不要紧张(take it easy)。你正处在记忆力尚佳的年龄，要充分利用这一点！
第一版块|核心单词
1)arrangement n．计划；安排；布置；约定)
make arrangements/an arrangement 做好安排
arrive at/come to an arrangement 谈妥，达成协议
This arrangement is quite satisfactory, so far as I am concerned.就我来说，这样的安排很令人满意。
They made an arrangement to meet at the school gate at 3 pm.他们约定下午三点钟在校门口见面。
We can come to an arrangement over the price.
我们可以就价格问题达成一项协议。
You must arrange these books in alphabetical order.
你必须把这些书按字母顺序排好。
I could arrange to meet with you any day next week.
我可以安排在下周的任何一天和你见一面。
If you can arrange the tourist destinations for me, I will be very grateful.
如果你能为我计划一下旅游目的地，我将不胜感激。
The teacher arranged for him to do homework in the laboratory.老师安排他在实验室做家庭作业。
[拓展] arrange v．整理，排列；计划；安排
arrange for sth.安排某事
arrange to do sth.安排做某事
arrange sth. for sb.为某人安排某事
arrange for sb. to do sth.安排某人做某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We've just arrived here. Can you arrange a car ________ us
②Nancy had come ________ an arrangement with me about that.
③The leadership has arranged ________ him to attend the meeting.
④I arranged ________ (meet) them at 10 o'clock tomorrow morning.
⑤I wonder if we could make ________ arrangement to meet sometime next week.
⑥Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that ________ (arrange) is more stable over the long term.
完成句子
⑦Parents __________________________________ (为他们的孩子安排好一切) and spare no effort to pave the way for their success.
2)excitement n．兴奋，激动)
in excitement 兴奋地
with excitement 怀着激动的心情
to one's excitement 令某人兴奋的是
be full of/filled with excitement 满怀激动
hide one's excitement 掩饰某人的激动
be trembling with excitement 激动得发抖
The boys were running in excitement.男孩们兴奋地跑着。
His eyes were wild with excitement.
他眼中流露出极度兴奋的神情。
Tom won first prize in the singing competition, much to our excitement.
令我们兴奋不已的是汤姆在歌唱比赛中获得了一等奖。
The children were full of excitement at the thought of their coming holiday.想到假期即将来临，孩子们十分激动。
[拓展]
excite vt.使兴奋；使激动→exciting adj.令人兴奋的；使人激动的→excited adj.感到兴奋的；激动的
I was excited about the possibility of playing football again.想到有可能再次踢足球，我很兴奋。
[说明]
exciting表性质，常修饰物；excited表状态，常修饰人以及人的声音、表情等。
the most exciting film最激动人心的电影
the excited fans情绪激动的粉丝
speak in an excited voice用激动的嗓音说
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ our excitement, we won the battle against the enemies.
②As Children's Day neared, the children became more and more ________ (excite).
③He opened the door and ran out ________ great excitement.
④It's an attitude that turns the job into something more interesting and ________ (excite).
⑤Since then, whenever I visited my grandmother's house, I would rush to the kitchen for the stinky tofu ________ excitement.
⑥The sense of ________ (excite) and tension levels rise suddenly though, so does your heart rate, as you move closer to them.
完成句子
⑦On hearing ________________________________ (这个令人激动的消息) that they had won the match, they shouted for joy ________________________ (用激动的声音).
3)publish vt. & vi.出版；发表；刊登；公布 publishing n．发行业；出版业 publisher n．出版者；出版社；发行人)
(教材原句)In 1885, Hermann Ebbinghaus published a book called Memory and presented a famous forgetting curve.
1885年，赫尔曼·艾宾浩斯出版了一本叫《关于记忆》的书，提出了著名的遗忘曲线。
publish the first edition 发行第一版
publish reference books 出版工具书
publish readers' letters 刊登读者来信
publish the latest unemployment figures
公布最新的失业数据
publish a novel 发表小说
publish to the world 公布于众
the publishing house 出版社
publish in English 用英语出版
publish under one's real name 用真名发表
Oxford University Press will publish a new magazine.
牛津大学出版社将发行一本新杂志。
The news of their marriage was not published until three months later.他们结婚的消息三个月后才公开。
The publishing house introduced a series of books to the public.那家出版社向公众推出了一套丛书。
It is illegal to reproduce these worksheets without permission from the publisher.
未经出版者许可翻印这些活页练习题是违法的。
[说明] publish可作及物动词，用于被动语态。come out是不及物短语动词，不能用于被动语态。
[拓展]
publication n．出版；刊登；公布
for publication为了出版
the publication date出版日期
the publication of his first novel
他第一部小说的出版
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He's spoken to a ________ (publish) firm. They're going to take him on.
②The dictionary is out of date: many new words have been added to the language since it ________ (publish).
③The ________ (publish) gathered to discuss how to reduce costs.
完成句子
④His findings ____________________ (发表了) in the authoritative journal Nature.
⑤____________________ (在1964年出版), it's his classic memoir of 1920s.
⑥She used to be a teacher, but now she __________________ (供职于出版业).
4)sharp adj.急剧的，猛烈的；尖的，锋利的；清晰的；敏锐的；尖刻的)
(教材原句)According to him, the sharpest loss of memory occurs during the very early period after learning.
根据他的说法，最显著的遗忘出现在学习之后的最初阶段。
be sharp with... 对……(言语)刻薄
a sharp increase/fall 急剧增加/减少
a sharp pain 一阵剧痛
a sharp knife 锋利的刀
a sharp outline 清晰的轮廓
have sharp eyes 有敏锐的眼睛
a journalist with a sharp mind 一位头脑敏锐的新闻记者
There had been a sharp rise in the patient's temperature during the night.夜间这位病人的体温曾急剧上升。
We'll need a sharp knife to cut the beefsteak.
我们需要一把锋利的刀来切牛排。
If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, you'll have no trouble answering these questions.
如果你的意识足够敏锐，你回答这些问题就不会有困难。
[拓展]
sharply adv.急剧地；严厉地；锐利地
sharpen vt.使尖锐，磨快
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The guard stopped his humming and turned his head ________ (sharp).
②My pencil is blunt. Could you lend me a knife to ________ (sharp) it
完成句子
③He is a journalist with ____________________________ (极其敏锐的头脑).
④Nowadays, there is ______________ (急剧增加) in children's creativity, for they are greatly encouraged to develop their talents.
⑤House prices ________________ (急剧上涨) over the last decade.
5)provide vt.提供；供应)
(教材原句)What suggestions would you provide for each of the four questions discussed
你会对所讨论的四个问题中的每一个提出什么建议？
provide sth. for sb.＝provide sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物
Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.
晨练不仅能保持身体健康，还能给我们带来其他的好处。
Community schools provide good quality education for children.社区学校为孩子们提供高质量的教育。
The job will provide me with a good chance to show my talent.这份工作将为我提供展示自己才华的好机会。
[拓展]
She offered me a reward for the return of her lost mobile phone.她给了我酬金以答谢我寻回她丢失的手机。
The butcher supplies us with meat.这名肉贩给我们供应肉。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The Red Cross provides food and shelter ________ disaster victims.
②The project is designed to provide young people ________ work.
③The media supplies lots of information ________ us every day.
④A kind person will offer his seat________ the old.
完成句子
⑤The bank ________________________ (提供贷款给) students and makes sure everybody has a chance to continue study.
第二版块|重要短语
1)as a result作为结果)
(教材原句)As a result, we remember them much better, as retelling events helps fix experiences in our memories.
重述事件能加强我们对事件的印象，因此，我们能更好地记住这些经历。
as a result of... 由于；作为……的结果
result from 由于；源自
result in 造成；导致
The state produced 2.8 billion pounds of cheese last year! As a result, there was a lot of leftover cheese brine.
该州去年生产了28亿磅奶酪！结果，有很多剩下的奶酪盐水。
Her hair started falling out as a result of radiation treatment.她的头发因放射治疗而开始掉落。
Let us hope that peace will result from our talks.
但愿我们的会谈会带来和平。
Stress and tiredness often result in a lack of concentration.紧张和疲劳常导致精神不集中。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①As a result ________ the serious flood, two thirds of the buildings in the area need repairing.
②The air in the factory is seriously polluted. If breathed in, it may result ________ illness or even death.
③As ________ result, they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first.
④The mistakes result ________ the misunderstanding between the two sides.
2)be curious about对……感到好奇)
(教材原句)．..we simply need to focus on the important ideas and be curious about what we learn.
……我们只要把注意力放到重要的观点上，并对所学内容保持好奇。
be curious to do sth. 好奇做某事
It is curious that... 很奇怪……
They were curious to know where he'd gone.
他们很想知道他去了哪里。
It is curious that she left without saying goodbye.
很奇怪，她不辞而别了。
In high school, I became curious about the computer, and then built my first website.
上中学时，我对电脑感到好奇，之后便创建了自己的第一个网站。
[词语积累]
curiosity n．好奇心；奇物；珍品
curiously adv.好奇地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①As a child, he is curious ________ everything.
②I am curious ________ (explore) this cave in the mountains.
③It is curious ________ he gave up the famous university.
④The museum is full of historical ________ (curious).
完成句子
⑤It is good to ____________________ (对……感到好奇) the world around you.
3)take it easy放轻松；不要紧张；别烦恼，不要生气)
(教材原句)So take it easy.所以不要紧张。
take one's time 别着急，慢慢来
take...seriously 重视，对……严肃对待
take...for granted 认为……理所当然
take...as/for... 把……当作……
Please take it easy. There will be several courses to come.
别担心，还有几道菜呢。
When considering a big decision, take your time and apply a few of the steps above.
当考虑重大决定时，不要急躁，使用上面的一些步骤。
Scientists and doctors have begun to take seriously the risk of depression in children.
科学家和医生已经开始认真对待儿童的抑郁风险。
We take having an endless supply of water for granted.
我们想当然地认为水的供应是无穷无尽的。
The company's silence on the subject has been taken as an admission of guilt.
公司在这个问题上保持沉默便是承认有罪。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①From his manners of speaking, I took him ________ a gentleman.
②The doctor told me to take ________ easy for a few weeks.
③I just took it ________ granted that he'd always be around.
④We should take this problem ________ (serious), or it will affect our whole project.
完成句子
⑤________________________________ (别紧张). Let me have a look. Oh, it's nothing serious.
4)in terms of根据，依照；谈及；就……而言，在……方面)
(教材原句)You are at a good age in terms of your memory.
你正处在记忆力尚佳的年龄。
describe/measure/evaluate sth. in terms of...
根据……描述/衡量/评价……
think of everything in terms of money
从金钱的角度考虑一切
The job is great in terms of salary, but it has its disadvantages.
就薪金而言，这个工作倒是挺不错的，但也有一些不利之处。
He thinks of everything in terms of money.
他从金钱的角度来考虑一切。
[拓展归纳]
in general terms笼统地讲
in relative terms相对来说
in cultural/economic/financial terms从文化/经济/财政角度来讲
be on good/bad terms (with sb.)(与某人)关系好/不好
in the long/short term长期/短期内
I was on good terms with everyone in the football team.
我与足球队里的每个人关系都很好。
In the long term, it is good for children to learn artificial intelligence.
从长远来看，孩子学习人工智能是有好处的。
[语境助记]
I am on bad terms with him.
我跟他交情不好。
I am on speaking terms with him.
我跟他交谈很投机。
I am on visiting terms with him.
我跟他往来很融洽。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated in terms ________ overall quality.
②When entering a new school, you should be on good terms ________ the new teachers and students.
完成句子
③____________________ (短期来看), the investment income of the project is small.
④____________________ (就……而言) mileage, new energy vehicles are very good now.
5)make good/full use of很好地使用/充分利用)
(教材原句)Make good use of it！要充分利用这一点！
make good use of your time to do sth.
好好利用你的时间做某事
make full use of the opportunity 充分利用这个机会
He advised his grandma that she should make good use of her spare time.他建议他的祖母充分利用闲暇时光。
[说明]
若把make use of的宾语变为主语，则为．..be made use of。
若把use提前作主语，常与what连用构成句式：What use...be made of sth.。
若把use提前作先行词，其他部分变为定语从句。
[归纳拓展]
近义：take full advantage of
make the best of
make the most of
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Farmers are making use ________ their spare time to loosen the soil.
②Your time should ________ (make) good use of in the senior high school.
完成句子
③I will ____________________ (充分利用) my spare time in order to enrich my vocabulary.
6)compare...with...把……与……作比较(用于比较))
(教材原句)Compare your suggestions with the expert's suggestions.将你的建议与专家的建议进行比较。
compared with/to 作状语，表示“与……相比”。
compare notes with that professor 与那位教授交换意见
do(es)n't/can't compare with 不能和……相比
compare...to... 把……比作……(可用于比喻)
Our work can be compared to a battle.
我们的工作好比一场战斗。
His new house is like a huge palace, compared with/to his old one.与旧房子比起来，他的新房子像一座大宫殿。
By/In comparison with last year, the price of beef has increased.与去年相比，牛肉的价格上涨了。
Our professional service promises you a wedding beyond compare.我们的专业服务保证为您办一个无与伦比的婚礼。
It is all beyond comparison.它是无可比拟的。
Let me make a comparison directly between the United States of America and Vietnam.
现在我们对比一下美国和越南。
[拓展]
comparison n．比较；对比
by/in comparison with与……相比
make a comparison作比较
beyond compare/comparison无与伦比/无可比拟
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ (compare) with his sister, he is even more sensitive to emotional and relationship problems.
②________ (compare) Chinese with English, I think English is more difficult.
③________ comparison with Yellow River, Yangtze River is longer.
④Young people are often compared ________ the rising sun.
完成句子
⑤Film has a much shorter history, especially when ________________ (与……相比) such art forms as music and painting.
⑥I ________________________ (作比较) between the two dresses and found that neither of them suited me.
第三版块|典型句式
1)This/That is because...这/那是因为……(because引导表语从句) 说明：because引导的表语从句强调原因，常用于句式It/That/This is because...，译为“那/这是因为……”。)
(教材原句)This is because when we experience things for the first time, we often have strong feelings of fear or excitement.这是因为我们第一次经历事情时，常常会产生强烈的恐惧感或者兴奋感。
From space, the earth looks blue. This is because about seventy one percent of its surface is covered by water.
从太空看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为它表面大约71%的面积被水覆盖。
[归纳拓展]
This/That is why...这/那就是为什么……(why引导表语从句，后跟结果)
The reason is that...原因是……(that引导表语从句)
The reason why...is that...……的原因是……(why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句)
He got up late. That was why he missed the bus.
他起床晚了，那就是为什么他错过了公共汽车。
He missed the bus. The reason was that he got up late.
他错过了公共汽车，原因是他起床晚了。
The reason why he missed the bus was that he got up late.他错过公共汽车的原因是他起床晚了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He hurt his leg. That was ________ he fell from a tall tree.
＝He fell from a tall tree. That was ________ he hurt his leg.
＝The reason ________ he hurt his leg was ________ he fell from a tall tree.
完成句子
②____________________ (那是因为) millions of smokers die from this habit each year.
③________________________________ (我们不相信他的原因) is that he often lies.
2)对谓语动词的强调：do/does/did＋动词原形)
(教材原句)Yet, there are some people who do have amazing memories.然而，的确有些人记忆力惊人。
I do hope you can get your driver's license as soon as possible.我真希望你能尽快拿到驾照。
I know that you didn't expect me to go, but I did go.
我知道你没料到我会去，但我确实去了。
[说明]
(1)强调谓语动词要用“do/does/did＋动词原形”，do/does/did在句中要重读。这种结构只能用于一般现在时或一般过去时的肯定句中。
(2)在祈使句中使用时，往往不表示命令，而表示强烈的请求，有时表达更客气的语气。
(3)强调句子的其他成分用强调句型：“It is/was...that...”。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He ________ come and stayed here for a decade.
②It was not until his father went to bed ________ he went to bed.
③He ________ believe that swimming can strengthen his body.
完成句子
④____________________ (因为他病了) that he can't come.
⑤____________________ (务必安静), will you？
3)It has been proved that...事实证明……)
(教材原句)It has been proved that some people have a photographic memory.已经证实有些人有照相记忆能力。
[句式分析]
本句式中，it作形式主语，that从句是真正主语。that在从句中仅起连接作用，不作句子成分，也无实际意义。
[拓展]
“It＋is/was＋过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)＋that从句．”句式可以进行转换：
It is said that body language accounts for 55% of a first impression while what you say just 7%.
＝Body language is said to account for 55% of a first impression while what you say just 7%.
＝People say that body language accounts for 55% of a first impression while what you say just 7%.
据说肢体语言占第一印象的55%，而你说的话只占7%。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It has been proved ________ sorting out your desk can improve your learning efficiency.
完成句子
②据报道，在未来几年里将会在月球上建一个空间站。
____________________________ a space station will be built on the moon in years to come.
③众所周知，杨利伟是中国第一位飞入太空的航天员。
____________________________ Yang Liwei is China's first astronaut to fly in space.
④据说王教授要来做一个关于他在海上冒险的演讲。
It is said that Professor Wang is coming to make a speech about his adventures at sea.
→Professor Wang is said ________________ to make a speech about his adventures at sea.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．A ________ (急剧的) drop in prices will cause serious problems to the residents.
2．Her ________ (技巧) has improved recently.
3．Her former telephone number differed from mine by one ________ (数字).
4．His first novel was ________ (出版) in 2002.
5．Customers seem to like the car's ________ (曲线) and angles.
6．As they came back, Robert's ________ (直升机) came into view.
7．They can manufacture a whole host of body parts, from neurons to muscles to blood ________ (细胞).
8．She was remembering a comedy watched in ________ (童年).
Ⅱ.短语填空
take it easy, as a result, in terms of, compare...with, up to, make arrangements for, be good at, according to, in one's childhood, make good use of
1．It is unwise to ____________ females ____________ males unconditionally.
2．____________！ We all know that failure is the mother of success.
3．The job is great ____________ salary, but it has its disadvantages.
4．We can ____________ the Internet to search for any information we need.
5．____________ , the officials changed their attitude and started to take action.
6．He ____________ shooting, and he finally realized his dream of becoming a champion at the age of 37.
7．____________ what I have learnt, he will take charge of the new organization.
8．____________ two thirds of residents here are contented with their welfare.
9．The conductor was busy ____________ the coming performance.
10．He suffered a lot mentally because of the accident ____________．
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he ________ (publish) his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.
2．“Where do you think you are？” he asked. I turned ________ (sharp). “The McNay Art Museum！”
3．I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up ________ three books a day as a child.
4．Besides, the number of snakes had declined as well. He realized that it was ________ there weren't enough trees to protect them from the heat.
5．Now she is one of the experts, writing books on flower ________ (arrange).
6．Discussing your issues and resolving them instead of stuffing them down can improve your ________ (emotion) health.
7．Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the ________ (excite) of going to the library lives on from generation to generation.
8．________ a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner's knee, are uncommon among race walkers.
9．His expressive paintings are almost ________ (photography) in detail.
10．A ________ (digit) doctor could help provide medical care through the global web.
11．Meetings are held ________ (periodic) to monitor the stage on the case.
12．This reduces the burden of ________ (memorise) and helps you master it faster.
