Section D Lesson 3 “White Bikes” on the Road
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ vi. & vt. 骑 n. 踏板
2．____________ adv. 因此；由此
3．____________ n. 小径，小道
4．____________ n. 目的地；终点
5．____________ vt. 激活
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．park v．停(车)→________ n．(车辆等的)停放
2．disappear vi.消失，不见→________ n．消失
3．track v．跟踪；追踪→________ n．跟踪
4．convenient adj.便利的，方便的→________ n．方便，便利
5．pollute vt.污染→________ n．污染
6．advantage n．优势，强项→________ n．劣势，弱项
7．distance n．距离→________ adj.远的
8．cycle vi.骑(自行车)行→________ n．骑行
9．able adj.能干的，有能力的→________ adj.不能的，不会的→________ n．能力→________ vt.使能够
10．fortune n．财富；命运；运气→________ adj.幸运的→________ adv.幸运地；幸运的是
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
A 写出下列短语的汉意
1．shared bikes ________________
2．parking problems ________________
3．enjoy the benefits of ________________
4．be known as ________________
5．plenty of (＋可数名词复数/不可数名词)
________________
6．be allowed to do sth. ________________
7．soon after ________________
8．come up ________________
9．in a matter of weeks ________________
10．put in ________________
11．the difference between...and...
________________
12．have effects on ________________
13．spread to ________________
14．back in the 1960s ________________
15．shortly after... ________________
B 写出下列汉语所对应的英文短语
1．________________ 由于(短语介词)
2．________________ 受……欢迎
3．________________ 想出，想到
4．________________ 节约能源
5．________________ 把某物放在……里
6．________________ 停车场
7．________________ 由于，因为；多亏，幸亏
8．________________ 做某事的方式
9．________________ 做笔记
10．________________ 提出(观点、看法等)
11．________________ 一定，确保(后跟从句)
12．________________ 将……记录下来
13．________________ 与……相似(形容词
短语作定语)
14．________________ 某人把脚踩在……上
Ⅰ.课文思维导图
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．Which of the following is not the factor that makes Amsterdam “the City of Bicycles”？
A．Flat land.
B．Bicycle paths.
C．Easy bicycle parking.
D．Financial support.
2．Which was the original intention of “white bikes”？
A．To save money.
B．To protect the environment.
C．To help reduce crime.
D．To promote tourism.
3．What is needed if someone intends to take one of the “white bikes” in 1999
A．A special card.
B．A computer tracking system.
C．Some change.
D．Colourful keys.
4．Which is not the reason why shared bikes are popular
A．Being cheap.
B．Saving energy.
C．Being comfortable.
D．Reducing air and noise pollution.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Because of the 1.________ (convenient) for bicycles, Amsterdam has become very popular with 2.________ (cyclist). The idea of “white bikes” came from Amsterdam. People painted hundreds of bicycles white and anyone 3.________ (allow) to take them. People could leave the bikes in the place 4.________ they finished their journey. 5.________ thieves stole them all.
In 1999, the “white bikes” returned with a computer tracking system 6.________ (record) their every move! Thanks 7.________ the ideas and efforts of many people, people can enjoy clean air and easy transport in 8.________ (centre) Amsterdam.
In China, people enjoy bike sharing because it is a cheap and easy way 9.________ (save) energy. Many problems still exist. 10.________ (fortunate), people are trying different ways of solving the problems.
[词汇注释]
①enjoy the benefits of
享受……的益处
②be known as被称为；作为……而知名
be known for因为……而知名
be known to为……所知
③therefore/' e f /
adv.因此；由此
④plenty of丰富的，大量的(＋可数名词复数/不可数名词)
⑤path/pɑ θ/n.小径，小道
⑥because of
由于(短语介词)
⑦become popular with
受……欢迎
⑧come up with想出，想到
come up(困难或问题)出现
⑨save energy节约能源
⑩place sth. in
把某物放在……
be allowed to do sth.
被允许做某事
soon after不久之后
disappear/ d s 'p /vi.
消失，不见
disappear from sight/view从视线中消失
a matter of weeks/hours/seconds仅仅几周/几个小时/数秒
in a matter of weeks
仅仅几周内；仅仅过了几周
return to回到……
tracking/'tr k /
n．跟踪
put in...放入/插入……
parking places停车场
destination/ dest 'ne n/
n．目的地；终点
thanks to多亏，幸亏；由于；因为
pedal/'pedl/vi. & vt.骑
n．踏板
ways of doing sth.
＝ways to do sth.
做某事的方式
[教材原文]
People in Amsterdam have been enjoying the benefits of① cycling for years. The idea began about 50 years ago, and was first known as② “white bikes”. Amsterdam is a good city for cycling because it's flat and therefore③ convenient for bikes. There are also plenty of④ places for bicycle parking and most streets in the city centre have a bicycle path⑤.
Because of⑥ its convenience for bicycles, Amsterdam has become very popular with⑦ cyclists—an amazing 38% of all trips are made by bike. Some people even call Amsterdam “the City of Bicycles”．
Where did the idea of “white bikes” come from In the 1960s, a group of cycling fans came up with⑧ an idea. They believed that it would be better for everybody if cars weren't allowed in the city centre and only bicycles were 【1】. They were hopeful that this would help to save energy⑨， reduce pollution and provide free public transport. The group painted hundreds of bicycles white and placed them in⑩ many areas around Amsterdam for people to use. Anyone was allowed to take them and use them for short journeys. People would leave the bike in the place where they finished their journey, so that someone else could then take it and use it from there 【2】. Soon after ， however, problems came up and the “white bikes” all disappeared —thieves stole them all in a matter of weeks ！
【1】believed后that引导的宾语从句用了虚拟语气：if从句的谓语用一般过去时，主句谓语用would do。
注意：虽然主句谓语是一般过去时，但叙述的是一般的情况，这种情况即使是现在也如此，所以，if从句的谓语并没有用had done，that从句中的主句谓语也没有用would have done。
【2】where引导定语从句，修饰the place，so that引导目的状语从句。
In 1999, the “white bikes” returned to Amsterdam—this time with a computer tracking system to record their every move! To take a bicycle, you had to put in a special card. The new “white bikes” were not actually white but painted in bright colours. The bikes were parked at special parking places . Thus people who wanted to use them had to take them to another special parking place near their destination and leave them there.
Thanks to the ideas and efforts of many people, like the cycling fans of the 1960s and those who enabled the return of “white bikes”， you can now enjoy clean air and easy transport in central Amsterdam.
Nowadays, the idea of “white bikes” has pedalled its way around the world and there has been a global increase in bike sharing.
In China, more and more cities have their own “white bike” programmes. Both the locals and tourists like to use shared bikes because bike sharing is a cheap and easy way to save energy, reduce air and noise pollution, and enjoy the benefits of exercise in cities. However, problems can also develop, like the theft of bikes and parking issues. Fortunately, people are trying different ways of solving those problems. Where will bike sharing go in China You decide.
[汉语译文]
多年来阿姆斯特丹的居民一直享受着骑自行车的益处。这源于大约50年前，最初被称为“白色自行车”的想法。阿姆斯特丹是个适合骑行的城市，因为它地势平坦，因此(therefore)方便骑行。也有很多地方可以停放自行车，市中心的大多数街道都有自行车道(path)。由于方便骑行，阿姆斯特丹非常受骑行者的欢迎——有高达38%的出行使用自行车。有些人甚至称阿姆斯特丹为“自行车之城”。
“白色自行车”的概念来自哪里呢？20世纪60年代，一群骑行爱好者提出(come up with)了一个想法。他们认为，如果市中心不允许使用汽车而只能用自行车，这会让所有人都受益。他们希望这样能够帮助节约能源，减少污染并提供免费的公共交通。这群人将数百辆自行车涂成白色放置在阿姆斯特丹的许多地方供人们使用。任何人都能够骑这些自行车做短途出行。人们在行程结束时就地停放自行车，以便其他人能继续取用。然而不久就出了问题，“白色自行车”全都消失(disappear)了，小偷在几周内偷光了所有的自行车！
1999年，“白色自行车”回到了阿姆斯特丹，这次车安装了电子跟踪(tracking)系统以记录它们的“一举一动”！要使用自行车，必须插入专用的卡片。新的“白色自行车”实际上不是白色的，而是被涂上了鲜艳的颜色。自行车要停放在专用的停车场。因此，使用者到达目的地(destination)之后，必须将自行车停放到附近的专用停车场。
由于这个提议以及众多人的努力，如20世纪60年代的骑行爱好者和那些让“白色自行车”回归的人，现在人们可以在阿姆斯特丹的市中心享受清新的空气和便利的交通。
如今，“白色自行车”的概念已经在世界范围内广泛传播(pedal骑)，全球的共享单车也在增加。
在中国，越来越多的城市拥有了自己的“白色自行车”计划。本地人和游客都喜欢骑共享单车，因为共享单车方便又便宜，可以节省能源、减少空气和噪声污染，使人享受在城市里运动的益处。然而，问题也随之而来，例如自行车被盗和停放问题。幸运的是，人们正在尝试不同的方法来解决那些问题。在中国，共享单车未来会走向何方？这由你来决定。
第一版块|核心单词
1)disappear vi.消失，不见；失踪 disappearance n．消失；失踪；绝迹 appear vi.出现；出版；显得；好像 appearance n．出现；外貌)
(教材原句)Soon after, however, problems came up and the “white bikes” all disappeared—thieves stole them all in a matter of weeks！然而不久就出了问题，“白色自行车”全都消失了，小偷在几周内偷光了所有的自行车！
disappear from view/sight 从视线中消失
disappear behind/into 消失在……后/中
disappear into the depths of 消失在……深处
The sun disappeared behind a cloud.
太阳消失在一片云后面。
My wallet has disappeared from the table.
我放在桌子上的钱包不见了。
Scientists try to explain their disappearance.
科学家努力解释它们消失的原因。
He promised to be here at four, but didn't appear until six.
他答应四点钟到这儿，但直到六点钟才来。
An article about him appeared in the newspaper.
一篇有关他的文章在报纸上发表。
[拓展] dis 是否定前缀：
like v．→dislike v．不喜欢
agree v．→disagree v．不同意
honest adj.→dishonest adj.不诚实的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The ________ (disappear) of the wolves had many unexpected results.
②I saw him step off the pavement, cross the road, and disappear ________ the post office.
③It crashed through a wooden fence and ________ (disappear).
④When winter arrives, many animals stop being active and disappear ________ sight.
完成句子
⑤Lisa watched until the train ______________________ (从视线中消失).
⑥________________________________ (看起来) he had a taste for music.
2)destination n．目的地；终点)
(教材原句)Thus people who wanted to use them had to take them to another special parking place near their destination and leave them there.因此，使用者到达目的地之后，必须将自行车停放到附近的专用停车场。
arrive at/reach one's destination 到达目的地
a popular tourist destination 旅游胜地
the final destination 最终目的地
In the end, we arrived at our destination, tired and hungry. (形容词短语作状语，表示主语的状态)
最后，我们到达目的地，又累又饿。
By the time he reached his destination, he was half starved and broke.当他到达目的地时，他已经饿得半死，身无分文。
As a family holiday destination, Bournemouth is without equal.作为一个家庭度假胜地，伯恩茅斯是无与伦比的。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①And the town is fast becoming ______________________ (周末的热门去处) for people in Asia.
②They are keen to see rare birds ________________ (在目的地).
(3)therefore adv.因此；由此
(教材原句)Amsterdam is a good city for cycling because it's flat and therefore convenient for bikes.
阿姆斯特丹是一个骑自行车的好城市，因为它很平坦，所以骑自行车很方便。
Their car was bigger and therefore more comfortable.
他们的车大些，因此更舒适些。
Progress so far has been very good. We are, therefore，
confident that the work will be completed on time. (so far所在的句子用现在完成时)
到目前为止进展十分顺利。因此我们有把握按时完成工作。
therefore是副词，可引出一个独立句，但不能连接两个句子，因此当therefore前没有and等连词时，前面须用分号。
He is not honest; therefore I don't trust him.
＝He is not honest and therefore I don't trust him.
他不诚实，因而我不信任他。
It rained; therefore the football match was postponed.
＝It rained, and therefore the football match was postponed.
下雨了；所以足球赛被推迟。
[比较]
·therefore adv.较正式，常用于数字、逻辑和其他精细的推论中，用于表示严谨的推理。
·so conj.非正式用语，用于简短的会话和日常文体中，推理不必很严密。
[即学即练] 用so或therefore填空
①She was sad, ________ she began to weep.
②I am tired, ________________ I stayed at home.
③The apartment house was being torn down; ________ we had to move.
④The sentence can, ________， be expected to be severe.
⑤These birds are very rare ________________ protected by law.
第二版块|重要短语
1)be known as作为……而出名；被称为……)
(教材原句)The idea began about 50 years ago, and was first known as “white bikes”．
这源于大约50年前，最初被称为“白色自行车”的想法。
be known for 因……而出名
be known to 为……所知
Lu Xun is known as a writer in China.鲁迅是中国著名的作家。
Mozart was known for his exceptional talent with music.
莫扎特是以他在音乐上无与伦比的造诣而出名的。
If the facts once become known to the police, he will be punished.如果事实一旦为警方所知，他将受到惩罚。
[比较] be known as/be known for
·be known as作为……而出名(侧重身份)；
John is known as an artist.约翰是一个出名的艺术家。
·be known for因……而出名(侧重原因)。
China is known for tea, right？中国以茶而闻名，对吧？
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The Great Wall is known ________ an ancient man made wonder.
②Where Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known ________ the public, but some won't accept it.
③He is known ________ his cleverness.
完成句子
④The West Lake __________________ (因……而出名) its beautiful scenery.
⑤The Sky Tower __________________ (作为……而出名) one of the most exciting sights in Auckland
2)because of由于(＝due to＝owing to))
(教材原句)Because of its convenience for bicycles, Amsterdam has become very popular with cyclists...
由于方便骑行，阿姆斯特丹非常受骑行者的欢迎……
because of ill health 由于健康状况不佳
because of bad weather 由于天气不好
Because of carelessness, our experiment ended in failure.
由于粗心，我们的实验以失败而告终。
[比较] because of/because
·because of是短语介词，后接名词、代词、动名词或what引导的从句；
He got punished because of what he had said.
他因为说的话而受到了惩罚。
·because是连词，引导原因状语从句。
Tom was late for work this morning because he was ill.
今天早上汤姆上班迟到了，因为他生病了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Because of ________ (ill), he asked for a 3 day leave.
②Because ________ all this extra time, there was no sense of urgency to do my schoolwork immediately.
③The sports meeting was put off due ________ the rain.
④________ (owe) to his careless driving, he had an accident.
完成句子
⑤He is absent ________________________________ (因病).
3)thanks to由于，因为；幸亏)
(教材原句)Thanks to the ideas and efforts of many people...
由于这个提议以及众多人的努力……
Thanks to his effort, he is more successful than we have expected.由于他的努力，他比我们预期的更加成功。
It was all a great success—thanks to a lot of hard work.
由于尽心竭力，这才大获成功。
[比较] thanks to/because of/due to/owing to
·thanks to后常接某人/某事，通常用于好的方面，意为“由于，因为”，有时候有“幸亏，多亏”之意；
·because of后常接人或事物，强调某事发生的原因，在口语中更为常用；
·due to为较正式用语，常用于官方的公开声明中；
·owing to后多接事物，可与due to互换。
[即学即练] 选词填空：due to/owing to/because of/thanks to
①He was out of work ________ a physical injury.
②Most of the problems were ________ human error.
③________ your help, I got the position advertised in the newspaper.
④The town was cut off from the rest of the world ________ heavy snow.
4)come up with想出，想到；提出)
(教材原句)In the 1960s, a group of cycling fans came up with an idea.20世纪60年代一群骑行爱好者提出了一个想法。
put up with 容忍，忍受
keep up with 跟得上；和……保持联系；了解
end up with 以……结束，以……告终
catch up with 追上，赶上
make up with 与……和好
He came up with a good idea for the product promotion.
他想出了一个推广产品的好方法。
Recently researchers have come up with a new theory.
最近研究人员提出了一个新论。
I'm not going to put up with their smoking any longer.
我再也不能容忍他们抽烟了。
She did not bother to keep up with the news.
她不愿操心去了解新闻。
He stopped and let her catch up with him.
他停下来，让她赶上自己。
[说明] 会上提出了一个问题。
[√]A question came up in the meeting.
[√]We came up with a question in the meeting.
[即学即练] 选词填空：come/put/keep/end
①She likes to ________ up with the latest fashions.
②If you do that, you'll ________ up with an egg on your face.
③Don't just try to ________ up with your toothache. Go and see the dentist.
④He ________ up with a good solution to the problem.
完成句子
⑤I was amazed that ________________ (他会想出) this sweet idea.
⑥I really don't know how anyone can ________________ (容忍，忍受) your constant complaint; no wonder you have lost so many friends.
5)make sure确保，确定；弄清楚，查明)
(教材原句)Make sure you put your schoolbag in a proper place.确保你把书包放在适当的地方。
You had better go through your homework again to make sure that nothing has been missed.
你最好把作业再检查一遍，免得漏掉什么。
Make sure to come on time.务必要及时赶到。
He got up early and made sure of catching the early bus.
他起得很早，确保赶上了早班公共汽车。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I always buy my ticket in advance to make sure of ________ (get) a seat.
②Make sure ________ (speak) with your doctor.
完成句子
③You'd better ____________________ (确保) you are safe.
④You must ________________ (弄清楚) the time and place.
第三版块|典型句式
so that引导目的状语从句)
(教材原句)People would leave the bike..., so that someone else could then...人们停放自行车……，以便其他人能……
so that引导目的状语从句时，意为“以便，为了”，相当于in order that，从句中往往有will, would, can, could, may, might等情态动词，表明动作尚未发生。
so that引导结果状语从句时，意为“因此，所以”，从句中通常不用情态动词。
I'll speak slowly so that you can understand me.
我会慢慢说，以便于你能懂我的意思。
He got up very early so that he could catch the early bus.
他起得很早，以便能赶上早班公共汽车。(目的)
He got up very early so that he caught the early bus.
他起得很早，所以赶上了早班公共汽车。(结果)
[即学即练] 完成句子
①The team are working hard to analyse the problem ________________ (以便他们能找到) the best solution.
②Let's not pick these peaches until this weekend ________________ (这样) they get sweet enough to be eaten.
③Their niece was spoiled __________________________ (结果她变得) naughtier and naughtier.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The scientists have built up many ________ (追踪) stations all over the world.
2．According to Carla, they should reach their ________ (目的地) in the desert by about mid afternoon.
3．He began ________ (骑自行车) home as fast as he could after responding to his mother's call.
4．They spent half the time looking for a ________ (停放) space.
5．I no longer have the support of the committee. I have, ________ (因此), decided to resign.
6．A short ________ (小径) through the woods leads to the village where we live currently.
7．Several reporters in the area have mysteriously ________ (消失).
Ⅱ.短语填空
become popular with, a matter of seconds, put forward, thanks to, because of, come up with, keep a record of, plenty of1.It was ____________ his advice on how to compose a good essay that I succeeded.
2．He rejected all the complex proposals ____________ by the committee.
3．The organiser asked you to ____________ the numbers of your traveller's checks.
4．Chinese food is ____________ foreigners all over the world.
5．There are ____________ students who are willing to recycle waste paper in our class.
6．I was late ____________ the heavy smog.
7．You have to ____________ a good idea that can make your dream come true.
8．They've just waited outside the exhibition for ____________.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Easy Project is an efficient method of planning, ________ (track) and controlling all types of projects.
2．There were cars ________ (park) down both sides, and I couldn't get closer.
3．They've changed the ________ (appear) of the whole building.
4．Is that the best solution you can come up ________？
5．She is well known ________ a singer to the younger generation all around the world.
6．I was late due ________ the heavy traffic of that region.
7．Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries ________ (disappear).
8．Hearing these stories, I'm skeptical about the place—other ________ (destination) are described as “purer” natural experiences.
9．By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks ________ a warming climate, according to a new study.
