Unit 1 Science and scientists 词汇课件（共39张PPT)-人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册

(共39张PPT)
人教版选择性必修第二册
Unit1
Science and Scientists
单词详解
1.severe adj.
极为恶劣的; 十分严重的; 严厉的
be severe on 对…严厉
=be hard on = be strict with
severely adv.严重地；严格地，严厉地
severeness n. 严重，艰难，淳朴；
severity n.严重，猛烈
1)重病/剧痛
severe disease/pain
2)恶劣的天气/严冬
severe weather/winter
3)面临严峻挑战
face severe challenges
4)任何人违反法律都将被严惩。(主语从句)
Whoever breaks the law will be severely punished.
5)We didn’t realize the severity of her illness.
我们没有意识到她严重的病情。
2. frustrated [fr 'stre t d]:adj. 懊恼的; 沮丧的; 失意的
__________ vt. 挫败，阻挠，使感到灰心
__________ adj. 令人沮丧的
__________n.懊恼沮丧 ，令人懊恼的事物
____________懊恼地，沮丧地
同义词 discouraged/depressed/disappointed
用frustrate及其正确形式填空
What _________ me most was the_________ results of our team’s narrow defeat in the final, after which the players looked very _________ and the fans left the stadium in ___________ .
frustrated
frustrating
frustrated
frustration
be frustrated with/at…
frustrate
frustrating
frustration
in frustration
①He was disabled from birth, but he never felt _______ (frustrate), nor did he give in to any difficulty.
②They felt frustrated _____ the lack of progress.
③A poor memory frustrated her efforts ________ (become) an actress.
frustrated
at/with
to become
feel frustrated 感到沮丧
be frustrated at/with　　因/对……灰心丧气
a frustrated artist 不得志的艺术家
3. contradictory [ k ntr 'd kt ri] adj. 相互矛盾的; 对立的; 不一致的
contradict v 相抵触，相矛盾
contradiction n 矛盾
be contradictory to… 与……矛盾、相反
contra-： contrary adj. 相反的； contrast n. v. 差别，对比，使对比
In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread.
What he said was contradictory to the truth.
self-contradictory adj.自相矛盾的
1.We are faced with two apparently___________ (contradict) statements.
2.He kept _________ (contradict) himself when we were arguing—I think he was a bit confused.
contradictory
contradicting
His remark was contradictory to the truth.
infection[ n'fek n]:n. 感染;传染
have/get an infection
infect vt.使感染，传染
①infect sb. with sth. 使某人感染上.../把...传染给某人
infectious adj. 传染性的,有感染力的
infected adj.被感染的，感染病菌的
②sb. be infected with sth. 某人感染/传染上……
Anyone with a bad cold may infect the people around him.
任何患重感冒的人都有可能传染给他周围的人。
The severe injuries will soon be infected.
重伤的人很快就会被感染。
Some people can be infected with the disease and have mild symptoms.
有些人可能感染了这种疾病，症状轻微。
4. subscribe[s b'skra b]:vi.认购(股份); 定期订购/缴纳(会费); 定期捐助
①subscribe to 同意/赞成; 定期订阅; 定期捐助
②subscribe A to B 把A捐赠给B
subscriber n. 订阅人；定期捐款者
I would like to subscribe to a Dictionary of American Slang.
我想订一本《美国俚语词典》。
We subscribed to a few journals.
我们订了几本杂志。
Only mad people would subscribe to such views.
只有疯子才会赞同这种观点。
How many shares did you subscribe for in the new company
你在这家新公司认购了多少股份？
写出下列句中subscribe to的含义P10
①He subscribes to the view that children can benefit from being independent.
②This is the school your father subscribed to generously in the past
③Using the money I earned in the holiday, I have subscribed to several magazines recently.
同义词：contribute/donate A to B
同意；赞同
捐助
订阅
1.Do you subscribe _____ her optimistic view of the state of the economy
2.There is a sum of money ____________ (subscribe) to the relief.
3.它是一本每一位零售商都会订阅的杂志。
It was a magazine that every retailer ______________________ .