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．由你决定我们这周末去哪里。(be up to sb. to do sth.)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．放轻松！别忘了，你是一个有天赋的演员。(take it easy)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．我们应该好好利用每一秒，让自己变得更强大。(make good use of)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．这是因为好的学习策略对你大有裨益。(This is because...)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．这是我第一次参加学校活动。(It is the first time that...)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
6．许多健康问题是你的日常饮食引起的。(result from)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
7．我的确认为她的行为很糟糕。(用do强调谓语)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
8．已经证实这个司机跟此次事故无关。(It has been proved that...)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Section D Lesson 3 The Secrets of Your Memory
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．helicopter 2.curve 3.cell 4.digit 5.material
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．arrangement 2.childhood 3.emotional 4.excitement 5.photographic 6.digital 7.sharply 8.timely 9.periodic; periodically 10.memorisation 11.technical
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．事实和安排 2.情感上的联系 3.强烈的恐惧感或兴奋感
4．再三地，反复地 5.结果 6.对……感到好奇 7.有助于记忆 8.有效的方法 9.出版一本书 10.遗忘曲线 11.最显著的遗忘 12.及时复习 13.脑细胞 14.使说法令人信服 15.信号词
1．have a photographic memory 2.digits of pi (π) 3.in a helicopter 4.be good at 5.for a limited time 6.focus on 7.review the material periodically 8.take it easy 9.in terms of 10.make good use of 11.with enthusiasm 12.tend to do sth.
课文研析·语篇理解
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．D 2.B 3.C 4.B
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
1．because 2.excitement 3.a 4.has proved 5.memorising
6．on 7.effective 8.To prevent 9.periodically 10.worse
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．①for ②to ③for ④to meet ⑤an ⑥arrangement ⑦arrange everything for their children
2．①To ②excited ③in/with ④exciting ⑤in/with
⑥excitement ⑦the exciting news; in excited voices
3．①publishing ②was published ③publishers
④were published/came out ⑤Published in 1964
⑥works in publishing
4．①sharply ②sharpen ③an extremely sharp mind
④a sharp increase ⑤have risen sharply
5．①for ②with ③to ④to
⑤provides loans for/offers loans to/supplies loans to
第二版块|重要短语
1．①of ②in ③a ④from/in
2．①about ②to explore ③that ④curiosities
⑤be curious about
3．①as/for ②it ③for ④seriously ⑤Take it easy
4．①of ②with ③In the short term ④In terms of
5．①of ②be made ③make good use of/make full use of/take full advantage of/make the best of/make the most of
6．①Compared ②Comparing ③By/In ④to
⑤compared to/with ⑥made a comparison
第三版块|典型句式
1．①because; why; why; that ②That is because
③The reason why we don't trust him
2．①did ②that ③does ④It is because he is ill
⑤Do be quiet
3．①that ②It is reported that ③It is known that
④to come
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．sharp 2.technique 3.digit 4.published 5.curves
6．helicopter 7.cells 8.childhood
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．compare; with 2.Take it easy 3.in terms of
4．make good use of 5.As a result 6.was good at
7．According to 8.Up to 9.making arrangements for
10．in his childhood
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．published 2.sharply 3.to 4.because 5.arrangement 6.emotional 7.excitement 8.As 9.photographic
10．digital 11.periodically 12.memorisation
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．It is up to you to decide where to go this weekend.
2．Take it easy! Don't forget that you are a talented actor.
3．We should make good use of every second to make ourselves stronger.
4．This is because a good learning strategy is of great benefit to you.
5．It is the first time that I have taken part in school activities.
6．Many health problems result from your daily diet.
7．I do think she's behaved badly.
8．It has been proved that the driver has nothing to do with the accident.Section A Topic Talk
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ n. 方法 v. 接近
2．____________ n. 目标
3．____________ n. 细节、详情
4．____________ n. 数学
5．____________ n. 博客
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．part n．部分→________ n．搭档，同伴
2．geometry n．几何(学)→________ adj.几何的；几何学的
3．music n．音乐→________ adj.音乐的 n．音乐剧→________ n．音乐家；乐师
4．fluent adj.流利的；流畅的→________ n．流利；流畅→________ adv.流利地；流畅地
5．compete vi竞争；匹敌→________ n．竞争；角逐→________ n．竞争者→________ adj.竞争的，好强的，好竞争的→competence n．能力
6．chemistry n．化学→________ adj.化学的，化学上的→________ n．化学品→________ n．化学家；(英)药剂师
7．found vt.创设；建立→________ n．创设者；铸造工→________ n．基础；地基；建立；创办；基金会
8．concentrate vt.集中，专心 n．浓缩物；浓缩液→________ n．集中；专注；关注
9．establish vt.建立，设立；确定，使得到承认→________ n．设立；制定；机构，单位
10．prefer vt.比较喜欢……→________ n．嗜好，偏爱→________ adj.更可取的→________ adv.可能的话
11．educate vt.教育→________ n．教育→________ adj.教育的；有教育意义的→________ n．教育家(英)→________ n．教师；教育工作者；(美)教育家
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
A 写出下列短语的汉意
1．learning approach ________________
2．the approach to...(to是介词) ________________
3．work with a partner ________________
4．do group work ________________
5．learn new skills/about new ideas ________________
6．establish a good foundation for... ________________
7．brush up ( on) ________________
8．in great danger ________________
9．be unwilling to do sth. ________________
10．at the end of ________________
B 写出下列汉语所对应的英文短语
1．________________ 参加(指积极参加某种活动并在其中起一定的作用)
2．________________ 为学校杂志/博客撰稿
3．________________ 英语变得更加流利
4．________________ 进入学院/大学
5．________________ 赢得比赛/获奖
6．________________ 春秋时期
第一版块|核心单词
1)approach n．方法，途径；路径；接洽；接近，(某事的)临近 v．接近，靠近；对付，处理,approachable adj.可接近的；和蔼可亲的；易理解的)
(教材原句)What is your learning approach to it
你的学习方法是什么？
an approach to ( doing ) sth. (做)某事的方法(to是介词)
make an approach to... 与……接洽
adopt/take an approach 采用一种方法
with the approach of 随着……的来临
at the approach of 在……将到的时候
be easy/difficult to approach 容易接近/难以接近
I like her approach to the problem.
我喜欢她解决这个问题的方法。
All approaches to the town were blocked.
通往这座城镇的所有道路都被封锁了。
The company makes an approach to the supermarket chain.该公司已与超级市场的联营店接洽。
With the approach of the Spring Festival the weather turned colder.随着春节的临近，天气变得更冷了。
At the approach of the evening the herdsman came to feed his cattle.黄昏来临时，牧人来喂他的牛。
He still didn't have the courage to approach her.
他仍没有勇气靠近她。
The professor is easy to approach, and all the young teachers like to ask for advice from him.
该教授平易近人，所有的年轻教师都喜欢向他请教。
Workers, above all, will know how to approach the problem correctly.
最重要的是，工人们将懂得怎样正确地处理这个问题。
[比较] approach/way/means/method
单词 用这种方法 做某事的方法
approach — the approach to doing sth.
way in this way the way to do/of doing sth.
means by this means the means of doing sth.
method with this method the method of/for doing sth.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The best approach to ________ (build) up your body is to do exercise every day.
②________ the approach of evening, the tourists approached the destination.
介词填空
③However, there are also some problems ________ this teaching method.
④________ this way, we can get along with each other happily and peacefully.
⑤What we need are new approaches ________ solving the problem.
⑥________ means of modern technology we are able to communicate with each other instantly.
写出句中approach的词性及词义
⑦I'd advise taking a different approach.____________
⑧The shadows lengthened with the approach of sunset.____________
⑨I was just getting out of my bed when I heard soft steps approaching.____________
2)revise v．复习；修改，修订 revision n．复习；修改，修订)
Many beginning writers don't leave enough space to revise.许多初学写作的人没有留出足够的修改空间。
The English Chinese dictionary was revised in 2017.
这本英汉词典是在2017年修订的。
He revised his opinion.他改变了看法。
I've still got a lot of revising to do before the test.
我在测试前还有很多东西要复习。
The law is in need of revision.这法律需要修改。
We have no plans to make any legal revision to the science popularization law.
我们目前没有任何要修改科普法的计划。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The library was full of students ________ (revise) for the final exams.
②I know I haven't done enough ________ (revise) for tomorrow's exam.
③The figure has now been ________ (revise) ________ $1 million ________ $2 million.
④Have you revised ________ the test of tomorrow
⑤Sales forecasts will have to ________ (revise) downwards.
第二版块|重要短语
1)become fluent in熟练掌握)
(教材原句)become more fluent in English英语变得更加流利
[拓展]
fluency n．流利，流畅
fluently adv.流利地；流畅地
He speaks English with great fluency．他的英语说得非常流利。
After a week's training, I can read this article fluently．
经过一周的训练，我能流利地读这篇文章了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Soon they became very fluent ________ answering such questions.
②He can speak English ________ (fluent) and accurately.
③Some young children achieve great ________ (fluent) in their reading.
完成句子
④I've been learning English for 10 years, and I can ____________________ (说一口流利的英语).
⑤My son is only three years old, but he ____________________ (很流利) telling stories.
2)brush up (on)温习，复习)
(教材原句)But I still need to brush up on some language points.但我仍然需要温习一些语言要点。
brush yourself down 拂去身上的灰尘(尤指摔跤后)
brush...aside 不理会；漠视
brush...down 刷干净……
brush off 被刷掉；被拂去
brush sb. off 不理睬某人；打发某人
Brush up your skills by taking a course.
通过学习课程来温习你的技能。
I'm brushing up on my French at an adult school just to surprise them.我正在成人学校补习法语，到时好让他们大吃一惊。
Your jacket needs brushing down; it's covered with fluff.
你的夹克衫需要刷一刷了，上面有些绒毛。
I've tried to make contact with them, but they've brushed me off.我本来想和他们接触接触，但是他们不理睬我。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Don't worry about that mark; it will brush ________．
②I must brush up ________ my Spanish before I go to Seville.
③If you want to go further, you have to brush ________ all obstacles.
完成句子
④Talk to a friend who will really listen and not ____________________ (漠视你的感受).
第三版块|典型句式
1)不定式作表语)
(教材原句)My learning goal is to get into college.
我的学习目标是考上大学。
[比较]
(1)不定式/动名词作表语
·前者表示具体的动作，特别是表示将来的动作。
The only thing for you to do now is (to) apologise．
你现在唯一要做的事就是道歉。(主语部分有实义动词do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式可以省略to)
·后者表示经常性、一般性的行为。
Our work is ending up the sufferings of the homeless dogs.
我们的工作是结束流浪狗的苦难。
(2)不定式作表语与表将来的“be＋不定式”结构
A代表主语，B代表不定式
·主系表结构：A is B．可以说B is A．(is意为“是”)
·将来时结构：A is B．不可以说B is A．(is to do意为“将要做”)
What I want to do now is (to) have a sleep.
＝To have a sleep is what I want to do now.
我现在想做的是睡一觉/睡一觉是我现在想做的(事)。
(此句是不定式作表语)
We are to put up a new play.我们要上演一出新戏。
(主语we和put up是逻辑主谓关系。此句为将来时结构)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①An idea from lawmakers in New York is ________ (give) police officers a new device called the Textalyzer.
②The next technique is ________ (write) your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect.
③The objective of most speeches is ________ (benefit) the audience.
指出下面句子是不定式作表语还是将来时结构
④Her job is to look after the children.____________
⑤She is to look after the children.____________
2)so that引导目的状语从句)
(教材原句)He prefers to study alone in a quiet place so that he can concentrate and keep the details straight in his head.他更喜欢一个人在安静的地方学习，以便他能集中精力，把细节直接记在脑子里。
[句式分析] so that引导目的状语从句，意为“以便，为了”，从句中常含有may, might, can, could等情态动词。
He got up very early so that he could catch the early bus.
他起得很早，以便能赶上早班公共汽车。
[拓展]
so that还可以引导结果状语从句，意为“因此，所以”，从句中通常不用情态动词。
He got up very early so that he caught the early bus.
他起得很早，所以赶上了早班公共汽车。
[即学即练] 指出下列so that引导的状语从句是表示目的还是表示结果
①They decide to have more workers for the project so that it won't be delayed.____________
②She asked for the woman's name and address so that she could repay her.____________
③Try to finish it within one day, so that the students still have a whole day to rest on Sunday.____________
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．As a writer, she attempts to take a new ________ (方法) to making up her story.
2．The first two months of study provides a solid ________ (基础) in performing.
3．I have paid more attention to ________ (几何学) because of my failure last term.
4．I'll need to discuss this with my business ________ (搭档) and work out a plan.
5．She ________ (更喜欢) to recycle the plastic bags rather than throw them away.
Ⅱ.短语填空
brush up on, prefer to, become fluent in, come on，establish a good foundation for, be curious about
1．____________！ It's not the end of the world.
2．I spent the whole afternoon ____________ my geometry.
3．They ____________ do research before taking action.
4．Children ____________ animals in this region.
5．I ____________ English with the help of my former teacher.
6．Their ambition is to ____________ entering foreign markets and make a larger profit.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Upon ________ (approach) the house, I noticed my dad and mom standing beside the old truck, looking upset.
2．My progress in reading raised my ________ (curious), and I wanted to know everything.
3．Previous generations concentrate ________ getting children to school on time, fed, dressed and ready to learn.
4．If praise is sincere and ________ (focus) on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward.
5．The institute decided to adopt a different approach ________ the problem.
6．People are curious ________ (know) how they can recycle waste in a more effective way.
7．Though he isn't Chinese, he becomes fluent ________ Chinese with a proper learning strategy.
8．We should try our best to overcome the difficulties and establish a good ________ (found) for our future.
9．I have to revise ________ my Spanish test tomorrow; otherwise I will fail again.
10．I prefer reading books at home to ________ (see) movies in the cinema.
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．他宁可待在家里看电视而不愿跟朋友去看电影。(prefer to do... rather than do...)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．他今年的阅读目标是读10本书。(to do作表语)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．他提高嗓门以便所有人都能听到他。(so that引导目的状语从句)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．学生们对这位新教师非常好奇。(be curious about)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．农民们在地里忙碌着，努力为来年的丰收打下良好的基础。(establish a good foundation for)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
6．不建议学生熬夜复习功课。(brush up on)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Section A Topic Talk
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．approach 2.goal 3.detail 4.mathematics 5.blog
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．partner 2.geometric 3.musical musician
4．fluency fluently 5.competition competitor competitive
6．chemical chemicals chemist 7.founder foundation
8．concentration 9.establishment
10．preference preferable preferably
11．education educational educationalist educator
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．学习方法 2.……的方法 3.和同伴一起努力学习
4．进行小组合作 5.学习新技能/了解新想法 6.为……打下良好的基础 7.温习，复习 8.在巨大的危险中 9.不愿意做某事 10.在……尽头；在……结束时
1．take part in 2.write for the school magazine/blogs
3．become more fluent in English 4.get into college/university 5.win a competition/a prize 6.the Spring and Autumn period
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．①building ②With ③with ④In ⑤to ⑥By
⑦名词，方法 ⑧名词，接近 ⑨动词，接近
2．①revising ②revision ③revised; from; to ④for
⑤be revised
第二版块|重要短语
1．①in ②fluently ③fluency ④speak fluent English
⑤is fluent in
2．①off ②on ③aside ④brush aside your feelings
第三版块|典型句式
1．①to give ②to write ③to benefit ④不定式作表语
⑤将来时结构
2．①目的 ②目的 ③结果
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．approach 2.foundation 3.geometry 4.partner 5.prefers
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．Come on 2.brushing up on 3.prefer to 4.are curious about 5.became fluent in 6.establish a good foundation for
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．approaching 2.curiosity 3.on 4.focused 5.to
6．to know 7.in 8.foundation 9.for 10.seeing
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．He prefers to watch TV at home rather than go to the cinema with his friends.
2．His reading aim this year is to read ten books.
3．He raised his voice so that everyone could hear him.
4．Students are very curious about the new teacher.
5．The farmers are busy working in the fields, trying to establish a good foundation for the harvest next year.
6．Students are not advised to stay up to brush up on their lessons.Section F 单元语法专项(1)——后接动名词和动词不定式的动词(词组)
一、常接动名词作宾语的动词(词组)◎
admit承认 advise建议 allow允许
appreciate感激 avoid避免 consider考虑
delay推迟 dislike厌恶 enjoy喜欢
escape逃避 excuse原谅 require要求
finish完成 forbid禁止 forgive原谅
imagine想象 keep保持 miss错过
practise练习 permit允许 risk冒险
resist抵制 suggest建议 fancy想要
deny否认 mind介意 stop停止
can't help禁不住 give up放弃 go on继续
put off推迟 feel like想要
set about开始，着手 depend on依赖
keep on继续，持续 insist on坚持
pay attention to注意 object to反对
devote oneself to献身于
look forward to盼望，期待
succeed in在……方面成功
【学法点拨】
歌诀助记
喜欢 考虑 免 逃脱(enjoy，consider，avoid，escape)
停止 放弃 太 冒险(stop，give up，risk)
反对 想象 莫 推延(object to，imagine，delay/put off)
要求 完成 以 期待(require，finish，look forward to)
建议 继续 勤 练习(suggest，go on，practise)
不禁 原谅 要 坚持 (can't help, excuse，insist on)
继续 介意 定 成功 (keep on，mind，succeed in)
【误区警示】
allow/advise/forbid/permit doing sth.(√)
allow/advise/forbid/permit sb. to do sth.(√)
I advise calling an ambulance.
我建议叫一辆救护车。
I advise my nephew to adopt a different approach to solve the problem.
我建议我外甥采取一种不同的方式来解决这个问题。
二、常接动词不定式作宾语的动词(词组)◎
plan计划 agree同意 refuse拒绝
promise承诺 fail未能 manage设法做成
arrange安排 offer主动提出 afford负担得起
attempt尝试 help帮助 would like/love想要
choose选择 learn学会 decide/determine决定
pretend假装 ask/beg请求 demand要求
want/long想要 hope/wish/expect希望
【误区警示】
在某些动词如find, think, consider, feel, make, believe后，常用it作形式宾语，然后加宾语补足语，最后加不定式作真正宾语。
We think it our duty to protect the environment.
我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。
【学法点拨】
歌诀助记
决心 学会 想 希望(decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish)
拒绝 设法 愿 假装(refuse, manage, pretend)
主动 答应 选 计划(offer, promise, choose, plan)
同意 请求 帮一帮(agree, ask/beg, help)
三、动词like/love/prefer/hate/start/begin/intend＋动词不定式/动名词◎
若表示经常性的行为可用动名词，若表示具体的动作或行为常用动词不定式。但要注意“would/should＋like/love/prefer＋to do”。
·He likes going sightseeing.他喜欢去观光。
·I would like to have a chat with you.
我想和你聊一聊。
四、接动词不定式和动名词意义不同的动词(词组)◎
·After a brief rest, they went on to climb the mountain.短暂的休息之后，他们继续爬山。
·Even though it rained, they went on working.
尽管下雨，但他们还是继续工作。
即学即练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I really appreciate you ________ (come) over to help me with my geometry.
2．His French is very ordinary and he needs to practise ________ (speak) it.
3．In that county, there are still some people who can't afford ________ (buy) a television set.
4．When one loses confidence and determination, he can never expect ________ (do) his work well.
