外研版（2019）必修第三册Unit 3 The world of science Using language课件（共46张PPT，内镶嵌视频）
文档属性
| 名称 | 外研版（2019）必修第三册Unit 3 The world of science Using language课件（共46张PPT，内镶嵌视频） |
|
|
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 65.9MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 外研版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-12-28 12:52:22 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
(共46张PPT)
Unit 3
The world of science
1
Learning Objectives
2
Using language
3
Vocabulary
4
Homework
1
Learning
Objectives
语言能力
掌握现在完成时的被动语态（have/has been done）的结构与用法，能在语境中正确运用该语法改写句子、描述科技相关现象。
积累科技职业、实验操作等主题词汇，能运用所学词汇介绍科学家及其成就，完成简单的口语表达。
听懂发明相关的听力材料，提取关键信息；能撰写简短实验报告或科技相关短文，做到语法正确、表达连贯。
思维品质
通过分析语法例句中主语与谓语的关系，培养观察、归纳语法规则的逻辑思维能力。
结合 3D 打印技术、实验室场景等语境，思考科技发展的实际应用，提升将语言知识与现实场景结合的具象思维。
在讨论科技职业、发明意义时，多角度表达个人观点，初步形成对科技影响的辩证思考意识。
学习能力
学会通过对比分析、仿写练习等策略，自主探究并巩固语法知识，提升自主学习效率。
能在小组合作中完成角色扮演、话题讨论等任务，提升协作沟通与语言实践能力。
能主动整理单元主题词汇和语法要点，反思自身语言运用中的问题并及时调整学习策略。
文化意识
了解中外不同领域科学家的成就，感受科学探索精神的跨文化共通性。
认识 3D 打印等现代科技对人类生活的影响，拓宽对全球科技发展趋势的认知视野。
尊重不同科技领域的职业价值，树立科学造福人类的正确观念，增强对科技文化的认同感。
Using language
2
Activity 1
Looking at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
What has happened to “you” in sentence (a)
Who has used new inventions to make replacement hearts and bone parts in sentence (b)
People have used 3D printers to make replacement hearts and bone parts.
Someone has asked “you” about the title of your book before.
Activity 1
Looking at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
What is the difference between the two groups of sentences
In the first group, the words in bold show the use of the passive form with the subjects, while in the second group, the words in bold show the use of the active form with the subjects.
Activity 1
Looking at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
Why does the author choose to use the passive form instead of the active form in the reading passage
The author chooses to use the passive form instead of the active form to emphasise what has been done, rather than who or what does the action.
使用被动语态的情况
1. 不知道或不必说出动作的执行者（强调动作承受者）
例句：①The bridge was built in 2020.
（这座桥建于 2020 年。→ 不必说 “谁建的”）
② Many new schools have been set up in rural areas.（农村地区建起了许多新学校。→ 执行者不重要）
高考提示：说明文、新闻报道中高频使用，如介绍科技发明、社会现象时。
2. 强调动作的承受者（需突出主语）
例句：① The prize was won by a 17-year-old student.
（奖项由一名 17 岁学生获得。→ 强调 “17 岁学生”）
② This book is widely read by teenagers.
（这本书被青少年广泛阅读。→ 强调 “这本书”）
高考提示：写作中用于突出核心对象，如议论文论点、记叙文关键人物 / 事件。
3. 动作的执行者是泛指（如 people, someone 等）
例句：① English is spoken all over the world.
（英语在全世界被广泛使用。→ 执行者是 “全世界的人”，泛指）
② The new rule is supposed to be followed by everyone.
（新规定应该被所有人遵守。→ 执行者 “everyone” 泛指）
高考提示：常用于客观事实、普遍规律的描述，适配说明文、议论文。
4. 出于礼貌、委婉或避免提及执行者（语气正式）
例句：① You are requested to arrive on time.
（敬请准时到达。→ 礼貌邀请，避免说 “我们要求你”）
② Mistakes were made in the project.