10．The manager put ________ a suggestion that we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．为打翻的牛奶哭泣是没有用的(覆水难收)。(it作形式主语)
________________________________________________________________________
2．由于交通拥堵严重，我没能按时到达办公室。(because of)
________________________________________________________________________
3．大火在几小时内就扑灭了。(in a matter of hours)
________________________________________________________________________
4．在学校附近很难找到停车位。(it作形式主语)
________________________________________________________________________
5．你为这件事责备他是不对的。(it作形式主语)
________________________________________________________________________
Section D Lesson 3 “White Bikes” on the Road
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．pedal 2.therefore 3.path 4.destination 5.activate
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．parking 2.disappearance 3.tracking 4.convenience
5．pollution 6.disadvantage 7.distant 8.cycling
9．unable; ability; enable 10.fortunate; fortunately
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．共享单车 2.停车问题 3.享受……的益处 4.被称为……；作为……而闻名 5.丰富的，大量的 6.被允许做某事
7．不久之后 8.(困难或问题)出现 9.仅仅几周内；仅仅过了几周 10.放入/插入 11.……和……的区别/不同/差异
12．对……有影响 13.传播到…… 14.早在20世纪60年代
15．……后不久
1．because of 2.become popular with 3.come up with
4．save energy 5.place sth. in 6.parking places
7．thanks to 8.a way to do sth. (＝a way of doing sth.)
9．make notes 10.put forward 11.make sure
12．keep a record of 13.similar to
14．put one's foot down on
课文研析·语篇理解
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．D 2.B 3.A 4.C
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
1．convenience 2.cyclists 3.was allowed 4.where 5.But
6．to record 7.to 8.central 9.to save 10.Fortunately
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．①disappearance ②into ③disappeared ④from
⑤disappeared from view/sight ⑥It appeared that
2．①a popular weekend destination ②at the destination
3．①so ②so/and therefore ③therefore ④therefore ⑤and therefore
第二版块|重要短语
1．①as ②to ③for ④is known/famous for
⑤is known/famous as
2．①illness ②of ③to ④Owing ⑤because of illness
3．①due to/owing to/because of ②due to/owing to
③Thanks to/Owing to/Because of
④due to/owing to/because of
4．①keep ②end ③put ④came ⑤he'd come up with
⑥put up with
5．①getting ②to speak ③make sure that ④make sure of
第三版块|典型句式
①so that they can find ②so that ③so that she became
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．tracking 2.destination 3.pedalling 4.parking
5．therefore 6.path 7.disappeared
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．thanks to 2.put forward 3.keep a record of
4．becoming popular with 5.plenty of 6.because of
7．come up with 8.a matter of seconds
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．tracking 2.parked 3.appearance 4.with 5.as 6.to
7．to disappear 8.destinations 9.to 10.forward
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．It's no use crying over spilt milk.
2．Because of the heavy traffic, I failed to get to my office on time.
3．The big fire was put out in a matter of hours.
4．It's hard to find a parking space near the school.
5．It's not right for you to blame him for the matter.Section A Topic Talk
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ n. 沙漠
2．____________ n. 龙头；阀门
3．____________ n. 纸巾
4．____________ n. 海洋，大海
5．____________ n. 雾霾
6．____________ n. 电池
7．____________ n. 碳
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．globe n．地球；地球仪；球状物→________ adj.全球的，全世界的
2．industry n．工业→________ adj.工业的
3．extinct adj.已灭绝的；绝种的→________ n．灭绝
4．solve v．解决→________ n．解决办法
5．electric adj.电的，用电的→________ n．电
6．cycle n．循环；周期→________ vi.& vt.再利用，回收利用
7．transport n．交通运输系统，运输方式→________ n．(美)输送/运；运输工具
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
A 写出下列短语的汉意
1．green living ________________
2．pick up litter ________________
3．use less tissue paper ________________
4．ocean pollution ________________
5．global warming ________________
6．use more public transport ________________
7．increase one's awareness of ________________
8．recycle used batteries ________________
9．live a low carbon life ________________
10．personal understanding ________________
11．interfere with ________________
12．It deserves to do... ________________
B 写出下列汉语所对应的英文短语
1．________________ 工业废料
2．________________ 动物/植物灭绝
3．________________ 减少污染
4．________________ 节约能源/水/纸/资源
5．________________ 少用电
6．________________ 与……和谐共存
7．________________ 保持……与……的平衡
8．________________ 尽自己所能做某事
9．________________ 住在公寓里
10．________________ 对抗，抵抗
第一版块|核心单词
1)solution n．解决办法；答案，谜底，溶液 solve vt.解决；解答 )
a solution to... ……的解决办法；……的答案/谜底(to是介词)
make a solution by mixing salt with water 把盐和水混合成溶液
the best solution 最好的解决办法
put forward a solution 提出解决办法
come up with/find/seek a solution 想出/找到/寻找解决办法
remain to be solved 留待解决
solve all of the problems 解决所有问题
She proposed a possible solution to the mystery.
她提出了对这个奥秘的一种可能的解答。
Faced with a number of problems, he managed to solve them one by one.面对许多问题，他设法一个一个地解决了。
[拓展] 常见的“n.＋to”结构：
the key to... ……的关键
the way to... 去……的路
the entrance to... ……的入口
the answer to... ……的答案
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I had already taken steps to speed up a solution ________ the problem.
②The ________ (solve), of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek shelter during the daytime.
③Have you ________ (solve) all the problems
④They tried ________ (solution) the economic crisis.
2)transport n．交通运输系统，运输方式 vt.运输；传播)
(教材原句)use less electricity/more public transport
少用电/多使用公共交通工具
transport...(from...)to... 把……(从……)运往……
air/rail/road transport 空中/铁路/公路运输
public transport 公共交通，公共交通工具
transport system 运输系统
have one's own transport 有自己的交通工具
means of transport/transportation 运输方式；运输工具
transport one's mind away 转移某人的注意力
The future of public transport is not in question.
公共交通的未来发展是不容置疑的。
The transport of goods by air is very expensive.
空运货物费用很贵。
Those passengers were transported by a Boeing 747 from Beijing to Haikou.
那批旅客是用波音747飞机从北京运送到海口的。
Flies transport different kinds of diseases.
苍蝇传播各种不同的疾病。
[易混比较]
·transport指“运输”的行为或“交通工具”；
·traffic指路上的行人和车辆，如heavy traffic拥挤的交通。
We recommend that you travel by public transport.
我们建议您乘坐公共交通工具出行。
We ran into heavy traffic near the airport.
我们在机场附近遇到了堵车。
[拓展]
transportation n．运输；运输工具；运输系统
The Panama Canal has played a very important role in transportation．
巴拿马运河在运输上起到了非常重要的作用。
My husband is using my car，so I have no means of transportation．
我丈夫在用我的车，所以我没有交通工具。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Guests ________ (transport) to the top of the hill via bus last Sunday.
②The building of the bridge is very important for the ________ (transport) between the two towns.
③Water may flow easily through pipes to fields, but it cannot ________ (transport) from one side of the world to the other.
④The statue was transported ________ a London exhibition.
完成句子
⑤We needed to get to London but we ______________ (没有任何交通工具).
⑥________________(高效智能的交通系统) is critical to the long term future of London.
3)recycle vi.& vt.再利用，回收利用)
(教材原句)recycle used batteries回收废电池
recycle waste 回收废弃物
recycle waste paper 回收废纸
recycled paper 再生纸(过去分语作定语)
recycling bin 回收站；资源回收箱
You can't recycle your wasted time.
你无法回收利用你浪费掉的时间。
The ecological system can recycle by itself.
生态系统本身就可以循环。
[说明]
前缀re 表示“再，重新”： review vt.复习；回顾
rebuild vt.重建 rewrite vt.重写
reappear v．再现 retell vt.复述
[拓展]
recycling n．回收利用
How does recycling help the environment
回收是如何改善环境的？
The recycling of paper is a good way to save resources.
回收利用纸是节约资源的一个好方法。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Water is one of the great examples of how Earth ________ (recycle).
②Governments are realising that ________ (recycle) may not be enough.
③The shop stocks everything from cigarettes to ________ (recycle) paper.
④Today, almost all plastic bottles ________ (recycle) in that country.
⑤To decrease the amount of rubbish and to protect the environment, more and more governments are requiring people ________ (recycle) materials.
完成句子
⑥We should try to ________________ (把所有废纸回收再利用).
4)harmony n．和谐；协调)
(教材原句)To me, green living is about living in harmony with nature.对我来说，绿色生活就是与自然和谐相处。
in harmony with 与……协调/一致
in harmony 协调一致(相符合)
out of harmony with 与……不协调；与……不一致
world/colour harmony 世界和谐/色彩协调
Your suggestions are not in harmony with the aims of this project.你的建议与本项目的目标不符。
The couple live in perfect harmony.这对夫妇生活十分和睦。
The violin was out of harmony with the rest of the instruments.小提琴拉得与其他乐器不协调。
[拓展]
harmonious adj.友好和睦的；和谐的；协调的
Their harmonious relationship resulted in part from their similar goals.
他们和谐的关系部分源于他们相似的目标。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We should protect wild animals from being harmed and live in harmony ________ them.
②The red sofa is out of harmony ________ the purple wall.
③Only in this way can we live ________ harmony with nature.
④So she felt greatly fortunate to live in such a ________ (harmony) community.
完成句子
⑤Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is ________________ (与自然和谐相处).
5)balance n．平衡；平衡能力；天平；结欠；余额 v．收支平衡；使……保持平衡；权衡)
(教材原句)maintaining the balance between human and nature 保持人与自然的平衡
keep one's balance 保持平衡
lose one's balance 失去平衡
keep a balance between A and B 保持A和B之间的平衡
out of balance 失去平衡
off balance 站不稳，失去平衡
in the balance 悬而未决
on balance 总的来说
I found it hard to keep my balance on the icy path.
我觉得在结冰的小路上保持身体平衡是相当困难的。
In my opinion，we should keep a balance between amusement and study or work.
在我看来，我们应该保持娱乐和学习与工作之间的平衡。
On balance，the company has had a successful year.
总的来说，公司这一年业绩很好。
The cutting down of many trees will have a very bad effect on the balance of nature.
砍伐许多树木会对自然界的平衡产生非常坏的影响。
balance the national economy 使国民经济保持平衡
balance the advantages against the disadvantages 权衡利弊
balance one's accounts 使收支平衡
balance in power 势均力敌
The company's accounts did not balance.
公司的账目收支不平衡。
When you learn to ride a bicycle you must learn to balance.
你学骑自行车时必须学会保持平衡。
[搭配] a good sense of balance良好的平衡感
the balance of nature自然界的平衡
psychological imbalances心理失衡
[拓展]
balanced adj.均衡的；平衡的；平稳的
imbalance n．失衡；不平衡；不公平
If you put on another one pound weight，the scale can be balanced．
如果你再放上一个一磅的砝码，这个秤就能平衡。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The long term future of the space programme hangs ________ the balance.
②We balance the benefits ________ the costs of medical insurance.
③It makes sense to eat a reasonably ________ (balance) diet when slimming.
④When more males are born than females, there is a population ________ (balance).
⑤________ balance, biotechnology should be good news for developing countries.
⑥It's very important to keep ________ balance between making and spending money.
完成句子
⑦The girl ________________ (失去了平衡)and fell off the balance beam.
⑧Horse riders need ________________ (良好的平衡感).
⑨It's important for everyone to go on ________________ (均衡饮食).
⑩He __________________ (把去山里旅行与……作了比较)the chance of a summer job.
6)flat n．一套公寓房，一套住房 adj.平坦的；扁平的；无趣的；单调的；断然的；瘪了的；撒了气的 adv.(尤指贴着另一表面)平直地；直截了当地)
(教材原句)Why doesn't the woman like living in a flat
为什么这位女士不喜欢住在公寓里？
a two bedroom flat 带两间卧室的公寓
a block of flat 一幢公寓楼
share a flat with sb. 同某人合住一套公寓
a flat roof 平屋顶
a flat screen 平面屏幕
be flat as a pancake 非常平坦
a flat tyre 一个瘪了的轮胎
be/lie flat on one's back 仰面平躺
flat out 以最快速度，以全速
fall flat 直挺挺地躺下；完全失败，根本未达到预期效果
a flat refusal 断然拒绝
She bought a flat close to her office.
她购买了一套靠近她办公室的公寓。
In the flat open countryside there is plenty of grass for the cattle to feed on.
在开阔平坦的乡村地区有大量的青草供牛群食用。
After the excitement was over，she felt flat.
令人兴奋的事过后，她感到兴味索然。
Her request was met with a flat refusal.
她的请求被断然拒绝。
She lay flat on her back in the warm sunshine.
她在温暖的阳光下平躺着。
My boss told me flat that I could not leave early.
我的老板明确地告诉我我不能早走。
[比较] flat/apartment
flat指比较简朴的住宅，通常占有不大或不很讲究的楼内某一层，多用于英式英语中；
apartment通常指单房，复数形式时指套房，也可指私人房或出租房，有无设备均可，多用在美式英语中。
[即学即练] 写出句中flat的词性及词义
①Her voice was flat and expressionless.________________
②One vehicle with a flat tyre can bring the motorway to a standstill.________________
③He turned down the suggestion flat.________________
完成句子
④People used to think that ________________ (地球是扁平的).
⑤His answer was equal to ________________ (断然拒绝).
⑥I was so unlucky that I got __________________ (爆胎) on my way home.
⑦Sara lives with her husband and children ________________ (在伦敦中心城区的一套公寓里).
⑧__________________ (他对……感到索然无味) the English Corner, because the foreign teacher was absent.
第二版块|重要短语
1)for instance 例如(＝for example))
(教材原句)．..which may cause different kinds of environmental problems, for instance...
……这可能会导致不同类型的环境问题，例如……
in this instance 在这种情况下；就这个情况而言
an instance where/when... ……的例子/实例
in the first instance 第一步，首先
A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in Europe, for instance.
例如，欧洲的年轻劳动力可能会大幅减少。
In India, for instance, most people traditionally eat with their hands.例如，在印度，大多数人历来用手抓饭吃。
In the first instance, a letter from your employer may be all you need.首先，你所需要的或许只是雇主写的一封信。
It is not always helpful to draw analogies, but in this instance it is useful.
进行类比并非总能有所帮助，但在这种情况下还是有用的。
This is one of the few instances where the director does not succeed.这是这位导演少数不成功的作品之一。
I can't think of a single instance when mother was unfair.我想不出一个事例能说明母亲是不公正的。
[比较] for instance/such as
for instance与such as均可用于表示举例，有时可互换。
·for instance用来举例说明某一论点或情况，一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例，作插入语，可位于句首、句中或句末，需要用逗号跟句子隔开。
·such as用于举例时，一般列举同类人或事物中的几个例子，总是跟在被说明的内容之后，不能独立成句，也不能用于句首或句末，其后也不能用逗号。
[提示] 用instance where 和instance when 的基本区别是：若将instance看作“地点”，则通常用instance where；若将instance看作“时间”，则通常用instance when。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ instance, two female astronauts in China have boarded the space station.
②Ball games, ________ example, have spread around the world.
③This is an instance ________ he is wrong.
完成句子
④________________ (在这种情况下), you must follow the teacher's advice.
选词填空：for instance/such as
⑤After school, we can do various activities, ________ swimming, playing football and running.
⑥Offices can easily become more environment friendly by，________， using recycled paper.
2)do one's part for sth.尽自己所能做某事(＝do one's bit for sth.))
(教材原句)doing my part for the environment
为环境尽我的一份力
play a part in 参加，参与
have a part to play (in...) (在……中)发挥作用
play one's full part in 全力参与……
take an active part (in) 积极参加
want no part of sth. 不想参与某事
in large part/for the most part 多半，在很大程度上；在大多数地方
be (a) part of 是……的一部分
I'll do my part for the school sports meeting.
我将为学校运动会尽我的一份力量。
No one can say Mary didn't do her part/bit.
没人可以说玛丽没有尽其职责。
Your parents' personalities also play a part in how they'll react.你父母的性格也会对他们如何反应有影响。
We all have a part to play in the fight against crime.
打击犯罪，我们大家都有一份责任。
His brother plays his full part in the project.
他的兄弟在这项工程中发挥了全部作用。
I advise you to take an active part in sports and social activities.我建议你积极参加体育活动和社会活动。
The contributors are，for the most part，professional scientists.投稿者大多是专业科学家。
Commuting is a part of daily life for many people.
乘车上下班是许多人日常生活的一部分。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①You must do your part ________ the growth of your children.
②I am sick of that and I want no part ________ it.
③Exercise has a major part ________ (play) in preventing diseases.
④________ the most part he left the books to his managers and accountants.
⑤These days work plays an important part ________ a single woman's life.
⑥Only if you take ________ active part in physical activity will you be able to keep fit and stay healthy.
完成句子
⑦There is no denying that the Internet ________________ (扮演着越来越重要的角色)in our life and work.
(3)end with 以……结束
(教材原句)Finally，the exhibition ends with a summary about what we personally believe we should be doing to lead a green life.最后，展览结束时总结了我们个人认为我们应该做些什么来引领绿色生活。
end up 结果为……，以……结束
end up doing sth. 以做某事告终(此处可理解为现在分词作方式状语)
end up with 以……结束(后接表具体事物的名词，反义短语：begin/start with)
end up in 以……结束(后接表抽象概念的名词及地点名词)
end up as 最终成为……(后接表职位或身份的名词)
end in 以……结束/告终
The letter ended with a personal request.
这封信以一个私人的请求结束。
[比较]
·end with 以……结束(无感彩，只是用于描述某事以……结束)
The evening ended with a reading from her latest novel.
晚会最后朗诵了一段她的最新小说。
·end up with 以……结束(结果往往与自己当初的设想不一样)
The film ended up with the heroine dead.
电影结束时，女主角去世了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①A dinner may start with soup and end ________ nuts.
②At last I ended up ________ (hit) the set with my fist, and it stopped working altogether.
③Anyone who swims in the river could end up ________ a stomach upset.
④After constant efforts，he finally ended up ________ the manager of the company.
完成句子
⑤He studied very hard and this term ____________________ (以满分结束).
⑥He studied very hard but this term __________________ (以失败结束).
4)prefer to do更喜欢做；宁愿做)
(教材原句)I prefer to have a garden because I like being close to nature.我更喜欢有一个花园，因为我喜欢亲近大自然。
We mostly prefer to say yes to the requests of someone we know and like.
我们通常更喜欢答应我们所认识并喜欢的人的请求。
We can eat out if you like，but I would prefer to stay in.
如果你愿意，我们可以出去吃饭，但是我更愿意在家吃。
prefer A to B 喜欢A胜过B
prefer doing...(to doing...) 宁愿做……(而不愿做……)
prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事
prefer that sb.(should) do sth. 宁愿某人做某事
prefer to do...rather than do... 宁愿做……而不愿意做……
＝would rather do...than do...
＝would do...rather than do...
这个男孩宁愿把玩具拆开也不愿把它扔掉。
The boy prefers to take the toy apart rather than throw it away.
＝The boy would rather take the toy apart than throw it away.
＝The boy would take the toy apart rather than throw it away.
[拓展] (1)prefer在变过去式、过去分词及现在分词时须双写r。
preferred—preferred—preferring
(2)prefer本身已具有比较意味，相当于like...better，因此不能再与better, more等词连用。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The boss prefers ________ (reduce) the sales rather than cut the costs.
②Unlike fast food places, fine dining shops prefer customers ________ (stay) longer and spend.
③That is why fish prefer shallow water ________ deep water because the former is warmer.
④I prefer ________ (earn) my own living to ________ (take) charge of my father's company.
＝I prefer ________ (earn) my own living rather than ________ (take) charge of my father's company.
完成句子
⑤I prefer ________________________ (你待在家里) and do nothing.
⑥I prefer ________________________ (骑自行车去上学) to by bus.
5)need to be done需要被做(＝need doing)(主语通常是物))
(教材原句)Climate change is a terrible problem, and it absolutely needs to be solved.
气候变化是一个可怕的问题，绝对需要解决。
This shirt needs to be washed.
＝This shirt needs washing.
这件衬衣该洗了。
[拓展]
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The machine is broken down, and it needs ________ (repair).
②When you need ________ (talk) to someone, don't do it in your own office.