5．Don't forget ________ (apologise) to your brother for losing your temper when you argue with him.
6．The composer suggested ________ (exchange) gifts at the beginning of the performance.
7．The performer risked ________ (lose) his life to save the boy who had fallen into the river.
8．The captain refused ________ (leave) his sinking ship while there were others on board.
9．I still remember ________ (visit) a madam who'd lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time.
10．But unlike her ordinary school friends, 16 year old Sarah is not spending the half term ________ (rest).
11．The packaging needs ________ (load) into the truck.
12．I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ________ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged and bothered.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．The baby is sleeping; please ________________________ (停止吵闹).
2．Soon after he handed in his test paper, he realised that he ____________________________ (忘记写下) his name.
3．When Lulu still ____________________________ (未能取得进步) after practising for a long time, even Amy began to have doubts.
4．—Look, what a mess Mr White has made his garden!
—He must be a green hand and his gardening skills ________________ (需要提高).
5．She ________________ (喜欢阅读小说) in her spare time while surfing the Internet is her husband's best way to relax.
Section F 单元语法专项(1)——后接动名词和动词不定式的动词(词组)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．coming 2.speaking 3.to buy 4.to do 5.to apologise 6.exchanging 7.losing 8.to leave 9.visiting 10.resting
11．loading/to be loaded 12.looking
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．stop making noise
2．forgot to write down
3．failed to make progress
4．need improving/to be improved
5．enjoys reading novelsSection B Lesson 1 Active Learning
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ vt. & n. 企图；试图
2．____________ n. 火车 vt. 训练
3．____________ n. 观点；看法
4．____________ n. 恐龙
5．____________ n. 资料；数据
6．____________ n. 段落
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．reflect vi.& vt.仔细思考；表达(意见)；反映→ ________ n．沉思；想法；反射
2．argue vi.争论，争吵 → ________ n．争论；争吵；论点
3．assume vt.认为；假定，假设→ ________ n．假设
4．automatic adj.自动的；无意识的→________ adv.自动地；无意识地
5．promote vt.促进，增进→________ n．提升；提拔；促销活动
6．likely adj.可能的→________ adj.不大可能的
7．exist vi.存在；实际上有→________ n．存在
8．ignore vt.忽视；置之不理→________ adj.无知的；愚昧的→________ n．无知；愚昧
9．impress v．给……留下深刻的好印象→________ n．印象；感想
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
A写出下列短语的汉意
1．take notes ________________
2．focus on ________________
3．reflect on ________________
4．pay attention to(＋n./pron./v. ing) ________________
5．a different point of view ________________
6．train sb. to be ________________
7．suggest doing sth. ________________
8．take an active role in ________________
9．get in the way of ________________
10．keep doing sth. ________________
11．agree with sb. ________________
12．after all ________________
13．if not ________________
14．at least(＝at the least) ________________
15．a/the way to do sth. ________________
16．at the heart of... ________________
17．be based on... ________________
18．miss out on ________________
写出下列汉语所对应的英文短语
1．________________ 独自地，单独
2．________________ 听取外部声音
3．________________ 专注于信息
4．________________ 与内心声音争论
5．________________ 需要做某事
6．________________ 冒险做某事
7．________________ 在背景中
8．________________ 这样；用这种方法
9．________________ 做决定
10．________________ 最后；最终
11．________________ 引导某人……
12．________________ 弄懂某事物；计算出
13．________________ 总而言之；简单地说
14．________________ 停止做某事
15．________________ 尝试
Ⅰ.课文思维导图
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．According to the author, what kind of behaviour is “active learning”？
A．Taking part in many activities.
B．Reflecting on what we have learnt.
C．Taking an active role in class.
D．Training ourselves to be better learners.
2．What will happen if we pay too much attention to our inner voice
A．We may focus on what the speaker is saying.
B．We may make better decisions.
C．We may change our way of learning.
D．We may miss important information.
3．In the author's view, what is the easiest way to promote active learning
A．Listening to the outer voice.
B．Arguing with your inner voice.
C．Asking questions.
D．Getting to the truth.
4．Which of the following statements is not the practice of an active learner
A．Accept everything they learn.
B．Find the truth at the heart of each idea.
C．Work out questions about certain information.
D．Argue with inner voice.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
A good learner will always 1.________(active) take part in the learning process and reflect 2.________ what he has learnt. To take 3.________ active role in our learning, we'd better do the following things well.
Listen to the outer voice. Although your inner voice can be 4.________ (use), it can also get in the way of learning. Active learners focus on 5.________ the speaker/writer is saying. In this way, they are in a 6.________ (good) position to make decisions. Argue with your inner voice. If you find your inner voice difficult 7.________ (control), you can argue with it. Asking questions 8.________ (be) the easiest way to promote active learning. Get to the truth. Active learners don't accept everything they learn. They attempt to find the 9.________ (true) at the heart of each idea. Focus on the message. Active learners don't judge people 10.________ (base) on first impressions or personal feelings. Instead, they separate the message from the messenger.
[词汇注释]
①assume/ 'sju m/vt.
认为；假定，假设
※assumption n．假设
②automatic/ t 'm t k/
adj.自动的；无意识的
※automatically adv.
自动地；无意识地
③need to do sth.
需要做某事
④train sb. to be
训练某人成为……
⑤suggest doing sth.
建议做某事
⑥take an active role in
在……中起积极的作用；积极参与……
⑦get in the way of
妨碍，阻碍
⑧keep doing sth.
持续做某事
⑨risk doing sth.
冒险做某事
⑩open minded adj.愿意考虑不同意见的；思想开明的
in the background 在背景中
in this way这样；用这种方法
make decisions做决定
flexible/'fleks b l/adj.
灵活的，可变通的
end up doing 最后；最终
※end up with 以……而告终
agree with sb.同意某人(的看法)
after all毕竟；终究
if not 如果不；不然的话
at least至少
※at(the)most 至多
a/the way to do sth.
做某事的方法
promote/pr 'm t/vt.
促进，增进
※promotion n．提升；提拔；促销活动
lead sb. to sth.引导某人……
work out弄懂某事物；计算出
in short总而言之；简单地说
stop doing sth.停止做某事
※stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事
attempt to尝试
※attempt to do sth.
尝试做某事
at the heart of...
在……的中心
unlikely/ n'la kli/adj.不大可能的
※be unlikely to do sth.不大可能做某事
It is unlikely that...……不大可能……
aspect n．方面
be based on...以……为根据
dinosaur/'da n s /n.恐龙
exist/ ɡ'z st/vi.存在；实际上有
※exist in 存在于……中
exist on(＝live on)
靠……生存
data/'de t /n.资料；数据
miss out on错过(机会)；错失
refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事
ignore/ ɡ'n /vt.忽视；置之不理
※ignorant adj.无知的；愚昧的
ignorance n．无知；愚昧
because of因为
cannot help doing sth.
情不自禁做某事
※can't help (to) do sth.
不能帮助做某事
can't help but do sth.
不得不做某事
judge vt.评价，评判
impression/ m'pre n/
n．印象；感想
※the first impression
第一印象
leave an impression on sb.
给某人留下印象
separate...from...
把……与……分开
as well也，又
[教材原文]
ACTIVE LEARNING
by Kevin Daum
Most people assume① that the human brain is set on “automatic②”— that means it learns all by itself. But this isn't always true. We need to③ train ourselves to be④ better learners—to actively take part in the learning process and to reflect on what we have learnt. These kinds of learning behaviours are called “active learning”. I suggest doing⑤ five things to take an active role in⑥ your learning.
1 Listen to the outer voice
There are two kinds of voices: the inner voice and the outer voice. Your inner voice expresses your personal opinions, while the outer voice tells you about opinions from what you hear or read.【1】 Although your inner voice can be useful, it can also get in the way of⑦ learning. If you keep paying⑧ too much attention to it，you risk missing⑨ important information. Instead, active learners are open minded⑩ and focus on what the speaker/writer is saying, not on what their brain is saying in the background . In this way ， they are in a better position to make decisions .
【1】while conj.而，然而，表示对比，what引导的从句作介词from的宾语。
2 Argue with your inner voice
If you find your inner voice difficult to control, you can argue with it as most active learners do.【2】 When your inner voice tells you a speaker/writer is wrong, think about why the speaker/writer may be right. Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all . If not ， at least you have “listened to” another point of view.
【2】If引导条件状语从句，find＋宾语＋宾语补足语，as引导方式状语从句。
3 Ask questions
Asking questions is the easiest way to promote active learning.【3】 When you get information from someone, from books or the Internet, ask two, three, even five questions about the topic. The answers will lead you to further learning, and the very act of working out questions will help you to achieve a higher level of understanding about the topic. In short : Do not stop being curious.
4 Get to the truth
Active learners do not accept everything they learn.【4】 They attempt to find the truth at the heart of
each idea. Even when an idea sounds entirely unlikely , there may be an aspect of it that is based on truth. So if someone says that dinosaurs still exist today, think about why they believe this. Where does the idea come from Do they have enough data to support their views If you try to find out the source of an idea, no matter how crazy it seems, you will increase your chance of learning something.【5】
【3】※动名词短语作主语：单个的动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
【4】※they learn是省略关系代词that的定语从句，修饰不定代词everything。
【5】If引导条件状语从句，no matter how引导让步状语从句，相当于however crazy it seems。
5 Focus on the message
Many people miss out on learning opportunities because they let their feelings get in the way. They refuse to learn or ignore what is said because of who the speaker/writer is. It is true that we cannot help disliking some people—this is human nature, after all. But do not forget you can still learn from them. Active learners do not judge people based on first impressions or personal feelings. Instead, they separate the message fromB41 the messenger. This goes the other way as well —do not just assume that some people are always right because of who they are or just because they are your friends.
[汉语译文]
主动学习
凯文·道姆
很多人认为(assume)人类的大脑是“自动运行的(automatic)”，这是说大脑能自动学习。但并不总是如此。我们需要训练自己成为更好的学习者——积极参与学习过程并反思(reflect)学到的东西。这些学习行为叫作“主动学习”。为了积极主动地学习，我建议做以下五件事。
1．倾听外部的声音
有两种声音：内心的(inner)声音和外部的(outer)声音。内心的声音表达你的个人意见，而外部的声音告诉你关于听到或者读到的观点。虽然你内心的声音很有用，但它也可能妨碍学习。如果你一直过于关注它，就可能错过重要信息。相反，主动学习者是开放的，专注于说话人或者作者所说的话，而不是自己的大脑在背景中说的话。通过这种方式，他们可以更好地做出决策。
2．和内心的声音争论
如果你发现内心的声音难以控制，你可以像大多数主动学习者那样和它争论(argue)。当你内心的声音告诉你一个说话人或作者是错误的时候，想想为什么说话人或作者可能是对的。灵活(flexible)处理你的意见，你最终(end up doing)，可能会同意说话人或者作者的观点。如果没有，至少你已经“听过”了另一种观点。
3．提出问题
提出问题是促进(promote)主动学习最简单的方法。当你从某个人那里、书籍或互联网上获得信息时，提出有关该主题的两个、三个，甚至五个问题。答案将引导你进一步学习，探究(work out)问题的过程有助于你更好地理解该主题。简而言之(in short)：一定要始终保持好奇心。
4．弄清真相
主动学习者不会全盘接受学到的东西。他们努力(attempt to)从每个观点最核心的(at the heart of)地方寻找真相。即使一个想法听起来完全不可能(unlikely)，其中也可能有某个方面是基于( be based on)事实的。因此，如果有人说
现在还存在(exist)恐龙(dinosaur)，那就想一下他们为什么会相信这种观点。这个想法来自哪里？他们是否有足够的数据(data)来支持自己的观点？如果你试图找出一个想法的来源，无论这个想法看起来多么不可思议，你都更有机会学到一些东西。
5．专注于信息
许多人因为受到自己情感的阻碍而错过了学习机会。他们因为说话人或作者的身份而拒绝学习或者忽视(ignore)他们所说的内容。确实，我们难免会不喜欢某些人——毕竟这是人的本性。但不要忘记你仍然可以向他们学习。主动学习者不会根据第一印象(impression)或个人感受来判断人。相反，他们将信息与信息提供者分开。反之亦然——不要仅仅因为某些人的身份或仅仅因为他们是你的朋友就认为他们总是正确的。
第一版块|核心单词
1)reflect vi.& vt.仔细思考；表达(意见)；反映；反射)
be reflected in 映在……中
reflect on/upon 思考；反思
reflect that... 思考/琢磨……
reflect...back 把……如实地反映出来
reflect from... 从……反射出来
reflect on oneself 自我反省
The light reflected from the water into my eyes.
光线从水面反射进我的双眼。
The mountains are reflected in the water.
群山倒映在水中。
I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week.
我会反思这一天是怎么过的，然后想想这一周剩下的时间。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Usually a child's behaviour is a ________ (reflect) of his family environment.
②We should reflect ________ the likely reactions of the market before we act.
③Sean's strong love for his country ________ (reflect) in his recently published poems.
④A row of ________ (reflect) boards on a nearby mountainside were put to use.
完成句子
⑤Does this letter ______________ (表达你的真实意见)？
2)argue v．争论，争吵；争辩)
(教材原句)Argue with your inner voice与内心声音争论
argue for 论证；为……辩护
argue against 反对；争辩
argue with sb. about/over sth. 因某事而与某人争辩
argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事
Many experts had argued for the Three Gorges Project for several years before its start.三峡工程上马以前，许多专家争论了好几年。
Father argued against an increase in our pocket money.
父亲反对增加我们的零花钱。
Do you ever argue with your family about which TV programme to watch？你曾为看哪个电视节目和家人争论过吗？
They argued with each other about the best place for a holiday.他们彼此争论关于度假的最好的地方。
You want to argue me into agreeing to your proposal
你想说服我同意你的建议吗？
[拓展]
argument n．辩论；论点；论据；争论；理由
an argument for/against sth. 支持/反对某事的论点
have an argument with sb. about/over sth.与某人就某事争吵
This point is vital to my argument．
这一点对我的论据极为重要。
I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument．
我认为任何抽象的东西都有太多的争论空间。
You shouldn't have an argument with your deskmate about the question.你不应该和同桌就这个问题争吵。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①They tried to argue him ________ joining them.
②She thought it best to humour him rather than get into ________ argument.
③Her ________ (argue) was that it would be cheaper to buy a new radio than to get the old one repaired.
④As we've seen, the experts argue ________ which diet is best.
⑤A chimpanzee (黑猩猩)can't win an argument ________ a modern man, but it can tear the man apart like a rag doll.
⑥The employees felt the policy about their promotion was unfair and argued ________ it.
完成句子
⑦You shouldn't __________________ (和……争论) your parents about the bike.
⑧Gun control is a subject about which Americans ____________ (争论已久的).
3)assume vt.认为；假定，假设 assumption n．假定；设想 assuming conj.假定，假设……为真)
(教材原句)Most people assume that the human brain is set on“automatic”—that means it learns all by itself.很多人认为人类的大脑是“自动运行的”，这是说大脑能自动学习。
assume sb./sth. to be 认为某人/某物是……
assume(that)... 认为……
make an assumption 作出假设
on the assumption that... 假定……
assuming(that)... 假定……
It is generally/usually assumed that... 普遍/通常认为……
We assumed him to be the best writer of our time.
我们认为他是我们这个时代最好的作家。
I assumed that he had received my telegram.
我想他已经收到了我的电报。
It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.普遍认为，紧张是工作过重所致。
Many people make the assumption that poverty only exists in the Third World.许多人认为贫困只存在于第三世界。
His views are grounded on the assumption that all people are equal.他的观点建立在人人平等的假设之上。
Assuming that it is true，what should we do now
假定那是真的，我们现在该怎么办？
[拓展]
assuming that...(假定……)，常作独立成分。英语中常见的独立成分还有：supposing/providing...假如/如果……；
considering...考虑到……；judging from...根据……判断；
given...考虑到……；在有……的情况下
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The theory is based on a series of wrong ________ (assume).
②I assume him ________ (be) the cleverest boy in this class.
③________ is assumed that this is the best possible translation.
④We are working ________ the assumption that everyone invited will turn up.
⑤________ (assume) that you are chosen to be a volunteer at the Olympic Games, what will you do
⑥________ (judge) from her accent, she must be from Shandong.
⑦________ (give) that she is interested in children, I'm sure teaching is the right career for her.
完成句子
⑧______________(我们认为)women are normally more sensitive than men.
⑨____________________ (人们认为)a student's daily life is as important as his learning experience.
4)promote vt.促进，增进；提升；推销；晋级 promotion n．提升，晋升；促进；推广；促销活动)
(教材原句)Asking questions is the easiest way to promote active learning.提出问题是促进主动学习最简单的方法。
get promoted 得到晋升
promote sb. to sth. 把某人提升到某个职位上
promote sb. (to be)sth. 提升某人为……
promote safe development 推动安全发展
promote peace 促进和平
promote prosperity 促进繁荣
promote economic growth 促进经济增长
promote new books 促销新书
the promotion of... ……的推广/促销
get promotion from... to... 得到从……到……晋升
All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities.
我们所有的项目都旨在促进贫困和偏远社区的发展。
I'm happy to inform you that you have been promoted to captain.我很高兴地告诉你，你已被提升为上尉。
They promoted him (to be) captain.他们提升他为上尉。
He was in town to promote his new book.
他在镇上推销自己的新书。
Our teacher has been promoted to be headmaster.
我们的老师已被提升为校长了。
[拓展]
recommend sb. for promotion推荐提升某人
offer sb. promotion提出晋升某人
deny sb. promotion拒绝提升某人
have no chance of promotion in one's job
工作上没有晋升机会
We are doing a special promotion of our books.我们正在对我们的图书进行特别促销活动。
There are good chances of promotion in this firm.这家公司里晋升的机会很多。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Our teacher ________ (promote) to be headmaster last year.
②Her job is mainly concerned with sales and ________ (promote).
③As she had always been working hard, Miss Smith got ________ (promote) soon.
④Fortunately, Helen has been promoted ________ general manager.
完成句子
⑤While waiting for the opportunity ______________ (获得晋升)，Tom did his best to perform his duty.
⑥They worked for ________________ (促进世界和平).
5)attempt n. & vt.努力，尝试，企图)
(教材原句)They attempt to find the truth at the heart of each idea.他们努力从每个观点最核心的地方寻找真相。
(1)make an/no attempt to do/at doing 尝试/不尝试做……
in an attempt to do 为了做……
at the first attempt 第一次尝试
fail/succeed in one's attempt 尝试失败/成功
give up/abandon an attempt 放弃尝试
(2)attempt an attack 试图进攻
attempt a task 尝试一项任务
attempt to do sth.＝try do do sth. 尝试/试图做某事
attempt doing... 企图做某事
He made a weak attempt to look cheerful.
他勉强装出高兴的样子。
The enemy failed in their attempt to land on the island.
敌人在岛上登陆的企图失败了。
Not many people can answer this question at the first attempt. 第一次就能回答这个问题的人并不很多。
He is attempting a difficult task.他正在尝试一项困难的任务。
I would be the last to attempt to answer the question.
我是最不可能去尝试回答这个问题的。
[拓展]
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He studied hard ________ an attempt to pass the exam.
②She passed her driving test ________ the first attempt.