（项目中出现了一些错误。→ 委婉表达，不直接指责某人）
高考提示：书信、通知、正式演讲等场景高频，如邀请信、倡议书。
5. 科技类、学术类、官方文件等正式语境（客观陈述过程 / 结果）
例句：① The data was collected through experiments.
（数据通过实验收集。→ 学术报告）
② The law was passed by the government last month.
（该法律于上月由政府通过。→ 官方文件）
高考提示：科技类阅读、书面表达（实验报告、议论文论点支撑）中必考点。
6. 为了句子结构平衡（避免主语过长，保持上下文连贯）
例句：① A meeting is planned to be held next Friday.（
计划下周五召开一次会议。→ 避免主语 “to hold a meeting” 过长）
② The problem to be discussed at the meeting was put forward by Tom.
（会议上要讨论的问题是汤姆提出的。→ 定语后置，结构更清晰）
高考提示：写作中优化句式结构的关键用法，避免头重脚轻。
7. 固定搭配或习惯用法（被动形式为固定表达）
例句：① He is known for his honesty.
（他以诚实著称。→ be known for 固定搭配）
② The child is taken care of by his grandparents.
（孩子由祖父母照顾。→ 动词短语的被动形式）
高考提示：重点记忆 “动词 + 介词 / 副词” 短语的被动结构，如 be looked after, be made use of 等。
高考易错点提示
1. 不及物动词（如 happen, appear, occur）无被动语态，如：正确表达 “What happened ”，错误表达 “What was happened ”；
2. 感官动词（如 see, hear, feel）和使役动词（如 make, let）在主动语态中接不带 to 的不定式，被动语态中需加 to，如：主动 “We saw him enter the room” → 被动 “He was seen to enter the room”；
3. 表示 “拥有、适合、容纳” 的动词（如 have, fit, hold）无被动语态，如：正确表达 “The room holds 50 people”，错误表达 “50 people are held by the room”。
Present perfect passive—现在完成时的被动语态
1. 基本概念
现在完成时的被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动性动作对现在造成了影响或结果，主语为动作的承受者，表示“……已经被……”。通常与already, yet, recently, lately, since+从句，so far, in/during/over+一段时间等时间状语连用。
例句：I have met several old friends recently.（我最近遇到了几个老朋友。）
He hasn't replied to my message yet.（他还没回复我的消息。）
2. 构成形式
肯定式：主语+have/has+been+过去分词
例句：These documents have been translated into three foreign languages. 这些文件已被翻译成三种外语。
否定式：主语+have/has not+been+过去分词
例句：The meeting hasn't been arranged because the manager is busy.
会议尚未安排，因为经理很忙。
一般疑问式：Have/Has+主语+been+过去分词
例句：Has the bridge been repaired after the storm
暴风雨后这座桥已被修复了吗？
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+been done
例句：How many trees have been planted in the park so far
到目前为止，公园里已种了多少棵树？
3. 用法
①表示被动的动作在说话前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，通常与 already, yet, never, recently等副词及时间状语 so far, by now, up till now等连用。
例句：The letter has already been sent.
（信已寄出。→ 现在对方可能收到）
This secret has never been told.
（这个秘密从未被泄露。→ 现在仍保密）
So far, 100 books have been collected.
（到目前为止，已收集 100 本书。→ 现在有足够数量）
3. 用法
②表示被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在，并可能继续持续下去，常与for或since等引出的时间状语（从句）连用，或用于how long引出的句子中。
例句：The bridge has been used for 20 years.
（这座桥已被使用 20 年了。）
The library has been closed since last Monday.
（图书馆从上周一起就关闭了。）
How long has this museum been open
（这家博物馆已开放多久了？）
3. 用法
③用在时间状语从句中，表示将来某时已经完成的动作。
例句：Don't leave until the work has been finished.
（工作完成后再离开。）
By the time you arrive, the hall will have been decorated.
（你到的时候，大厅已布置好。）
Before the party starts, all the food will have been prepared.