【语境串记】
捐助者从不认为自己比别人富有。
The__________never__________ the view that he is richer than others.
to
subscribed
would subscribe to
subscribes to
subscriber
5. proof /pru f/ n. 证据；证明；检验
常用搭配：
proof of…… ……的证据
复数形式：proofs
(roof -- roofs chief -- chiefs)
例句：
Can you provide any proof of identity 你能提供什么身份证明吗？
词性转换：
prove [pru v] v. 证实，证明
近义词：evidence（不可数）
6. multiple ['m lt pl]adj. 数量多的; 多种多样的
eg: He died of multiple injuries. 他死于多处受伤。
近义词：all kinds/sorts of ...
various [ ve r s]
different [ d fr nt]
diverse [da v s]: adj.
词缀拓展：
前缀 multi ﹣表示"很多"
multiply [ m lt pla ] v. 倍增；乘；繁殖
multiform ['m lt f m] adj. 多样的；多种形式的
multicultural [.m lti'k lt r l] adj. 多元文化的
multimedia [ m lti mi di ] adj. 多媒体的 n. 多媒体(技术)
multilingual [.m lti'l ɡw l] adj. 使用多种语言的
____________adj.可疑的，令人怀疑的
_____________n.怀疑
suspicious
suspicion
7. suspect [s 'spekt] v.怀疑; 疑有; 不信任;
['s spekt] n.[C]犯罪嫌疑人; 可疑对象
be suspicious of/about sth.
suspect sth
suspect … to be + n./adj. 怀疑或猜想……是……
suspect sb of (doing) sth 怀疑某人（做过）某事
suspect + that从句
The above complaints are, I suspect, just the tip of the iceberg.
我想，以上的抱怨只是冰山一角。
He resigned after being suspected of theft.
他被怀疑有偷窃行为，随后就辞职了。
accuse sb. of sth. 指控某人某事
warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事
cheat sb. of sth. 欺骗某人某事
inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事
remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事
rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某事
convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
a murder suspect 杀人嫌疑犯
the main/prime suspect 首要嫌疑人
8. blame v.把…归咎于...; 责怪; 指责 & n.责任; 责备; 指责
blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因某事而责备某人/归咎于..
blame sth. on sb. 把某物归咎到某人身上
be to blame for sth 对坏事负有责任; 因某事应受责备 (v)
lay/put the blame for sth on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
bear/take the blame for sth 对某事承担责任（n）
But I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s accident.
但我经常做疯狂的梦，在这场事故中我应该为Miller的事故负责。
Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock.
很多人发现早上起床很难，就把责任推到闹钟上面。
9. thanks to 由于; 因为
thanks to
owing to
due to
as a result of
as a consequence of
because of
on account of
because/since/as/for
1)多亏了你及时的帮助，我才能处理这个难题。
Thanks to your timely help, I handled the difficult problem.
2)因为天气恶劣，飞行延期了。
The flight was postponed/put off/delayed owing to bad weather.
The flight was postponed/put off/delayed because the weather was bad.
+ 好的原因
+从句
+名词短语/动名词
幸亏
due to/as a result of/ because of/on account of/as a consequence of
9.intervention [ nt 'ven n]: n.介入; 出面; 干涉
eg:Schools are inadequately equipped to implement any intervention.
学校没有足够的能力来实施任何干预措施。
近义词：interference
intervene [ nt vi n]: v. 介入;干预
interview \ interaction\ interpretation
10. link[l k]:n.[C]联系; 纽带; 链接& v.把...连接起来; 相关联
单句语法填空
1.Your innovations should be linked ___our school life and be able to make our life better and more convenient.
2.They went on to the town, where they linked ___with the other party.
3.There are a lot of wireless ________ (link) in a radio.
4.地铁将把机场与市中心连接起来。
A subway line __________________________ the city center.
up
link … to/with… 把…与…连接/联系起来、
=connect A to/with B =join A to B
be linked to/with… 与……有关
=be associated with=be connected with=be related to
link up 连接，结合
a link between… and … …和…之间的联系
to
links
will link the airport with/to
11. transform [tr ns'f m]:v.使改观;使改变形态; 改变; 转变
transform A into B(from c) 把A变成B
A be transformed into B (from c) A被变成B
transformer n.促使改变的人或物；变压器
transformation n.[C&U]改变;转化
We can transform electricity into light energy as well as into heat energy.