③We needn't ________ (hurry) with our meeting.
④The weather is too hot. We don't need ________ (go) shopping.
6)deserve to do值得做)
(教材原句)It deserves to be a huge priority.
这理应是优先考虑的事情。
deserve consideration 值得考虑
deserve to win 该赢
deserve a medal 应获得奖牌
It's true that she made a mistake but she hardly deserves to lose her job.她的确犯了错，但她不应该被解雇。
[说明] deserve表示“值得”时后接doing，用主动形式表示被动意义，相当于接动词不定式的被动语态，即deserve doing＝deserve to be done，类似的动词还有need, require, want(需要)等。
He's a responsible writer, and he deserves respecting/to be respected.
他是个有责任感的作家，理应受人尊重。
[翻译] 他需要批评了。
[拓展]
He deserves punishing.
＝He deserves to be punished.
＝He deserves punishment.
他罪有应得。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She has been working hard, so she deserves ________ (succeed).
②The story once again tells us that one good turn ________ (deserve) another.
③E waste deserves ________ (make) good use of.
④His music deserved ________ (preserve) in the family.
完成句子
⑤The athletes' performance in the competition ____________________________________ (值得表扬).
第三版块|典型句式
1)as if 引导方式状语从句(as if ＝as though))
(教材原句)We are using resources as if we had two planets, not one.我们使用资源时就好像我们有两个地球而不是一个似的。
[句式分析]
(1)as if从句可用陈述语气，但更常用的是as if 引导的从句用虚拟语气，表示所述的情况与事实不符。as if从句谓语构成如下：
·与现在事实不符：过去式(be用were)
·与过去事实不符：过去完成式(be用had been)
·与将来事实不符：would/could/might＋be/do
He looks at me as if I were mad.他瞧着我仿佛我疯了似的。
He behaved as if nothing had happened.他表现得若无其事。
He talks gladly as if/though he would be our monitor.
他高兴地谈论着，好像要成为我们的班长似的。
(2)look/seem/feel＋as if引导的表语从句
as if引导的表语从句根据具体情况用陈述语气或虚拟语气。
The black clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to rain.乌云正在聚集。看起来好像要下雨了。(陈述语气)
She looks as if she got back to her childhood again.
她看起来好像又回到了她的童年时代。(虚拟语气)
[拓展]
as if 引导的从句有时用省略形式，as if ＋名词/分词/不定式/形容词/介词短语。
She stood at the door as if (she was) waiting for someone.
她站在门口，好像在等人。
She laid her hand lightly on his arm as if (she was) to thank him for it.
她把手轻轻地放在他的胳膊上，好像要为此表示感谢。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Li Ming speaks English as though he ________ (be) an American.
②They look as if they ________ (not care).
③He closed his eyes as if ________ (fall in sleep).
④They completely ignore these facts as if they never ________ (exist).
⑤That boy walked into the restaurant as if he ________ (not see) food for a week.
⑥She looked at me as if I ________ (be) a stranger.
完成句子
⑦He opens his mouth as if __________________ (要说话).
⑧This meat tastes as if ____________________ (已经坏了).
⑨It seems as if ______________ (将有个选举)soon.
(2)leave＋宾语＋宾补 让……处于……（某种状态）
(教材原句)not to leave the tap running不要让龙头开着
[句式分析]
该结构主要有以下几种形式：
例：leave her waiting outside让她在外面等着
leave the window fastened 关紧窗户
leave her to find her own way home让她自己回家
leave him an orphan让他成了孤儿
leave the door open让门开着
leave the light on 让灯开着
leave the bird in the cage让鸟待在笼子里
leave the chair where it is把椅子留在原处
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Southbank is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ________ (ring).
②They put some rice into a pot of water and left it ________ (boil) while they made the French toast.
③They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies ________ (expose).
④It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases ________ the hallway.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Switch off the ________ (电)before you attempt any repair even if you are professional.
2．Anyone needing ________ (运输方式)should not hesitate to ring me.
3．The family live in a ground floor ________ (公寓) next to an opera theatre.
4．Polluted air that is a mixture of smoke and fog is called ________ (雾霾)，which affects people's visual sense and health.
5．I like to swim in the ________ (海洋) when it's warm enough, which is joyous.
6．A ________ (沙漠)is a large area of land with few plants and little water, where the weather is always dry.
7．When the red light comes on, you should recharge the ________ (电池).
8．The plant material itself is converted to black ________ (碳).
Ⅱ.短语填空
do your part for, increase people's awareness of, live in harmony with, pick up, fight against
1．They ____________ the enemy fiercely, struggling to defeat them.
2．The campaign aims to ____________ the dangers of passive smoking, which is threatening their health.
3．You should ____________ the task and get a better score.
4．The little girl ____________ a wallet on the road and didn't hesitate to hand it to the teacher.
5．Deep in the Amazon Rainforest, there are some mysterious tribes ____________ nature.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．We passed through several ________ (desert) villages whose inhabitants had fled.
2．On average, paper bags contain 35 percent ________ (recycle) paper.
3．You should continue to lead a healthy life, such as eating a ________ (balance) diet, taking exercise and keeping warm.
4．Your suggestion about the advertisement deserves ________ (consider).
5．On a ________ (globe) scale, 77% of energy is created from fossil fuels.
6．Some western countries are advanced ________ (industry) societies and they have come into a developed stage.
7．They made plans to save the minor industry from ________ (extinct).
8．The committee has failed to come up with any ________ (solve) for the crisis, leading the meeting to a failure.
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．她总是以我姐姐的语气跟我说话。(as if从句)
________________________________________________________________________
2．他走得很慢，好像腿受伤了。(as if从句)
________________________________________________________________________
3．我可以把鞋子放在这里吗？(leave＋宾语＋副词作宾补)
________________________________________________________________________
4．他有时会把雨伞落在火车上。(leave＋宾语＋介词短语作宾补)
________________________________________________________________________
5．你应该委托律师去解决那个问题．(leave＋宾语＋to do作宾补)
________________________________________________________________________
Section A Topic Talk
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．desert 2.tap 3.tissue 4.ocean 5.smog 6.battery 7.carbon
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．global 2.industrial 3.extinction 4.solution
5．electricity 6.recycle 7.transportation
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．绿色生活 2.捡起垃圾 3.少用纸巾 4.海洋污染
5．全球变暖 6.更多地使用公共交通工具
7．提高某人对……的意识 8.回收废电池 9.过低碳生活 10.切身体会 11.干预、阻挠，妨碍 12.值得做……
1．industrial waste 2.animal/plant extinction 3.reduce pollution 4.save energy/water/paper/resources 5.use less electricity 6.live in harmony with 7.maintain the balance between... and... 8.do one's part for sth. 9.live in a flat
10．fight against
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．①to ②solution ③solved ④to solve
2．①were transported ②transportation ③be transported ④to ⑤had no means of transport/transportation
⑥An efficient and intelligent transport system
3．①recycles ②recycling ③recycled ④are recycled
⑤to recycle ⑥recycle all our waste paper
4．①with ②with ③in ④harmonious
⑤to live in harmony with nature
5．①in ②against ③balanced ④imbalance ⑤On
⑥a ⑦lost her balance ⑧a good sense of balance
⑨a balanced diet ⑩balanced a trip to the mountains against
6．①形容词，单调的 ②形容词，瘪了的 ③副词，直截了当地 ④the earth was flat ⑤a flat refusal ⑥a flat tyre ⑦in a flat in central London ⑧He felt flat about
第二版块|重要短语
1．①For ②for ③where ④In this instance ⑤such as ⑥for instance
2．①for ②of ③to play ④For ⑤in ⑥an
⑦plays a more and more important part
3．①with ②hitting ③with ④as ⑤ended with full marks
⑥ended up with failure
4．①to reduce ②to stay ③to
④earning; taking; to earn; take
⑤you to stay at home/that you (should) stay at home
⑥going to school by bike
5．①to be repaired/repairing ②to talk ③hurry ④to go
6．①to succeed ②deserves ③to be made ④to be preserved
⑤deserves praising/deserves to be praised/deserves the praise
第三版块|典型句式
1．①were ②didn't care ③to fall in sleep ④existed
⑤hadn't seen ⑥had been ⑦(he is) to speak something
⑧it has gone bad ⑨there will be an election
2．①ringing ②to boil ③exposed ④in
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．electricity 2.transport 3.flat 4.smog 5.ocean
6．desert 7.battery 8.carbon
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．fought against 2.increase people's awareness of
3．do your part for 4.picked up 5.living in harmony with
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．deserted 2.recycled 3.balanced 4.to be considered/considering 5.global 6.industrial 7.extinction 8.solutions
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．She always talks to me as if she were my sister.
2．He walked slowly as if he had hurt his leg.
3．May I leave my shoes here
4．He sometimes leaves his umbrella on the train.
5．You should leave the lawyer to settle the problem.Section B Lesson 1 Roots and Shoots
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ n. 树根
vi.& vt. (使)生根
2．____________ n. 砖，砖块
3．____________ n. 加仑
4．____________ n. 机构；研究院
5．____________ vi.&vt. (狗)摇(尾巴)
6．____________ n. 芽，苗；嫩枝
vt. 射中，射击
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．bother vi.& vt.费心，麻烦→________ adj.担心的；烦恼的
2．firm adj.实的；稳固的→________ adv.坚定地；坚固地
3．found vt.创建，创办；成立；建立→________ n．基础；地基
4．involve vt.参与；包含→________ n．卷入，参考
5．establish vt.建立，设立，确立，使得到承认→________ n．设立；制定
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
A 写出下列短语的汉意
1．can't be bothered to do sth.________________
2．suffer from ________________
3．so what ________________
4．make a difference ________________
5．say to oneself ________________
6．be committed to ________________
7．live in peace with ________________
8．make a firm foundation ________________
9．break open brick walls ________________
10．all around the world ________________
11．a part of... ________________
12．make contributions/a contribution to
________________
13．have negative effects/a negative effect on
________________
14．in fact＝as a matter of fact＝in reality
________________
15．encourage sb. to do sth. ________________
B 写出下列汉语所对应的英文短语
1．________________ 数百万的
2．________________ 采取行动
3．________________ 成立；设立；建立；搭建
4．________________ 世界上在……(研究领域)最著名的专家
5．________________ 除……外(还)
6．________________ 成千上万的
7．________________ 摇尾巴
8．________________ 在……中扮演角色；在……中起作用
9．________________ 让世界变得更美好
10．________________ 植根于……
11．________________ 加入，参加
12．________________ 大量的……(＋复数谓语)
________________ ……的数量(＋单数谓语)
13．________________ 关心
14．________________ 处理，应付
15．________________ 有时间做某事
Ⅰ.课文思维导图
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．Why does the author mention “Just me ism” in Paragraph 1
A．To show the importance of each individual.
B．To reveal the damage humans do to the world.
C．To call on people to save energy.
D．To inform us of some awful facts.
2．For what purpose was Roots & Shoots founded
A．To teach people how to be a person with a green thumb.
B．To educate young people to take action for the environment.
C．To promote the study of chimpanzees.
D．To help educate young people to have a bright future.
3．Who does Roots & Shoots represent
A．Researchers at the institute.
B．Ordinary people living in peace with nature.
C．Children in primary schools.
D．Young people around the world.
4．What does Roots & Shoots emphasise
A．The importance of each individual.
B．The importance of wildlife protection.
C．The education of the next generation.
D．The urgency of environmental protection.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Most people suffer 1.________ what is known as “Just me ism”. Actually, it is 2.________ (harm) to the world. 3.________ (inspire) young people to take action for the environment, animals and their community, Roots & Shoots 4.________ (establish). The organisation is called Roots & Shoots because roots move 5.________ (slow) under the ground to make a firm 6.________ (found), and shoots can break open brick walls 7.________ (reach) the light.
The value and importance of each individual is 8.________ Roots & Shoots is all about. Dr. Jane Goodall thinks each individual has a role 9.________ (play) and every individual makes 10.________ difference.
[词汇注释]
①suffer from因……而遭受痛苦
②leave a light on不关灯
③so what那又怎样
※用来暗指之前的话不重要、无趣或与己无关
④make a difference有影响，有差别，有作用
※make a big difference to对……有很大的影响/作用
make no difference to对……没有影响/作用
⑤say to oneself自言自语
⑥millions of数百万的
⑦gallon/'g l n/n.加仑
※液量容积单位(1加仑，合英制4.55升，合美制3.79升)
⑧take action采取行动
⑨institute/' nst tju t/
n．机构；研究院
⑩set up成立；设立；建立；搭建
※set up an institute
成立一个机构
an expert on...……研究领域的专家
chimpanzee/ t mp n'zi /n．黑猩猩
in addition to除……外(还)
※in addition此外(独立使用，常作状语)
be committed to献身于，致力于
live in peace with
与……和平共处
※live in harmony with
与……和谐相处
firm/f m/adj.实的；稳固的
foundation/fa n'de n/n.基础；地基
brick/br k/n.砖，砖块
all around the world
全世界
※throughout the world全世界
hundreds and thousands of成千上万的
wag/w g/vi. & vt.(狗)摇(尾巴)
※wag one's tail摇尾巴
matter vi.重要，要紧
play a role (in)
(在……中)扮演角色；(在……中)起作用
(be) rooted in植根于
a part of……的一部分
involve/ n'v lv/vt.
参与；包含
※involve doing sth.
包含做某事
[教材原文]
ROOTS & SHOOTS
Most people suffer from① what is known as “Just me ism”. What is that Well, say you leave the tap running while you brush your teeth, leave a light on② when you go out or you drop a piece of litter and can't be bothered to pick it up. You know that all those things are wrong, but so what③？ “What difference can it possibly make④？” you say to yourself. “There are millions of people in the world and I'm just me. How can it matter if I leave one little tap running, one little light on or leave a little piece of litter on the road And anyway, no one will know.” Of course, it wouldn't matter if there were just a few people in the world．【1】 But just think of all the millions of people saying to themselves⑤： “It doesn't matter. It's just me. And, anyway, no one knows.” Millions of⑥ gallons⑦ of water would be wasted; millions of lights would be left on; millions of pieces of litter would be dropped. And all of this would be very harmful.
【1】It wouldn't matter if...如果……也没关系。表示在某种条件下，不会产生多大影响。
To inspire young people to take action⑧ for the environment, animals and their community, Roots & Shoots was established. This institute⑨ was set up⑩ in the early 1990s by Dr. Jane Goodall, a scientist who's the world's best known expert on wild chimpanzees . In addition to her research, she has been whole heartedly committed to environmental protection. The whole purpose of Roots & Shoots is to educate young people, from pre schoolers to university students, so they can help to build a future that is secure and live together in peace with nature.
The organisation is called Roots & Shoots because roots move slowly under the ground to make a firm foundation ， and shoots seem small and weak, but they can break open brick walls to reach the light. The roots and shoots are you, your friends and young people all around the world . Hundreds and thousands of roots and shoots can solve the problems, change the world and make it a better place to live in.
Do you think you help to make the world a better place when you make a sad person smile, when you make a dog wag its tail, and when you water a thirsty plant 【2】 One cheered up person, one happy dog, one flowering plant, and you. That's what Roots & Shoots is all about: the value and importance of each individual—human, animal or plant. Dr. Jane Goodall believes that the most important thing is that：“Every individual matters . Every individual has a role to play . Every individual makes a difference.” You get to choose: Do you want to use your life to make the world a better place for people, animals and the environment Do you want to make Roots & Shoots rooted in everyone's heart Do you want to be a part of a community for a shared future You cannot be absent.
【2】三个when引导并列的时间状语从句。当多个相同的句子成分并列时，必须用and把最后一个和前面的连接起来；三个when引导的时间状语从句又构成了排比句，用排比来抒情，节奏和谐，显得感情、气势更为强烈。
It is by acting together, in this exciting way, that we can involve thousands—millions—of people, and this is what is going to change the world. 【3】
—Jane Goodall
【3】强调句，强调了方式状语by acting together, in this exciting way, what引导表语从句。
[汉语译文]
根(root)与芽(shoot)
很多人都有所谓的“就我一个( Just me ism)”问题。这是什么意思呢？比方说你刷牙的时候让水哗哗地流，外出的时候不关灯，或者掉了一块垃圾却懒得捡起来。你知道这些都是不对的，但那又怎么样？“会有什么差别呢？”你对自己说，“世界上有数百万人，我不过是我自己。如果我不关一个小小的水龙头、一盏小小的灯或在路上掉了一小块垃圾，这会有什么问题？而且不管怎样，也没人会知道。”当然，如果世界上只有几个人，那就无所谓了。但试想要是数百万人都对自己说： “没关系。只有我一个。而且，不管怎样，也没人会知道。”那将会浪费数百万加仑(gallon)的水，忘记关掉数百万的灯，掉下数百万块的垃圾。而这些都是非常有害的。
为了激励年轻人行动(take action)起来保护环境、动物和社区，“根与芽”(Roots & Shoots)诞生了。这个组织(institute)于20世纪90年代初由珍·古道尔博士创立，在野生黑猩猩(chimpanzee)研究领域，她是世界上最著名的专家。除了自己的科研，她一直全身心地投入环境保护事业。“根与芽”的目的是教育年轻人，从学龄前儿童到大学生，使他们能够为创造一个安全、与自然和平共处的未来而贡献力量。
这个组织取名“根与芽”，取意根部在地下缓慢延伸以形成坚实的(firm)基础(foundation)，而芽看起来又小又弱，却可以向着光明冲破砖(brick)墙的阻挡。根和芽就是你、你的朋友和世界各地(all around the world)的年轻人。成千上万的根和芽能够解决问题，改变世界，使其更加宜居。
当你使一个悲伤的人破涕为笑，让一只狗摇(wag)尾巴，给一株干渴的植物浇水时，你觉得自己让世界变得更美好了吗？一个振作起来的人，一只快乐的狗，一株开花的植物和你。这就是“根与芽”的全部意义：重视每一个个体的价值和重要性，不管是人、动物，还是植物。珍·古道尔博士认为，最重要的是：“每一个个体都很重要。每一个个体都有自己的角色。每一个个体都能有所作为。”你可以选择：你想通过自己的生活，为了人类、动物和环境而让世界变得更美好吗？你想让“根与芽”植根于每个人的心中吗？你想成为命运共同体的一员吗？你不能缺席。
正是通过这种令人激动的方式共同行动起来，我们可以让成百上千、甚至上百万人参与(involve)其中，这将改变世界。
——珍·古道尔
第一版块|核心单词
1)bother vi.& vt.费心，麻烦 n．麻烦；令人烦恼的情况(或事物、人))
(教材原句)Drop a piece of litter and can't be bothered to pick it up.掉了一块垃圾却懒得捡起来。
bother about 烦恼
bother sb. with sth. 拿某事烦扰某人
bother to do sth./doing sth. 费心做某事(常用于否定句和疑问句)
bother sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事
can't be bothered about 对……无所谓
can't be bothered to do sth. 懒得做某事
We are playing a trick on a man who keeps bothering us.
我们正在捉弄那个总是烦我们的人。
There is nothing the matter. I wish you wouldn't bother about me.不要紧，希望你别为我操心。
I am sorry. I have bothered you with so many questions.
真抱歉，我用这么多的问题打扰了你。
Lots of people don't bother to go through a marriage ceremony these days.如今，很多人不费心举办婚礼了。
It bothers me to think of her alone in that big house.
想到她孤零零地待在那所大房子里，我便坐立不安。
I am afraid it was a bother for you to do this.
做这件事恐怕太麻烦你了。
We had a lot of bother finding our way to his house.
我们费了很大劲才找到去他家的路。(bother作“麻烦、困难”讲时，是不可数名词；作“令人烦恼的事物、讨厌的人”讲时，是可数名词。)
[句式] It bothers sb. to do sth./that...
做某事/……让某人心烦。
Why bother？何必那么麻烦？
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Don't bother ________ such matters.
②It upset him that nobody had bothered ________ (tell) him about it.
③The sauce is thick and rich so don't bother ________ (try) to diet.
④I can't be bothered ________ travelling by train.
⑤He never even ________ (bother) to acknowledge her presence.
⑥I experienced years of loneliness as a child. My older brother couldn't ________ (bother) to play with me.