（派对开始前，所有食物已备好。）
As soon as the plan has been approved, we'll act.
（计划获批后，我们立即行动。）
4. 现在完成时的被动语态要注意的问题
①现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别：一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去，对现在没有影响；而现在完成时的被动语态强调一个过去发生的被动动作对现在造成的结果和影响。
例句：The letter was sent yesterday.
（信是昨天寄的。→ 仅说明过去事实，不涉及现在是否收到）
The letter has been sent.
（信已寄出。→ 现在对方可能收到）
4. 现在完成时的被动语态要注意的问题
②用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时态的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。例句：
正确：When the report has been typed, print it.
（报告打完就打印。）
错误：When the report will have been typed, print it.
正确：If the room has been decorated, we'll move in.
（房间装修好就入住。）
错误：If the room will have been decorated, we'll move in.
4. 现在完成时的被动语态要注意的问题
③有些非延续性动词如finish, buy, start, begin, return, join, marry, open, die等表示的动作很短暂。它们构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能够与表示一段时间的状语连用，如不能与for构成的短语、since构成的短语或引导的句子连用，也不能用于How long... 句型中。若要表达相应的意思，则需要更换动词或时态。例句：
错误：The building has been built since 2019.
（build 为非延续性动词）
正确：The building was built in 2020.（换一般过去时）
Activity 2
Rewrite the underlined parts using the present perfect passive.
Within the next 80 years, our lives may be changed beyond recognition by 3D printing. It has already affected many things in our lives, right down to the food we eat.
For instance, some restaurants in London have served 3D-printed hamburgers to customers.
3D-printed hamburgers have been served to customers in some restaurants in London.
Many things in our lives have already been affected.
Activity 2
Rewrite the underlined parts using the present perfect passive.
But perhaps the most significant success that people have achieved to date is in medicine. They have made human body parts, including a beating heart, with 3D printing technology.
And it is not just humans who are benefiting—in Brazil, people have given a new 3D-printed shell to a turtle injured in a forest fire!
But perhaps the most significant success that has been achieved to date is in medicine. Human body parts, including a beating heart have been made with 3D printing technology.
A new 3D-printed shell has been given to a turtle injured in a forest fire!
Activity 3
Imagine you are Dr Moore. Look at the pictures and tell the police about the damage and loss to your lab. Use the present perfect passive where appropriate.
The lock on the door has been broken.
The window has been broken.
Two laptops have been stolen.
Beakers and test tubes have been destroyed.
The book case has been opened, and some files have been taken away while others have been thrown everywhere.
The robot has been damaged.
Activity 4
Look at the pictures and answer the questions.
1 What do you know about these careers
2 What famous scientists can you name in these fields
Activity 4
Look at the pictures and answer the questions.
1 What do you know about these careers
A physicist is a person who does research connected with physics or who studies physics.
A mathematician is a person who is trained in the study of numbers and calculations.
A chemist is a person who does research connected with chemistry or who studies chemistry.
An astronomer is a scientist who studies the stars, planets, and other natural objects in space.
A geographer is a person who studies geography or is an expert in it.
A biologist is a person who studies or works in the field of biology.
Activity 5
Complete the introductions about different scientists with the words in Activity 4. Pay attention to the language that describes their careers.
Guo Shoujing (1231—1316) was a famous Chinese 1.__________ of the Yuan Dynasty. He invented twelve new instruments to study stars and planets. He also developed a calendar which is as accurate as the Gregorian calendar. A mountain on the Moon and a minor planet are named after him.
astronomer
Activity 5
Complete the introductions about different scientists with the words in Activity 4. Pay attention to the language that describes their careers.
British 2.____________ Charles Darwin (1809—1882) is best known for his work On the Origin of Species, in which he explains changes in species due to natural selection. His ideas deeply influence our understanding of the relationship between humans and nature.
biologist
Activity 5
Complete the introductions about different scientists with the words in Activity 4. Pay attention to the language that describes their careers.
