2025-2026学年北京市第十四中学高三上学期12月月考英语试卷2025.12
班级：________ 姓名：________
注意事项1.本试卷共12页，共44道小题，满分100分。考试时间90分钟。
2.在答题卡上指定位置贴好条形码，或填涂考号。
3.试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
4.在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。
5.答题不得使用任何涂改工具。
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
There are a lot of homeless people in the world. But ___1___ there are also a lot of giving people who are willing to help out. One lady in particular, Karine Gombeau from Paris, France, is one of these people.
Gombeau, 42 years old, was on vacation with her husband and their 15-year-old son in New York. They were near Grand Central Station in Manhattan when she ___2___ a homeless man, wearing a ski cap, digging ___3___ the garbage. What was he doing He was looking for his next ___4___. Being the kind-hearted person she is, she decided to help this man out. She had just finished eating pizza with her family and had some extra, so she chose to give it to the man. She even ___5___ for the pizza being cold.
She went on with her life thinking that ___6___ was out of the ordinary until a couple of days later, at her hotel, a lady came running up to her with a newspaper. Gombeau was very ___7___ to see her picture in it along with a story. She suddenly ___8___ that the homeless man she had given the pizza to was actually a famous actor. Oddly enough, he was filming a movie in Grand Central Station when she ___9___ got involved. However, the actor didn’t even break character, saying “thank you” when Gombeau gave him the pizza. That was why she thought he was a homeless person!
Gombeau said that her ___10___ to give the poor man the pizza was because she was sad to see so many homeless people living on the streets of New York.
1. A. normally B. luckily C. naturally D. gradually
2. A. stopped B. recognized C. remembered D. spotted
3. A. through B. for C. around D. over
4. A. cap B. bottle C. meal D. newspaper
5. A. answered B. complained C. joked D. apologized
6. A. something B. nothing C. anything D. everything
7. A. surprised B. delighted C. satisfied D. disappointed
8. A. admitted B. claimed C. explained D. realized
9. A. mysteriously B. secretly C. mistakenly D. proudly
10. A. courage B. decision C. opportunity D. promise
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Tanni was born ___11___ an illness, which made her unable to move her muscles normally. Tanni was interested in sports, but when she ___12___ (grow) up she didn’t see many disabled athletes on television. Then several years later, while watching the London wheelchair marathon, she saw an athlete she knew. She dreamed that she would be on the starting line, ___13___ (compete) in the marathon too. Finally her dream came true. She was not only on the starting line, but also the winner at the finish line. Tanni believes you’ll never know what you can do ___14___ you try.
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
When travelling abroad, we are expected to respect the social customs of the places we visit. In conservative countries, for example, wearing appropriate clothes is a way of showing we are ___15___ (respect) and open-minded. Even if we are behind the walls of a hotel the entire time, the staff are locals, and should ___16___ (treat) accordingly. Remember we are guests in their home, and while we ___17___ (visit) foreign lands many times with this in mind, we still fall short occasionally.
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In the early days of space travel, scientists sent animals into space to learn about the conditions humans might face. By studying animals, they were able to understand ___18___ it was like to live without Earth’s gravity and atmosphere. The animals were used to test specially ___19___ (design) equipment that would later be used for human space flight. Animals ___20___ survived a space flight provided information about how weightlessness would affect humans, what spaceship designs would be the safest, and how well a spacesuit would work.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
There are many ways to get involved and volunteer at the National Museum of American History. Becoming a Museum Ambassador is one of them. To learn more about this volunteer program, please see the descriptions below.
Museum Ambassadors at the American History Museum are a mobile source of information that helps bridge the gap between two other volunteer groups here at the museum — information desk specialists, who provide orientation (方向) assistance when guests arrive, and volunteer docents (讲师), who provide Highlights tours, facilitate hands-on demonstrations and circulate through many of our exhibitions to interact with visitors. Each year, our Museum Ambassadors help over 100,000 people get the most out of their visits by welcoming groups, circulating throughout the museum's public zones to answer basic questions, and directing visitors to programs and exhibitions of interest. The museum has also employed the Museum Ambassadors to assist with special projects and events as needed.