⑦You'd better not bother me ________ these little things because I'm busy.
完成句子
⑧________________________________ (何必那么麻烦)？We can stay at home and watch films online.
⑨I'm in a bad mood and____________________ (懒得去) the party.
2)firm adj.实的；稳固的；严格的 n．公司；商行)
(教材原句)The organisation is called Roots & Shoots because roots move slowly under the ground to make a firm foundation...这个组织取名“根与芽”，取意根部在地下缓慢延伸以形成坚实的基础……
a firm bed 结实的床
a firm base 稳固的底座
a firm date/decision 确定的日期/明确的决定
a firm hold/grasp 紧紧抓住，牢牢握住
take a firm stand/line 采取坚定立场
a law firm 一家律师事务所
The handshake was firm and cool.那次握手有力而冷静。
He kept a firm hold on her hand as he helped her across the river.他在帮她过河时紧紧地抓住她的手。
I knew he worked for a security firm.
我知道他为一家保安公司工作。
[拓展]
firmly adv.牢牢地；坚定地
The front door is locked and all the windows are firmly shut.
前门被锁，所有的窗户都牢牢地关着。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Several new ________ (firm) have now entered the market.
②He ________ (firm) believes that education can change everything.
完成句子
③Parents ______________ (对……一定要严格) their children.
④Diana and Laura ______________ (一直是坚定的朋友)since then.
3)involve vt.参与；包含；牵涉；使卷入)
(教材原句)It is by acting together, in this exciting way, that we can involve thousands—millions—of people, and this is what is going to change the world.
正是通过这种令人激动的方式共同行动起来，我们可以让成百上千、甚至上百万人参与其中，这将改变世界。
involve doing sth. 包括/需要做某事
involve sb. in (doing) sth. 使某人参与(做)某事
be/get involved in 参与；卷入；与……有关联
A letter of credit will involve unnecessary extra charges.
信用证将包含不必要的额外开支。
Running a kitchen involves lots of discipline and speed.
管理厨房需要讲究纪律和速度。
The test will involve answering some questions about a photograph.考试将包括回答一些关于一张照片的问题。
We want to involve as many people as possible in the celebrations.我们希望参加庆典的人越多越好。
There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I had a second chance to become more involved.
村里的社交生活很好，我希望能再有机会更多地参与其中。
The reporter is curious to know whether the official is involved in the case.
那个记者很想知道此案是否牵连那位官员。
[拓展]
involvement n．卷入；牵连；参与
He spoke honestly about his involvement in the affair.他直言不讳地说了他与该事件有牵连。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①For a long time Gabriel didn't want to ________ (involve) in music at all.
②We'll make our decision and contact the people ________ (involve).
③An example at hand is the ________ (involve) of parents in the lives of their children who are attending college.
④No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved ________ various activities on Earth Day.
⑤The job involves ________ (travel) abroad for three months each year.
⑥Don't involve other people ________ your trouble.
完成句子
⑦I______________________________ (似乎已经将自己卷入了) something I don't understand.
4)root n．树根；根源，起因 v．(使)生根；起源于；根除；使固定 vi.生根)
tree roots 树根
at the root of... 从根本上
the root of the matter/problem 事情/问题的根源
put down roots 生根；定居
have one's roots in 起源于……
be/lie at the root of 是……的根本原因
the root of all evil 万恶之源
be rooted in 起源于；植根于
root up weeds 根除杂草
We dug up the root of the tree.我们挖起了这棵树的根。
We rooted up weeds.我们已将杂草根除。
Brain was rooted to the spot by fear.
布雷恩吓得动弹不得。
The plant roots quickly.这种植物生根很快。
[语境助记]
His problems are deeply rooted in his childhood experiences.
他的问题深深地根源于他儿时的经历。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We need to get to the root ________ the problem.
②What lies ________ the root ________ the problem is their lack of interest.
③This tradition is also firmly rooted ________ the past.
④His fears of loneliness lay ________ the very root ________ his inability to leave.
⑤It is a moral question ________ root.
5)shoot n．芽，苗；嫩枝 vt.射中；射击 shot n．射击；枪声(不规则动词：shot, shot, shooting))
green shoots 绿色的嫩芽
bamboo shoots 竹笋
shoot at 向……射击(表示动作，不一定射中)
shoot a gun 开枪＝fire a gun
shoot a bullet 发射子弹
shoot sb.dead 开枪打死某人
shoot a glance at sb. 看某人一眼
shoot sb. in the head/back/leg 射中某人的头部/背部/腿部
shoot out buds 发芽
shoot across (光)闪过，掠过
shoot at the target 向目标射击
take a shot at(＝shoot at) 朝……开枪(不一定打中)
With the warmth of spring, the ice has melted and the green shoots have made their way up toward the sun.
春天的温暖让冰融化，绿色的嫩芽便朝着阳光生长开来。
She shot herself.她举枪自杀了。
The trees are shooting out buds.树木发芽了。
The police shot the kidnapper.警察击毙绑匪。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Then Jeff noticed steam ________ (shoot) out of the pot and the lid starting to shake.
②Two guys walked in and started shooting ________ people.
③The police shot ________ the escapees and one of them was ________ (shoot) dead.
④She ________ (shoot) ________ envious glance ________ me.
⑤The soldier was ________ (shoot) ________ the head and was sent to the hospital in a hurry.
⑥When I was trying to tie my shoelaces, I suddenly felt a terrible pain shoot ________ my back.
第二版块|重要短语
1)suffer from因……而遭受痛苦)
(教材原句)Most people suffer from what is known as“Just me ism”．很多人都有所谓的“就我一个(Just me ism)”问题。
For example, people who exercise regularly are less likely to suffer from many diseases.
例如，经常锻炼的人患许多疾病的概率较低。
[注意] suffer直接接宾语，表示“遭受”；suffer接from再接宾语，表示“因……而遭受痛苦”，from表原因。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Even though he suffered ________ a lot of difficulties, he never gave in.
②We are concerned about the people ________ (suffer) from the flood.
③People settling in this area suffer ________ a number of problems.
完成句子
④If a neighbour ____________________ (生病)，offer to do the grocery shopping.
2)take action采取行动)
(教材原句)To inspire young people to take action for the environment, animals and their community, Roots & Shoots was established.为了激励年轻人行动起来保护环境、动物和社区，“根与芽”诞生了。
take (positive) action/measures/steps to do sth. 采取(积极的)行动/措施做某事
immediate action 立刻行动
urgent action 紧急行动
in action 在运转；在活动中
bring...into action 使……生效
into action 实行；实施
out of action 不能工作；停止运转；失去作用
We need more time to see how things develop before we take action.我们采取行动之前需要更多时间观察情况如何发展。
My assistant will now show the machine in action.
我的助手现在将演示机器的运行情况。
The rules will be brought into action tomorrow.
章程从明天开始生效。
They were trapped when the lift went out of action.
电梯出现故障时，他们被困住了。
[语境助记]
They decided against taking legal action．
他们决定不提起诉讼。
We have to take action to stop them.
我们得采取行动来制止他们。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He is a very good footballer. You ought to see him ________ action.
②Gill's last school report shocked her parents ________ action.
③It's time to get rid of these bad habits and take action—________ (protect) the environment.
④He's been ________ of action for 16 months with a serious knee injury.
⑤The ________ (act) of picking the baby up had made her back ache.
完成句子
⑥On arriving at the destination, the soldiers ________________ (行动起来去搜寻) survivors.
3)be committed to致力于；献身于)
(教材原句)In addition to her research, she has been whole heartedly committed to environmental protection.
除了自己的科研，她还全身心地投入环保事业。
commit a crime 犯罪
commit suicide 自杀
commit murder 犯谋杀罪
commit oneself to (doing) sth. 承诺/保证(做)某事
make a commitment (to do sth.) 承诺(做某事)
He is still committed to the struggle for the equal rights of the black.他仍然致力于为黑人争取平等权利的斗争。
He didn't commit himself to anything.
他没有做任何承诺。
Some people commit crimes out of ignorance.
有些人出于无知而犯罪。
If you are serious about our relationship, you should make a commitment.
如果你对我们的关系很认真，你就应该给个承诺。
They are looking for someone with a real sense of commitment to the job.他们正在找一个对这份工作真正有责任感的人。
[拓展]
commit vt.承诺，保证；犯(罪)；花(钱或时间) vi.全身心投入；忠于
commitment n．承诺，许诺；献身，投入；花费
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①This government is committed ________ extending parental choice in education.
②I was impressed by the energy and ________ (commit) shown by the players.
③Both sides committed themselves to ________ (settle) the dispute peacefully.
④The minister ________ (commit) to promoting the development and use of public transportation.
完成句子
⑤He ________________ (承诺) to pay the rent on time.
⑥He ____________________ (致力于) the cause of modernising the country's industry.
4)make a difference有影响，有关系，有作用)
(教材原句)Every individual makes a difference.
每一个个体都能有所作为。
make a big difference to 对……有很大的影响/作用
make no difference to 对……没有影响/没有作用
make some difference to 对……有些影响/关系/作用
It makes no difference to sb. whether...or not...
是否……对某人没有影响。
Whatever you can do can make a difference.
无论你能做什么，都会有影响。
Some of the simplest things can make the biggest difference.
一些最简单的事情能有最大的影响。
Flowers make no difference to this room.
花在这个房间里不起作用。
It makes no difference to me whether he comes or not.
他是否来对我来说没什么影响。
[拓展]
tell the difference分辨，区分，区别
tell the difference between A and B
区分A和B
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①If we combine our efforts, we can make ________ difference.
②This convention makes no difference ________ the results.
③________ makes no difference to me who will show up at the meeting tomorrow.
④It makes no difference to him ________ he enters university or not.
完成句子
⑤Whatever she says will not ________________ (对……有任何影响) our arrangements.
5)make a contribution to对……做出贡献)
(教材原句)What contribution does Roots & Shoots make to society？“根与芽”对社会有什么贡献？
contribute money to the flood stricken area 向洪灾区捐款
contribute time to the activity 把时间花在活动上
contribute articles to the magazine 向杂志社投稿
Who made a great contribution to the civil rights movement in the US？谁为美国的民权运动做出了巨大的贡献？
[拓展]
contribute...to...为……贡献/捐献……
contribute to为……做出贡献；向……捐款；(＝lead to＝result in)有助于；导致
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Only in this way can we make a great ________ (contribute) to our family and our society.
②3D food printing could probably contribute ________ the solution.
③We should make a contribution ________ keeping our school clean and tidy.
④No doubt the theatre has contributed ________ the area's development and economic growth.
第三版块|典型句式
1)不定式(短语)作表语)
(教材原句)The whole purpose of...is to educate young people...……的目的是教育年轻人……
不定式、动名词都可作表语，但动名词作表语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常性的行为；不定式作表语多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。
The purpose of this project is to raise money to help poor children.这个项目的目的是筹钱帮助贫穷的孩子。
His favourite sport is swimming.
他最喜欢的运动是游泳。(泛指游泳)
Your task today is to wash the curtains.
你今天的任务是洗窗帘。(指一次具体的工作)
[注意] 当不定式作表语时，如果它前面有do, does, did，可以省略不定式符号to，也可以保留。如：
What I want to do now is (to) have a sleep.
我现在想做的就是睡一觉。
The only we can do is (to) wait for help.
我们现在唯一能做的就是等待救援。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①My duty today is ________ (watch) over the dog.
②What he likes to do best on weekends is ________ (listen) to some light music.
③To see is ________ (believe).
④My work is ________ (look after) the children.
2)it作形式宾语)
(教材原句)Hundreds and thousands of roots and shoots...and make it a better place to live in.
成千上万的根和芽……使其更加宜居。
She feels it her duty to support her family.
她觉得养家糊口是她的责任。
I found it important to learn spoken English.
我发现学习英语口语很重要。
I did consider it no use reporting the incident.
我确实认为报道这件事没有用。
I think it necessary that you study hard.
我认为你努力学习是必要的。
[拓展]
动词 ＋it ＋宾语补足语 ＋不定式
动词 ＋it ＋宾语补足语 ＋动名词
动词 ＋it ＋宾语补足语 ＋从句
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He has made it a rule ________ (get) up early.
②I find ________ really helpful to speak English loudly every day.
③I want to make it clear ________ I didn't steal his pen.
④New technologies have made ________ easier to enjoy life than ever before.
⑤I think it no use ________ (argue) with him.
3)So what？那又怎么样？(认为某事无关紧要，尤用于反驳他人的指责时))
(教材原句)You know that all those things are wrong, but so what？你知道这些都是不对的，但那又怎么样？
—He has admitted his mistake！他已经承认了错误！
—So what？那又怎样？
What/How about advertising in the local newspaper
在当地的报纸上刊登广告怎么样？
—Can I have two days off next week
下周我可以请两天假吗？
—What for？为什么？
What if it rained all through those months
如果那几个月一直下雨会怎么样呢？
—I think you owe me some money.我想你还欠我一些钱。
—How come？怎么会呢？
[拓展]
①What/How about...？……怎么样？
(用于提出建议或引出话题)
②What for？为什么？
③What if...？＝What would happen if...？如果……会怎么样呢？
④How come？怎么会呢？(表示惊讶)
[即学即练] 选词填空：so what/what for/what if/how come
①________ she doesn't win the contest again
②—They don't say a single word to each other.
—________？
③—I skipped school today.
—________？ What's so special about that
④—Can I have a day off tomorrow
—________？
完成句子
⑤I know why he was late, ________________ (但那又怎么样)
⑥________________ (要是下雨怎么办) All the windows are open.
4)虚拟条件句)
(教材原句)What would happen if everybody did the same things
如果每个人都做同样的事情会发生什么？
[句式分析] 本句是虚拟条件句，表示与现在事实相反的假设。
条件句谓语形式：过去式(be通常用were)
主句谓语形式：would/should/could/might＋动词原形
If I didn't apologize, I would feel guilty.
如果我不道歉，我会感到内疚。
If the weather were fine, we would go outing.
如果天气好的话，我们就去郊游了。(事实上天气不好)
If I'd left earlier, I'd have been on time.要是我早点儿动身，我就准时到了。(事实是“我”动身太迟了)
[拓展]
·与过去事实相反
条件句谓语形式：had done
主句谓语形式：would/should/could/might＋have done
·与将来事实相反
条件句谓语形式：should do/were to do/did
主句谓语形式：would/should/could/might＋do
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it ________ (be) the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
②They would have been here by now if they ________ (catch) the early train.
③Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she ________ (be) to live there, she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often.
(5)It wouldn't matter if...如果……也没有关系。
(教材原句)Of course, it wouldn't matter if there were just a few people in the world.
当然，如果世界上只有几个人，那就无所谓了。
[句式分析] it作形式主语，if引导的从句作真正的主语。
It doesn't matter to me who wins.
对我来说，谁胜谁败没有什么关系。
It doesn't matter (much) where Tom goes.
汤姆去哪里没有什么关系(关系不大)。
What does it matter what you do
你做什么又有什么关系呢？
It matters little even if I am not invited.
即使我不被邀请，也关系不大。
[句式归纳]
It doesn't matter if...如果……也没有关系。
It doesn't matter (to sb.) who/what/why...
(对某人来说)……不重要。
It doesn't matter. (＝No matter.)没关系。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It wouldn't matter ________ I didn't get the award.
②Will ________ matter if I'm a little late
③It doesn't matter ________ you wear, as long as you look neat and tidy.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Make sure the ladder is ________ (稳固的) and keep a balance before you start to climb.
2．After the earthquake, lots of ________ (砖块) fell on the broad street, just like red autumn leaves.
3．Most research and development projects ________ (包含) some elements of risk, in some aspects.
4．Olive trees have deep ________ (树根) beneath the earth, which supply massive nutrition.
5．We were ordered not to ________ (射击) until he gave the signal.
6．A new drug has been created by the ________ (研究院) of Cancer Research.
Ⅱ.短语填空
make a difference, suffer from, be committed to, make a(n)... contribution, have a positive effect on, set up, all around the world, take action, join in, can't be bothered to do
1．It ____________ to individuals which you choose.
2．The old scientist has ____________ massive ____________ to the space development programme.
3．Praise and appreciation sometimes ____________ a child.
4．Excuse me, may I ____________ your discussion about the contest
5．Being ill, he ____________ anything and just wants to stay in his flat.
6．I travel to unusual spots and meet interesting people from ____________．
7．The police ____________ to control the building where a scream was heard.
8．Tony ____________ a bad cold so he must take his medicine right now.
9．The composer gave his son a starting capital to ____________ a business.
10．China ____________ global and regional cooperation.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more ________ (firm) rooted.
2．Best of all, humour raises your energy, and that can have an effect ________ everything you do at school, at work, or in your personal life.
3．They decide to have more workers for the project ________ that it won't be delayed.
4．My older brother couldn't be bothered ________ (play) with me.
5．He convinced the police department to allow him to set ________ a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks.
6．Fighting, however, usually ________ (involve) personal attacks, raising of voices, and storming out.
7．When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood ________ (root) to the ground, wondering whether to stay or leave.
8．Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered ________ blindness for lack of proper treatment.
9．When they got to China, they put down ________ (root) and built a life.
10．Respect and trust provide a solid ________ (found) for friendship.
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．在这个商店里你用现金支付还是信用卡支付都没有关系。(it wouldn't matter if...)
________________________________________________________________________
2．站在树下的那个女孩是我的同桌。
________________________________________________________________________
3．这个穷苦的女孩一直靠拾海贝壳维持生计。(不定式短语作目的状语)
________________________________________________________________________
4．如果我是你的话，我会接受他的建议。
________________________________________________________________________
5．“你知道杰克不会喜欢的。”
“那又怎样？我才不在乎杰克怎么想呢。”(So what？)
________________________________________________________________________
Section B Lesson 1 Roots and Shoots
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．root 2.brick 3.gallon 4.institute 5.wag 6.shoot
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．bothered 2.firmly 3.foundation 4.involvement
5．establishment
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．懒得做某事 2.因……而遭受痛苦 3.那又怎样 4.有影响，有差别，有作用 5.自言自语 6.献身于，致力于 7.与……和平共处 8.形成坚实的基础 9.冲破砖墙的阻挡 10.全世界 11.……的一部分 12.对……做出贡献 13.对……产生负面影响 14.事实上，实际上 15.鼓励某人做某事
1．millions of 2.take action 3.set up 4.the world's best known expert on... 5.in addition to 6.hundreds and thousands of 7.wag one's tail 8.play a role in 9.make the world a better place 10.be rooted in 11.join in 12.a number of...; the number of... 13.become/be concerned about 14.deal with 15.have time for sth.
课文研析·语篇理解
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．A 2.B 3.D 4.A
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
1．from 2.harmful 3.To inspire 4.was established
5．slowly 6.foundation 7.to reach 8.what 9.to play 10.a
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．①about ②to tell ③trying/to try ④about
⑤bothered ⑥be bothered ⑦with ⑧Why bother
⑨can't be bothered to go to
2．①firms ②firmly ③must be firm with
④have been firm friends
3．①be involved ②involved ③involvement ④in
⑤travelling ⑥in ⑦seem to have involved myself in
4．①of ②at; of ③in ④at; of ⑤at
5．①shooting ②at ③at; shot ④shot; an; at ⑤shot; in
⑥across
第二版块|重要短语
1．①from ②suffering ③from ④suffers an illness
2．①in ②into ③to protect ④out ⑤action
⑥took action to search for
3．①to ②commitment ③settling ④is committed
⑤made a commitment ⑥is committed to
4．①a ②to ③It ④whether ⑤make any difference to
5．①contribution ②to ③to ④to
第三版块|典型句式
1．①to watch ②to listen ③to believe
④looking after/to look after
2．①to get ②it ③that ④it ⑤arguing
3．①What if ②How come ③So what ④What for
⑤but so what ⑥What if it rains
4．①would be ②had caught ③were
5．①if ②it ③what
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．firm 2.bricks 3.involve 4.roots 5.shoot 6.Institute
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．makes a difference 2.made a; contribution
3．have a positive effect on 4.join in
5．can't be bothered to do 6.all around the world
7．took action 8.is suffering from 9.set up
10．is committed to
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．firmly 2.on 3.so 4.to play 5.up 6.involves
7．rooted 8.from 9.roots 10.foundation
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．It wouldn't matter if you pay by cash or credit card in this store.