Li Daoyuan (ca 466—527) was a famous writer and 3.________________ of the Northern Wei Dynasty. He did field research across China and studied more than a thousand rivers and streams, along with the landscape, history and culture of the surrounding areas.
geographer
Activity 5
Complete the introductions about different scientists with the words in Activity 4. Pay attention to the language that describes their careers.
Marie Curie (1867—1934) was a world-famous 4._____________, and was first awarded the Nobel Prize in 1903 for her extraordinary work on radioactivity. She was also regarded as a brilliant 5.____________, and was again awarded the Nobel Prize in 1911 for the isolation of pure radium.
geographer
chemist
Activity 5
Complete the introductions about different scientists with the words in Activity 4. Pay attention to the language that describes their careers.
Chen Jingrun (1933—1996) was one of the world's leading 6._____________. His work on Chen's Theorem made an important advance towards proving Goldbach's Conjecture, the greatest unsolved problem in number theory.
mathematicians
Activity 6
Work in pairs. Think about other careers in science and discuss what interests you most.
生态学家 ecologist
社会学家 sociologist
心理学家 psychologist
计算机学家 computer scientist
……
I’m interested in the work of a(n)…because…
Have you ever thought about inventing something
Have you ever thought about inventing something for some patients
Activity 7
Listen to the conversation and number the pictures in the correct order.
1
2
3
4
5
Activity 8
Listen again and complete the notes.
a pair of socks designed for people
with Alzheimer's disease
a student from New York
His grandfather
A warning
gets out of bed
Activity 9
Work in pairs. Act out the conversation about the invention of the telephone.
student A
You are going to give a presentation about the invention of the telephone. As part of your research, you speak to Student B who has just read a book about it. Ask him / her questions to find out more information. Information you'd like to know:
the inventor
year of invention
the inventing process
the first phone call
other interesting things about the invention
Activity 9
Work in pairs. Act out the conversation about the invention of the telephone.
student B
You've just read a book about the invention of the telephone. Student A, who is going to give a presentation on the same topic, asks you for information.
Inventor: Alexander Graham Bell
Invention created in: 1876
Background: Bell was a teacher at a school for the deaf. He tried to invent a machine to send messages over an electronic wire. This eventually led to the idea of a telephone. Later, with his assistant, he created a device to produce and receive sound waves using electrical signals.
First phone call: On 10 March 1876, Bell made the first clear and complete phone call to his assistant, saying, “Mr Watson–come here–I want to see you.”
Other information: Bell never had a telephone in his study, where he wanted to be alone with his thoughts and work.
3
Vocabulary
beyond prep. 超出…范围；超越；adv. 在远处；在更远处
例句：The task is beyond my ability. 这项任务超出了我的能力范围。
We could see the ship sailing beyond. 我们能看到那艘船驶向远方。
beyond one's control 超出某人的控制范围
例句：The weather is beyond our control. 天气是我们无法控制的。
beyond expectation 超出预期
例句：His performance in the exam was beyond expectation.
他的考试成绩超出了预期。
语法注意：作介词时，后接名词、代词或动名词，不可直接接不定式；表示 “超出…范围” 时，常见搭配有 beyond one's ability/power/understanding。
语用场景：常用于议论文强调观点、记叙文描写场景、说明文表达程度，是书面表达中替代 more than 的高级词汇，如 beyond imagination比 more than imagination 更正式、更具文采。
significant adj.重要的；影响深远的
例句：The discovery made a significant contribution to medical research.
这项发现对医学研究做出了重要贡献。
The new policy will have a significant impact on environmental
protection. 这项新政策将对环保产生深远影响。
significance n. 重要性，重大意义
be of (great) significance/importance to...对……有（重要）意义
attach significance/importance to...认为……重要
例句：Reading is of great significance to personal growth.
阅读对个人成长有重要意义。
significantly adv.显著地；有重大意义地
例句：The number of online shoppers has increased significantly in recent
years. 近年来，网购者的数量显著增长。
mental adj.精神的；精神健康的；脑力的；心理的
例句：We should pay more attention to our mental health in modern life.