=Electricity can be transformed into light energy as well as into heat energy (by us).
In only 20 years the country has been transformed into an advanced industrial power.
这个国家只用了20年时间就变成了一个先进的工业强国。
The movie transformed her almost overnight from an unknown schoolgirl into a well known star.
这部电影让她几乎一夜之间从一位不知名的女学生变成一个众所周知的明星。
“把……变成……”的表达方式还有：
(1)translate... into...
把…变成…；把…翻译成…
(2)change/turn... into... 把……变成……
(3)divide... into... 把…变成…；把…划分成…
12.pure /pj (r)/adj.干净的;纯的;纯粹的
purify vt. 净化；使纯净
purity n. 纯净；纯洁
purely adv.纯粹地，仅仅，只不过
pure water 纯净水
100% pure cotton 100%纯棉
by pure chance 纯属偶然
13.decrease n. 减少；降低；减少量　
vt.&vi.（使大小，数量等）减少；减小；降低
1. These measures will help decrease the cost of production.
这些措施有助于降低生产成本。
2. There is a decrease of nearly 6% in the number of visitors to the museum.
参观博物馆的人数下降了将近6%。
(1) decrease to... 减少到……
decrease by...减少了……
decrease from...to... 从……减少到……
(2) on the decrease 正在减少
a decrease in 在某方面减少
增加
increase, boost, multiply, add, up, improve
减少
decrease, decline, reduce, down, low, drop
14. in charge of 主管；掌管（表主动）
1) take charge of 掌管/负责……(表动作)