2．The girl standing under the tree is my deskmate.
3．The poor girl has been collecting seashells to make a living.
4．If I were you, I would accept his advice.
5．—Jack won't like it, you know.
—So what I don't care what Jack thinks.Section E Writing Workshop, Viewing Workshop & Reading Clubs 1～2
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ adj. 塑料制的 n. 塑料
2．____________ n. 居民
3．____________ n. 看法；态度
4．____________ n. 图解，示意图
5．____________ n. 蜂蜜
6．____________ n. 黄油，牛油
7．____________ n. 酸奶
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．residence n．住所→________ n．居民
2．dispose vt. & vi.处理；处置→________ adj.一次性的，用完即丢弃的
3．package vt. 包装→________ n．包装盒(瓶、袋)，包装材料
4．percent n．百分比→________ n．百分比，百分率
5．contain v．包含，容纳→________ n．容器
6．major adj.主要的；重要的→________ n．大多数
7．indicate vt.表明；显示→________ n．表明
8．annual adj.每年的→________ adv.每年；一年一度地
9．pollute vt.污染→________ n．污染物
10．flood v．淹没→________ n．水灾，洪水泛滥
11．official n．官员，高级职员 adj.公务的；官方的→________ adv.正式地；官方地；公开地
Ⅲ.合成词汇
1．air＋conditioning→________ n．空调系统
2．land＋fill→________ n．废弃物填埋场
3．clean＋burning→________ adj.清洁焚烧的
4．waste＋to＋energy→________ adj.以垃圾作为能源的
5．foot＋wear→________ n．鞋类
6．near＋surface→________ adj.近地表的
7．build＋up→________ n．增长；加强
8．over＋flow→________ vi. & vt.满是，有许多；泛滥
Ⅳ.重点短语(英汉互译)
A 写出下列短语的汉意
1．attitudes to ________________
2．take action(s) to do sth. ________________
3．reduce the use of ________________
4．as high as ________________
5．more than ________________
6．the majority of ________________
7．not as many ________________
8．take showers ________________
9．turn off ________________
10．cut back on the use of ________________
11．write an outline for ________________
12．(be) based on ________________
13．the number of ________________
14．give recommendations ________________
B 写出下列汉语所对应的英文短语
1．________________ 参加
2．________________ 削减，缩减
3．________________ 一次性包装
4．________________ 塑料蜂蜜瓶
5．________________ 黄油和酸奶容器
6．________________ 总之
7．________________ 保护；照顾
8．________________ 更多地关注……
9．________________ 消极的调查结果
10．________________ 积极的调查结果
11．________________ 太阳能
12．________________ 转变成其他形式的能源
13．________________ 把……转化成……
14．________________ 一张，一块，一片
15．________________ 把……看作……
第一版块|核心单词
1)official n．官员，高级职员 adj.公务的；官方的；正式的)
(教材原句)Last August, city officials interviewed about 500 residents to find out people's attitudes to protecting the environment and what actions they had taken.
去年8月，城市官员采访了大约500名市民，调查了解人们对环境保护的态度以及他们采取了什么行动。
The measure will mainly be carried out by government officials.这项措施主要由政府官员来执行。
He settled down again to the official mail.
他又定下心来处理那些公务邮件。
[比较] official/officer
·official多指政府官员；
·officer多指军官、警官，也可指机构的高级职员、政府的官员。
[拓展] officially adv.官方地；正式地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The President and the Secretary of State are government ________ (official).
②The title will be ________(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.
选词填空：official/officer
③The bullet hit the police ________ in the shoulder.
④An ________ of the local government called to see him.
完成句子
⑤The President wanted to ________________ (进行公务访问) to the country.
2)attitude n．看法；态度)
a(n)... attitude towards/to... 对……的……看法/态度
a good/bad attitude 好的/坏的态度
a positive/negative attitude 积极的/消极的态度
a friendly/relaxed attitude 友好的/放松的态度
have/take a positive attitude towards life
对生活有积极的态度
an attitude of mind 心态，思想方法
The teacher is angry at the poor attitudes of the students.老师对学生的恶劣态度很生气。
As you get older, your attitude towards death will change.随着年龄的增长，你对死亡的看法将会改变。
His attitude to his new job seemed to be very negative.
他对新工作的态度似乎很消极。
[语境助记]
Only when you take a positive attitude to wards the project will you enjoy the whole process.只有当你对此项目抱有积极态度时，你才能享受整个过程。
(“only＋状语从句”位于句首表示强调时，主句用部分倒装)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Only when you take a positive attitude ________ the study will you make great progress.
②There are two kinds of views. What is your attitude ________ the latter
完成句子
③She shows ______________________ (非常积极的态度) to her work.
3majority n．大多数(反：minority n．少数) major adj.较大的；主要的 n．主修科目；主修学生 ,vi.以……为专业,(教材原句)Also, the majority of residents had cycled or walked.此外，大多数居民骑自行车或步行。
The majority was/were for the proposal that the president should be directly elected.大多数人赞成直选总统的提议。
An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are against it.,达成协议似乎不可能，因为委员会的大多数成员都反对。
Surveys indicate that supporters of the treaty are still in the majority.调查显示该条约的支持者仍占多数。
She majored in maths and physics at university.,她在大学期间主修数学和物理。
Only a minority of people support these new laws.,只有少数人支持这些新法令。
Boys are very much in the minority at the dance class.,舞蹈课上男生很少。
[用法] ,·the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数形式均可。,·the majority of后可接不可数名词，也可接复数名词，谓语动词的数与of后面的名词的数保持一致。,·“the majority of＋集合名词”作主语时，谓语动词可用单数(视为整体)或复数(考虑其个体)。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空,①To my surprise, the majority of the students ________ (be) for his proposal.,②The English ________ (major) are asked to explore the roots of the language.,③He majored ________ International Politics at Harvard University.,④For example, if you look at the audience at a classical concert, the majority ________ (be) over the age of fifty.,⑤In the general population right handed people are ________ the majority.
(4)sum vt.概括，总结 n．金额；总数)
(教材原句)To sum up, it seems that almost all who took part understood the need to help take care of the environment.
总之，似乎几乎所有参与的人都明白帮助保护环境的必要性。
sum up 总结，概括
a large sum of money 一大笔钱
to sum up 总之
in sum 总之
(＝in short/in brief/in a word/all in all/in conclusion/to conclude)
We can sum up the main point of the lesson in three sentences.我们可以用三句话来概括本课要点。
To sum up, we need to concentrate on staff training.
概括地说，我们需要集中精力进行职工培训。
The sum will be increased by fifteen percent.
金额将要增加百分之十五。
In sum, the two countries are now true economic partners.总而言之，两国目前是真正的经济合作伙伴。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ (sum) up, he is a person with many outstanding qualities.
②She came into ________ large sum of money when her father died.
③The last section sums ________ all the arguments on either side.
④________ sum, theory should be combined with practice.
完成句子
⑤________________ (总之), for your health, you must take regular exercise and stop smoking.
⑥I had to spend __________________ (一大笔钱) to get it back.
5)indicate vt.表明；显示；指示；象征；暗示，预示 indication n．迹象；显示，表明)
(教材原句)This indicates that the residents needed to pay more attention to these two activities.
这表明居民需要对这两项行动给予更多的关注。
indicate sth. to sb. 向某人示意/指出某事
indicate that... 表明/显示……
indicate to sb. that... 向某人暗示……；向某人表明……
The state of his clothes indicates clearly that he has been playing football.他衣服的样子清晰地表明他一直在踢足球。
My car's gas gauge indicates that there is little gas left.
我车上的汽油量表显示剩下的油不多了。
There is every indication that the price will rise.
各种迹象表明价格将上涨。
The fuel tank indication light doesn't work anymore.
油箱指示灯坏了。
[句式] There are clear indications that...有明显的迹象显示……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The headmaster took out a map and indicated the quickest route ______ us.
②The study ________ (indicate) that our living standards have risen.
③Every ________ (indicate) shows there lives a mysterious monster in the valley.
完成句子
④He ________________ (向我暗示) we could never be good friends again.
⑤________________ (没有迹象表明) we shall have an earthquake.
6)overflow vi. & vt.满是，有许多；泛滥；过度延伸 n．漫出；溢出)
(教材原句)They believe that, although recycling waste is effective, the most effective way of solving the problem of overflowing landfills is...
他们认为，虽然回收垃圾是有效的，但解决垃圾填埋场溢出问题的最有效方法是……
overflow into 延伸到……
overflow onto 溢出流到……上
overflow with 充满……
He always fills his glass till it overflows.
他总是把杯子斟得很满。
The waste water often overflows into rivers and streams during storms.
在暴风雨期间，废水经常溢出到河流和小溪中。
His heart overflowed with joy at the good news.
听到这个好消息，他高兴得心花怒放。
There is an overflow of cheap ballpoint pens in the market.
市场上廉价的圆珠笔泛滥。
The overflow from the bath ran onto the floor.
浴缸里的水溢到了地板上。
[说明] overflow由前缀over 加flow构成，前缀over 含有“过度”之意，所以overflow有“泛滥”之意。类似的词还有：
overpopulation人口过剩 overcooked煮过头的
overweight超重的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Water from the kitchen sink overflowed ________ the floor.
②The kitchen garden was full to overflowing ________ fresh vegetables.
完成句子
③A new office block was built to accommodate ________________ (多出的员工).
选词填空：overflow/overpopulation/
overweight/overcooked
④I wonder if the parcel is ________．
⑤After a long period of rain the river may ________ its banks.
⑥Some scientists are concerned about ________ in the world.
⑦The steak is a little ________， and the vegetables are a little undercooked.
第二版块|重要短语
1)take part(in)参加)
(教材原句)More than half of those who took part in the survey had done four of the five activities in the past month.参与调查的人中，超过一半的人在过去一个月里做了五项活动中的四项。
paly a part in 在……中扮演角色；在……中起作用
How many countries took part in the last Olympic Games？有多少国家参加了上届奥运会？
Only if you take an active part in physical activities will you be able to keep fit.
你只有积极参加体育活动，才能够保持身体健康。
Climate plays a significant part in agriculture.
气候在农业中起着重要的作用。
[用法] ·take part in指参加集体性活动，重在说明参加者是其中一员并在其中发挥一定的作用。
·part前有形容词修饰时，必须加不定冠词，如take an active part in; take part in为及物短语动词，take part为不及物短语动词。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①All the students take ________ active part in physical activities.
②Officials have said lightning may have played ________ part in the accident.
③Some of us were confident and eager to take part ________ the class activity, while others were nervous and anxious.
④Everyone should play a part in ________ (protect) the earth.
2)take action to do sth.采取措施做某事)
(教材原句)Unfortunately, not as many who took part had taken action to save water and energy in their homes.不幸的是，没有那么多参加的人采取行动在家里节约用水和能源。
in action 在活动中；在运转
out of action 失去作用；停止运转
put... in action 使……行动起来；使……开始工作；使……起作用
We must take action to fight pollution.
我们必须采取行动防治污染。
[归纳拓展]
take measures to do sth.＝take steps to do sth.
采取措施做某事
We hope the school will take measures/steps to improve our lives.我们希望学校采取措施改善我们的生活。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The police are taking action ________ (deal) with the theft.
②The charity, which was founded in 1910, is still ________ action.
完成句子
③Approaching the final exam, our class will ________________ (采取措施去提高) our grades.
3)pay attention to注意，关注)
pay more attention 多多注意
pay no attention 没注意
attract/catch/draw one's attention (to) 引起某人(对……)的注意
bring... to one's attention 使某人注意……
turn one's attention to 把注意力转向
focus one's attention on 集中注意力于
keep attention 保持专注
hold one's attention 保持注意力
Please pay attention to what the teacher is saying.
请注意老师正在说的话。
But in this experiment what they're doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.
但是在这个实验中，它们所做的是更多地关注大的数而不是小的数。
The education department suggested more attention (should) be paid to the safety of the students in summer holidays.
教育部门建议应该更加注意暑期学生的安全。
[语境助记]Mr. Smith's act drew much of the public's attention.史密斯先生的行为引起了公众的广泛注意。
I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes...我原以为一个玩具能使他集中注意力大约五分钟……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The education experts suggested more attention ________ (pay) to protecting the students' eyes.
②Parents should pay more attention ________ their children's Internet problems.
完成句子
③As a student, we should ________________ (把我们的注意力集中在) study.
4)cut back on削减，缩减；(尤指为了改善健康而)少吃，少喝)
(教材原句)．.. and more than two thirds (70%) had tried to cut back on the use of disposable packaging...
……超过三分之二(70%)的人试图减少一次性包装的使用……
cut back on spending/expenses 削减开支/花销
cut back on staff 裁减员工
cut back on fatty foods 少吃高脂食物
The consumers have cut back on buying cars.
消费者们已削减了购车花销。
When my dad lost his job, we had to cut back on entertainment expenses.爸爸失业时，我们必须减少娱乐开支。
[归纳拓展]
cut down (on sth.)＝cut back (on sth.)削减，缩减；(尤指为了改善健康而)少吃，少喝
cut down on spending＝cut back on spending削减开支
cut in插嘴，打断别人说话 cut out裁剪；删去
cut down砍倒；删节；削减 cut up切碎，剁碎
cut across走近路；抄近路穿过 cut off切掉；中断；使与外界隔绝
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①They had to cut back ________ production during the power cuts.
②Don't cut ________ the tree that gives you shade.
③She always focused on what her friend was saying and seldom cut ________．
④We can gain some time if we cut ________ this field.
⑤Finally he reached a lonely island which was completely cut ________ from the outside world.
⑥We must do more to cut ________ on carbon emission.
5)be able to do能够做)
(教材原句)Sweden's waste to energy plants are able to burn more waste than the country produces.瑞典的垃圾焚烧发电厂能够燃烧的垃圾比该国产生的垃圾还要多。
ability n.能力；才能
She is able to speak three languages.她能够讲三种语言。
Students of all abilities will get together and study for two weeks.各种水平的学生将聚集在一起学习两个星期。
I am able to run very fast.我能够跑得很快。
He was able to make lots of friends when he was very young.当他年轻的时候，他能够交很多朋友。
They will be able to finish the work soon.
他们很快就能完成工作。
I wonder whether they have been able to find jobs.
我想知道他们是否(已)能够找到工作。
[归纳拓展]
一般现在时：am/is/are able to do
一般过去时：was/were able to do
一般将来时：will__be able to do
现在完成时：have/has__been able to do
[说明]was/were able to do＝managed to do＝succeeded in doing做成功了
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Looking back, I feel I wouldn't be able ________ (ride) a bike if I had lost heart.
②Being able to make small talk ________ (be) a very useful skill in relating with other people.
③The ability ________ (laugh) is actually something we are born with.
④We ________ (be) able to master all the words by next week.
一句多译
他成功地准时完成了工作。
⑤________________________________________________________________________
⑥________________________________________________________________________
⑦________________________________________________________________________
6)deal with处理；对付；涉及；和……做生意；讲述)
(教材原句)Although this is a big problem, many local communities are coming up with solutions to deal with their own waste.
尽管这是一个大问题，但许多当地社区正在想解决办法来处理自己的废物。
deal with the situation 应对这一形势
deal with pressure 应对压力
deal with the difficulty 应付困难
deal with a problem 解决问题
Ordinary soap, used correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.普通肥皂正确使用，可以有效地对付细菌。
This book deals with the ancient history of China.
这本书讲述了中国的古代史。
In many people's opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant to deal with.
许多人认为，那家公司虽小，但跟它做生意却很愉快。
[说明] deal with与do with表“处理，对待”。
I have no idea how to deal with the problem.＝I have no idea what to do with the problem.我不知道该如何处理这个问题。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She is used to ________ (deal) with all kinds of people in her job.
②I can't control what happens to me, but I can choose ________ to deal with it.
③I must leave now, because I have some business to deal ________．
④She does not know ________ to do with this situation.
完成句子
⑤I like to ________________________ (与这家公司做生意) because it is honest.
⑥This book ________________________ (讲述了一个故事) of a student trying to change the fate of his family.
7)make the best of充分利用)
(教材原句)They're also setting a great example for others about how to make the best of a bad situation.
他们也为别人树立了一个很好的榜样，告诉他们如何充分利用糟糕的情况。
make the most of 充分利用
make good use of 充分利用
make full use of 充分利用
take full advantage of 充分利用
We should make the best of this valuable opportunity.
我们应该充分利用这个宝贵的机会。
If you cannot have the best, then make the best of what you have.如果你不能拥有最好的，那就充分利用你所拥有的。
Happiness is the ability to make the most of what you have.幸福就是充分利用你所拥有的一切的能力。
You should make good use of your spare time to practice English.你应该充分利用空闲时间练习英语。
I intend to take full advantage of this trip to buy the things we need.我打算充分利用这次旅行来购买我们需要的物品。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It's my first trip abroad so I'm going to make ________ most of it.
②Good use has been made ________ your time to study English.
③The school isn't the one I really want to go to, but I suppose I'll just have to make the ________ (good) of it.
完成句子
④They tried their best ________________ (充分利用) the chance that their school offered to study hard.
8)contribute to为……做出贡献；向……捐款；促成，造成；投稿)
(教材原句)Other human activities, such as construction and the burning of waste, also contribute to air pollution.
其他人类活动，如建筑和焚烧废物，也会造成空气污染。
make a contribution/contributions to 为……做出贡献；向……捐款
All the students contribute money to the flood stricken area.所有学生向洪灾区捐款。
Alcohol contributes to many deaths a year in this country.在这个国家，酒精每年造成许多人死亡。
She contributed a number of articles to the magazine.
她给这家杂志撰写了许多文章。
[拓展] contribution n．贡献；捐款
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①3D food printing could probably contribute ________ the solution.
②Who made a great ________ (contribute) to the civil rights movement in the U．S.
完成句子
③She would try to persuade local business leaders to __________________________ (为这项事业捐款).
第三版块|典型句式
1)as... as...结构)
(教材原句)As the diagram shows, the percentage of those who felt that they needed to help protect the environment is as high as 96%.
如图所示，认为自己需要帮助保护环境的人的比例高达96%。
[句式分析] as... as...意为“像/和……一样……”，表示同级比较，两个as之间常使用形容词或副词的原级。其否定形式为not as... as...或not so... as...。
You are as tall as your father.你和你父亲一样高。
It's not as hard as I thought.这没有我想象的那么困难。
[拓展] as... as...结构还有以下几种常见形式：
表示倍数的修饰词放在第一个as前面：
Cats sleep twice as much as people.
猫睡觉的时间是人的两倍。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①外面有一个神奇的世界，它需要我们的孩子们，就像孩子们需要它一样。
There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children ________________ they need it.
②随着年龄的增长，即使我们很健康，心脏处理氧气的效率也不像以前那么高了。
As we age, even if we're healthy, the heart just isn't ________ efficient in processing oxygen ________ it used to be.
③她演奏得不如她姐姐。
She doesn't play ____________ her sister.
④参加会议的人数没有我们期望的那么多。
There weren't ________________ at the meeting ________ we had hoped.
⑤有些医生的薪水几乎是护士的两倍。
Some of the doctors are paid almost ________________ the nurses.
2)when it comes to...当涉及……时，当谈及……时)
(教材原句)In Europe, Sweden is setting a great example when it comes to recycling.
在欧洲，瑞典在回收利用方面树立了一个很好的榜样。
when it comes to＋n./pron./v. ing 当涉及……时，当说到……时
When it comes to speaking in public, no one can match him.要说公开发言的话，没人能比得上他。
[归纳拓展]
come to a conclusion得出结论 come to one's aid援助某人
come to oneself恢复知觉 come to a decision做出决定
come to an agreement达成协议 come to an end结束
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①In fact, when it comes ________ the art of war, ants have no equal.
②When it comes to ________ (adapt), it is important to understand that climate change is a process.
③When it comes to ________ (get) things done, he's useless.
3)even though/if即使(引导让步状语从句))
(教材原句)Even though the nation produces around four and a half million tonnes of household waste each year...