在现代生活中，我们应该更关注心理健康。
Chess is a game that requires great mental effort.
国际象棋是一项需要巨大脑力的运动。
mentally adv. 精神上；智力上；心理上
例句：She remained calm mentally even when facing great pressure.
即使面临巨大压力，她在心理上依然保持冷静。
physical adj. 身体的；物理的
physically adv. 身体上
cure n.药剂；治愈；疗法 v.治愈；治疗
例句：There is no known cure for the rare disease.
这种罕见病目前尚无已知疗法。
The doctor cured him of his cold with a simple prescription.
医生用简单的药方治好了他的感冒。
a cure for... 医治……的疗法
例句：Is there an effective cure for the common cold
有没有治疗普通感冒的有效疗法？
cure sb of... 治愈某人的疾病；改掉某人的坏习惯
例句：The advanced surgery cured him of his heart disease.
先进的手术治愈了他的心脏病。
4
Homework
1. Complete the exercises at the end of the class.
2. Preview pages 42 to 48 of Unit 3.
See you in the next class!
Unit 3
The world of science
1
Learning Objectives
2
Using language
3
Vocabulary
4
Homework
1
Learning
Objectives
语言能力
掌握现在完成时的被动语态（have/has been done）的结构与用法，能在语境中正确运用该语法改写句子、描述科技相关现象。
积累科技职业、实验操作等主题词汇，能运用所学词汇介绍科学家及其成就，完成简单的口语表达。
听懂发明相关的听力材料，提取关键信息；能撰写简短实验报告或科技相关短文，做到语法正确、表达连贯。
思维品质
通过分析语法例句中主语与谓语的关系，培养观察、归纳语法规则的逻辑思维能力。
结合 3D 打印技术、实验室场景等语境，思考科技发展的实际应用，提升将语言知识与现实场景结合的具象思维。
在讨论科技职业、发明意义时，多角度表达个人观点，初步形成对科技影响的辩证思考意识。
学习能力
学会通过对比分析、仿写练习等策略，自主探究并巩固语法知识，提升自主学习效率。
能在小组合作中完成角色扮演、话题讨论等任务，提升协作沟通与语言实践能力。
能主动整理单元主题词汇和语法要点，反思自身语言运用中的问题并及时调整学习策略。
文化意识
了解中外不同领域科学家的成就，感受科学探索精神的跨文化共通性。
认识 3D 打印等现代科技对人类生活的影响，拓宽对全球科技发展趋势的认知视野。
尊重不同科技领域的职业价值，树立科学造福人类的正确观念，增强对科技文化的认同感。
Using language
2
Activity 1
Looking at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
What has happened to “you” in sentence (a)
Who has used new inventions to make replacement hearts and bone parts in sentence (b)
People have used 3D printers to make replacement hearts and bone parts.
Someone has asked “you” about the title of your book before.
Activity 1
Looking at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
What is the difference between the two groups of sentences
In the first group, the words in bold show the use of the passive form with the subjects, while in the second group, the words in bold show the use of the active form with the subjects.
Activity 1
Looking at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
Why does the author choose to use the passive form instead of the active form in the reading passage
The author chooses to use the passive form instead of the active form to emphasise what has been done, rather than who or what does the action.
使用被动语态的情况
1. 不知道或不必说出动作的执行者（强调动作承受者）
例句：①The bridge was built in 2020.
（这座桥建于 2020 年。→ 不必说 “谁建的”）
② Many new schools have been set up in rural areas.（农村地区建起了许多新学校。→ 执行者不重要）
高考提示：说明文、新闻报道中高频使用，如介绍科技发明、社会现象时。
2. 强调动作的承受者（需突出主语）
例句：① The prize was won by a 17-year-old student.
（奖项由一名 17 岁学生获得。→ 强调 “17 岁学生”）
② This book is widely read by teenagers.