in charge of 掌管/负责……（表状态 人做主语）
in the charge of =in sb’s charge (含被动含义,物做主语)受…的管理；由…负责
free of charge＝for free 免费
(2) charge v. 收费；要价；控告；充电
charge sb. for sth. 为某物向某人收取费用
charge sb. with (doing) sth. 控告某人(做)某事
1. The cook is in charge of the kitchen helper.这位厨师负责管理帮厨。
2. Dr Smith is assigned to take charge of the department.
史密斯大夫受命负责这个部门。
3. All the drinks including beer are free of charge.
全部饮料包括啤酒在内都是免费的。
15. above all 最重要的是；尤其是
1. Schooling requires above all that students learn, solve problems and think abstractly.
学校教育首先要求学生学习、解决问题并进行抽象思维。
2. Never waste anything, and above all never waste time.
不要浪费任何东西，尤其是不要浪费时间。
3. All in all, things worked out for the better.
总的来说，情况有所好转了。
above all 最重要的是；尤其是
at all 根本；全然
after all 毕竟；终究
in all 总共；总计
all in all 总的来说，总而言之
first of all 首先，第一
16.raw adj. 未熟的，生的，未经处理的，原始的
raw beginner/hand 新手
raw materials 原料
raw meat/fish生肉/鱼
be raw to… 对…不熟练
catch sb. on the raw 揭人伤疤; 说人痛处
17. transform vt. 使改观,使改变形态 vi. 改变,改观
1. The magician transformed the frog into a princess.
魔术师把青蛙变成了公主。
2. We can transform the world with our knowledge.
我们可以用我们的知识改变世界。
3. Tom seems to have been miraculously transformed into a first class player.
汤姆似乎奇迹般地变成了一流的球员。
(1) transform A into B 把A变成B
transform into 转变成；转化成；改造为
be transformed from A into B 由A变成B
(2) transformation n. 改变；转换；改观
17、build up 逐步增强，建立，开发
build up one’s confidence in…
增强某人对…的信心
build up one’s vocabulary扩大某人的词汇量
build up one’s trust 建立某人的信任
build up a business 创办企业
build up one’s health/body 增强某人的体质
18、deal with 对付，应付，处理，涉及，
论及，探讨，和…做生意
deal with stress 应对压力
deal with a problem 处理问题
注意：deal with和do with都可以表示“对付,应
付,处理”，但deal with常与how连用,而
do with常与what连用。
eg. How do you deal with the problem
= What do you do with the problem
19、thinking n. 思想，思维，见解
creative thinking 创造性思维
independent thinking 独立思考
do some thinking 思考
to my[way of] thinking 据我的观点, 依我看
without thinking 不假思索
20、make advances[in] [在…方面]进步，进展
=make an advance [in]
advance v. 前进，促进，提前 n.前进，进步
advance on/upon/towards… 向…推进/挺进
in advance = ahead of time 预先/提前【状语】
advanced adj. 高级的，先进的
21.cast vt. 投射，向…投以[视线/笑容]，投掷
1. The setting sun cast an orange glow over the mountains.
橘红色的夕阳辉映着群山。
2. She cast a welcoming smile in his direction.
她向他微笑以示欢迎。
3. The priceless treasures had been cast into the Nile.
价值连城的珍宝被扔进了尼罗河。
4. Don’t let yourself be cast down by a small failure in the experiment. Try again.
不要让自己被实验中一个小小的失败所打倒。再试一次。
cast/run an eye/one’s eyes over sth. 用眼光瞥(或扫)；匆匆查看；粗略地看一看
cast/shed/throw light on sth. 使(问题等)较容易理解
(be) cast down (by sth.) (因某事)沮丧，不愉快
cast back (to) 回想；追溯
22.thinking n．思想；思维；见解
creative thinking 创造性思维
independent thinking 独立思考
do some thinking 思考
to my (way of) thinking 据我的观点，依我看
without thinking 不假思索
Immediately he begins to speak, his clear thinking will impress you.
①__________________ (在我看来), health is more important than anything else.
②________________ (独立思考) is a necessary skill for all leaders.
③The ________ (think) behind the campaign is to help people to realise the importance of environmental protection.
④Critical ________ (think) and creative ________ (think) are very important and necessary for a student in college.
To my way of thinking
Independent thinking
thinking
thinking
thinking
22、shadow n.阴影，影子，背光处
cast a shadow 投影
in the shadows 在阴暗处
in the shadow of … 在…阴影之下
eg. sit in the shadow of a tree坐在树荫下
eye shadow 眼影，眼睑膏
23、pour vt.倒出，倾泻，斟[饮料]
pour…our 倒/斟…，毫无保留地表达感情
pour down [雨]倾盆而下
pour with rain 下滂沱大雨
pour cold water over/on sth. 对某事泼凉水
24、have an impact on 对…有影响
have no impact on… 对…没有影响
make an impact on… 对…产生影响
have an effect/influence on 对…有影响
have no effect/influence/impact on 对…没影响
make a/no difference [to…] [对…]有/没有影响
25、break out [战斗/打斗等不愉快的事情]突然开始,爆发
break in 强行进入，插话，打断
break into 强行闯入，突然开始[笑、唱]
break down 分解, 出故障, [计划等]失败, 垮掉
break through 突围，突破
break up 分解，[关系]破裂
break off 折断，断开，中断
25. defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解(近义词：guard,protect)
_________ n. 防御；保卫 defensive adj．防御性的；自我保护的
defence
核心用法
Students should be ready to explain and defend their views．
学生应该准备好解释和捍卫自己的观点。
The dam was built to defend the road from being washed away by the sea．
修建水坝是为了保护公路不被海水冲毁。
They tried to defend themselves against the enemy with all their might．
他们竭尽全力防御敌人。
defend...from/against ... 保护……免受……
defend oneself 为自己辩护；自卫
in defence (of) 保护；为了保卫；(为……)辩护
in one's defence 为某人辩护
26. assistant[ 's st nt]:n.助理; 助手
_______________ v.帮助 _____________ n.帮助
assist
核心用法
assist sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事
=assist sb. to do sth.
=assist sb. in doing sth.
with the assistance of/under one’s assistance 在…的帮助下（help）
come/go to one’s assistance 来/去帮助某人
assistance
1)The teacher assists the children _______ their tasks.
=The teacher assists the children _______(finish) their tasks.