尽管该国每年产生约450万吨家庭垃圾……
as though/if 意为“似乎，好像”，引导表语从句或方式状语从句。
You should have a try even though you don't succeed.
即使你不成功，你也应该试一试。
It looks as if it's going to thunder.
天看起来好像要打雷。(as if引导表语从句)
[说明]
如果主句用一般将来时，则even if/though引导的让步状语从句用一般现在时表将来。
Even though it rains tomorrow, the meeting will be on schedule.
即使明天下雨，会议也要如期进行。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Even ________ I fail this time, I will try again.
②The child talked to us ________ if he were a grown up.
完成句子
③I felt that it would be a victory for us ________________________ (即使我们输了比赛).
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．A high ________ (百分比) of the female staff are part time workers.
2．Those flowers aren't real—they're made of ________ (塑料).
3．________ (蜂蜜) is sweet, sticky yellow or brown food made by bees, which is popular with the old.
4．Many people who retired from that institute are now ________ (居民) in Hainan Province.
5．As soon as they found out I was an official, their whole ________ (态度) changed and they took action quickly.
6．This is a ________ (示意图) involving the manufacturing process.
7．His job is to represent the views of the ________ (大多数).
8．The organiser will ________ (总结) briefly and then we'll ask some questions.
9．Her tone ________ (暗示) that she didn't agree with my proposal.
10．The heavy rain has led to serious __________ (水灾) in some areas.
Ⅱ.短语填空
pay attention to, end up, make the best of, apart from, even though, take responsibility for, take... part (in), to sum up, take action, contribute... to
1．____________ your limited time to study hard, and you will make your dream come true.
2．He ________ a lot of money ________ the institute.
3．____________ the colour, the dress doesn't suit me in many other aspects.
4．He tried to escape ____________ the industrial accident.
5．____________， he appreciates our contribution.
6．He didn't ____________ the teacher and hesitated to get out of the classroom.
7．____________ he is poor, she loves him faithfully.
8．He ____________ as the head of the empire.
9．We urge the youth to ____________ to protect the environment.
10．The students should ________ an active ________ the debate on global warming during class.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．I had only focused ________ the fact that it was another school project and one I wanted to get a good grade on.
2．The Bajau, ________ these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines.
3．There are three books I reread ________ (annual). The first, which I take to reading every spring, is Ernest Hemingway's A Moveable Feast.
4．It prevents people who are cut ________ from society falling victim to cheaters.
5．Studies show that friendlier communication leads ________ a happier workplace, and emoji can contribute directly ________ that positive outcome.
6．However, the ________ (major) of people are effective speakers because they train to be.
7．________ (make) the best of this close encounter (相遇), I took some pictures of the bear.
8．May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named ________ (official) by the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
9．It's hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research ________ (indicate) that the numbers have been rising for some time.
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．很明显，这个问题不会容易解决。(it作形式主语)
________________________________________________________________________
2．我们从这里步行到车站要30分钟。(It takes sb. some time to do sth.)
________________________________________________________________________
3．当提到篮球时，我们会想起姚明。(when it comes to...)
________________________________________________________________________
4．我们喜欢这个演员，他拿剑和持枪的样子同样好看。(as＋adj./adv.＋as)
________________________________________________________________________
5．因为天色已晚，我们决定找家旅馆投宿。(as引导原因状语从句)
________________________________________________________________________
Section E Writing Workshop, ViewingWorkshop & Reading Clubs 1～2
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．plastic 2.resident 3.attitude 4.diagram 5.honey
6．butter 7.yoghurt
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．resident 2.disposable 3.packaging 4.percentage
5．container 6.majority 7.indication 8.annually
9．pollutant 10.flooding 11.officially
Ⅲ.合成词汇
1．air conditioning 2.landfill 3.clean burning
4．waste to energy 5.footwear 6.near surface 7.build up
8．overflow
Ⅳ.重点短语
1．对……的态度/看法 2.采取措施/行动做某事 3.减少……的使用 4.高达…… 5.超过，多于 6.大多数…… 7.没有那么多…… 8.洗淋浴 9.关掉(灯、电源、水龙头等)
10．减少……的使用 11.为……撰写提纲 12.根据…… 13.……的数量 14.给出建议
1．take part in 2.cut back on 3.disposable packaging
4．plastic honey bottles 5.butter and yoghurt containers
6．to sum up 7.take care of 8.pay more attention to
9．negative findings 10.positive findings 11.solar energy 12.change into other forms of energy 13.turn... into... 14.a piece of 15.see... as...
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．①officials ②officially ③officer ④official
⑤make an official visit
2．①towards/to ②towards/to ③a very positive attitude
3．①are ②majors ③in ④is/are ⑤in
4．①To sum ②a ③up ④In ⑤To sum up/In sum
⑥a large sum of money
5．①to ②indicates ③indication ④indicated to me that ⑤There is no indication that
6．①onto ②with ③the overflow of staff ④overweight ⑤overflow ⑥overpopulation ⑦overcooked
第二版块|重要短语
1．①an ②a ③in ④protecting
2．①to deal ②in ③take measures/steps/action to improve
3．①(should) be paid ②to ③focus our attention on
4．①on ②down ③in ④across ⑤off ⑥back
5．①to ride ②is ③to laugh ④will be
⑤He managed to finish his work on time.
⑥He was able to finish his work on time.
⑦He succeeded in finishing his work on time.
6．①dealing ②how ③with ④what
⑤deal with the company ⑥deals with a story
7．①the ②of ③best ④to make the best of/to make good use of/to make full use of/to make the most of/to take full advantage of
8．①to ②contribution ③contribute to the cause
第三版块|典型句式
1．①as much as ②as; as ③as well as
④as many people; as ⑤twice as much as
2．①to ②adaptation ③getting
3．①though/if ②as ③even if/though we lost the game
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．percentage 2.plastic 3.Honey 4.residents 5.attitude
6．diagram 7.majority 8.sum 9.indicated 10.flooding
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．Make the best of 2.contributed; to 3.Apart from
4．taking responsibility for 5.To sum up 6.pay attention to
7．Even though 8.ended up 9.take action 10.take; part in
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．on 2.as 3.annually 4.off 5.to; to 6.majority
7．Making 8.officially 9.indicates
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．It is clear that this problem will not be easily solved.
2．It takes us thirty minutes to walk from here to the station.
3．When it comes to basketball, we will think of Yao Ming.
4．We like the actor, who is as good looking with a sword as he is with a gun.
5．As it was getting late, we decided to book into a hotel.Section F 单元语法专项(1)——动词的－ing和－ed形式
一、动词－ing形式作定语◎
1．动名词(短语)作定语
表示被修饰词的属性、作用或用途，作“供……用”讲，常置于被修饰词前，相当于介词for短语。
·a swimming pool＝a pool for swimming游泳池
·a reading room＝a room for reading阅览室
·a washing machine＝a machine for washing洗衣机
·a walking stick＝a stick for walking拐杖
2．现在分词(短语)作定语
表示被修饰词的动作或状态，被修饰词与现在分词之间是主动关系，相当于一个定语从句。
单个的现在分词作定语时，放在被修饰词前；现在分词短语作定语时，则放在被修饰词后。
·a sleeping baby＝a baby who is sleeping
正在睡觉的婴儿
·The boy standing by the window is my classmate.
＝The boy who is standing by the window is my classmate.
站在窗户旁边的那个男孩是我的同班同学。
·The girl performing on the stage has a gift for dance.
＝The girl who is performing on the stage has a gift for dance.
正在舞台上表演的那个女孩有舞蹈天赋。
【误区警示】
在下列情况下，不能用现在分词(短语)作定语，应使用定语从句：
①作定语的现在分词(短语)表示的动作与主句谓语动词表示的动作不是同时发生时，要使用定语从句。
·昨天来这儿的那位教授将给我们作讲座。
The professor coming here yesterday will give us a lecture.(×)
The professor who came here yesterday will give us a lecture.(√)
②现在分词(短语)的完成式having done一般只用来作状语，不作定语。
·被地震破坏的庙宇很快将被重建。
The temple having been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.(×)
The temple which has been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.(√)
3．过去分词、现在分词的被动式和不定式的被动式作定语的区别
过去分词作定语(done) 表示被动动作已完成 The stadium built last year is the biggest one in our city. 去年建造的体育场是我们市最大的一个。
现在分词的被动式作定语(being done) 表示被动动作正在发生 The stadium being built now will be the biggest one in our city. 现在正在建造的体育场将是我们市最大的一个。
不定式的被动式作定语(to be done) 表示被动动作将要发生 The stadium to be built next year will be the biggest one in our city. 明年要建造的体育场将是我们市最大的一个。
二、动词－ing形式作表语◎
1．动名词(短语)作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为或动作，用来说明主语的内容，与主语通常是同一概念，表语和主语常可互换位置。
·One of his weaknesses is telling lies.
＝Telling lies is one of his weaknesses.
他的缺点之一是说谎。
2．现在分词作表语，表示主语的某种性质和特征，这类分词通常可以看作形容词。
·The report is very disturbing.
这个报告令人感到非常不安。
·The book is rather boring.这本书相当枯燥。
·The sales figures are very encouraging.
销售数字非常令人鼓舞。
3．动名词(短语)与动词不定式(短语)作表语的区别
动名词(短语)作表语表示抽象的一般性的行为或动作；动词不定式(短语)作表语表示一次具体的动作或将要发生的事。
·His hobby is painting.
他的爱好是画画。(一般性的动作)
·Today what he wants to do is to paint.
今天他想要做的事是画画。(具体的动作)
·His wish is to build up his own studio.
他的愿望是成立自己的工作室。(将要发生的事)
三、动词－ing形式作宾语补足语◎
动词－ing形式作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾补之间是主动关系。它主要用于以下两类动词后作宾语补足语。
1．位于感官动词后
如see, hear, feel, smell, watch, notice, observe等。
·I saw a girl crying in the street.
我看见一个女孩正在街上哭泣。
·I heard someone knocking at the door.
我听到有人在敲门。
【学法点拨】
感官动词see, hear, watch等后，用doing作宾补时，表示宾语的动作正在进行；用do作宾补时，表示宾语动作发生的全过程或经常发生。
·I saw Linda whispering to Danny.
我看见琳达正在和丹尼窃窃私语。(表示宾语的动作正在进行)
·I saw Linda whisper to Danny.
我看见琳达和丹尼窃窃私语。(表示宾语动作发生的全过程)
2．位于使役动词后
如set, keep, have, get, leave等。
·The joke set her bursting out laughing.
那个笑话让她大笑起来。
·We shouldn't keep our lights burning in the day.
我们白天不应该开着灯。
【学法点拨】
在有些(短语)动词，如regard, describe, accept, think of, look on等之后，可由as引出动词－ing形式作宾补。
·They describe the film starring Louis as being attractive.
他们描述说那部由路易斯主演的影片很吸引人。
四、动词－ing形式作状语时的形式◎
1．动词－ing形式的一般式与完成式
一般式(doing) 表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生
完成式 (having done) 表示动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前
·Representing the student association, I went to the airport to meet the international students.
我代表学生会去机场迎接国际学生。
·Having finished his summary, he went out for a walk.完成总结后，他出去散步了。
2．动词－ing形式的主动式与被动式
动词－ing形式用主动式还是被动式主要取决于动词－ing形式和它的逻辑主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是它的逻辑主语。
·Having struggled for years, he finally won the champion.
经过多年的奋斗，他终于赢得了冠军。
·Having been shown around the lab, we were led into a hall.
参观完了实验室，我们被领进了大厅。
五、动词－ing形式作状语时的功能◎
动词－ing形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随等。
1．现在分词(短语)作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时可在前面加上when或while
·Walking down the street, I came across David.
＝When I was walking down the street, I came across David.
沿街走时，我偶然遇到了戴维。
·Having worked for two days, Steve managed to finish his report.
＝After he had worked for two days, Steve managed to finish his report.
工作了两天，史蒂夫完成了他的报告。
2．现在分词(短语)作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句
·Not knowing her address, I had better telephone her to come over.
＝Because I don't know her address, I had better telephone her to come over.
由于不知道她的地址，我还是打电话让她过来为好。
·Having spent nearly all his money, the employee couldn't afford to stay at a hotel.
＝Because he had spent nearly all his money, the employee couldn't afford to stay at a hotel.
那位雇员几乎已经花完了他所有的钱，没钱住旅馆了。
3．现在分词(短语)作条件状语，相当于一个条件状语从句
·Going straight down the road, you will find the canteen.
＝If you go straight down the road, you will find the canteen.
沿着这条路一直走，你就会找到食堂。
·Working hard, you will pass the exam.
＝If you work hard, you will pass the exam.
如果努力学习，你就会通过考试。
4．现在分词(短语)作让步状语，相当于一个让步状语从句，有时现在分词(短语)前可带有连词(词组)although, even if, even though等
·Knowing all this, I still want to see it myself.
＝Although I know all this, I still want to see it myself.尽管知道这一切，我还是想亲自看一看。
·Having tried many times, he still couldn't overcome the difficulties.
＝Though he had tried many times, he still couldn't overcome the difficulties.
尽管尝试了很多次，他仍未能克服困难。
5．现在分词(短语)作结果状语
现在分词(短语)作结果状语表示意料之中的自然而然的结果，通常放在句末，可转换成一个含有并列谓语的简单句。有时为了突出结果，现在分词前可加thus，相当于so引导的并列句或so that引导的结果状语从句。
·Mother drew the curtain for me, blocking out the light.
＝Mother drew the curtain for me and blocked out the light.
妈妈为我拉上窗帘，遮挡了光。
·Group activities were organized after class, building up children's team spirit.
＝Group activities were organized after class and built up children's team spirit.
课后组织了一些小组活动，增强了孩子们的团队精神。
【学法点拨】
不定式(短语)作结果状语时，常与only, never连用，表示一种出乎意料的结果。
·The actor intended to leave quickly, only to be surrounded by his fans.
这位演员想迅速离开，却被他的粉丝包围了。
6．现在分词(短语)作方式或伴随状语
现在分词(短语)作方式或伴随状语，说明谓语动词所表示的动作发生的方式、背景或情况。分词的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生。作伴随状语时可以转换成并列成分。
·Morris lay on the grass, feeling depressed about this whole situation.＝Morris lay on the grass and felt depressed about this whole situation.
莫里斯躺在草地上，对整个情形感到沮丧。
·He stood by the door, not daring to say a word.
＝He stood by the door and didn't dare to say a word.他站在门旁，不敢说一句话。
7．现在分词(短语)作评论性状语
有些现在分词(短语)用于句首，没有逻辑主语而独立存在，作为状语来修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点等。我们称这种状语为评论性状语或评注性状语。常见的评论性状语有：
generally speaking 一般说来
roughly speaking 大致说来
frankly speaking 坦率地说
judging from/by 由……判断
supposing...如果…… providing...如果……
considering...鉴于…… assuming...假设……
·Generally speaking, children are naturally curious.
一般说来，孩子们天生好奇。
·Considering he's only just started, he knows quite a lot about it.
鉴于他才刚刚开始，他懂得的已经不少了。
8．现在分词(短语)构成的独立主格结构
(1)名词/代词＋现在分词(短语)
有时现在分词(短语)的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致。这时，需要在现在分词之前加上一个逻辑主语(一般由名词或代词充当)，它是动作的执行者。这种结构作状语，可表示时间、条件、原因、伴随等。
·Weather permitting, I will go to buy leather shoes.
如果天气允许的话，我就去买皮鞋。
·Nobody feeling content with the advertising budget, it was cut.
没有人对这笔广告预算满意，它被削减了。
(2)there＋being结构
这种结构多放在句首，常表示原因，其中being不可省略。
·There being no bus, we had to walk home.
因为没有公共汽车了，所以我们只好步行回家。
·There being nothing to do, we played games.
没有什么事情可做，我们玩起了游戏。
六、动词的－ed形式◎
动词的－ed形式在句中可作形容词或副词，作形容词时可以作表语、定语、宾语补足语或状语。
1．作表语
(1)动词的－ed形式作表语时，说明主语所处的状态。
·He is gone.他走了。
(2)表示情感的动词的－ed形式作表语
表示情感的动词的－ed形式常见的有disappointed(失望的)，astonished(惊讶的)，excited(激动的)，interested(感兴趣的)，frightened(害怕的)，moved(感动的)，pleased(高兴的)，puzzled(不解的)，satisfied(满足的)，surprised(惊奇的)，touched(感动的)，worried(担忧的)等。这类词表示主语的状态，主语一般是人。
·I was very surprised at the news.
我听到这个消息后非常吃惊。
2．作定语
动词的－ed形式作定语表示被动与完成，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的中心词，是它动作的承受者。
(1)作定语的过去分词如果是单个词，一般放在名词的前面。
·Polluted air and water are harmful to people's health.
污染了的空气和水对人们的健康是有害的。
(2)如果是过去分词短语，要放在名词的后面，相当于一个含有被动语态的定语从句。
·The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.为英语外语教学编写的第一套教科书出版于16世纪。
(3)表示情感的动词的－ed形式作定语
·The excited football fans were singing in loud voices.
那些兴奋的足球迷在高声唱歌。
(4)已完全形容词化的动词的－ed形式作定语
有些动词的－ed形式已完全形容词化，作前置定语时，其含义与同形的作后置定语的动词的－ed形式不完全相同。
·I'm going to buy some used books tomorrow.
明天我要去买一些旧书。(旧的)
·The books used are still new now.
现在用的书还很新。(用的)
3．作宾语补足语
动词的－ed形式作宾语补足语时，它前面的宾语就是它的逻辑主语；如果主动句改为被动句，宾语补足语则变成了主语补足语。
(1)用在感官动词后作宾语补足语，这类感官动词有see, hear, feel, smell, watch, notice, observe, find等。
·He heard his name called.
他听到有人叫他的名字。
·We found the door locked.
我们发现门锁上了。
(2)用在使役、致使动词后作宾语补足语，这类使役、致使动词有get, have, leave, make, set, start, keep等。
·The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make himself heard.
那个演讲人提高了嗓门，但人们还是听不见。
(3)“have/get sth.＋动词的－ed形式作宾补”的三种含义
a．表示“让别人(为自己)做某事”。
·He's going to have his house repaired.
他要找人修房子。
b.表示“使完成某事”，可以是别人完成，也可以是自己参与完成。
·In that year he had ten thousand yuan saved.
那一年他攒了1万元。
c．表示“遭遇某事”，常指不幸之事。
·She had her house damaged in the storm.
她的房屋在暴风雨中毁坏了。
4．作状语
动词的－ed形式作状语时，用来进一步说明谓语动词的动作或状态，其逻辑主语通常应与句子的主语一致，即句子的主语就是动词的－ed形式这一动作的承受者。在意义上可表示时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、让步等，这时它相当于一个状语从句。
动词的－ed形式位置比较灵活，可以置于句首、句中或句末：用作时间、原因、条件状语时，通常位于句首；用作方式、结果、伴随状语时，通常位于句末。
·Heated(＝When it is heated), the metal expands.
金属受热要膨胀。
·Lost in thought(＝Because he was lost in thought), he almost ran into the car in front of him.
他陷入了沉思，险些撞到他前面的汽车上。
·Given another chance(＝If I am given another chance), I will do it much better.
如果再给我一次机会，我会做得更好。
·Wounded(＝Though he was wounded), the brave soldier continued to fight.
虽然受伤了，但是那个勇敢的士兵仍然继续战斗。
即学即练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ________ (range) from butterflies to chimpanzees.
2．When I was on my way to the bank this morning, I saw two women ________(argue).
3．The mysterious man was caught ________ (steal) a car.
4．The hospital has recently gained new medical equipment, ________ (allow) more patients to be treated.
5．________ (realise) that he has wasted too much time, the boy does not hesitate to stop playing video games.
6．________ (gather) around the fire, the joyous tourists danced with the local people.
7．________ (eat) at the cafeteria before, Tina didn't proceed to eat there again.
8．The decision ________ (make), what needs to be done now is to work it through.
9．It ________ (be) Sunday, many people go to the gymnasium to do physical movement.
10．The old conductor, ________ (work) abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.
11．It will undoubtedly help you get ________ (refresh)!