③When Wilson returned home from hospital two months later, his parents attempted ________ (find) a way to deal with the catastrophe (灾祸) that had happened to their lives.
④She made several attempts ________ (escape).
⑤This effort is not just an attempt ________ being community minded—it's also a crime cutting measure.
6)exist vi.存在；实际上有；生存，生活)
(教材原句)So if someone says that dinosaurs still exist today，think about why they believe this.因此，如果有人说现在还存在恐龙，那就想想他们为什么会相信这一点。
exist by 靠……生活
exist in 存在于……中
exist on(＝live on) 靠……生存
There exist(s)... 有……/存在着……
[说明] 这是there be 句型的变式，其中exist是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态。
Most scientists believe that water doesn't exist on the surface of the moon.多数科学家认为，月球表面不存在水。
Some people existed on melons or coconuts for weeks at one time.有些人一度数周靠各种瓜与椰子生存。
There exist some misunderstandings between your teacher and you.你和你的老师之间有些误会。
[词语积累]
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The old lady exists only ________ rice, coffee and bread.
②No one can tell for sure when the world came into ________ (exist).
③Many materials can exist ________ a variety of solid forms.
④I'm afraid that she will not be able to exist ________ selling houses.
⑤The pollution of university chemical laboratories is a generally ________ (exist) phenomenon.
完成句子
⑥________________ (存在着) a close relationship between families and their milkmen.
⑦How did the universe ______________________ (形成)first？
7)ignore vt.忽视；置之不理 ignorant adj.无知的；愚昧的；不知道的 ignorance n．无知；愚昧)
(教材原句)They refuse to learn or ignore what is said because of who the speaker/writer is.他们因为说话人或作者的身份而拒绝学习或者忽视他们所说的内容。
ignore the question 忽视这一问题
ignore one's advice/warning 不理会某人的建议/警告
ignore traffic rules 无视交通规则
ignore personal danger 不顾个人安危
ignore the fact that... 忽略……的事实
completely ignore 全然不顾
be ignorant of/about sth. 不知道某事
be in ignorance of sth. 不知道某事；(对于……的)无知
out of ignorance 出于无知
due to ignorance 因为无知
keep sb. in ignorance 把某人蒙在鼓里
I agree in principle，but we can't ignore the differences.
我原则上同意，但我们不能忽视这些差异。
I could no longer ignore the fact that he was deeply unhappy.我不能再对他深感不快这个事实不闻不问了。
They completely ignore these facts as if they never existed.他们全然不顾这些事实，就仿佛它们不存在似的。
He's so ignorant that he cannot write his own name.
他很无知，连自己的名字都写不出来。
They seem to be ignorant of what happened here.
他们似乎不知道这里发生的事。
[语境助记]
Poverty and ignorance are the enemies of progress.贫穷和愚昧是进步的敌人。
He was kept in ignorance of his true identity.
他一直被蒙在鼓里不知道自己的真实身份。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Poverty, disease and ________ (ignore) remain major world problems.
②She was ________ (ignore) of what the postman had delivered that morning.
③Firms may be ignorant ________ the markets they are entering.
完成句子
④We ________________ (不能忽略……的事实)many people will choose to live in the big cities.
⑤__________________ (无视差异) between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.
8)impression n．印象；感想 impress vt.使钦佩；使留下深刻印象；使……了解(某事的重要性)；强调impressive adj.令人赞叹的)
(教材原句)Active learners do not judge people based on first impressions or personal feelings.主动学习者不会根据第一印象或个人感受来判断人。
give an impression(of) 给人(……)印象
get a good/bad impression of... 对……的印象好/不好
make/leave an impression on sb. 给某人留下印象
be under the impression that... 以为……
impress sb. with sth. 某物给某人留下深刻印象
impress sth. on sb. 使某人了解某事的重要性
be impressed with/by 对……印象深刻
Her gentleness has given me a deep impression.
她的亲切给我留下了很深的印象。
As a general rule，keeping smiling can leave a good impression on the interviewers.
一般来说，保持微笑能给面试官留下好的印象。
We felt at home with her and were impressed with the depth of her knowledge.
我们和她一见如故，并且被她知识的渊博折服。
My father impressed on me the value of hard work.
我父亲向我强调努力工作的重要意义。
[语境助记]
The film's special effects are particularly impressive．
那部电影的特技效果尤其令人赞叹。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The film was very amusing and left a deep impression ________ me.
②A few characters are used to create a single ________ (impress) growing out of the theme.
③The professor impressed us ________ his knowledge.
④We were impressed ________ a wide variety of plants in the garden.
一句两译
她流利的英语口语给我们留下深刻印象。⑤___________________________________
⑥________________________________________________________________________
第二版块|重要短语
1)get in the way of 挡……的路；妨碍，阻碍)
(教材原句)Although your inner voice can be useful, it can also get in the way of learning.虽然你内心的声音或许有用，但它也可能妨碍学习。
on the way out 即将被淘汰；即将过时
get out of one's way 让开
on the/one's way to 在去……的路上
be/get in the/one's way 挡路，妨碍
in no way 绝不
in a/one way 在某种程度上
make one's way 行进
make way for 给……让路
give way to 被……取代
go a long way towards doing sth. 对于做某事很有帮助
Will you be able to make your own way to the airport
你能自己去机场吗？
Her social life gets in the way of her study.
她的社交生活妨碍了学业。
[语境助记]
Although technology might make day to day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days.
虽然科技可能使日常交流成为可能，但在特殊的日子里，额外的努力会大有帮助。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He wouldn't allow emotions to get in ________ way of his job.
②On the way ________ the shop, he found $100.
完成句子
③__________________ (绝不) can we allow this to continue.
2)work out 弄懂某事物；计算出；解决；锻炼)
(教材原句)The answers will lead you to further learning, and the very act of working out questions will help you to achieve a higher level of understanding about the topic.
答案将引导你进一步学习，探究问题的过程有助于你更好地理解该主题。
I believe that you can work out this problem by yourself.
我相信你自己能做出这道题。
With such busy lives，it can be hard to try and find the time to work out.在如此忙碌的生活中，很难找到时间去锻炼。
[归纳拓展] “v.＋out”短语：
break out(战争、火灾、疾病等)突然开始；爆发
carry out执行 die out灭绝；消失
figure out计算；弄清楚 sell out卖光
It would be difficult to figure out the losses at this time.
在这种时候很难计算损失。
She needed a clear head to carry out her instructions.
她需要一个清醒的头脑来执行命令。
Elephants would die out if men were to shoot as they wished.如果人们按自己的意愿去射杀，大象就会灭绝。
[即学即练] 选词填空：work/break/carry/figure
①Something unexpected always ________ out in this area.
②Have you ________ out what's wrong with your car
③Make sure the firm is competent to ________ out the work.
④A fire ________ out in the lower storey during the midnight and soon the whole building was in flames.
⑤If you ________ out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie (卡路里) burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.
完成句子
⑥We have some problems ______________________ (要解决).
3)in short 总而言之；简单地说)
(教材原句)In short：Do not stop being curious.
简而言之：一定要始终保持好奇心。
In short，being a good leader needs courage and practice.
总之，成为一个好的领导者需要勇气和实践。
That young man is honest，cooperative，always there when you need his help.In short, he's reliable.
那个年轻人诚实、好合作，当你需要他的帮助时，他总是在你身边。简而言之，他是可靠的。
[归纳拓展] for short简称，缩写
be short of (＝lack)缺乏；缺少(强调状态)
West Lake Longjing Tea is called Longjing for short.
西湖龙井茶简称龙井。
If I was short of money, he would lend me some.
如果我缺钱，他会借给我一些。
[学法点拨] 表示“总而言之”的短语：
in a word, in one word, in conclusion, to sum up, all in all, on the whole, to be brief, in brief
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ short, the new assistant left a good impression on us.
②The largest dictionary in the world is the Oxford English Dictionary, or OED ________ short.
③This country is short ________ natural resources but rich in human resources.
完成句子
④__________________ (总之)，I will do my best to help make the sports meeting a success.
⑤He ______________________________(缺少) funds now.
4)miss out on错过(机会)；错失)
miss out 略去；遗漏；错过机会
miss the boat 错失良机
miss stays (海)(帆船)抢风失败
miss the mark 未打中目标；未达到目的；未达到预想的结果；不正确，出错
miss the thread of 失去(讲话、讲故事的)线索；忘了头绪
He missed out on chance to go to college because of his illness.他因生病，失去了上大学的机会。
Living in the country, I often feel that I am missing out on the activities of city life.
我住在乡下，常常感到没有机会参加城市生活的活动。
Don't miss out your brother when you send round the invitations.发请帖时不要把你弟弟给漏了。
I will not miss the boat when there is another opportunity next time.如果下次还有机会，我不会错失良机的。
In tracking, the sailors missed stays.
船员们抢风掉向没有成功。
Some people think the book very amusing, but I think it misses the mark.
有人认为这本书十分有趣，但是我看它并不怎么样。
[语境助记]
She had missed the thread of the argument, and didn't know what to say next.她在争论中忘了头绪，不知道接下去讲什么。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The typist has missed ________ a line because of his carelessness.
②Prepare food in advance to ensure you don't miss out ________ the fun.
完成句子
③His account of the accident ________________ (漏掉) one or two important facts.
④Of course I'm coming—I don't want to ________________ (错失好玩的机会)!
5)at the heart of 在……的中心；位于……的中心)
Data is at the heart of Internet applications.
数据是互联网应用的核心。
Switzerland lies at the heart of Europe.瑞士位于欧洲的中心。
At the heart of the phenomenon lie marine microorganisms called phytoplankton.
这种现象的核心是被称为浮游植物的海洋微生物。
[拓展] in the heart of在……的中心；在……的心脏地带
in the centre of...在……中间
Thailand is in the heart of Southeast Asia.
泰国位于东南亚的中心。
Vienna is a beautiful old city on the River Danube in the centre of Europe.维也纳是欧洲中部多瑙河畔的一座美丽的古城。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ the centre of the park is the cafe.
②The political idea ________ the heart of this is the primacy of the individual.
完成句子
③Zhengzhou is located ______________________ (在……的中心)the national railway network.
6)be based on...以……为根据)
(教材原句)Even when an idea sounds entirely unlikely，there may be an aspect of it that is based on truth.即使一个想法听起来完全不可能，其中也许有某个方面是基于事实的。
base n. 底部；基础；基地
vt. 以……为据点；把(总部等)设在
basic adj. 基本的；必需的
basis n. 基础；基点；基准，方式
This novel is based on historical facts.
这部小说是以历史事实为根据的。
He was then taken by minibus to the military base.
接着他被小型公共汽车带到了军事基地。
The two firms are both based in America.
这两家公司都来自美国。
Hospitals lack even basic drugs for surgical operations.
医院甚至缺乏外科手术所必需的药品。
His research formed the basis of his new book.
他的研究成果是他这本新书的基础。
[拓展] an air base空军基地
the base of a column柱基
at the base of在……底部；在……基础上
base...on/upon...以……为基础/根据
base...in...以……为据点，把(总部等)设在……
be basic to对……是基本的；对……是必需的
on the basis of在……的基础上，根据
form the basis of为……建立基础
lay a solid basis for为……打下坚实的基础
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①A liquid layer forms ________ the base of the glacier.
②The students are studying the ________ (base) principles of chemistry.
③His conclusion is based ________ practical experience.
④We judge a worker ________ the basis of his performance.
⑤The two hotels are attractive ________ (base) from which to explore southeast Tuscany.
⑥The organisation is based ________ North Carolina and has programmes in seventy countries.
⑦Remember, even world champion athletes practise their skills on a consistent ________ (base).
7)separate...from把……和……分开)
(教材原句)Instead, they separate the message from the messenger.相反，他们将信息与信息提供者分开。
separation n. 分离；分开
The channel separates the land from the island.
海峡将陆地与岛屿隔开。
[比较] separate/divide
·separate指把原来在一起的东西分开，后接介词from；
We should separate the good from the bad.
我们应该把好的和坏的分开。
·divide指把整体分成若干部分，后接介词into。
In order to play this game，we must divide them into six groups.
为了做这个游戏，我们必须把他们分成六个小组。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The little girl got ________ (separate) from the group in the dark.
②________ (separate) from her children was a terrible thing for her.
③It is impossible to separate belief ________ emotion.
④Household waste can be roughly divided ________ food waste, recyclable waste, harmful waste and other waste.
8)can't help doing sth.情不自禁做某事)
(教材原句)At the beginning, I found it difficult to do this and I couldn't help questioning the ideas I was reading or hearing.一开始，我发现很难做到这一点，我忍不住质疑我正在阅读或听到的想法。
I was moved so much that I couldn't help bursting into tears.我如此感动以至于我不禁放声大哭。
Hearing the news，she couldn't help laughing.
听到这个消息，她禁不住笑了起来。
[拓展] can't help (to) do sth.不能帮助做某事
can't help but do sth.不得不做某事
Because I am too busy, I can't help (to) wash the clothes.
我太忙了，不能帮忙洗衣服了。
I can't help but admire her．我不得不佩服她。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①While shopping, people sometimes can't help ________ (persuade) into buying something they don't really need.
②I can't help ________ (feel) that there has been a mistake.
③Take this medicine. It will help you ________ (get) better.
④As I held my father's hands one night, I couldn't help but ________ (notice) their roughness.
第三版块|典型句式
1)“no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句)
(教材原句)If you try to find out the source of an idea，no matter how crazy it seems，you will increase your chance of learning something.如果你试图找出一个想法的来源，无论这个想法看起来多么不可思议，你都更有机会学到一些东西。
Each person，no matter who he is，must obey the law.
每个人，不管是谁，都必须守法。
(1)no matter意为“不管，无论”，与what/who/which/when/where/how等疑问词连用，引导让步状语从句，相当于whatever/whoever/whichever/whenever/wherever/however等。
Whichever you buy，there is a six month guarantee.
＝No matter which you buy，there is a six month guarantee.
不论你买哪个，都有六个月的保修期。
No matter how hard he may try，he will not succeed.
＝However hard he may try，he will not succeed.
他无论怎么努力去做都不会成功的。
(2)whatever，whichever，whoever既可以引导让步状语从句，又可以引导名词性从句，引导名词性从句时，不可以替换为“no matter＋what/which/who”的形式。
I will just say whatever comes into my mind.
我想到什么就说什么。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I'll do ________ I can to help you.
②—When could you have a meal with me
—I'd like to go ________ it is convenient to you.
③________ hard I tried to think about it, what he said didn't really get across to me.
完成句子
④__________________________________________ (别管他是谁)，we'll act according to the principle.
⑤______________________________________________ (不管她在哪里)，she will be happy.
2)动名词作宾语)
(教材原句)I suggest doing five things to take an active role in your learning.为了积极主动地学习，我建议做五件事。
The squirrels were lucky that they just missed being caught.松鼠们很幸运没有被抓住。
I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon.
如果你今天下午能回电话，我将非常感激。
[拓展]
下列动词或词组一般用动名词作宾语。
consider，suggest，advise，look forward to，admit，delay，put off，fancy，avoid，miss，keep，practise，deny，finish，enjoy，appreciate，forbid，imagine，risk，can't help，mind，allow，permit，escape等。
I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.我几乎不能想象彼得在五天之内横渡大西洋。
He got well prepared for the job interview，for he couldn't risk losing the good opportunity.他为这次工作面试做了充分准备，因为他不能冒失去这次好机会的风险。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Isn't it time you got down to ________ (mark) the papers
②We have to admit ________ (make) a serious error before, for we are far behind at present.
③I enjoy ________ (meet) new people and ________ (travel) a lot.
④My mother finished ________ (clean) the living room a little while ago.
⑤It's a little hot. Would you mind my ________ (open) the window？
3)祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句)
(教材原句)Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.灵活处理你的意见，你最终可能会同意说话人或者作者的观点。
[句式分析] 祈使句表示条件，陈述句表示结果。表示顺承关系时用and，表示转折关系用or。
Use your head，and you'll find a way.
动动脑筋，你会想出办法来的。
Hurry up or we'll be late.抓紧时间，不然我们要迟到了。
[试比较] If you use your head, you'll find a way.
Using your head，(现在分词短语作条件状语)you'll find a way.
[句式拓展] 名词词组 ＋and ＋陈述句
One more hour and I'll get the work finished.
再有一个小时，我就能把工作做完。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Think of a rubber band.In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years ________ it will become dry and easily broken.
②Give me a chance, ________ I'll give you a wonderful surprise.
③Attach the stamp to the envelope, ________ the letter won't be sent.
④More effort ________ you will make greater progress.
4)find＋宾语＋宾补 发现……处于某状态)
(教材原句)If you find your inner voice difficult to control, you can argue with it as most active learners do.
如果你发现内心的声音难以控制，你可以像大多数主动学习者那样和它争论。
[句子分析]
find your inner voice difficult to control中，your inner voice是宾语，difficult to control是宾补。该句相当于find it difficult to control your inner voice。
“find＋宾语＋宾补”中宾补的形式：
(1)形容词/副词/名词(短语)
I find my knowledge of the project limited.
我发现自己对这一项目的了解有限。(形容词作宾补)
When we got home, we found all the lights on.
我们到家时发现所有的灯都亮着。(副词作宾补)
The two brothers found Henry a penniless man.
这兄弟俩发现亨利身无分文。(名词短语作宾补)
(2)介词短语
He found his father in heavy debt.他发现他的父亲负债累累。
(3)现在分词(表主动或正在进行)
She turned around and found a man staring at her.
她转过身，发现一名男子在盯着她看。
(4)过去分词(表被动或已经完成)
He found his bike stolen.他发现他的自行车被偷了。
[注意]
(1)不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，而把不定式放到宾补之后。结构：find ＋it ＋宾补 ＋不定式。如：
I find it important to learn English well.
我发现学好英语很重要。
(2)此类构成这种复合宾语的动词还有think, believe, consider(认为), make, feel等。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①When he woke up and found ________ (he) alone, the 4 year old decided his brother might be on the train he saw in front of him—so he got on.
②Three months later I found myself ________ a plane to Phoenix, Arizona.
③As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself ________ (greet) by a group of little Gentoo penguins longing to say hello.
④When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself ________ (wander) down to Southbank, spending hours there.
⑤I feel ________ useless sitting here quarrelling about it.
⑥I feel it my duty ________ (help) others.
句子转换
⑦I feel English easy to learn well.
→I feel it ________ to ______________ well.
→I feel it ________ easy to ________ English well.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The ________ (外部的) walls of the castle were built with six feet thick bricks.
2．A more ________ (灵活的) approach to childcare arrangements is needed.
3．He's ________ (不大可能) to find a better job than the former one.
4．From the documentary, we can tell there is no evidence that life ________ (存在) on other planets.
5．He ________ (忽视) his friend's advice and refused to take action.
6．Pictures of ________ (恐龙) popped up in Jurassic Park.
7．This computer can store as much ________ (资料) as many larger models.
8．I think we can safely ________ (假设) that the mysterious sculptor is out of town.
9．My reaction was ________ (无意识的).
10．He reached into the ________ (内部的) pocket of his jacket and held out a mask.
Ⅱ.短语填空
end up, on the assumption that, in short, attempt to, at the heart of, argue with, first impression, work out, reflect on, be based on
1．I will ____________ answer all your questions about global warming.