=The teacher assists the children in finishing their tasks.
2)他只能靠拐杖走路。
He can walk only __________________________stick.
3)尽管他喊叫，却没有人来帮助他。(despite)
Despite his cries, no one_______________________________
with
to finish
with the assistance of
came to his assistance.
27. gifted adj.有天赋的; 有天才的; 天资聪颖的=talented
核心用法
①be gifted/talented in/at sth. 在……方面有天赋
②be gifted with sth.=be born with 具有(令人愉快的特质)
gift n.[C]礼物; 天赋
③have a gift/ talent for sth. 在……方面有天赋
show a talent for 显示出…天赋
1)He was gifted/talented ______ music.
=He has a gift /talent for music.
2) Man is the only creature that is gifted ___________ speech.
3)He was gifted with a superb voice.
仿写：他有迷人的微笑。
_________________________________________
in/at
with
He was gifted with a charming smile.
e down with 患（病）；染上（小病）
1. I think I am coming down with flu.我想我得了流感。
2. What other predictions do you know from science fiction books or films that have come true 你还知道有哪些科幻小说和电影中的预言已经变成了现实吗？
3. We do not know when this world came into being.
我们不知道世界是何时形成的。
4. Is that the best excuse you can come up with
那就是你能想出的最好借口吗？
come up with 提及；讨论；想出
come about 发生
come across 偶然遇见，碰见；发现
come out (太阳等天体)出现；开花；出版，发行；为人所知
come into being 形成，产生
when it comes to ... 当谈及……
29、abstract adj. 抽象的，理性的 n. 摘要
abstract idea/concept 抽象思想/概念
in the abstract 抽象地, 理论上[=in theory]
abstractly adv. 抽象地
30、steady adj. 稳定的，平稳的，稳步的
steady income 固定的收入
steady jobs 稳定的工作
steadily adv. 稳定地，平稳地
be steady in one’s principle 坚持原则
31、brilliant adj. 聪颖的，绝妙的，明亮的
brilliant sunshine 明媚的阳光
brilliant performance 出色的 表演
brilliantly adv. 灿烂地，出色地
31、fault n.弱点，过错
be one’s fault 是某人的过错
be at fault 有过错，有责任
find fault with 找茬儿，挑错，挑剔
it’s one’s fault for[doing] sth.
[做]某事是某人的过失
it’s one’s fault that… …是某人的过错
faulty adj. 有错误的，优缺陷的
faultless adj. 完美的，无缺点的
注意：fault 表示“弱点，缺点”时是可数名词，
表示“责任，过错”时是不可数
36、vivid adj.生动的，鲜明 的，丰富的
vivid memories 清晰的记忆
a vivid description 生动的描述
vividly adv. 生动地，清楚地
describe … vividly 生动地描述…
remember… vividly 清楚地记得…
37、honor vt. 尊敬,尊重[某人],给予表扬[或奖励]
honour sb. with… 以…向某人表示敬意 /以…表扬/奖励某人
feel/be honored that… 因…而感到荣幸
be/feel honored to do sth. 因做某事而感到荣幸
n. 尊敬，尊重，光荣，荣幸，引起尊敬的人[或事物]
in honor of sb.= in sb’s honor 为向某人表示敬意/为纪念某人
have the honor of[doing] sth. 得到某殊荣，有幸做某事
it is an honor [for sb.] to do sth. [对某人来说]做某事使种荣幸
honorable adj. 光荣的,可敬的,品德高尚的
单元词汇发散——上串下联
1.常见的反义形容词
abstract 抽象的—concrete 具体的 positive 积极的—negative 消极的
optimistic 乐观的—pessimistic 悲观的
2.以 ship为后缀的高频名词
①scholarship奖学金；学问 ②friendship 友谊
③leadership 领导地位 ④relationship 关系
⑤hardship 苦难 ⑥championship 冠军称号
3. 同根词汇
有无定冠词意义不同的短语荟萃
①in charge of 主管；看管；负责 in the charge of 被掌管
②in control of 控制；管理 in the control of 被……控制
③in possession of 占有；拥有 in the possession of 被占有