12．The founder stood on the bridge and watched boats ________ (pass) by.
13．They use computers to keep the complex traffic ________ (run) smoothly.
14．He said he became just as nervous as those ________ (play) instruments on stage.
15．It offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ________ (ache) legs after physical movement.
16．As an ________ (add) bonus, it's close to the main train station.
17．He was just about to perform when he felt something ________ (move) near his feet.
18．The stadium ________ (build) at present in our city is intended for the coming Youth Short Film Festival.
19．The flowers ________ (smell) sweet in the garden attract the visitors to appreciate the beauty of nature.
20．There is striking evidence ________ (show) that staring at the computer for a long time does harm to our eyes.
Ⅱ.根据汉语提示用动词－ing形式完成句子
1．Our maths teacher gave a further explanation, __________________ (使更容易) to work it out.
2．________________________ (坦率地说), the resources in the world are very limited.
3．________________________ (从外表判断), he seems to be very nervous.
4．________________________ (以前从未去过那里), I simply have no idea about the place, which everyone says is well worth a visit.
5．Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail ________________________ (等着她).
6．The park was full of people ________________________ (他们在阳光下尽情欢乐).
7．Last week, I heard from my former deskmate ________________________ (来自) the USA.
8．The room is empty except for a bookshelf ________________________ (立在一角).
9．Listening to music at home is one thing; going to hear it ________________________ (现场表演) is quite another.
10．A cook will be immediately fired if he ________________________ (被发现抽烟) in the kitchen.
Section F 单元语法专项(1)——动词的－ing和－ed形式
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．ranging 2.arguing 3.stealing 4.allowing 5.Realising
6．Gathering 7.Having eaten 8.having been made 9.being
10．having worked 11.refreshed 12.passing 13.running 14.playing 15.aching 16.added 17.moving 18.being built 19.smelling 20.showing
Ⅱ.根据汉语提示用动词－ing形式完成句子
1．making it easier 2.Frankly speaking 3.Judging from the appearance 4.Not having been there before 5.waiting for her 6.enjoying themselves in the sunshine 7.coming from 8.standing in one corner 9.being performed live 10.is found smokingSection G 单元写作——绿色生活
1．写作任务
假定你是星光中学的老师李华，环保社团的学生给你写信，就汽车带来的空气污染以及交通堵塞等问题向你咨询解决办法。请你写一封回信，主要内容包括：
(1)简要分析目前汽车带来的空气污染和交通堵塞等问题；
(2)建议改用绿色出行方式，比如骑自行车，并介绍骑自行车的益处，如节能环保、有益健康等。
参考词汇：环保的environmentally friendly；
低碳生活low carbon life
注意：(1)词数80左右；
(2)信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear fellow students，
I'll express my opinions on this issue.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
2．写作思路(一审、二定、三明确、四分段)
(1)一审：确定写作体裁和主题
体裁：应用文——书信
主题：分析汽车带来的环境问题，并倡导人们骑自行车
(2)二定：确定时态和人称
时态：以一般现在时为主(讲述现在的情况)
人称：以第一、三人称为主
(3)三明确：①表明写信目的；
②汽车带来的各种问题；
③骑自行车的益处；
④发起倡议——环保出行。
(4)四分段：结合要点分为四个段落。
3．素材整理
(1)关键词语
①currently adv.目前，当前
Currently, the hotel is under repair.
目前，这家酒店正在维修。
②improvement n．提升，改进
He had some suggestions for its improvement, but he had no chance to let them know.
他有一些改进的建议，但没机会让他们知道。
③standard n．水平，标准
The government spared no effort to improve people's living standards.
政府不遗余力地提高人们的生活水平。
④transport n．交通运输系统，运输方式
London's transport infrastructure faces great pressure in coping with the extra traffic from the Olympic Games.
伦敦的交通基础设施在应对奥运会所带来的额外交通量方面面临着巨大压力。
⑤traffic jam交通堵塞
It takes me 40 minutes to get there in a traffic jam.交通堵塞的时候，到那儿要花费我40分钟。
⑥dramatically adv.急剧地；显著地
The housing price has increased dramatically.
房价已大幅上涨了。
⑦solution n．解决措施
I put forward a solution which has aroused their great interest.
我提出了一个解决措施，引起了他们极大的兴趣。
⑧build up建立；逐步增强
We need to build up mutual trust.
我们需要逐步增强彼此间的信任。
(2)完成句子
①现在，随着人们生活水平的提高，汽车已经成了一种受欢迎的交通工具，给我们的生活带来了极大的便利。
________， with the ________ of people's living ________， cars have become a popular means of ________， bringing great ________ to our lives.
②但是，它们(汽车)也引起了一些问题，比如空气污染和交通堵塞，这些问题在一些大城市中尤其明显，严重影响了人们的生活。
However, they have also caused some problems such as air ________ and ________ jams, especially in some big cities, which have ________________ people's lives.
③就我而言，骑自行车是一种很好的解决办法。
________________________________， riding bicycles is a good ________．
④一方面，自行车很环保，因为它们不排放废气。
________________， bicycles are environmentally friendly because they don't ________________ exhaust fumes.
⑤另一方面，骑自行车给我们提供了一种很好的锻炼方式，对我们的健康有益。
________________， riding bicycles provides us with a good way to exercise and is beneficial to our health.
⑥因此，咱们用骑自行车的方式，为建立一个低碳城市担负起我们的责任吧。
________， let's take ________________________ a low carbon city by riding bicycles.
4．整理成文
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．写作练习
假设你是学生会主席李华，请你围绕“建设和谐社会”的主题，根据下面所给出的要点提示，用英语给全校学生写一封倡议书。要点提示：
(1)人与社会(祖国、家乡、学校，热爱关心)；
(2)人与人(家人、师长、同学，诚信互助)；
(3)人与自然(能源、环境，爱惜保护)。
注意：(1)词数80左右，倡议书的开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
(2)内容可适当发挥，注意行文连贯。
Dear fellow students，
Our government is aiming to build a harmonious society. I think it is every citizen's duty to work hard to achieve this goal.
As high school students, what should we do？___________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Let's start to fight now and spare no effort to do a little bit every day, every hour, and every minute!
Student Union
Section G 单元写作——绿色生活
3．素材整理
(2)①Currently; improvement; standards; transport; convenience ②pollution; traffic; dramatically influenced ③As far as I am concerned; solution ④For one thing; give off ⑤For another
⑥Therefore; responsibility for building up
4．整理成文
参考范文：Dear fellow students，
I'll express my opinions on this issue.
Currently, with the improvement of people's living standards, cars have become a popular means of transport, bringing great convenience to our lives. However, they have also caused some problems such as air pollution and traffic jams, especially in some big cities, which have dramatically influenced people's lives.
As far as I am concerned, riding bicycles is a good solution. For one thing, bicycles are environmentally friendly because they don't give off exhaust fumes. For another, riding bicycles provides us with a good way to exercise and is beneficial to our health.
Therefore, let's take responsibility for building up a low carbon city by riding bicycles.
Yours，
Li Hua
5．写作练习
参考范文：
Dear fellow students，
Our government is aiming to build a harmonious society. I think it is every citizen's duty to work hard to achieve this goal.
As high school students, what should we do Firstly, we must build a harmonious relationship between people and society. We should love and care about the society, including our homeland, hometown and school. Secondly, we must build a harmonious interpersonal relationship. Everyone should be honest and helpful to his family, teachers and classmates. Thirdly, we must build a harmonious relationship between mankind and nature. Everyone should cherish and protect nature, including energy sources and the environment.
Let's start to fight now and spare no effort to do a little bit every day, every hour, and every minute!
Student UnionSection C Lesson 2 Greening the Desert
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ n. 盈利，利润
2．____________ n. 联合会
3．____________ n. 比率，率
4．____________ n. 县
5．____________ vt. 克服(困难)；控制(感情)
6．____________ adj. 以前的，从前的
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．post vt.张贴→________ n．海报
2．found vt.创建，创办→________ n．创办人，创始者
3．organise vt. & vi.组织→________ n．组织者，安排者
4．content vt.使满足，使满意→________ adj.满意的；满足的
5．agriculture n．农业→________ adj.农业的
6．propose vt. & vi.建议，提议→________ n．建议，提议
7．survive vt. & vi.继续生存→________ n．继续生存，幸存
8．determine vt. & vi.(使)下决心，(使)作出决定→________ n．决心；毅力
9．current adj.当前的，现时的→________ adv.现时；目前；当前
10．ordinary adj.普通的；平常的→________ adv.普通地；平常地
11．occur vi.发生→________ n．发生，事件→________ vi.再发生→________ n．再发生
12．quote n．引文，引用(的话) vt.引用；引证；用引号把……括起来；把……放于引号内→________ n．引用，引用句
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
A 写出下列短语的汉意
1．the Student Union ________________
2．turn deserts/dry farmland into forest________________
3．help to stop droughts ________________
4．make one's dream come true ________________
5．a survival rate ________________
B 写出下列汉语所对应的英文短语
1．________________ 坚定地
2．________________ 调整(情绪)
3．________________ 以前与现在的情况
4．________________ 所谓的普通人
5．________________ 有机会做某事
第一版块|核心单词
1)profit n．盈利，利润；收益 v．得益；获利；有益于)
(教材原句)A Non Profit Organisation I Admire
一个我敬佩的非营利组织
make/earn a profit 赚取利润
at a profit 获利；赚钱
the net profit 净利润；净收益
a big/huge profit 巨额利润
a healthy/handsome/tidy profit 一大笔利润
a good profit 可观的利润
a small/modest profit 微薄的利润
The firm, which employs some 65 people, has not made a profit to date.该公司雇员约65人，截至目前仍未获利。
I want to know the net profit.我想知道净收益。
We buy them cheaply and then flog them off at a profit.
我们低价买下它们，然后卖出获利。
Taking these courses profited him.
选修这些课程对他有好处。
You will be profited if you follow my advice.
如果照我的建议去做，你会受益的。
[拓展] profitable adj.有益的；有利可图的
non profit adj.非营利的
Betty believed yoga was a very profitable exercise.
贝蒂认为瑜伽是一项非常有益的锻炼。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We are in business to make ________ profit.
②She will never be a professional musician, but I'm sure that she has profited ________ her lessons.
③The mechanic fixed up the old car and sold it ________ a profit.
④He studied the German market to find the potential there for ________ (profit) investment.
完成句子
⑤Due to the recent economic crisis, investors suffer ____________________ (收益大减).
⑥It is wrong to assume arts groups cannot __________________________ (赚取利润).
2)contented adj.满意的；满足的 content v．(使)满足；(使)满意 n．内容；目录；含量 adj.满足的；满意的)
(教材原句) Ms Yi had a contented life until a terrible event occurred which changed her life.易女士过着满足的生活，直到一件可怕的事情发生，这件事改变了她的生活。
be/feel contented 感到满意的
content sb./oneself with sth. 使某人/自己对某事满意
be/feel content with (＝be/feel satisfied with) 对……感到满意
be content to do sth. (＝be willing to do sth.) 愿意做某事
Whenever he returns to this place, he is happy and contented.无论什么时候回到这里，他都是既高兴又满足。
John contented himself with two glasses of beer even though he could have had more.即使约翰本来能够多喝几杯啤酒，但他喝了两杯就感到满足了。
I am content to admire the mountains from below.
我愿意从山脚下赏山。
[比较] contented/content
二者均可表示“满足的，满意的”，其区别是：
·contented指安于现状已无他求，有“知足”的意味，可用作表语或定语。
Tom was a lazy boy. He just passed the exam and was contented with the marks he got.汤姆是个懒家伙，他勉强通过了考试，就对他得到的分数感到满足了。
·content表示“甘心的，甘愿的”，多用作表语，后面还可接不定式。
Many men are content with this routine life.
很多人满足于这种有规律的生活。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①You will have to content yourself ________ what you have.
② She is happy to see her daughter lead a fulfilling and ________ (content) life.
③ She dropped her suitcase and the ________ (content) fell out on the floor.
④After a while she seemed content ________ (leave) her husband over at the cemetery (墓地).
选词填空：contented/content
⑤He has a ________ smile.
⑥He was quite ________ to do so.
完成句子
⑦As the TV is broken, you'll have to ______________________ (使自己满足于) the radio.
3)occur vi.发生；存在；出现；想到)
Sth. occurs/occurred to sb. (观念或想法)被某人想到。
It occurs/occurred to sb. that... 某人想到……
It occurs/occurred to sb. to do sth. 某人想到做某事。
(It是形式主语，that从句或不定式是真正的主语)
I was only two years old when the accident occurred.
事故发生时我才两岁。
I hope no accident has occurred to him.
我希望他没出什么事。
It occurred to me that I had left the door unlocked.
我忽然想起来忘了锁门。
Didn't it occur to you to phone them about it
关于这件事你难道就没想到给他们打个电话？
[拓展] occurrence n．发生；事件；出现
Complaints seemed to be an everyday occurrence.
投诉似乎成了日常的事。
It is more a made up story than a real occurrence.
那(更像)是杜撰的故事，而不是真实的事情。
[说明] (1)表示“发生”的动词(词组)occur, happen, take place, break out等都是不及物动词(词组)，都不能用于被动语态。
(2)以下动词的过去式、过去分词及现在分词都要双写r：
occur—occurred—occurred—occurring，prefer—preferred—preferred—preferring，refer—referred—referred—referring，infer—inferred—inferred—inferring
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
① His name did not occur ________ my memory.
② The explosion ________ (occur) during an exercise near the town.
③It never occurred ________ me that I had seen her before somewhere.
④But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the ________ (occur) of anger.
⑤________occurred to her that she might adopt a homeless child.
⑥It seldom occurred to them ________ (wander) a bit, to take a moment to see what's around them.
完成句子
⑦____________________ (我想到了一个好主意) that we could advertise our agriculture products on the Internet.
＝____________________ that we could advertise our agriculture products on the Internet.
4)proposal n．建议，提议 propose vt.提议；打算；计划)
(教材原句)The local government agreed with her proposal to plant one million trees in the region over ten years.当地政府同意了她在十年的时间里在该地区种植一百万棵树的建议。
make a proposal 提建议
put forward a proposal 提出建议
come up with a proposal 提出建议
approve/accept a proposal 批准/接受提议
support/reject a proposal 支持/否决提议
propose (doing) sth. 提议(做)某事
propose doing sth. 打算做某事
propose to do sth. 打算做某事
Various proposals were put forward by the employees for increasing sales.员工们提出了各种提高销售额的建议。
The manager made a proposal for uniting the two companies.
经理提出了将两家公司联合起来的建议。
It was proposed to build a dam on the upper reach of the river.有人建议在河流的上游修建一座水坝。
[说明] proposal意为“建议”，后跟同位语从句或表语从句，或propose后跟宾语从句时，从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“(should＋)动词原形”。
My proposal is that we (should) send a few comrades to help the other groups.
我的建议是我们(应该)派几个同志去帮其他小组。
The teachers proposed that they (should) all go to the Museum of Natural History.
教师们建议他们(应该)都去参观自然历史博物馆。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①They proposed ________ (make) arrangements beforehand.
②The teacher may require a second ________ (propose) if the first is off topic or unclear.
③In his speech he proposed that the UN ________ (set) up an emergency centre for the environment.
④They proposed ________ (form) a group to investigate the case.
⑤The proposal that we ________ (send) another satellite into space is to be discussed at the meeting.
⑥Tom proposed ________ (delay) our decision until the next meeting.
完成句子
⑦They ________________________ (提出建议) for a joint research project.
⑧____________________ (提案得到批准) by the committee.
5)slim adj.微小的；苗条的；薄的 v．减肥；缩减)
stay/keep slim 保持苗条
slim down 消瘦；精简(机构)；裁减(人员)
There's a slim chance that...
有很小的机会……
There's still a slim chance that he may become president.
他成为总统的可能性仍然很小。
If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I
如果他能吃得多还能保持苗条身材，为什么我不能？
Many firms have had little choice but to slim down.
许多公司除了裁员已经没有多少选择了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The industry may have to slim ________ even further.
完成句子
②______________________ (为了保持苗条), she only eats one meal a day.
③She has only ____________________________ (很渺茫的希望) of passing the exam.
6)survival n．继续生存，幸存)
the struggle/battle/fight for survival
为生存而拼搏/战斗/斗争
the survival of the fittest 适者生存
survival skills 生存技能
survive on 靠……活下来；靠……生存
survive sb. by 3 years 比某人多活三年
Now the trees have a survival rate of 85%.
现在这些树有85%的存活率。
The operation was his only hope of survival.
那次手术是他生存的唯一希望。
We support their struggle for survival.
我们支持他们为生存而进行的斗争。
She was the only one to survive the car crash.
她是那次汽车撞车事故的唯一幸存者。
The old lady has survived all her children.
那位老妇人的子女都先她而去了。
There was only one survivor from the plane crash.
那次飞机失事中只有一个幸存者。
[拓展] survive vt.幸免于难；艰难度过；比……活得长 vi.存活；继续存在
survivor n．幸存者，生还者
[说明] v.＋ al→n.
survive v．→survival n．生存
arrive v．→arrival n．到达
refuse v．→refusal n．拒绝
approve v．→approval n．支持
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①This soldier was the sole ________ (survive) of the battle.
②If cancers are spotted early，there's a high chance of ________ (survive).
③Of the six people injured in the crash, only two ________ (survive).
④Whales are the largest animals ever ________ (survive) on earth.
⑤After he ________ (survive) the earthquake, the old man became one of the few ________ (survive) of the family and his ________ (survive) made his old friends very happy.
⑥Receiving the ________ (approve) from the parliament, the president decided to carry out the economic reform.
7)rate n．比率，率；速度，进度 v．认为；估价；定等级)
the birth/death rate 出生/死亡率
at this rate 照此情形；如此下去
at any rate 无论如何，不管怎样；
至少；反正；总而言之
at a steady rate 以平稳的速度
at an alarming rate 以惊人的速度
a high/low/rising rate of... 高/低/不断增长的……率
at an average rate of 以……的平均速度
rate...as... 认为……是……
At this rate we won't be able to afford a holiday.
照这样下去，我们就没有钱去度假了。
He will get some valuable experience, at any rate.
无论如何他会得到些宝贵的经验。
We rate him as one of the best.
我们认为他是最优秀者之一。
The novel was rated as a brilliant performance.
这部小说被认为是一部出色的作品。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Most people walk ________ an average rate of 5 kilometres an hour.
②He ________ (rate) as one of the richest men in Texas.
③I would rate this wine ________ the finest I have ever tasted.
④New diet books appear ________ a rate of nearly one a week.
完成句子
⑤In the north of India, the population is booming ______________________ (由于出生率高).
⑥The disease has spread ________________________ (以惊人的速度).
8)overcome vt.克服(困难)；控制(感情)；战胜)
(教材原句)I have complete respect for her and admire her strength in overcoming such a great personal loss.
我完全尊重她，也敬佩她有克服如此巨大的个人损失的力量。
overcome bad habits 改掉恶习
overcome difficulties/fear/obstacles/disadvantages
克服困难/恐惧/障碍/不利条件
be overcome by 被……克服/控制/战胜
be overcome with emotion/excitement/horror/grief
因情感/兴奋/恐惧/悲伤而不能自持
You cannot overcome them without enough motivation.
如果没有足够的动力，你就无法克服它们。
There will be no difficulty in the world that they cannot overcome.世界上没有他们克服不了的困难。
The fire was completely overcome by daybreak.
天亮时，火势被完全控制住了。
I realised that there is no way I can overcome it.
我意识到自己没有办法战胜它。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Overcome ________ emotion, he pressed her hand and left her.
②Once this difficulty ________ (overcome), other problems will be easy to solve.
③Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges ________ (overcome).
④Sue was overcome ________ surprise when Peter walked in.
完成句子
⑤Were it not for the support of the teachers, the student ______________________ (不可能克服她的困难).
9)determination n．决心；毅力；决定)
(教材原句)She has made a huge difference with her determination to make her son's dreams a reality.