To learn more about what Museum Ambassadors do, check out what Larry has said, “As museum ambassadors, we get to share in the curiosity of a child, the nostalgia (怀旧) of returning visitors, the treasure hunt of students assigned to find important historical objects, and the amazement of those experiencing our eye on the nation's history for the first time. We can help recommend a meaningful museum visit just for you. There's more. We're also traffic cops when elevators and escalators break and extra eyes for museum security."
If you enjoy…
interacting with diverse audiences, age groups and learning styles.
working in an often busy and changing environment.
If you have…
strong interpersonal and communication skills.
an interest in history and communication.
If you can…
commit to three shifts a month (weekday Ambassadors) or twice a month (weekend Ambassadors).
The museum is open 364 days a year, including weekends and holidays.
handle frequent walking, standing, and talking.
To Apply
To learn more information about the application process, please contact Ruth Shirley.
NOTE: Acceptance into the program is subject to successful completion of an interview and background investigation.
21. Which one is the responsibility of Museum Ambassadors
A. To receive visitors at the entrance.
B. To take full charge of museum security.
C. To direct visitors to their exhibitions of interest.
D. To help visitors with hands-on demonstrations
22. A qualified Museum Ambassador should________.
A. enjoy communicating with people
B. speak at least two foreign languages
C. have academic background in history
D. commit to working three shifts at weekends
23. The author writes this passage mainly to__________.
A. introduce volunteer programs for teenagers
B. provide special tours to meet different needs
C. invite people to visit the American History Museum
D. attract potential applicants for Museum Ambassadors
B
“No,” Mama Lil said it plain and simple. “I ain’t never heard of no girls to be doing that. Bebe, you need to be getting yourself a real summer job, something civilized.”
I’d been living with Mama Lil since I was six, when my own mama and daddy were killed in an apartment building fire. Lillian Johns was my mom’s mother. Everybody on our street called her Mama Lil and that was what I called her too. I had been butting heads with her ever since I could remember. And the older I got, the more at odds we were and the more conflicts we experienced.
For weeks I’d been asking Mama Lil to let me join the youth renovation (修缮) team. It was a group of kids who had been chosen by city officials to work with engineers to help repair the Brooklyn Bridge. The project would last the summer and pay good money. It would help me get to college, where I wanted to study engineering.
But for Mama Lil, the thing that made her the most stubborn this time, was exactly my dream of becoming an engineer. In some respects, Mama Lil was right. It was true that there weren’t many black women engineers. But I wanted to build bridges more than anything.
“Let me go, Mama Lil,” I begged softly.
Mama Lil sat as still as a statue. “Mama Lil,” I said carefully, “if you don’t sign the bridge project permission form, I will sign it myself. Nobody will know the difference.”
The next morning, Mama Lil’s eyes looked red-tired. “I’m going to the bridge,” I said firmly. “I know, Bebe,” she said. From her housedress pocket, she took out a pen and signed the form. “Bebe, that bridge is lucky to have you,” she said.
I hugged Mama Lil good and hard, smiling big, right at her.
…
Ahead, in the distance, stood the Brooklyn Bridge. This was the best spot to see the bridge. I’d come to this corner and studied the bridge a million times. And on every one of those times, I was taken with what I’d come to call Brooklyn Belle.
At night, Belle was dressed in tiny light. On a cloudless night like this one, she was a sight like no other in the whole city. Jeweled in light. Beautiful.
I had drawn Belle in the high-noon light, at sunset, on snowy days, and on foggy twilight mornings... I was proud of my drawings, but with each page they showed a sad truth about Belle: She needed repair. That bridge renovation project needed me; and I needed it, in more ways than I could count.
24. Mama Lil refused to sign the permission form mainly because ______.
A. she had become stubborn in her old age
B. she wouldn’t allow Bebe to have a summer job
C. she thought the bridge project was too dangerous
D. she didn’t support Bebe’s desire to be an engineer
25. What can we learn from the story
A. Bebe lost her parents in the bridge project.
B. Bebe liked to draw the bridge on winter mornings.
C. Bebe and Mama Lil often got into arguments with each other.
D. Bebe called her grandma Mama Lil because she was her mom’s mother.
26. By mentioning the name “Brooklyn Belle”, the author intends to help readers ______.
A. recall the history of the bridge
B. appreciate the bridge’s beauty
C. ignore the damage to the bridge
D. imagine the bridge’s future look
27. Which of the following could be the theme of this story
A. Dreams know no color or gender.
B. Elders always make the best decisions.
C. Conflict usually resolves itself in the end.
D. Pride wins out but makes things more difficult.
C
Consider these facts: The tennis champion Williams sisters are a generation apart, according to the Pew Research Center. Venus, born in 1980, is labelled “Gen X”; Serena, born in 1981, is a “millennial”. Meanwhile, Donald Trump and Michelle Obama both belong to the same generation. The former was born in 1946 while the latter was born in 1964, making them both “baby boomers”.