2．He wrote in his journal，“Freedom is ____________ happiness.”
3．Green politics ____________ the belief that the resources of the planet are limited and individuals are involved.
4．Her beauty is beyond description, which is my ____________ of her.
5．Stop doing that or you'll ____________ in serious trouble.
6．To ____________ the difficult maths problem, I have discussed with my partner several times.
7．____________， I am interested in his fiction.
8．I hope in years to come he will ____________ his decision after the failure.
9．Do what you are told by the organiser and don't ____________ me!
10．The law works ____________ it is of help for the youth who live with a single parent.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Two years ago, while Cathy ________ (watch) the Olympics, a dream came into her sweet little head—to be a swimmer.
2．But Inglis ended up ________ (buy) hundreds of them himself, with the idea of repairing and selling them.
3．Hospital patients who see tree branches out of their window are likely ________ (recover) at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.
4．For years I wanted to do everything my elder brother Tyson did, but no matter ________ hard I tried, I was always the neglected (被忽略的) one.
5．Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle ________ is ahead of you for the day.
6．The GPNP is designed ________ (reflect) the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”．
7．A city is the product of the human hand and mind, ________ (reflect) man's intelligence and creativity.
8．Recent research suggests that if an ________ (argue) gets resolved，the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased.
9．It ________ (assume) that a large brain makes huge advantages.
10．China has a responsibility to work with other countries ________ (promote) the healthy development of the tea industry.
11．Some time after 10，000 BC, people made the first real attempt ________ (control) the world they lived in, through agriculture.
12．Mom and pop carmakers are unlikely ________ (beat) the biggest car companies.
13．The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work ________ (base) on our present mental register.
14．Scientists are trying their best to save the species from going out of ________ (exist).
15．Hundreds of people have formed ________ (impress) of you through that little device (装置) on your desk.
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．她的幽默感给我们留下了深刻的印象。(leave an impression on sb.)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．我们都觉得用两天的时间完成这个任务是不可能的。(find＋it＋adj.＋to do)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．这群学生按照教授告知的那样进行了两周的实验。(as引导方式状语从句)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．时间是救援计划的核心。(at the heart of...)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．她不大可能再犯同样的错误了。(It is unlikely that...)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
6．没有人知道世界是怎么形成的。(come into existence)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
7．我们的确能从阅读中获益很多。(It is true that...)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
8．好的小说读起来很有趣。(主语＋be＋adj.＋to do)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
9．一方面，网络能为学生提供丰富的学习资源，另一方面，它也困扰着学生们。(on the one hand...on the other hand...)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
10．努力学习吧，你会被重点大学录取的！(祈使句＋and＋陈述句)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
11．你觉得提高英语口语难吗？如果不难的话，你能给我们一些好的建议吗？(状语从句的省略)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
12．不管天气多冷，他每天都坚持晨跑。(“no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Section B Lesson 1 Active Learning
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．attempt 2.train 3.opinion 4.dinosaur 5.data 6.paragraph
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．reflection 2.argument 3.assumption 4.automatically 5.promotion 6.unlikely 7.existence 8.ignorant；ignorance
9．impression
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．做笔记 2.集中(注意力、精力)于，把重点放在……上
3．思考 4.注意 5.不同的观点 6.训练某人成为……
7．建议做某事 8.在……中起积极的作用；积极参与…… 9.妨碍，阻碍 10.持续做某事 11.同意某人(的看法)
12．毕竟；终究 13.如果不；不然的话 14.至少 15.做某事的方法 16.在……的中心 17.以……为根据/基础
18．错过(机会)；错失
1．by oneself 2.listen to the outer voice 3.focus on the message 4.argue with your inner voice 5.need to do sth. 6.risk doing sth. 7.in the background 8.in this way
9．make decisions 10.end up doing 11.lead sb. to sth.
12．work out 13.in short 14.stop doing sth.
15．attempt to
课文研析·语篇理解
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．B 2.D 3.C 4.A
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
1．actively 2.on 3.an 4.useful 5.what 6.better
7．to control 8.is 9.truth 10.based
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．①reflection ②on ③is reflected ④reflective
⑤reflect your real opinions
2．①into ②an ③argument ④about ⑤with
⑥against ⑦have an argument with/argue with
⑧have argued for a long time
3．①assumptions ②to be ③It ④on ⑤Assuming
⑥Judging ⑦Given ⑧We assume that ⑨It is assumed that
4．①was promoted ②promotion ③promoted ④to
⑤to get promoted ⑥the promotion of world peace
5．①in ②at ③to find ④to escape ⑤at
6．①on ②existence ③in ④by ⑤existent
⑥There exists ⑦come into existence
7．①ignorance ②ignorant ③of ④can't ignore the fact that
⑤Ignoring the difference
8．①on ②impression ③with ④with/by
⑤Her fluent spoken English made/left a deep impression on us.
⑥We were impressed with/by her fluent spoken English.
第二版块|重要短语
1．①the ②to ③In no way
2．①breaks ②figured ③carry ④broke ⑤work
⑥to work out
3．①In ②for ③of ④In short ⑤is short of
4．①out ②on ③misses out ④miss out on all the fun
5．①In ②at/in ③at/in the heart of
6．①at ②basic ③on ④on ⑤bases ⑥in ⑦basis
7．①separated ②Separation ③from ④into
8．①being persuaded ②feeling ③(to) get ④notice
第三版块|典型句式
1．①whatever ②whenever ③However
④No matter who/Whoever he is
⑤No matter where/Wherever she may be
2．①marking ②having made ③meeting；travelling
④cleaning ⑤opening
3．①and ②and ③or ④and
4．①himself ②on ③greeted ④wandering ⑤it
⑥to help ⑦easy; learn English; is; learn
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．outer 2.flexible 3.unlikely 4.exists 5.ignored
6．dinosaurs 7.data 8.assume 9.automatic 10.inner
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．attempt to 2.at the heart of 3.is based on
4．first impression 5.end up 6.work out 7.In short
8．reflect on 9.argue with 10.on the assumption that
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．was watching 2.buying 3.to recover 4.how
5．whatever 6.to reflect 7.reflecting 8.argument
9．is assumed 10.to promote 11.to control 12.to beat
13．is based 14.existence 15.impressions
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．Her sense of humour left a deep impression on us.
2．We all find it impossible to finish the task in two days.
3．This group of students carried out a two week experiment as they were told by the professor.
4．Time is at the heart of the rescue plan.
5．It was unlikely that she would make the same mistake again.
6．No one knows how the world came into existence.
7．It is true that we can benefit a lot from reading.
8．A good novel is interesting to read.
9．On the one hand, the network can provide students with rich learning resources; on the other hand, it also bothers students.
10．Study hard and you will be admitted into a key university!
11．Do you find spoken English difficult to improve If not, would you give us some good advice
12．No matter how cold it is, he keeps running every morning.Section C Lesson 2 Language Learning Tips
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ adj. 经典的
2．____________ prep. 超出……范围
3．____________ n. 语块
4．____________ n. 策略；战略；规划
5．____________ n. (美)足球
6．____________ n. 上下文；语境；背景
7．____________ n. 输入；投入
8．____________ adj. 奇特的
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．simplify vt.使简化→________ adj.简化了的
2．familiar adj.熟悉的→________ adj.不熟悉的，不了解的
3．memory n．记忆力；记性→________ vt.记住；熟记
4．effective adj.有效的→________ adv.有效地
5．recommend vt.推荐；建议→________ n．推荐
6．sufficient adj.充足的→________ n．足量；充足
7．normal adj.正常的→________ adv.通常，平常
8．acquire vt.学习，获得(知识，技能)→________ n.(知识、技能等的)获得，得到
9．way n．路，道路→________ n．[美]地铁
10．world n．世界→________ adj. & adv.遍及世界的；在全世界
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
A 写出下列短语的汉意
1．read simplified classic works
________________
2．check the dictionary while reading
________________
3．guess the meaning of an unfamiliar word
________________
4．memorise grammar rules ________________
5．beyond the classroom ________________
6．learn words in context ________________
7．learn words in chunks ________________
8．be honoured to do sth. ________________
9．act out ________________
B 写出下列汉语所对应的英文短语
1．________________ 增加英语知识
2．________________ 处理不熟悉的单词
3．________________ 有效策略
4．________________ 有效学习英语
5．________________ 用简单英语改写的小说
第一版块|核心单词
1)memorise vt.记住；熟记)
(教材原句)to memorise grammar rules and do a lot of exercises记住语法规则，做大量的练习
memorisation n. 记忆
memory n. 回忆；记忆；记忆力
in memory of 纪念；追念……
in/within one's memory 在某人的记忆里
from memory 凭记忆
have a good/bad memory 记忆力好/差
This reduces the burden of memorisation and helps you learn faster.
这可以减轻你的记忆负担，帮助你学得更快。
He founded the charity in memory of his late wife.
他创办了这一慈善机构以纪念他已故的妻子。
[搭配]
memorise vocabulary/a poem
记住词汇/一首诗
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①An actor must be able to ________ (memory) his lines.
②There hasn't been peace in the country ________ my memory.
③His best music was inspired by the ________ (memorise) of his mother.
④Some are able to draw highly accurate and detailed images ________ memory.
完成句子
⑤I ________________ (记忆力很好) so I learn more quickly than others.
2)beyond prep.超出……范围)
(教材原句)My tip for learning English is to read simplified classic works because they can increase my knowledge of English beyond the classroom.
我学习英语的窍门是阅读简化了的经典著作，因为它们能增加我课堂之外的英语知识。
beyond belief 难以置信
beyond description 无法形容
beyond expression 无法形容，表达不出来
beyond recognition (变得)认不出来
beyond comparison/beyond compare 无与伦比
beyond doubt 毋庸置疑；确实地
far beyond 远远超出
The scenery there was beautiful beyond expression.
那里的风景美得无法形容。
The exercise was beyond the abilities of most of the class.这个练习超出了班上大多数学生的能力。
Our success was far beyond what we thought possible.
我们的成功远远超出了我们的估计范围。
[拓展]
beyond one's reach某人够不到
beyond one's control某人无法控制
beyond one's comprehension
超出某人的理解能力
beyond one's wildest dreams
某人做梦也想不到
beyond one's power
超出某人的权力范围
[即学即练] 完成句子
①The beauty of the West Lake is ________________ (无法形容).
②The research showed ____________________ (毋庸置疑) that smoking contributes to heart disease.
③The beauty of the scenery in the desert is ________________ (无与伦比).
④I'm sorry it's ________________ (超出我的权力) to make a final decision on the project.
⑤Becoming a millionaire was ________________ (他做梦也想不到).
3)recommend vt.推荐；建议 recommendation n．推荐；建议)
(教材原句)I would recommend that you try simplified classic literature, such as short stories and novels rewritten in simple English.我建议你试着读经典文学作品的简写本，比如用简单英语改写的短篇故事和小说。
recommend sb. sth. 给某人推荐某物
recommend sb./sth. to sb. 将某人/某物推荐给某人
recommend sb.for... 推荐某人做……(某职位)
recommend sb./sth. as... 推荐某人/某物为……
recommend doing sth. 建议做某事
recommend sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事
recommend＋that从句 建议……[从句用虚拟语气(should) do]
make recommendations for 提出……的建议
on the recommendation of 通过……的推荐
Thank you for recommending me for the position of a manager.谢谢你推荐我担任经理一职。
My neighbour recommended her own daughter as an excellent secretary!
我的邻居推荐她自己的女儿，说她是个极好的秘书！
Doctors recommend washing produce very carefully.
医生建议仔细清洗农产品。
I recommend you to think very carefully before you make any decision.我建议你在做任何决定之前都要仔细考虑。
The doctor recommended that he (should) stay a few more days in hospital.医生建议他在医院再待几天。
It can also speak different languages and make recommendations for different items based on what the customer is shopping for.
它还能说不同的语言，并根据客户的购物需求推荐不同的商品。
[语境助记]
I bought this magazine on the recommendation of a friend.我通过一位朋友的推荐而买了这本杂志。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She was recommended ________ the post by a colleague.
②I recommended the girl ________ the shopkeeper as a shop assistant.
③My teacher recommended me ________ (revise) the notes before the exams.
④I can recommend these poems ________ some of the most moving that I have read this year.
⑤I had the operation ________ the recommendation of my doctor.
⑥Mary is annoyed. I recommend ________ (leave) her alone.
⑦The committee's ________ (recommend) are unlikely to be made public.
⑧The policy recommends that young athletes who may have a concussion ________ (take) off the field as soon as possible.
完成句子
⑨________________________________________________________________________
(强烈建议) that the machines should be checked every year.
4)sufficient adj.充足的)
(教材原句)With sufficient language input, I'm sure you can learn English effectively.
如果有足够的语言输入，我相信你能有效地学习英语。
be sufficient to do sth. 足以做某事
be sufficient for 对……来说足够
sufficient time 充足的时间
sufficient evidence 充分的证据
sufficient supply 充足的供应
sufficient conditions 充分条件
These reasons are not sufficient to justify the ban.
这些理由不足以证明实施禁令有理。
Is 100 yuan sufficient for your expenses
100元够你花销吗？
Give yourself sufficient time to get really stuck into your subject matter.给自己足够的时间专注于你的主题。
[拓展]
sufficiently adv. 足够地，充足地
The following day she felt sufficiently well to go to work.第二天，她感觉好转，完全可以去上班了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The money is not sufficient ________ (cover) everything that needs doing.
②Lighting levels should be sufficient ________ photography without flash.
③The holes were ________ (sufficient) large to serve as nests.
完成句子
④We have ________________ (充分的证据) to prove your point wrong.
⑤In the exam, if you have ________________ (充足的时间), you can check the questions again.
5)normally adv.通常，平常；正常地)
(教材原句)So what do you normally do to memorise new words？那么你通常是怎么记忆新单词的呢？
behave normally 表现得若无其事
beat normally (心脏等)跳动正常
normal adj. 正常的；正规的；精神健全的
n. 正常；常态；标准
under normal circumstances 一般情况下
go/get back to normal 恢复正常
return to normal 恢复正常
above/below normal 高于/低于正常水平
It is normal (for sb.) to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事是正常的。
I normally travel by public transport.
我通常乘坐公共交通工具出行。
We will go/get back to normal when things calm down.
事态平息之后，我们将恢复正常。
Her temperature has returned to normal.
她的体温已经恢复正常了。
Rainfall has been above normal this July.
今年7月份降雨量高于正常水平。
It is normal for patients to feel sad, angry and fearful.
病人会感到悲伤、生气和恐惧，这都是正常的。
[比较] normal/ordinary/regular
normal“正常的，标准的”，指不超过某种限度，符合某种标准或常规；
ordinary“普通的，平常的”，强调一般性和普遍性，含有不突出的意味；
regular“定期的，规则的”，指已有模式是有规律的或定期的。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The water level of the Mississippi River has already been 6.5 feet ________ normal after several heavy rains.
②It took me a long time to return ________ normal after we finished shooting.
③The participants followed suit, taking more food than they ________ (normal) would have.
④My mother was quite angry about my grades, which made her blood pressure ________ normal.
选词填空：normal/ordinary/regular
⑤It's ________ to feel tired after such a long trip.
⑥The old woman is our ________ customer. She shops here on a regular basis.
⑦I strongly believe that most ________ people would agree with me.
(6)acquire vt.学习，获得（知识，技能）
(教材原句)Very slowly, you will start to acquire the rules and use them without thinking.
慢慢地，你会开始掌握规则并且不用思考就能使用它们。
acquire knowledge/skills 获得知识/技能
acquire a good knowledge of 精通……
acquire a good reputation for 获得……好名声
acquire a taste for 开始喜欢……
We must acquire advanced science and technology.
我们一定要把先进的科学技术学到手。
We must work hard to acquire a good knowledge of English.我们必须用功学习才能精通英语。
His character acquired him a good reputation.
他的品格使他得到好名声。
He used to hate stinky tofu, but has acquired a taste for it recently.他以前很讨厌臭豆腐，但最近开始慢慢喜欢上它的味道。
[拓展]
acquisition n．获得；所获之物；收购
Life is a process about the acquisition of knowledge, wealth and happiness.生命就是一个获得知识、财富和幸福的过程。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He was showing off his latest ________ (acquire), a new computer game.
②Mary's new ________ (acquire) were two dresses, a hat and a pair of shoes.
③I've acquired a taste ________ African music since my trip last year to Nigeria.
④Knowledge can ________ (acquire) by reading books.
完成句子
⑤The dish is not bad. I'm beginning to ________________ (开始喜欢) it.
第二版块|重要短语
1)come across 偶然发现；偶然遇见；被理解)
(教材原句)For example, when reading English stories, try to keep reading on even when you come across some new words.例如，在阅读英语故事时，即使遇到一些生词，也要尽量继续阅读。
come about 发生，产生
come up to 达到(标准等)；比得上
come up 走近；即将发生；被提及
come up with 想出；提出
come to 共计；达到；苏醒
come over 突然感到；短暂造访
come out 出现；出版；开花；公开表明
When reading articles related to science, we often come across difficult or unfamiliar words.
读与科学相关的文章时，我们常常碰到难词或生词。
He spoke for a long time, but his meaning did not come across.他讲了很久，但他的意思没有被人理解。
Our class came up with the idea to make better use of used materials.我们班的同学提出了这一想法，以更好地利用旧材料。
[语境助记]
My first novel came out while I was at college.
我在上大学时出版了我的第一部小说。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I came ________ an old friend at the party last night.
②My teacher came ________ and talked with me face to face.
③I was amazed that the little boy had come up ________ this sweet idea.
④My aunt came ________ for a visit yesterday.
⑤Please tell me how the accident came ________．
完成句子
⑥We were delighted to ______________________ (偶然相遇) in the restaurant because he had been away for ten years.
2)be/feel honoured to do sth. 很荣幸做某事)
(教材原句)Today, we're honoured to have two special guests with us to tell us about this.
今天，我们很荣幸有两位特别来宾和我们一起谈论这件事。
be honoured for 因……而受尊敬
be honoured as 被尊为……
be honoured with sth.( for sth.) (因某事而)荣获……
I am indeed honoured to have you as a guest.
有您这样的客人我是真的感到非常荣幸。
He returned to India in 1915 and was honoured as a hero.
他于1915年回到印度，并被尊为英雄。
He has been honoured with a knighthood for his scientific work.他因科研成就而获授爵士头衔。
We are most honoured that you have taken time to meet with us.您抽时间来会见我们，我们感到非常荣幸。
The old man was honoured for his contribution to the people.
这位老人因其对人民做出的贡献而受到尊敬。
feel it an honour to do sth. 感觉做某事是一种荣幸
it is an honour to do sth. 做某事是一种荣幸
in honour of 为了纪念……
She felt it an honour to have taken part in the activity.
她感觉参加这项活动是一种荣幸。
It is a great honour to be invited here today.
今天承蒙邀请到此，深感荣幸。
The monument was built in honour of the soldiers who died for the country.这座纪念碑是为纪念为国捐躯的战士而建造的。
[句式] Sb. be honoured that... 某人为……而感到很荣幸。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①In my office only I was honoured ________ an invitation.
②I do think ________ is a great honour to take part in the activity.
③They named the school after the hero ________ honour of him.
④He felt greatly ________ (honour) to be invited to the wedding ceremony.