她已经下定决心做出巨大的改变以使她儿子的梦想成为现实。
the determination to do sth. 做某事的决心
with determination 坚决地
determine to do sth. 决定做某事
determine sb. to do sth. 使某人下定决心做某事
determine on/upon 决定
determine sth./that/wh ... 决定/确定……
be determined to do sth. 决心做某事
be determined that... 决定/确定……
The police chief spoke of his determination to catch the killers.警长谈到他要抓住凶手的决心。
The determination of a name for the club took a very long time.决定俱乐部的名称花了很长的时间。
[拓展] determine v．决定；确定；测定→determined adj.坚决的；有决心的；确定的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He now has the ________ (determine) to push further and keep on going.
②We are determined ________ (defend) our motherland at all costs.
③Her encouragement determined me ________ (carry) on with the work.
④He was determined ________ no one knew anything about it.
⑤The boundaries ________ (determine) by the mountains and rivers.
完成句子
⑥We __________________ (下定决心) this should never be allowed to happen again.
10)former adj.以前的，从前的；前者的 n．前者)
(教材原句)Can you say something about the former and the current conditions in the desert
你能说一说有关沙漠以前和现在的情况吗？
I paid a visit to my former English teacher.
我拜访了我以前的英语老师。
Of these two men, the former is dead but the latter is still alive.这两个人中，前者已经死了，而后者仍然活着。
[归纳拓展] latter adj.以后的；较晚时候的 n．后者
固定表达：the former...the latter...(两者中的)前者……后者……
Tears and sweat are similar, but the former is only in exchange for the sympathy, while the latter can win success for you.泪水和汗水很相似，但前者只能换来同情，而后者能为你赢得成功。
[说明] (1)the former/the latter作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于它指代的事物。
(2)former作形容词时只作定语；former作名词时常与定冠词the连用。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The city has a concert hall and two theatres. The former ________ (be) built in the 1950s.
②The family rented a ________ (form) church in downtown Portland and scheduled a concert.
完成句子
③Many of ____________________ (他以前的支持者) voted against him.
④I have two good friends, Mary and Lily. ________ (前者) is good at dancing; ________ (后者) can speak Danish fluently.
11)ordinary adj.普通的；平常的；平淡的 ordinarily adv.通常；一般地)
(教材原句)Yi has shown that so called “ordinary people” can do amazing things.
易(解放)已经证明了所谓的“普通人”也能做出惊人的事情。
ordinary people/clothes 普通人/衣服
in the ordinary way 一般，通常
out of the ordinary 不寻常，出乎意料
An ordinary cold can soon lead to a fever.
一场普通的感冒很快便会引起发烧。
He can make ordinary things sound interesting.
他能把平常的事说得很有趣。
This room was ordinarily used by the doctor.
这个房间通常是医生用的。
Temperature ordinarily decreases with the increase of the altitude.温度一般随海拔增加而降低。
[比较] ordinary/common/usual/normal
·ordinary指普通，无奇特之处；
·common指常见，不足为奇；common sense常识；
common practice惯例；
·usual指惯常：as usual照例；照常；像往常一样
·normal指正常：lead a normal life过正常的生活。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I'm looking for something a little more out of ________ ordinary.
选词填空：ordinary/common/usual/normal
②Jackson is a ________ English name.
③Although he is getting along in years, he can work hard as ________．
④The novelist's latest book is quite ________．
⑤It was several days before the floodwater sank and life returned to ________．
完成句子
⑥The boy's knowledge was ____________________________ (非比寻常).
⑦One evening, I got off the bus halfway home where I had to change buses, and ______________________ (和往常一样) I ran into something.
第二版块|重要短语
1)make one's dream come true (使)某人梦想成真)
(教材原句)So Yi Jiefang decided to make her son's dream come true, and NPO Greenlife was born.于是，易解放决定使儿子梦想成真，非营利组织“绿色生命”应运而生。
dream of/about 梦想；梦到
a dream of... ……的梦想
realise/fulfil a dream 圆梦；实现梦想
beyond one's dreams 做梦也想不到
(go/work) like a dream 好极了；非常顺利；非常有效
be a dream 很完美；非常理想
have a dream 做梦
This story tells of two sporting heroes who made their dream come true.
这个故事讲述了两位体育英雄实现自己梦想的故事。
[即学即练] 一句多译
他的梦想已经实现了。
①________________________________________________________________________
②________________________________________________________________________
③________________________________________________________________________
④________________________________________________________________________
⑤________________________________________________________________________
完成句子
⑥The result of the competition is __________________ (我们做梦也想不到).
⑦Instead of feeling bitter about the unfair world, he tried his best to ________________________ (实现他的梦想).
2)prevent sb. from doing sth.(from可以省略，后面接doing或being done作宾语)阻止某人做某事)
(教材原句)Although there seemed only a slim chance that the trees could survive, the difficulty did not prevent her from trying.虽然这些树存活的可能性似乎很微小，但困难并没有阻止她尝试一下。
If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown.如果你喜欢，在香蕉上挤一点新鲜的柠檬汁可以防止香蕉变成褐色。
[归纳拓展] (1)“保护某人不受……(伤害)”的表达法：
protect sb. from/against sth.
defend sb. from sth.
(2)“阻止某人做某事”的表达法：
prevent sb. (from) doing sth.
stop sb. (from) doing sth.
keep sb. from doing sth.
(keep...from doing sth.中的from不能省略，因为如果省略，意思会发生变化：keep...doing sth.使……一直做某事。在被动语态中，keep/stop/prevent...from doing结构中的from都不能省略。)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The heavy rain prevented the early bus from ________ (arrive) on time.
②Some government departments must take effective measures to prevent our environment from ________ (pollute) further.
③Hearing the words, he couldn't keep himself ________ laughing.
④We set up a wildlife reserve to protect animals from ________ (hunt).
⑤The processes take place to stop our brains ________ (become) loaded with memories.
3)work through调整(情绪)；(使)逐渐通过，穿过；完成；解决)
(教材原句)How did Ms Yi Jiefang work through her sadness after her son's death？易解放女士在儿子去世后是如何从悲伤的情绪中调整过来的？
work through your grief 调整悲伤的情绪
work through problems 解决难题
Life is full of concerns, but you should work through them.生活充满了忧虑，但你应该努力排解这些忧虑。
Instead, it's a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.
相反，这是一种健康的方式，来利用这段经历为积极的成长和宽恕留出空间。
[归纳拓展] “动词＋through”结构的短语：
go through 检查；浏览；通过，穿过；经历，遭受
get through 通过；到达；完成；用完；接通电话
live through 度过；经受住
look through 看穿；审核；浏览
read through 读完；通读
The hardy plant lived through the cold winter.
耐寒的植物经受住了严冬的考验。
Peter starts looking through the email as soon as the door shuts.
门一关上，彼得就开始查看电子邮件。
[即学即练] 写出句中work through的含义
①But talking about a problem probably helps her work through it.____________
②We must work through the difficulties until we find an answer.____________
③To work through these emotions, you first write all of your emotions down.____________
选词填空：work/go/read/look
④________ through the peephole to see who it is before you open the door.
⑤She ________ through pages and pages of the book I had brought for her.
⑥When Arafat came to see me I tried to ________ through the next steps with him.
⑦He's amazingly cheerful considering all he's had to ________ through.
4)stand for表示，代表；主张，支持，拥护；容忍，忍受)
stand against 反对
stand by 袖手旁观；支持(某人)；信守(诺言)；遵守(协议)
stand up for 支持；维护
stand out 显眼；出色
What does WTO stand for
WTO表示什么？
We stand for religious freedom.我们主张宗教信仰自由。
I can't stand for your rudeness.我忍受不了你的粗鲁。
[提示] stand for作“容忍”讲时，常和否定词连用，表示“不能容忍”。for可以省略。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①There is no doubt that “gym” stands ________ “gymnasium”．
②Don't lose heart; all your friends will stand ________ you.
③I think the people in this country will stand up ________ what is right.
④She's the sort of person who stands ________ in a crowd.
完成句子
⑤中国结代表着友谊、爱和好运。
Chinese knots ____________________ friendship, love and good luck.
第三版块|典型句式
there seems/is a chance that...(似乎)有机会……)
(教材原句)Although there seemed only a slim chance that the trees could survive, the difficulty did not prevent her from trying.尽管这些树存活的机会似乎很渺茫，但困难并没有阻止她去尝试。
[句式分析]
(that引导同位语从句，对a chance进行解释说明)
The chance is that he has paid off his debt.
＝Chances are that he has paid off his debt.
＝There is a chance that he has paid off his debt.
他可能已经偿清债务了。
[相关短语]
by chance (＝by accident) 偶然地，意外地
give sb. a chance 给某人一次机会
a chance to do sth. 做某事的机会
a chance of doing sth. 做某事的可能性
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①There is a good chance ________ we will win the game tomorrow.
②Chances are ________ Jim didn't realise he was disturbing you, so he probably didn't notice your annoyance.
③I never got the chance ________ (thank) him for his help.
④She has only a slim chance ________ passing the exam.
⑤It also gives people a chance ________ (see) what the new home looks like.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He ________ (克服) his difficulties to graduate with a first class degree.
2．Up to five million people a year visit the ________ (县).
3．Of the two suggestions, they prefer the ________ (前者).
4．There are several reasons for the ________ (当前的) political situation with a hard atmosphere.
5．His father is an ________ (普通的) worker, who works hard.
6．Most of the population in this area are currently employed in ________ (农业) and fishing.
7．The disease has spread at an alarming ________ (比率).
8．Wages of officials varied in different ________ (地区), according to a professional survey.
9．Most ballet dancers are extremely ________ (苗条的) and artistic.
10．I gave the letter to the local press and they ________ (引用) a few lines from it.
11．As is mentioned in the documentary, Li Dazhao was one of the original ________ (创始者) of the Communist Party of China.
12．All the ________ (利润) from the sales of the CD will go to the classical concert.
13．I have seen the ________ (海报) for the jazz festival in Monterey.
14．The grave was marked by a simple ________ (墓碑).
15．Police said the accident caused by burning rubbish________ (发生) at about 4：30 pm.
Ⅱ.短语填空
prevent...from..., make sb.'s dream come true, stand for, bring...to an end, work through, join in
1．The letters ERM ____________ Exchange Rate Mechanism all around the world.
2．The owner taking charge of the firm ____________ by law ____________ making any major changes.
3．The General Secretary of the UN is wondering how he can ______________ the global dispute (纷争) ____________．
4．She ____________ of becoming an actress __________ and performed a lot in front of viewers.
5．It's a complex situation but we'll ____________ it.
6．She invited us to ____________ a discussion about global warming.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．You will surely need ________ (overcome) some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned.
2．As a special education teacher at the school, I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong ________ (determine).
3．These developments are likely to make our ________ (currency) problems with robocalls much worse.
4．Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, ________ (determine) to test my own theory on this.
5．It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not “be overly concerned about ‘bad’ tables，” given that they're ________ (profit).
6．We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that ________ (occur) billions of years ago.
7．Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars, early ________ (agriculture) societies also connected time to natural phenomena.
8．Submit a topic ________ (propose) to your history teacher.
9．The individual ________ (survive) rate of patients with this form of cancer is low.
10．Seeing the clown covered a mask on his face, the baby gurgled (发出咯咯声) with a ________ (content) smile.
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．我不知如何才能让他们停止争论。(bring...to an end)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．他的努力使他横渡太平洋的梦想得以实现。(make sb.'s dream come true)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．总有可能会出现问题。(there seems/is a chance that...)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．要是我当初努力学习的话，我就能有机会通过考试了。(there seems/is a chance that...)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．约翰背部受了伤，这可能使他参加不了明天的比赛。(prevent...from doing...)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Section C Lesson 2 Greening the Desert
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．profit 2.union 3.rate 4.county 5.overcome 6.former
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．poster 2.founder 3.organiser 4.contented
5．agricultural 6.proposal 7.survival 8.determination
9．currently 10.ordinarily 11.occurrence; reoccur; reoccurrence
12．quotation
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．学生会 2.把沙漠/旱地变为森林 3.帮助阻止干旱
4．(使)某人梦想成真 5.生存率/存活率
1．with one's determination
2．work through
3．the former and the current conditions
4．so called “ordinary people”
5．have a chance to do sth.
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．①a ②from ③at ④profitable ⑤a huge drop in profits
⑥make a profit
2．①with ②contented ③contents ④to leave
⑤contented ⑥content ⑦content yourself with
3．①to ②occurred ③to ④occurrence ⑤It ⑥to wander
⑦A good idea occurred to me; It occurred to me
4．①making/to make ②proposal ③(should) set
④forming/to form ⑤(should) send ⑥delaying
⑦put forward a proposal ⑧The proposal was approved
5．①down ②In order to keep/stay slim ③a slim chance
6．①survivor ②survival ③survived ④survived
⑤survived; survivors; survival ⑥approval
7．①at ②was rated ③as ④at
⑤due to high birth rates
⑥at an alarming rate
8．①with ②is overcome ③to overcome ④by
⑤could not overcome her difficulty
9．①determination ②to defend ③to carry
④that ⑤are determined
⑥were determined that/determined that
10．①was ②former ③his former supporters
④The former; the latter
11．①the ②common ③usual ④ordinary ⑤normal
⑥out of the ordinary ⑦as usual
第二版块|重要短语
1．①His dream has come true. ②His dream has become a reality.
③His dream has been realised. ④He has realised his dream.
⑤He has made his dream a reality. ⑥beyond our dreams
⑦realise/fulfil his dream
2．①arriving ②being polluted ③from ④being hunted
⑤becoming
3．①完成 ②解决 ③调整(情绪) ④Look ⑤read
⑥work ⑦go
4．①for ②by ③for ④out ⑤stand for
第三版块|典型句式
①that ②that ③to thank ④of ⑤to see
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．overcame 2.county 3.former 4.current 5.ordinary 6.agriculture 7.rate 8.regions 9.slim 10.quoted
11．founders 12.profits 13.poster 14.headstone 15.occurred
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．stand for 2.is prevented; from 3.bring; to an end
4．made her dream; come true 5.work through 6.join in
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．to overcome 2.determination 3.current 4.determined 5.profitable 6.occurred 7.agricultural 8.proposal
9．survival 10.contented
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．I don't know how I can bring their dispute to an end.
2．His efforts made his dream of sailing across the Pacific Ocean come true.
3．There seems/is always a chance that something will go wrong.
4．There seemed/was a chance that I could pass the exam if I had worked hard.
5．John has a back injury that may prevent him from playing in tomorrow's game.单元语法专项(2)——构词法之转化法
将一个单词由某种词类转化为另一种或几种词类，这种构词方法被称作转化法。单词转化后的意义往往与转化前的词义紧密相关。
一、动词转化为名词◎
通常，动词转化为名词时意义变化不大，多表示与动作本身相关的事物，很容易猜测出词义。
·I like to have a walk in the evening.
我喜欢晚上散步。
·That is a man of average build.
那是一个中等身材的男人。
·Let's have a swim.咱们去游泳吧。
·Can I have a drink？给我来一杯饮料好吗？
·She had a worried look on her face.
她一脸担忧的样子。
【特别提醒】
由动词转化而来的名词常与give, have, make, take, go等动词搭配来表示一个动作。
give a kick踢了一脚 take a rest休息
take a bath洗澡 go for a swim去游泳
have a drink喝一杯 have a bet打赌
二、名词转化为动词◎
很多表示物体、身体部位、某一类人或动物的名词可用作动词。这些由名词转化而来的动词常常表示具有该名词特征的动作，精练而又生动。
1．表示物体的名词转化为动词
book n．书→v.预订
water n．水→v.给……浇水
mail n．邮件→v.邮寄
ship n．船→v.运送
house n．房屋→v.提供住处
brush n．刷子→v.(用刷子)刷
·I have booked a ticket for the concert.
我已预订了一张音乐会的票。
·Will you water my flowers while I'm away
我不在时你可以给我的花浇水吗？
2．表示身体部位的名词转化为动词
hand n．手→v.递
face n．脸→v.面对
eye n．眼睛→v.注视
shoulder n．肩膀→v.扛
head n．头→v.朝(某方向)前进
back n．背部→v.支持
·She turned and faced him.
她转过身来面对着他。
·Her parents backed her in her choice of career.
她父母支持她的职业选择。
3．表示某一类人的名词转化为动词
nurse n．护士→v.护理
host n．主人→v.主办
fool n．傻瓜→v.愚弄
mother n．母亲→v.像母亲般照管
pioneer n．先驱→v.做先锋
volunteer n．志愿者→v.自愿做
·Which country is going to host the next Olympic Games？哪个国家将主办下一届奥运会？
·He was a disturbed child who needed mothering.
他是个心智失常的孩子，需要悉心照顾。
4．表示动物的名词转化为动词
snake n．蛇→v.蜿蜒伸展
wolf n．狼→v.狼吞虎咽地吃
fish n．鱼→v.钓鱼
parrot n．鹦鹉→v.鹦鹉学舌般重复
·The road snaked away into the distance.
这条公路蜿蜒伸向远方。
·He wolfed down three bowls of rice.
他狼吞虎咽地吃了三碗米饭。
三、形容词转化为动词◎
形容词转化为及物动词时多表示“做……”，转化为不及物动词时多表示“变得……”。
perfect adj.完美的→vt.使完美
slow adj.慢的→vt. & vi.(使)放慢速度
better adj.较好的→vt.改善
empty adj.空的→vt.倒空
dirty adj.脏的→vt.使变脏
smooth adj.光滑的→vt.使平滑
dry adj.干的→vt. & vi.(使)变干
warm adj.暖和的→vt. & vi.(使)温暖，变暖
brave adj.勇敢的→vt.勇敢面对
·She emptied the water out of the vase.
她把水从花瓶里倒了出来。
·I decided to take the train to work rather than brave the traffic.
我决定乘火车上班，不和拥挤的交通较劲。
四、形容词转化为名词◎
某些形容词可以用来指代具有它所表性质的事物。
chief adj.主要的→n.首领
final adj.最终的→n.决赛
white adj.白色的→n.白色
·The girl in red looks very beautiful.
那个穿红色衣服的女孩看上去很漂亮。
五、副词转化为动词◎
有一些副词可以转化为动词，如further, near, down等。
·She took the new job to further her career.
她接受了这项新工作以进一步发展她的事业。
·We downed our coffee and left.
我们快速喝完咖啡就离开了。
【误区警示】
转化时，有些单词的读音可能会有所变化。
即学即练
Ⅰ.根据提示完成句子
◎名词转化为动词
1．你订好飞机座位了吗？
Did you ________ a seat on the plane
2．请把那本书递给我。
Please ________ me the book.
3．她护理自己的丈夫，使他恢复了健康。
She ________ her husband back to health.
◎动词转化为名词
4．咱们出去散散步吧。
Let's go out for ________________________．
5．他是个体格健壮的男人。
He is a man of strong ________．
6．咱们去游泳吧。
Let's ________________________________________________________.
◎形容词转化为名词
7．在婚礼上，你应该穿红色衣服。
You should be dressed in ________ at the wedding.
8．这些年轻人在车祸中受伤严重。
The ________ were badly injured in the car accident.
◎形容词转化为动词
9．我们要尽最大努力改善我们的生活条件。
We will try our best to ________ our living conditions.
10．父亲的头发开始变灰白了。
Father's hair begins to ________．
Ⅱ.判断下列句子中画线词的词性和词义
1．That big house can house 20 people.
词性：________ 词义：________
2．My deskmate booked a book, which was popular among the students.
词性：________ 词义：________
3．The artist used oil paints to paint the landscape.
词性：________ 词义：________
4．The girl carried a barrel of water to water those flowers.
词性：________ 词义：________
5．It was an average hotel and it averages 50 foreign guests daily.
词性：________ 词义：________
6．The woman is mothering the baby like his mother.
词性：________ 词义：________
7．He failed the English test as a result of his carelessness.＝His carelessness resulted in his failure in the English test.
词性：________ 词义：________
单元语法专项(2)——构词法之转化法
Ⅰ.根据提示完成句子
1．book 2.hand 3.nursed 4.a walk 5.build
6．go for a swim 7.red 8.young 9.better 10.grey
Ⅱ.判断下列句子中画线词的词性和词义
1．vt.容纳 2.vt.预订 3.n.颜料 4.vt.给……浇水
5．v.平均为 6.vt.像母亲般照管 7.v.造成