Before you push these diverse personalities into generational stereotypes (刻板印象), let me stop you there: Just don’t. Generation labels, although widely adopted by the public, have no basis in social reality. In fact, in one recent survey, most people did not identify the correct generation for themselves, even when they were shown a list of options.
This is not surprising since the labels are forced by survey researchers, journalists or marketing firms before the identities they are supposed to describe even exist. Instead of asking people which group they identify with and why, they just declare the labels and start making pronouncements about them. That’s not how social identity works.
The practice of naming “generations” based on birth year goes back at least to the supposed “lost-generation” of the late 19th century. But as the tradition slid into a never-ending competition to be the first to propose the next name that sticks it has produced gradually declining returns to social science and the public understanding.
The supposed boundaries between generations are no more meaningful than the names they’ve been given. There is no research identifying the appropriate boundaries between generations and there is no statistical basis for requiring the sweeping character traits (特征) that are believed to define them. In one article you might read that millennials are “liberal lions”, “downwardly mobile”, and “distrustful”; even though they also “get along well with their parents, respect their elders and work well with colleagues”.
Ridiculous, clearly. But what’s the harm Aren’t these labels just a bit of fun for writers A method to attract readers and a way of communicating generational change, which no one would deny is a real phenomenon We, in academic social science, study and teach social change, but we don’t study and teach these labels because they simply aren’t real. And in social science, reality still matters.
Worse than irrelevant, such baseless labels drive people toward stereotyping and thoughtless character judgment. Measuring and describing social change is essential, and it can be useful to analyze the historical period in which people were born and raised, but drawing random lines between birth years and assigning names to them doesn’t help.
Today there are lots of good alternatives to label generations. We can simply describe people by the decade in which they were born and define generational groups specifically related to a particular issue-such as 2020 school kids. With the arrival of “Generation Z”, there has never been a better time to get off this train.
28. According to the passage, the author may agree that ________.
A. the generation label is a harmless device writers use to reflect reality
B. generation boundaries are more meaningful than generation labels
C. assigning character traits to a certain generation is misguided
D. journalists should find alternative ways to judge character
29. The underlined word “sticks” in Paragraph 4 probably means ________.
A. is understood B. is analyzed C. is described D. is accepted
30. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A. Generation labels: It’s high time to retire them
B. Generation labels: The ongoing debate will never end
C. Generation labels: What do they say about who we are
D. Generation labels: Expand or bridge generational differences
D
Early fifth-century philosopher St．Augustine famously wrote that he knew what time was unless someone asked him．Albert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending on where you measure it．Today's state-of-the-art atomic（原子的） clocks have proven Einstein right．Even advanced physics can't decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question you're asking．
Forget about time as an absolute．What if，instead of considering time in terms of astronomy,we related time to ecology？What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo（节奏） of human life？We're increasingly aware of the fact that we can't control Earth systems with engineering alone，and realizing that we need to moderate（调节）our actions if we hope to live in balance．What if our definition of time reflected that？
Recently，I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that's connected to circumstances on our planet，conditions that might change as a result of global warming．We're now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers，which are sensitive to local and global environmental changes．We've programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate．If the rivers run faster in the future on average，the clock will get ahead of standard time．If they run slower，you'll see the opposite effect．
The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynamics．It's a sort of observatory that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame（时间框架），and allows us to witness those changes on our smartwatches or phones．Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmony with the planet．Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies．
Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars，early agricultural societies also connected time to natural phenomena．In pre-Classical Greece，for instance，people“corrected”official calendars by shifting dates forward or backward to reflect the change of season．Temporal connection to the environment was vital to their survival．Likewise，river time and other timekeeping systems we're developing may encourage environmental awareness．
When St．Augustine admitted his inability to define time， he highlighted one of time 's most noticeable qualities：Time becomes meaningful only in a defined context．Any timekeeping system is valid，and each is as praiseworthy as its purpose．
31. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1？
A. Timekeeping is increasingly related to nature．
B. Everyone can define time on their own terms．
C. The qualities of time vary with how you measure it．
D Time is a major concern of philosophers and scientists．
32. The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly to________．
A. present an assumption B. evaluate an argument
C. highlight an experiment D. introduce an approach
33. What can we learn from this passage？
A. Those who do not go on river time will live an imbalanced life．
B New ways of measuring time can help to control Earth systems．
C. Atomic time will get ahead of river time if the rivers run slower．
D. Modern technology may help to shape the rivers’ temporal frame．
34. What can we infer from this passage？
A. It is crucial to improve the definition of time．
B. A fixed frame will make time meaningless．
C. We should live in harmony with nature．
D. History is a mirror reflecting reality．
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从以下七个选项中选出能填入每个空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Sometimes in our life we face this problem: loved ones as well as strangers annoying us. At home, we’ve had to put up with children screaming during online meetings, and family members on the computer all the time. ___35___
Kindness seems like a distant memory. The ability to live peacefully with annoying housemates or neighbors seems more difficult than ever. ___36___ If we take kindness as a skill, making it a daily practice, it will come easier over time.