⑤The employee was honoured ________ his great help to the manager.
⑥He thinks it is ________ honour to take part in this competition.
⑦Because of his achievements, he was honoured ________ one of China's sages of calligraphy.
完成句子
⑧We ________________ (很荣幸) on the scene while all this is happening.
⑨I wrote a book ________________ (为了纪念) my most respected teacher.
3)apart from除了；除了……外(都)；要不是；此外；加之 apartment n．公寓；房间；公寓套房)
(教材原句)Apart from pronunciation, we use different words for describing the same things.
除了发音，我们还用不同的词描述同样的事物。
Our team, apart from regular training, will join in a variety of activities.我们队除了常规训练之外，还将参加各种各样的活动。
I have finished apart from the last question.
除了最后一道题，我全做完了。
It was a difficult time. Apart from everything else, we had financial problems.
当时是困难时期。别的且不说，我们财政上就有问题。
[归纳拓展]
apart from“除……之外(还，都)”，相当于介词besides和短语介词as well as, in addition to。
In addition to swimming, she likes playing the guitar.
除了游泳，她还喜欢弹吉他。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Apart ________ their house in London, they also have a villa (别墅) in Spain.
②The ________ (apart) are ideal for single people living alone.
完成句子
③________________ (除……之外) Li Hua, eight other students are going to take part in the sports meeting to be held this Friday.
4)in one way or another不管怎样，无论如何；以某种方式；用这样或那样的方式)
(教材原句)Though they are different in one way or another, people have no difficulty in understanding each other.虽然它们在某种程度上有所不同，但人们相互理解起来没有困难。
Next week, we must have it done in one way or another.
下周，我们怎么也得把它做完。
All life on our earth depends, in one way or another, on the sun.地球上的一切生命都以这样或那样的方式依靠太阳而生存。
in a way＝ in one way＝ in some way
在某种程度上；不完全地
the other way round 颠倒过来；相反；反过来
In a way, I suppose I'm frightened of failing.
我想，从某种程度上来说我害怕失败。
We have to show our gratitude in some way.
我们得以某种方式表达我们的感激之情。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①But sometimes, he maintains, things work ______________________________ (相反).
②Most of the food we buy is processed ____________________________ (在某种程度上).
③These desires must be ________________________________________ (以某种方式) directed by a common goal.
④Most people's passions help others ____________________ (用这样或那样的方式).
5)have (no) difficulty in doing sth.(毫不)费力地做某事)
“做某事有困难，在某方面有困难”的其他表达：
have trouble/difficulty with sth.
have trouble (in) doing sth.
have a hard/difficult time (in) doing sth.
I had no difficulty (in) making myself understood.
我毫不费力地表达清楚了自己的意思。
As a Chinese student, I have difficulty in pronouncing English.作为一名中国学生，我在英语发音方面有困难。
He has trouble with his breathing.他呼吸有困难。
Children with autism have difficulty with communication.自闭症儿童在沟通方面有困难。
He is having trouble getting his message across to the voters.他难以向选民传达自己的意思。
I have a hard time paying attention in class.
在课堂上，我很难集中注意力。
I had a difficult time persuading him to accept the offer.
我费了很多功夫说服他接受那个提议。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①On the fourth or fifth night, we had trouble ________ (find) a hotel with a vacancy.
②She had more difficulty ________ (keep) focused.
③By then, Steve was having a hard time ________ (remember) the names of some of his friends.
④She's having a lot of difficulty ________ the new computer, but she doesn't know whom to turn to.
完成句子
⑤I am sorry to hear that ______________________________ (你在提高……有困难) your English at your new school.
6)catch on理解，明白；变得流行)
catch on to 懂得；领悟
catch hold of 抓住
catch sb. doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事
catch one's breath 歇口气；屏住呼吸
catch one's eye 引起某人注意；惹人注目
catch up with 跟上，赶上
Being a foreigner, Carl did not catch on to the joke.
卡尔是外国人，没有理解这个笑话。
It was a popular style in Britain, but it never really caught on in Italy.
这种款式在英国很流行，但在意大利从未真正流行起来。
I threw out some hints, but unfortunately, he failed to catch on.
我给了他一些暗示，可惜他没领会。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It was a long time before the police caught ________ to what he was really doing.
②Don't get caught ________ (make) an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant.
③He quickened his pace to catch up ________ the others.
④There was one painting that caught my ________ (eye).
⑤The boy caught hold ________ a log and was saved from drowning.
第三版块|典型句式
1)the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语))
(教材原句)The more you listen, the easier it is to catch on.
你听得越多，就越容易理解。
说明 “the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语), the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)”表示“越……，就越……”，前者表示条件，后者表示结果。
stronger and stronger 越来越强大
more and more important 越来越重要
(2)what's more 更重要的是
once more 再次；又
more or less 或多或少；几乎；差不多
The more time you spend in any given country, the more comfortable you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
你在一个国家待的时间越长，你就会对这个国家的外国文化习俗感到越舒服。
The more he thought, the more confused he became.
他越想越糊涂。
She became more and more excited.她越来越兴奋了。
The boy was running faster and faster.
男孩跑得越来越快了。
More and more people are using smart phones for information and entertainment.
越来越多的人在用智能手机获取信息和娱乐。
Her health has more or less improved.
她的身体状况多少有点好转了。
[语境助记]
If parents have children help with housework, the children will feel needed. What's more, they will learn to take care of themselves.
如果父母让孩子帮忙做家务，孩子们会感觉自己是被需要的。更重要的是，他们将学会照顾自己。
Once more the soldiers attacked and once more they were defeated.士兵们又发起了进攻，但又一次被打败了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The more one tries to hide, the ________ (much) is exposed.
②The more fat you take in before bedtime, the ________ (great) burden you will put on your body at night.
完成句子
③________________ (越多) books I read, ________________ (越多) information I learn.
④The work is ________________ (差不多) finished.
⑤He studies very hard, and ______________________________ (更重要的是), he is ready to help others.
⑥As time goes by, the girl becomes ________________ (越来越漂亮).
2)while doing...状语从句的省略)
(教材原句)to check the dictionary while reading
阅读时查词典
She always sings while doing her work.
她干活时总是唱歌。
[用法归纳] 当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。
(1)时间状语从句的省略。
While in Beijing, I paid a visit to the Great Wall.
在北京时，我参观了长城。
(2)条件状语从句的省略。
The girl never gave in unless wrong.
这个女孩绝不屈服，除非她错了。
(3)方式状语从句的省略。
The teacher left the classroom silently as if angry.
这位老师默默地离开了教室，好像生气了。
[即学即练] 用省略完成句子
①He often makes mistakes __________________________ (说英语时).
②________________ (除非被修理), the machine is of no use.
③She stood at the gate __________________________ (好像在等人).
④Some flowers shut up at night ________________ (好像要睡觉一样).
(3)don't think否定转移
(教材原句)Well, I don't think memorising the word list is the best way to learn words.
嗯，我认为记忆单词表不是学习单词的最好方法。
I don't think he is a good doctor.
我认为他不是一个好医生。
[用法归纳] 若谓语动词think, suppose, believe, imagine, expect, feel为没有任何副词修饰的一般现在时，且其主语是第一人称，则它们的否定式实际上是对宾语从句的否定，表示说话者提出一种委婉的看法或主张。
I don't think that he will help us.
我认为他不会帮助我们。
I don't suppose that she likes it.
我认为她不喜欢它。
I don't believe that he is right.
我认为他不对。
[说明]
若谓语动词为hope，则宾语从句中的否定不能转移。
I hope you aren't ill.我希望你没生病。
[即学即练] 翻译句子
①我认为我父亲不喜欢我的礼物。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
②我想汤姆不喜欢这本书。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
③我相信你不必忧虑。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I'd appreciate your ________ (投入) on the cause.
2．You should be able to work out the meaning of the word from the ________ (上下文).
3．The ________ (奇特的) thing was that he didn't recognise me even though I took off my costume.
4．The story has attracted ________ (遍及世界的) attention recently.
5．Our new ________ (策略) will better meet our customers' needs and increase the profits.
6．I ________ (推荐) that you buy the science fiction works written by Liu Cixin.
7．Don't hesitate to call me if you want to borrow the ________ (小说).
8．There is currently ________ (充足的) time.
9．Comedy character Mr. Bean is a ________ (经典的) example of British humour.
10．The rules of the contest are quite ________ (不熟悉的) to most people.
11．Try to ________ (记住) his name as soon as possible if you want to make a good impression on him.
12．Her fame had spread far ________ (超出……范围) South Africa after his outstanding performance in the contest.
Ⅱ.短语填空
catch on, turn on, in one way or another, apart from, be sufficient for, in the context of, look up, come across, acquire a good knowledge of, be unfamiliar to
1．You must work hard to ____________ a foreign language.
2．Then I ____________ to what the man was saying.
3．I've finished ____________ the last question.
4．Every time we do something wrong, we get punished ____________．
5．This speech needs to be set ____________ Britain in the 1960s.
6．I ____________ a group of children playing last Sunday.
7．Many people have to ____________ the meaning of this word in the dictionary.
8．I didn't ____________ the light, so I felt my way across the room.
9．She grew many wonderful plants that __________ me.
10．A few brief comments ____________ present purpose.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．So it was ________ great honour to be invited backstage at the not for profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research.
2．Whaley recalls (回想起) how at the beginning of the year, when ________ (call) upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.
3．Usually, the ________ (strange) the idea is, the more it gets noticed.
4．He recommended that she ________ (do) some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.
5．The course ________ (normal) attracts about 100 students per year, of whom up to half will be from abroad.
6．It took him a long time ________ (acquire) the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
7．Boldness—a willingness to extend yourself to the extreme—is not one that can ________ (acquire) overnight.
8．It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar ________．
9．Regardless of your choice of course, you'll develop your language ability both quickly and ________ (effective).
10．Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ________ (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit.
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．你读的书越多，你的问题就会变得越简单。(the＋比较级．.., the＋比较级．..)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．我们毫不费力就找到了你说的那个地址。(have no difficulty in doing sth.)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．我很荣幸能在这里发表演讲。(be honoured to do sth.)
________________________________________________________________________
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4．不管怎样，社团经验会影响你的生活和职业。(in one way or another)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．起初，他对当地的饮食习惯不熟悉。(be unfamiliar with)
________________________________________________________________________
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6．强烈建议每天锻炼一小时。(It is strongly recommended that...)
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Section C Lesson 2 Language Learning Tips
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．classic 2.beyond 3.chunk 4.strategy 5.soccer
6．context 7.input 8.odd
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．simplified 2.unfamiliar 3.memorise 4.effectively
5．recommendation 6.sufficiency 7.normally 8.acquisition
9．subway 10.worldwide
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．阅读简化了的经典著作 2.阅读时查词典 3.猜出生词的意思 4.记住语法规则 5.课堂之外 6.在上下文中学习单词 7.学习词块 8.很荣幸做某事 9.将……表演出来
1．increase knowledge of English 2.deal with unfamiliar words 3.effective strategies 4.learn English effectively
5．novels rewritten in simple English
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．①memorise ②in/within ③memory ④from
⑤have a good memory
2．①beyond description/expression ②beyond doubt
③beyond comparison/compare ④beyond my power
⑤beyond his wildest dreams
3．①for ②to ③to revise ④as ⑤on ⑥leaving
⑦recommendations ⑧be taken ⑨It's strongly recommended
4．①to cover ②for ③sufficiently ④sufficient evidence ⑤sufficient time
5．①above ②to ③normally ④above ⑤normal
⑥regular ⑦ordinary
6．①acquisition ②acquisitions ③for ④be acquired
⑤acquire a taste for
第二版块|重要短语
1．①across ②up ③with ④over ⑤about
⑥come across each other
2．①with ②it ③in ④honoured ⑤for ⑥an ⑦as
⑧feel honoured to be/feel it an honour to be
⑨in honour of
3．①from ②apartments
③Apart from/Besides/As well as/In addition to
4．①the other way round ②in a/one/some way
③in one way or another/in a way/in one way/in some way
④in one way or another
5．①finding ②keeping ③remembering ④with
⑤you are having difficulty/trouble (in) improving或you are having a hard/difficult time (in) improving
6．①on ②making ③with ④eye ⑤of
第三版块|典型句式
1．①more ②greater ③The more; the more
④more or less ⑤what's more ⑥more and more beautiful
2．①when speaking English ②Unless repaired
③as if waiting for someone ④as if to sleep
3．①I don't think that my father likes my gift.
②I don't suppose that Tom likes the book.
③I don't believe you need worry.
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．input 2.context 3.odd 4.worldwide 5.strategy
6．recommend 7.novel 8.sufficient 9.classic
10．unfamiliar 11.memorise 12.beyond
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．acquire a good knowledge of 2.caught on 3.apart from 4.in one way or another 5.in the context of 6.came across
7．look up 8.turn on 9.were unfamiliar to 10.are sufficient for
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．a 2.called 3.stranger 4.do 5.normally 6.to acquire
7．be acquired 8.with 9.effectively 10.recommended
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．The more books you read, the easier your problem will become.
2．We had no difficulty in finding the address you said.
3．I am honoured to make a speech here.
4．Club experience will influence your life and career in one way or another.
5．At first, he was unfamiliar with the local eating habits.
6．It is strongly recommended that we (should) do exercise for an hour every day.单元语法专项(2)——主谓一致
主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致。主谓一致主要有三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
一、语法一致原则◎
语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致：主语是单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。
1．不可数名词或可数名词单数作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
·Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。
·The student studies very hard.
这个学生学习非常努力。
·The students study very hard.
这些学生学习非常努力。
2．单个的不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
·To see is to believe.眼见为实。
·Staring at someone is impolite.
盯着某人看是不礼貌的。
·What he said has been recorded.
他说的话已被录音。
【学法点拨】
当what引导的主语从句表示复数概念时，谓语动词用复数。
What we badly need are good teachers.
我们急需好老师。
3．当主语后面接with，together with，along with，like，in addition to, as well as, including, rather than, besides, except，but等连接的词语时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致。
·Steve, together with his wife, is moving off tonight.史蒂夫和他妻子将于今晚出发。
·The teacher as well as the students likes this painting.不仅学生，老师也喜欢这幅画。
4．不定代词each，either，neither及由some ，any ， no ， every 构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
·Believe it or not, everyone here has a gift for music.信不信由你，这里人人都有音乐天赋。
5．由each...and (each)..., every...and (every)..., no...and (no)...连接的两个名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
·Each teacher and (each) student was given a ticket.每一位老师和学生都得到了一张票。
·Every hour and (every) minute is important for us.每一小时和每一分钟对我们来说都很重要。
·No sound and (no) voice is heard.
听不见任何声响。
6．“many a/more than one＋可数名词单数”作主语时，尽管意义上表达复数，但谓语动词要用单数形式。
·Many a student was on the spot when the accident happened.事故发生时，许多学生在现场。
·More than one person is against the proposal.不止一个人反对这条建议。
7．“one and a half＋可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。
·One and a half apples are left on the table.
桌子上有一个半苹果。
8．“one of＋可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
·One of the students in our class is a Canadian.
我们班里有一名学生是加拿大人。
【误区警示】
在“one of＋可数名词复数＋定语从句”结构中，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式。当one前面出现the only, the very等修饰语时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
·He is one of the students who have a gift for music.
他是有音乐天赋的学生之一。
·He is the only one of the students in our class who has a gift for music.
他是我们班唯一一个有音乐天赋的学生。
9．一些形式为复数但表达单数意义的名词如trousers，pants，shoes，glasses，scissors等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。但当这类名词前有pair修饰时，要根据pair的单复数来确定谓语的单数或复数形式。
·Her glasses are new.她的眼镜是新的。
·This pair of scissors belongs to the tailor.
这把剪刀是这个裁缝的。
10．在倒装句中，谓语动词与其后的主语保持一致。
·Between the two buildings is a monument.
两座建筑物之间矗立着一座纪念碑。
·After the exam is the time for rest.
考完试就可以休息了。
二、意义一致原则◎
意义一致原则是指从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题。有时主语在形式上并非复数，但有复数意义，谓语动词便用复数形式；反之，主语在形式上是复数，而在意义上可视为单数，谓语动词则用单数形式。
1．集体名词作主语，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调其成员，谓语动词用复数形式。
常见的集体名词有army，audience，class，club，committee (委员会), company, crowd, family, group, government, majority, minority, organisation, party, population, public, team等。
·The class consists of forty students.
这个班有40名学生。(强调整体)
·The class are studying English.
这个班的学生在学习英语。(强调个体成员)
·My family is a big one.
我家是一个大家庭。(强调整体)
·My family are all music lovers.
我的家人都是音乐爱好者。(强调个体成员)
【误区警示】
(1)有些有生命的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词只用复数形 式。这类名词常见的有people, police, cattle等。
·The police are looking into the accident.
警方正在调查这起事故。
(2)无生命的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词只用单数形式。这类名词常见的有clothing, equipment, furniture, jewellery, machinery, scenery等。
·Warm clothing is necessary in cold climates.
在寒冷的气候中，暖和的衣服是必需的。
·All the furniture has been moved to another room.
所有的家具已经被搬到了另一个房间里。
2．由and或both...and连接的两个名词或代词作主语时，指的是复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式。
·Jim and Mary are specialists in cancer research.
吉姆和玛丽是癌症研究专家。
·Both Mark and his parents were sitting in the shade of a tree.马克和他父母都坐在了树荫下。
【误区警示】
当and连接的两个名词在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。这时and后的名词前不加冠词。
·The writer and poet has been dead for two years.
那位作家兼诗人已经去世两年了。
·A knife and fork is on the table.
桌子上有副刀叉。
·Bread and butter is what we usually have for breakfast.
黄油面包是我们通常吃的早餐。
·All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。
3．“all/most/half/plenty/some/the rest of＋名词/代词”或“分数/百分数＋of＋名词/代词”作主语时，若of后的名词或代词为单数形式，谓语动词就用单数形式；若of后的名词或代词为复数形式，谓语动词就用复数形式。
·The rest of the money is locked in the safe.
其余的钱锁在保险箱里。
·The rest of the farmers are still poor.
其余的农民还很穷。
·Fifty percent of my task has been done.
我的任务已经完成了50%。
·Fifty percent of the students have passed the exam.50%的学生通过了这次考试。
【误区警示】
当all, most, half, plenty, some, the rest等单独作主语时，主谓一致要遵循意义一致原则，即如果所指为单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式；如果所指为复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式。
·All was silent. 万籁俱寂。
·All were silent. 大家都沉默着。
4．“a number of＋可数名词复数”(许多……)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of＋可数名词复数”(……的数量)作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
·A number of reasons lead to the change of climate.很多原因导致气候变化。
·The number of the students in our class is 30.
我们班的学生人数是30。
5．none作主语时，如果指代可数名词，谓语动词既可用单数形式也可用复数形式；如果指代不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。
·None has/have been found.一个也没有找到。
·None of the money in the drawer is mine.
抽屉里的钱没有一点是我的。
6．表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，通常被看作整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
·Twenty years is a long time in one's life.
20年在人的一生中是一段很长的时间。
·Twenty dollars is enough for this pair of shoes.
这双鞋20美元就足够了。
7．以 s结尾的书刊名、组织名、国家名以及以 ics结尾的学科名作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
·The United Nations is a world organisation.