___37___ Loving Kindness Meditation (默想) (LKM), which dates back to the time of its roots to early Buddhism, helps us find sympathy for one another even during trying times. The meditation asks us to send thoughts of loving kindness to loved ones, then to acquaintances (people you don’t know very well) and finally to challenging people. Over time, our unkind thoughts are replaced with more open, accepting ones. Anger is replaced by love, or at least kindness.
Donald Altman, a psychotherapist from Portland, Oregon, says LKM helps us recognize we are all weak and have been hurt. ___38___
So how To begin with, Altman suggests finding a quiet place to sit. He says to then imagine a favorite family member or friend sending you the words, “May you be well, happy and at peace.” After a few minutes, direct the words at yourself, “May I be well, happy and at peace.” ___39___ Replace the “I” with the name of a teacher or coach, then a family member or friend, then an acquaintance, and finally an unfriendly person in your life. End the meditation by spreading the blessing to all living beings.
Indeed, we should find our own way toward LKM — but only if we are prepared to access its benefits and extend them to anyone who may need them.
A. The good news is that it isn’t lost.
B. Luckily, we can look to ancient disciplines for guidance.
C. At work, we’ve had to face the added pressure these demanding jobs create.
D. Then, extend the blessing to other people, in order of decreasing fondness.
E. For that reason, we could all benefit from love’s warm and comforting blessing.
F. You can combine the words with breathing, repeating a phrase of love for yourself.
G. Outside we’ve encountered drivers speeding on busy roads and passengers talking loudly on the subway.
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；40、41小题各2分，42小题3分，43小题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Habit formation is the process by which behaviours become automatic. People develop countless habits as they explore the world, whether they are aware of them or not. Understanding how habits take shape may be helpful in changing bad habits.
Habits are built through learning and repetition. A person is thought to develop a habit in the course of pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues(刺激) with behavioural responses that help meet the goal. Over time, thoughts of the behaviour and ultimately the behaviour itself are likely to be triggered(触发) by these cues.
A “habit loop(环)” is a way of describing several related elements that produce habits. These elements are called the cue, the routine, and the reward. For example, stress could serve as a cue that one responds to by eating, which produces the reward﹣the reduction of stress. While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not necessarily performed in response to a deep﹣rooted urge, as a habit is.
Old habits can be difficult to shake, and healthy habits are often harder to develop. But through repetition, it’s possible to form new habits. The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on multiple factors, including the individual and the intended behaviour. While you are able to pickup a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit. Take some time to think about what leads to bad habits and re﹣evaluate what you get out of them (or don’t). Consider and keep in mind why you want to make a change, including how the change reflects your values.
40. How are habits built
________________________________________________________________
41. In what way is a routine different from a habit
________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time.
________________________________________________________________
43. What benefit(s) have you got from one of your good habits (In about 40 words)
________________________________________________________________
第二节（20分）
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的外国好友Jim准备给其校报的 Global Challenges and Youth Actions (全球挑战与青年行动) 栏目投稿。他发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：
1.建议投稿内容；
2.就以上建议简要说明理由。
注意：(1)词数100左右；
(2)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