联合国是一个世界性组织。
·Physics is an important subject in middle school.物理是中学的一门重要学科。
【误区警示】
以 s结尾的群岛、瀑布、山脉等作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。
·The Niagara Falls are one of the most famous waterfalls in the world.尼亚加拉大瀑布是世界上最著名的瀑布之一。
8．单复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词的形式要根据句意确定。常见的这类词有sheep, deer, fish, crossroads, means, series, species, works(工厂)等。
·A sheep is dying.有只绵羊要死了。
·Many sheep are eating grass on the hillside.
许多绵羊在山坡上吃草。
·The crossroads is/are dangerous.
这个/这些十字路口很危险。
·Every means has been tried.每一种方法都试过了。
·All means have been tried.所有的方法都试过了。
9．“the＋形容词/过去分词”表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式；表示某个人或抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。
·The rich are for the decision but the poor are against it.
富人赞成这一决定，但是穷人反对它。
·The injured was taken good care of.
这名伤者受到了很好的照顾。
·The beautiful is not always useful.
好看的并不总是有用的。
三、就近一致原则◎
就近一致原则是指谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。
1．由or, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but (also), not...but等连接的两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数与最近的主语保持一致。
·Neither the students nor the teacher knows the reason why she behaved strangely.
学生和老师都不知道她行为怪异的原因。
·Not only he but also I look down upon those who always rely on others.
不仅他，我也瞧不起那些一直依赖别人的人。
2．there be句型中，be动词的单复数与最靠近它的名词保持一致。
·There is a table and four chairs in the room.
房间里有一张桌子和四把椅子。
即学即练
Ⅰ.单元语法填空
1．The teacher together with the students ________ (be) discussing the Reading Skills that ________ (be) published in America.
2．Neither you nor your sister ________ (have) been struggling hard.
3．Tom is the only one of the students in our class who ________ (have) ever chatted with the genius composer.
4．Every possible means ________ (have) been tried with determination but without any result.
5．Between the two rows of trees ________ (stand) the researching building in the institute.
6．No teacher and no student ________ (be) watching the opera.
7．It ________ (build) originally to protect the city effectively in the Tang Dynasty and now has been completely restored (修复).
8．Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, ________ (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public all around the world.
9．Amy, as well as her brothers, ________ (give) a warm welcome when returning to the institute last week.
10．The factory used 65 percent of the clean burning materials, the rest of which ________ (be) saved for other purposes.
11．Either you or one of your students ________ (be) to attend the calligraphy meeting that will be held tomorrow.
12．The number of sculptors invited ________ (be) fifty, but a number of them ________ (be) absent for different reasons.
13．The singer and dancer ________ (be) welcomed warmly by the local residents.
14．Barbara is easy to recognise as she's the only one of the women who ________ (wear) ordinary evening dress.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．Many a parent __________________________ (不得不经历) this same painful process.
2．Referring to the dictionary __________________________ (是一个好习惯) in English learning.
3．Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where __________________________ (尚未决定).
4．One third of the country __________________________ (覆盖着树木).
5．The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities __________________________ (在稳定增长) since 1997.
单元语法专项(2)——主谓一致
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．is; was 2.has 3.has 4.has 5.stands 6.is
7．was built 8.has proved/has proven 9.was given
10．were 11.is 12.was; were 13.was 14.wears
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．has had to go through 2.is a good habit 3.hasn't been decided yet 4.is covered with trees 5.has been rising steadilySection E Writing Workshop, Viewing Workshop & Reading Clubs 1～2
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ n. (大的)差距，差额，差别
2．____________ n. 性别
3．____________ adj. 滑稽的，好笑的
4．____________ n. 小说
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．reflect v．仔细思考；表达(意见)；反射，反映→________ n．沉思；想法；反射→________ adj. 沉思的；深思的
2．journal n．日记，日志→________ n．新闻记者；新闻工作者
3．surf v．冲浪→________ n. 冲浪
4．identify v．确认；鉴定→________ adj.完全相同的；非常相似的
5．evident adj.清楚的；显而易见的；显然的→________ n．证据，证明
6．expose vt.晒；暴露；揭穿；使接触；使体验→________ n．暴露；揭发→________ adj.无遮蔽的；暴露的；无保护的
7．sea＋food→________ n．海鲜
8．out＋come→________ n．结果，后果
9．more＋over→________ adv.此外，而且
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
A 写出下列短语的汉意
1．write a reflective journal ________________
2．read the learning reflection ________________
3．reflect on ________________
4．that is to say ________________
5．make an effort (to do sth.) ________________
6．what's more ________________
B 写出下列汉语所对应的英文短语
1．________________ 充分利用……
2．________________ 遵循建议
3．________________ 与……建立联系
4．________________ 复习，重温
5．________________ 另外，此外(作状语)
第一版块|核心单词
1)reflection n．沉思；想法；反射；映像；倒影 reflective adj. 沉思的；深思的；(物体表面)反光的 reflect vt.反射；(镜)反映 vi.反射；考虑，思考)
be a reflection of... 是……的反映
on/upon reflection 经过考虑后
give sb. time for reflection 给某人时间思考
have reflections about/on/upon sth. 有关于……的见解
a period of reflection 思考期
a period for reflection 反思阶段
time for reflection 思考时间
a moment of reflection＝a moment's reflection稍加考虑
be reflective 沉思
become reflective 变得好思考
be merely reflective of... 只是反映出……
Usually a child's behaviour is a reflection of his family environment.通常一个孩子的表现是他家庭环境的反映。
She decided on reflection to accept his offer after all.
经过审慎的思考，她决定还是接受他的提议。
A week off would give him time for reflection.
歇上一周会使他有时间反思。
The mirror reflected the light.镜子能反射光。
The hills were reflected in the water.山倒映在水中。
Light reflects.光线会反射。
He reflected on the matter.他考虑了这件事。
He has become reflective since then.
自那时以来他变得好思考了。
I fear my comments are merely reflective of a larger problem.恐怕我的意见只是反映出一个更大的问题。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The ________ (reflect) of the trees in the lake is very beautiful.
②A city is the product of the human hand and mind, ________ (reflect) man's intelligence and creativity.
③It's important to wear special ______ (reflect) clothing when riding a bike at night.
完成句子
④Your clothes are often ______________________________ (……的反映) your personality.
⑤She ______________________________________(有些值得思考的见解)about/on/upon the spiritual state of the country.
⑥________________________________ (再仔细一想), I'm not so sure it's a good idea.
2)moreover adv.此外，而且)
(教材原句)Moreover, I must also learn to do “spaced review”， especially during the first day after learning.
此外，我还必须学会做“间隔复习”，尤其是在学习(新知识)后的第一天。
moreover/besides/furthermore/what's more/in addition
此外(还)，加之
besides/as well as/apart from/in addition to
除……之外(还……)
The rent is reasonable, and moreover, the location is perfect.租金合理，而且位置也很好。
I don't like skating. Moreover/Besides/Furthermore/What's more/In addition, the ice is too thin.
我不喜欢滑冰，而且冰太薄了。
Besides/As well as/Apart from/In addition to filling out a form, Linda got a present.
除了填一张表格外，琳达还收到了一份礼物。
[提示] (1)组中的moreover、besides(除此之外)，in addition(而且；另外)，furthermore(此外；而且), what's more(而且，更为重要的是)(用作副词)后接句子，通常用逗号与句子隔开。
(2)组中besides, as well as, apart from, in addition to(除……之外，还……)用作介词，后直接跟名词、代词和动名词。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The shopkeeper has a fantastic car ________ addition to a large house.
完成句子
②Running is good for our health. ________________________ (此外), it is friendly to the environment.
③The products are of high quality. ________________________ (此外), the price is low.
3)identical adj.完全相同的；非常相似的 identify vt.确认；认出；发现 identity n．个性，特性；身份,identification n．确认；鉴定；识别；身份证明)
be identical to/with... 与……相同/一致
identify sb./oneself with... 认为某人/自己和……关系紧密
identify... with... 认为……等同于……；认为……与……有密切关联
The two pictures are similar, although not identical.
这两幅画虽然不完全相同，但很相似。
Her dress is almost identical to mine.
她的连衣裙和我的几乎一模一样。
We identify sportsmanship with good character.
我们认为体育精神与良好的品质有关。
[拓展] identity card身份证(缩写为ID card)
a sense of national/cultural/social identity
民族/文化/社会认同感
The police asked him to show his identity card．
警察让他出示身份证。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She wore the ________ (identify) dress on both occasions.
②The number on the card should be identical ________ the one on the chequebook.
③I knew that if I protested he would at once identify me ________ his father.
④Early ________ (identify) of a disease can prevent illness and death.
完成句子
⑤One cannot ______________________ (把幸福与财富等同起来).
⑥The guard asked him to ________________________ (出示身份证) before he entered.
4)evidence n．证据，证明；根据)
(教材原句)While reading in all forms is certainly beneficial and should be encouraged, the low numbers of boys reading for enjoyment and their limited choices when they do, is evidence of an issue that needs to be addressed.
虽然各种形式的阅读肯定都是有益的，并且应该受到鼓励，但男孩为乐趣而阅读的人数很少，而且他们在阅读时的选择有限，这证明是一个需要解决的问题。
have evidence 有证据
look for/search for evidence 寻找/搜寻证据
find evidence 找到证据
gather/collect evidence 收集证据
give evidence at the trial 出庭作证
hide evidence 隐藏证据
medical evidence 医学证据
good/clear/strong evidence 充分的/明显的/有力的证据
[句式分析] There is (some) evidence that...有证据表明……(that引导同位语从句)
There is no evidence that...没有……的证据。(that引导同位语从句)如：There's some evidence that outdoor activities are good for us.有证据表明，户外活动对我们有好处。
At present, there's no evidence of life on other planets.
目前，没有在其他行星上存在生命的证据。
Do you have evidence that this treatment works
你有没有证据证明这种治疗有效？
I was asked to give evidence at the trial.我被要求出庭作证。
He was released when the judge ruled there was no evidence against him.法官裁决没有证明他有罪的证据后，他被释放了。
We found further scientific evidence for this theory.
我们找到了进一步证实这种理论的科学根据。
[拓展]
evident adj.明白的；明显的
It is evident that...很明显……
It was evident that someone had gone through my possessions.显然有人翻过我的物品。
注意：evidence为不可数名词。
如：一项证据
a piece of evidence(√)
an evidence(×)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①His footprints were clearly ________ (evidence) in the heavy dust.
②It was evident ________ she had once been a beauty.
③According to a review of ________ (evident) in a medical journal, runners live three years longer than non runners.
完成句子
④______________________________ (有证据表明) his new teaching method works.
5)expose vt. 使接触；使体验；揭露；使曝光，使暴露 exposed adj.无遮蔽的；暴露的 exposure n．暴露；揭发；接触；体验)
(教材原句)Countries need to think about ways to inspire interest for boys in reading and ensure that they are exposed to a wide variety of different types of literature from a young age.各国需要想办法激发男孩的阅读兴趣，并确保他们从小就接触到各种不同类型的文学作品。
expose... to... 使……暴露于……；使……接触……
expose oneself to... 使自己暴露于……；使自己置身于……
expose sb./sth. as... 揭露某人/某物为……
expose sth. to the light of day 把某事暴露于光天化日之下
be exposed to... 暴露于……；接触……
exposure to... 对……的接触
We want to expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible.我们想让孩子们尽量多地受到艺术和文化的熏陶。
Keep indoors and don't expose your skin to the sun.
待在室内，不要把皮肤暴露在阳光下。
Don't expose yourself to the sun for too long. You'll get sunburned.不要在太阳下暴露太长时间，你会被晒伤的。
It was exposed as a piece of fake news.
它被曝光是一条假新闻。
It is harmful to your skin if you are exposed to the hot sun for too long.
如果你暴露在烈日下太长时间，那对你的皮肤是有害的。
Daniel's early exposure to motor racing did not excite his interest.丹尼尔早期对赛车运动的接触并没有激起他的兴趣。
[提示] 以上expose短语中，to均为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The merchant was exposed ________ a liar.
②After only a short ________ (expose) to sunlight, his face began to turn red.
③Children exposed ________ difficult situations are better at handling those challenges.
④The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when ________ (expose) to daylight.
写出句中expose的含义
⑤The reporter was killed because he tried to expose a plot.________
⑥The more you are exposed to the English speaking environment, the better you will learn the language.________
⑦His study shows that when robins (知更鸟) are exposed to light at night in the lab, it leads to some genes being active at the wrong time of day.________
6)outcome n．结果，后果)
(教材原句)Fortunately, studies such as PISA provide clear evidence that can be acted on to improve outcomes for all young people.幸运的是，像PISA这样的研究提供了可以采取行动改善所有年轻人的阅读效果的明确依据。
the final outcome of the negotiations
谈判的最终结果
a successful outcome 圆满的结果
possible outcomes 可能的结果
predict the outcome 预测结果
the direct outcome 直接结果
We are confident of a successful outcome.
我们相信会有圆满的结果。
No one could have predicted the final outcome.
没有人能预料到最终结果。
[说明] outcome的同义词：result, effect, consequence
[说明] Mr Singh said he was pleased with the outcome．
辛格先生说他对此结果感到满意。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①It's too early to know ______________ (分析结果).
②We are waiting to hear ____________ (最终结果) of the negotiations.
③The public are concerned with ________________ (选举的结果).
④In fact, science is determining ________________ (质量和结果) of their life.
第二版块|重要短语
1)make an effort作出努力)
(教材原句)That is to say, most of us will have to make an effort when trying to remember things.也就是说，我们中的大多数人在尝试记忆事物时都必须付出努力。
make an effort to do sth.＝make efforts to do sth.
努力做某事
make every effort to do sth. 尽一切努力做某事
spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事
put effort into (doing) sth. 努力做某事
in an effort to do sth. 努力/为了做某事
through one's efforts 通过某人的努力
with/without effort 费力地/毫不费力地
What's the point of helping him if he doesn't make an effort to help himself？如果他自己不努力，那么帮他又有什么意义呢？
No effort has been spared to make this hotel a welcoming, comfortable place.
尽了一切努力将这个酒店打造成为受欢迎的舒适之所。
[语境助记] The club has changed the rules in an effort to make them fairer.
为了更公平一些，俱乐部调整了规则。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①Everybody should ________________ (尽一份力) to reduce pollution.
②Hospitals should ________________ (尽一切努力) to treat the sick.
③Let's start right now and __________________________ (不遗余力地做) a little bit every minute.
2)go over仔细检查；仔细琢磨；重复(某事)；练习(某事))
(教材原句)For example, this means going over what I've learnt soon after learning and before going to bed.
例如，这意味着在学习后不久和睡觉前复习所学内容。
go after 追赶；追求；谋求
go against 违反；对……不利
go by (时间)过去；遵循
go up (价格、数量等)上升，增加；(建筑)建造起来
go down (水平、数量等)下降，下跌；(船只)沉没；(太阳)落下
go through 穿过；经历；仔细检查；(提案等)被通过
She went over her lines again before the first night of the play.她在该剧首晚演出之前又练习了一遍台词。
I was determined not to go against my father's wishes.
我决定不违背父亲的心愿。
When supplies go down, prices tend to go up.
供货减少时，价格往往会上涨。
[语境助记] It is said that the new school rule didn't go through．
据说新校规没有被通过。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I've got to go ________ my notes for tomorrow's exam.
②With time going ________， he became stronger and stronger.
③We're both going ________ the same job.
④New buildings are going ________ everywhere.
完成句子
⑤Let us ________________ (仔细检查) your answer again.
⑥The contest is ____________________ (对……不利) the blue team.
3)seem to do似乎；好像)
(教材原句)Actually, I've noticed that a lot of Chinese students seem to only spend time with their Chinese friends.事实上，我注意到很多中国学生似乎只和他们的中国朋友在一起。
It seems that... 似乎……，看上去像……
It seems to sb. that... 在某人看来……
It seems like/as if/as though... 好像……
Everyone in the picture seems to have put on some weight, don't they？照片中的每个人好像都胖了些，是不是？
She seems (to be) happy.＝It seems that she is happy.
她似乎很快乐。
Mother seemed to know that. 母亲似乎知道那件事。
He seems to be doing something now.
＝It seems that he is doing something now.
他似乎现在正做着什么。
They seemed to have finished their work.＝It seemed that they had finished their work.他们好像已完成了工作。
[语境助记] It seems to me that working experience is more important than a degree.在我看来，工作经验比学历更重要。
It seems as if he didn't care about my feeling at all. 他似乎毫不在乎我的感受。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①There seems ________ (be) some disagreement between his words and actions.
②It seemed ________ he was lying.
③It seemed ________ a good idea.
④It always seemed as ________ they would get married.
完成句子
⑤But ________________ (似乎) many people don't cook fish at home.
4)be associated with与……有联系)
(教材原句)A closer look at the reading tests, shows the interesting fact that girls are outperforming boys in reading and that this is associated with girls' greater enjoyment of reading.
仔细看一下阅读测试，可以发现一个有趣的事实，即女孩的阅读成绩优于男孩，这与女孩更喜欢阅读有关。
associate vt. 联想，联系
vi. 交往，(尤指)混在一起
association n. 联合，联系，关联；协会，社团
associate... with... 把……与……联系起来
in association with 与……联合，与……合作，与……在一起
Some people say that classical music is associated only with old people.有些人称古典音乐仅仅与老年人有关。
I always associate Switzerland with the Alps.
我一想到瑞士就联想到阿尔卑斯山。
[拓展归纳] “与……有关系/有联系”的其他表达：
be related to be linked with/to be involved in be connected with have something to do with
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It is reported that there are many health problems ________ (associate) with smoking.
②We are working in ________ (associate) with a local company to raise money for the homeless.
③We tend to associate fresh air ________ health care.
完成句子
④His great achievements __________________________________ (与……有关) growing up in a great motherland.
5)spend... (in) doing sth.花……做某事)
(教材原句)I spent a few months studying at a language college in Beijing.我在北京的一所语言学院学习了几个月。
sb. spends some time/money on sth. 某人在某物上花费多少时间/金钱
it takes (sb.) some time to do sth.
＝sth. takes (sb.) some time to do
(某人)花费多少时间做某事
sth. costs sb. some money 某物花费某人多少金钱
it costs sb. some money to do sth. 做某事花费某人多少金钱
sb. pays some money for sth. 某人花费多少金钱买某物
In order to improve his spoken English, he spends three hours practising every day.
为了提高英语口语，他每天花费3小时练习。
I spend about 50 yuan a month just on books.
我每月仅买书就要花50元左右。
It took me over 20 years to get my college degree!
我花了20多年才拿到大学文凭。
[语境助记] The search has cost them a lot of time and money.
搜寻工作已经耗去了他们大量的时间和金钱。
He paid 2，000 yuan for his new computer.他买新电脑花了2 000元。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We certainly do spend a good deal of our time ________ (wait).
②It took him a long time ________ (acquire) the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
③While the Internet is very helpful, I don't think it's a good idea to spend too much time ________ it.
④It costs a lot ________ (buy) all the furniture.
⑤Think of how long it takes ________ (listen) to one of those messages.
⑥Sports team owners spend millions of dollars ________ (attract) top talent.
6)be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事)
(教材原句)Everyone shared the food, which was nice, but I'm used to ordering my own meal.
每个人都分享了食物，这很好，但我习惯于自己点餐。
used to do/be used to doing/be used to do
·used to do“过去(常常)做……”，指过去的习惯，现在已经不这样了；
·be used to doing“习惯于做……”，to为介词，后接名词、代词或者动名词作宾语；
·be used to do“被用来做……”，是被动语态。
After a period of exercise in the army, he was used to getting up early and running.
在部队里经过一段时间的锻炼，他习惯了早起跑步。
I used to get up early.我过去常早起。
I'm used to getting up early.我习惯了早起。
The paper can be used to fold something.
这些纸可以用来折东西。
In the past holidays, he used to go to the library, where he was quickly used to reading books that were used to improve his thinking.
在过去的假期里，他经常去图书馆，在那里他很快就习惯了阅读那些用来提高他的思维能力的书籍。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①In those days, some students were used to ________ (go) to bed late and ________ (get) up late as well.
②The plastic cloth is used ________ (cover) things when it rains.
③“This used ________ (be) the center of town，” he said. “Now the area is mostly office buildings and warehouses.”
完成句子
④Travelers ________________________ (习惯生活在) different climates and conditions.
7)insist on坚持)
(教材原句)I kept telling him that I knew the way myself, but he insisted on taking me there.
我一直告诉他我自己知道路，但他坚持带我去那里。
I insist on an immediate answer.我坚持要立即答复。
The man insisted on finding a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.尽管我告诉他我住在附近，那个人还是坚持要为我找辆出租车。
[归纳拓展] insist作“坚持要求”讲，后面宾语从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气(should＋动词原形，should可省略)；作“坚称，坚持认为”讲，从句用陈述语气，用所需的各种时态。
She insisted that the man had stolen her wallet and that he (should) be sent to the police station.
她坚持说那个人偷了她的钱包，并坚决要求把他送到警察局。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on ________ (test) the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.
②Papa insisted that we ________ (learn) at least one new thing each day.
③He insisted that he ________ (be) right.
完成句子
④He insisted that the problem ________________________ (被讨论) at the meeting.
8)fit in with与……相处融洽；适应 fit adj.健壮的；健康的；适合的，恰当的 v．合身；适合；符合)
fit in with the other people 与其他人相处融洽
fit in with the need of new situation
适应新形势的需要
fit in with your arrangements 和你的安排不冲突
I'll come in your car, if you can fit me in.
如果还有我的地方，我就上你的车。(有足够的空间)
We can fit the bookshelf in between the windows.
我们可以把书架放在两个窗户之间。
His idea didn't quite fit in with our aims.
他那些想法与我们的目标不大相符。
I hope that the dentist can fit me in on Tuesday afternoon.我希望牙医能把我安排在周二下午看病。(给……安排时间)
We're fitting new locks on all the doors.
我们在为所有的门安装新锁。
He is fit for the work.他适合这项工作。
The water is fit to drink.这水适合饮用。
[相关拓展] fit in放进；为某人/物腾出空间/时间，相处融洽；适应，适合
fit on a handle安装上把手
keep fit(＝keep healthy)保持健康
be fit for...适合……
be fit to do sth.适合做某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I joined the club but did not fit ________．
②You should fit in ________ other employees.
③When it comes to nutrition, those meals can fit ________ an overall healthy eating plan.
完成句子
④She and her family bicycle to work, which helps them ________________ (保持健康).
第三版块|典型句式
1)部分否定)
(教材原句)Living in a foreign country sounds exciting, but it's not always easy to fit in with another culture.生活在外国听起来很刺激，但融入另一种文化并不总是那么容易。
[句式分析] 总括性代词或副词与not连用时，表示部分否定。这类总括性词有all, both, every, everything，everybody, everyone, always, altogether等。
Not all birds can fly.＝All birds can't fly.
并不是所有的鸟都会飞。
Life is not always easy.生活并不总是那么容易。
[拓展] 全部否定：表示全部否定意义的词(none, neither, nothing, nobody, no one, never等)与肯定形式的谓语动词连用。
None of my friends came.我的朋友一个都没来。
We know nothing about her family.
我们对她的家庭一无所知。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①But ____________________________ (并不是所有的城市) develop slowly over a long period of time.
②______________________________ (并不是每个人) can do that—it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy.
③But my life was ________________ (并不总是) so great.
④This fruit is so sour that ______________________ (我们都不喜欢) it.
2)with复合结构)
(教材原句)In places like Japan, boys and girls read for enjoyment at an almost identical level, with 54% of boys and 58% of girls reporting that they enjoy reading.
在日本等地方，男孩和女孩为了乐趣而阅读的比例相差无几，54%的男孩和58%的女孩表示他们喜欢阅读。
[句式分析] 构成：with＋宾语＋宾补
功能：在句中常作状语，表示时间、原因、方式、条件或伴随等。具体形式主要有：
I can't work with all that noise going on.
吵闹声不绝于耳，我无法工作。
With his hair cut, he looked much younger.
他理了发，看上去年轻多了。
With so much work to do, I can't go on holiday.
有这么多工作要做，我不能去度假。
He often sleeps with the windows open.
他经常开着窗户睡觉。
He left the room with the light on.他开着灯离开了房间。
The teacher came in with a book in his hand.
老师手里拿着一本书走了进来。
[知识拓展] with复合结构在句中还可作定语。
Do you know the lady with a baby in her arms？你认识那位怀抱婴儿的女士吗？
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①With the Spring Festival ________ (approach), people are busy preparing the new year's goods.
②With a lot of difficult problems ________(settle), the newly elected president is having a hard time.
③With his homework ________ (finish), Mother allowed him to go out for a while.
完成句子
④He often sleeps ________________ (开着音乐).
3)given that... 考虑到……)
(教材原句)Given that in OECD countries, two in three boys only read newspapers for pleasure, there is work to be done.鉴于在经合组织国家，三分之二的男孩只是为了娱乐而读报纸，(要解决这一问题)还有工作要做。
Given that it is a difficult task, you've done really well.
鉴于任务困难，你已经做得很好了。
[比较] given/provided that与providing/supposing that
(1)前者：表示“鉴于，考虑到”，用来表示已知的事实；
Given that he doesn't have enough time, he has done a good job.鉴于他的时间不足，他做得还可以。
(2)后者：表示“假如”，用来表示一件不确切的事情、一个可能的条件或一个未知的假设。
Providing that he has more time, he will do a better job.
假如他有更多的时间，他就会做得更出色。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ (give) that they're inexperienced, they've done a good job.
②I will agree to go ________ (provide) that my expenses are paid.
③________ (suppose) that it rains tomorrow, what shall we do
完成句子
④________________ (考虑到) you have enough pencils, I will give these to others.
4)动名词短语作主语)
(教材原句)Getting to know the secrets of our memory means learning not only the facts about it, but also the ways to improve it.了解我们记忆的秘密意味着不仅了解相关事实，而且要了解改善记忆力的方法。
[句式分析] 单个的动名词(短语)作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。一般来说，动名词(短语)作主语表示一种抽象的或泛指的动作。
Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.
除了身体健康，早上锻炼还有其他好处。
[知识拓展] 下列句式中，it是形式主语，动名词短语是真正主语：
It is no use/good doing sth.做某事是没有用处/好处的。
It is a waste of time doing sth.做某事是浪费时间。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Writing an essay ________ (be) a difficult process for most people.
②________ (produce) food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it.
③Being emotionally intelligent ________ (not) necessarily ________ (make) one a moral person.
5)“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句)
(教材原句)Secondly, if you are having trouble with unfamiliar words, try thinking about the context in which the words are spoken.其次，如果你们有不熟悉的单词方面的困难，试着想想讲这些单词的语境。
[句式分析] 使用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时需注意以下几点：
(1)在“介词＋关系代词”结构中，关系代词只用whom(先行词指人)和which(先行词指物)。
(2)“介词＋关系代词”可引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。在限制性定语从句中，介词放在关系代词之前时，关系代词不能省略；但若介词后置，则可用that/who代替which/whom，也可省略关系代词。
(3)介词的确定要遵循“一先、二动、三意义”的原则。“一先”即根据先行词的搭配来确定介词；“二动”即根据定语从句中动词的搭配来确定介词；“三意义”即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。
I wanted to find someone with whom I could discuss music.我想找一个能和我讨论音乐的人。
This is the pan in which I boiled the milk.
这是我煮了牛奶的锅。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He is a warm hearted person ________ whom you can turn when you are in trouble.
②They also had a small pond ________ which they raised fish.
③These are the reasons ________ we do it.
④I admired Mr. Smith from ________ class I graduated.
⑤I live in a village at the back of ________ runs a river.
⑥I bought a house
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．There is a lot of ________ (证据) that stress is partly responsible for disease in one way or another.
2．She is one of the most gifted ________ (滑稽的) actresses on television.
3．It can sometimes be difficult to tell fact from ________ (小说).
4．I like ________ (海鲜) and white meat dishes and light Chinese food.
5．________ (沉思的) ability is of great importance to a novelist.
6．The performer kept a ________ (日志) of his daily performance.
7．The rent of the flat is reasonable, and ________ (此外), the location is perfect.
8．There was a wide ________ (差距) between the views of the two partners.
9．There may be ________ (性别) differences in attitudes to paid work.
Ⅱ.短语填空
have a major impact on, be identical with, be associated with, a wide variety of, figure out, decide on, believe it or not, rather than, be exposed to, the number of
1．____________ unemployed people has grown by more than a quarter in the last month.
2．The medicine should not ____________ daylight.
3．They enjoy participating in ____________ activities.
4．____________， what I have told you is all true.
5．It took me a while to ____________ how to solve this problem.
6．His band has been banned from large musical events because it ____________ violence.
7．Stress and emotional pressure ____________ our health.
8．The zoo needed better management ____________ more money.
9．The number on the card should ____________ the one on the chequebook.
10．She has ____________ what path to follow.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．When ________ comes to public speaking, less is usually more.
2．There on the book's cover was a beagle which looked ________ (identity) to my dog.
3．They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies ________ (expose).
4．Scientists have obtained more evidence ________ plastic is finding its way into the human body.
5．On his 80th birthday, I sent him a letter, noting the things we all should be thankful for—good health, good friends and good ________ (outcome).
6．Tom rather than you ________ (be) to take charge of the company.
7．The number of individuals taking part in the contest ________ (be) on the increase.
8．We found no ________ (evident) against him, so he was likely to be freed soon.
9．________ (expose) to English reading and listening every day, you will end up getting an ideal score.
10．A wide variety of birds ________ (be) singing in the trees, which is a typical scene in the park.
11．When we were in Hawaii, we went ________ (surf) every day.
12．I walked on in a ________ (reflect) mood to my destination.
13．________ (identical), if you want that book, I'll bring it next time.
14．I prefer ________ (walk) you to the parking lot rather than see you leave alone.
15．If you insist on ________ (leave) now, don't be bothered and please go ahead.
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．这里的商品不但价格公道，而且质量好。(not only... but also...)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．那时候并不是所有女性都有受教育的机会。(部分否定)
________________________________________________________________________
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3．每当我们在学习上遇到困难时，老师总是耐心帮助我们。(have trouble with)
________________________________________________________________________
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4．你刚刚与之握手的那个男人是我们的英语老师。(“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句)
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5．放学后，我陪你走回家。(walk)
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6．我迫不及待要见到你。(can't wait to do sth.)
________________________________________________________________________
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7．有如此多书要读，他在家里度过了一整天。(with复合结构)
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8．考虑到他们没有经验，他们已经做得很好了。(given that...)
________________________________________________________________________
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Section E Writing Workshop, Viewing Workshop & Reading Clubs 1～2
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．gap 2.gender 3.comic 4.fiction
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．reflection; reflective 2.journalist 3.surfing 4.identical
5．evidence 6.exposure; exposed 7.seafood 8.outcome 9.moreover
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．写一篇反思日记 2.阅读学习反思 3.仔细考虑，思考 4.也就是说 5.努力(做某事) 6.而且；更重要的是；另外
1．make the best use of 2.follow the advice
3．make connections with 4.go over 5.in addition
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．①reflection ②reflecting ③reflective ④a reflection of ⑤has some valuable reflections ⑥On further reflection
2．①in ②Moreover/Furthermore/What's more/In addition/Besides
③Moreover/Furthermore/What's more/In addition/Besides
3．①identical ②with ③with ④identification
⑤identify happiness with wealth ⑥show his identity card
4．①evident ②that ③evidence ④There is evidence that
5．①as ②exposure ③to ④exposed ⑤揭露 ⑥接触 ⑦暴露
6．①the outcome of the analysis ②the final outcome
③the outcome of the election ④the quality and outcomes
第二版块|重要短语
1．①make an effort ②make every effort
③spare no effort to do
2．①over ②by ③after ④up ⑤go over/through
⑥going against
3．①to be ②that ③like ④if/though ⑤it seems that
4．①associated ②association ③with ④are associated with/are related to/are linked with/are linked to/are involved in/are connected with/have something to do with
5．①waiting ②to acquire ③on ④to buy ⑤to listen ⑥attracting
6．①going; getting ②to cover ③to be
④are used to living in
7．①testing ②learn ③was ④(should) be discussed
8．①in ②with ③in ④keep fit/healthy
第三版块|典型句式
1．①not all cities/all cities don't ②Not everybody
③not always ④none of us like
2．①approaching ②to settle ③finished ④with the music on
3．①Given ②providing ③Supposing ④Given/Provided that
4．①is ②Producing ③does not; make
5．①to ②in ③for which/why ④whose ⑤which
⑥which; whose
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．evidence 2.comic 3.fiction 4.seafood 5.Reflective 6.journal 7.moreover 8.gap 9.gender
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．The number of 2.be exposed to 3.a wide variety of
4．Believe it or not 5.figure out 6.is associated with
7．have a major impact on 8.rather than 9.be identical with
10．decided on
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．it 2.identical 3.exposed 4.that 5.outcomes 6.is 7.is 8.evidence 9.Exposed 10.are 11.surfing
12．reflective 13.Identically 14.to walk 15.leaving
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．The goods here are not only inexpensive, but also of good quality.
2．Not all the females had the chance to get an education at that time.
3．Whenever we have trouble with our studies, our teachers always help us patiently.
4．The man with whom you shook hands just now is our English teacher.
5．I will walk you home after school.
6．I can't wait to see you.
7．With so many books to read, he spent the whole day at home.
8．Given that they are inexperienced, they have done a good job.Section G 单元写作——学习建议
1．写作任务
假定你是李华，你在英语学习中曾经遇到一些困难，在外教David的帮助下，你取得了很大的进步。请根据以下要点给David写一封信，以示感谢：
(1)英语学习中曾经遇到的困难；
(2)目前的英语学习状况。
注意：(1)词数80左右；
(2)可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear David，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
2．写作思路(一审、二定、三明确)
(1)一审：体裁、结构与主题
体裁：感谢信
主题：英语学习
(2)二定：时态与人称
时态：一般过去时和一般现在时
人称：以第一人称为主
(3)三明确：写作要点
第一段：话题导入
第二段：主体部分(目前的英语学习状况)
第三段：结尾(再次感谢)
3．素材整理
(1)关键词句
①approaches to doing sth. 做某事的方法
②work out 弄懂，计算出
③be unfamiliar with... 对……不熟悉
④be based on... 以……为根据
⑤attempt to do sth. 尝试做某事
⑥memorise new words and chunks
记忆新的单词和语块
⑦according to the context 根据上下文(语境)
⑧brush up on 温习，复习
⑨promote one's memorisation
提高某人的记忆力
⑩as a result 作为结果
read newly published novels
阅读新出版的小说
enjoy the excitement of acquiring knowledge
享受获取知识的兴奋
reflect on 思考
develop one's interest 培养兴趣
form the habit of reading 养成阅读习惯
enlarge one's vocabulary 扩大词汇量
broaden one's horizons 开阔视野
be buried in/be absorbed in
埋头于，专心于
the attitude to learning 学习态度
have a good command of...
精通……
pick up 偶然学会
keep/bear...in mind 记住……
build up one's confidence 增强自信心
scientific learning methods 科学的学习方法
equip...with... 使……具备……
make full use of 充分利用
make sense of 弄懂，理解
concentrate on 集中注意力于
learn by heart 用心记
benefit from... 从……中获益
Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。
express oneself in English fluently
用英语流利地表达自己的思想
take a positive attitude 采取积极的态度
combine learning with entertainment
把学习和娱乐结合起来
further education 继续教育，进修
achieve one's goal 实现目标
pay off 取得成功，有所回报
make progress 取得进步
step by step 逐步地
make great efforts 努力
(2)完成句子
①我写信是想表达我对你所提供的英语学习方法的感谢。
I'm writing to express my thanks for your ________________ learning English offered.
②对我来说，记住新单词和有效地弄懂语法规则是困难的。
________ was difficult for me ________________ the new words and ________________ grammar rules effectively.
③此外，我对任何写作策略都不熟悉。
Moreover, I ____________________________ any writing strategy.
④根据你的推荐，我尝试安排我的英语学习。
________________ your recommendation，I __________________________ my English study.
⑤现在我喜欢根据上下文记忆新的单词和语块，并及时定期地温习它们，这有助于提高我的记忆力。
Now I'd like to memorise new words and chunks according to their contexts and ________________ them ________________________， which helps to ______________________．
⑥结果，有了所有这些方法和策略，我可以阅读新出版的小说，享受获取知识的兴奋，并思考这个奇特的世界。
____________________， with all the approaches and strategies, I can read newly published novels, enjoy the excitement of acquiring knowledge and__________________________．
4．整理成文
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．写作练习
假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter来信向你询问如何才能学好中文。请你根据下列要点给Peter写一封回信：
(1)参加中文学习班；
(2)看中文小说、杂志；
(3)学唱中文歌曲；
(4)及时复习。
注意：(1)词数80左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)；
(2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Peter，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to your progress.
Yours，
Li Hua
Section G 单元写作——学习建议
3．素材整理
(2)①approaches to ②It; to memorise; work out
③was unfamiliar with ④Based on; attempted to arrange
⑤brush up on; timely and periodically; promote my memorisation
⑥As a result; reflect on the odd world
4．整理成文
参考范文：
Dear David，
I'm writing to express my thanks for your approaches to learning English offered. It was difficult for me to memorise the new words and work out grammar rules effectively. Moreover, I was unfamiliar with any writing strategy.
Based on your recommendation, I attempted to arrange my English study. Now I'd like to memorise new words and chunks according to their contexts and brush up on them timely and periodically, which helps to promote my memorisation. As a result, with all the approaches and strategies, I can read newly published novels, enjoy the excitement of acquiring knowledge and reflect on the odd world.
I sincerely thank you for your unselfish help.
Yours，
Li Hua
5．写作练习
参考范文：
Dear Peter，
I'm honoured to tell you my approaches to learning Chinese well.
You had better attend a Chinese course, where, based on reasonable arrangements, you can learn classic Chinese culture. Be repeatedly exposed to Chinese novels, magazines, which can also help you memorise Chinese in the context. Moreover, it's recommended to learn to sing Chinese songs, making your learning more interesting and effective. Finally, you can also brush up on what you've learned with your partners timely and periodically.
In short, the above strategies can promote your Chinese learning.
Looking forward to your progress.
Yours，
Li Hua