（这本书被青少年广泛阅读。→ 强调 “这本书”）
高考提示：写作中用于突出核心对象，如议论文论点、记叙文关键人物 / 事件。
3. 动作的执行者是泛指（如 people, someone 等）
例句：① English is spoken all over the world.
（英语在全世界被广泛使用。→ 执行者是 “全世界的人”，泛指）
② The new rule is supposed to be followed by everyone.
（新规定应该被所有人遵守。→ 执行者 “everyone” 泛指）
高考提示：常用于客观事实、普遍规律的描述，适配说明文、议论文。
4. 出于礼貌、委婉或避免提及执行者（语气正式）
例句：① You are requested to arrive on time.
（敬请准时到达。→ 礼貌邀请，避免说 “我们要求你”）
② Mistakes were made in the project.
（项目中出现了一些错误。→ 委婉表达，不直接指责某人）
高考提示：书信、通知、正式演讲等场景高频，如邀请信、倡议书。
5. 科技类、学术类、官方文件等正式语境（客观陈述过程 / 结果）
例句：① The data was collected through experiments.
（数据通过实验收集。→ 学术报告）
② The law was passed by the government last month.
（该法律于上月由政府通过。→ 官方文件）
高考提示：科技类阅读、书面表达（实验报告、议论文论点支撑）中必考点。
6. 为了句子结构平衡（避免主语过长，保持上下文连贯）
例句：① A meeting is planned to be held next Friday.（
计划下周五召开一次会议。→ 避免主语 “to hold a meeting” 过长）
② The problem to be discussed at the meeting was put forward by Tom.
（会议上要讨论的问题是汤姆提出的。→ 定语后置，结构更清晰）
高考提示：写作中优化句式结构的关键用法，避免头重脚轻。
7. 固定搭配或习惯用法（被动形式为固定表达）
例句：① He is known for his honesty.
（他以诚实著称。→ be known for 固定搭配）
② The child is taken care of by his grandparents.
（孩子由祖父母照顾。→ 动词短语的被动形式）
高考提示：重点记忆 “动词 + 介词 / 副词” 短语的被动结构，如 be looked after, be made use of 等。
高考易错点提示
1. 不及物动词（如 happen, appear, occur）无被动语态，如：正确表达 “What happened ”，错误表达 “What was happened ”；
2. 感官动词（如 see, hear, feel）和使役动词（如 make, let）在主动语态中接不带 to 的不定式，被动语态中需加 to，如：主动 “We saw him enter the room” → 被动 “He was seen to enter the room”；
3. 表示 “拥有、适合、容纳” 的动词（如 have, fit, hold）无被动语态，如：正确表达 “The room holds 50 people”，错误表达 “50 people are held by the room”。
Present perfect passive—现在完成时的被动语态
1. 基本概念
现在完成时的被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动性动作对现在造成了影响或结果，主语为动作的承受者，表示“……已经被……”。通常与already, yet, recently, lately, since+从句，so far, in/during/over+一段时间等时间状语连用。
例句：I have met several old friends recently.（我最近遇到了几个老朋友。）
He hasn't replied to my message yet.（他还没回复我的消息。）
2. 构成形式
肯定式：主语+have/has+been+过去分词
例句：These documents have been translated into three foreign languages. 这些文件已被翻译成三种外语。
否定式：主语+have/has not+been+过去分词
例句：The meeting hasn't been arranged because the manager is busy.
会议尚未安排，因为经理很忙。
一般疑问式：Have/Has+主语+been+过去分词
例句：Has the bridge been repaired after the storm
暴风雨后这座桥已被修复了吗？
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+been done
例句：How many trees have been planted in the park so far
到目前为止，公园里已种了多少棵树？
3. 用法
①表示被动的动作在说话前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，通常与 already, yet, never, recently等副词及时间状语 so far, by now, up till now等连用。
例句：The letter has already been sent.
（信已寄出。→ 现在对方可能收到）
This secret has never been told.
（这个秘密从未被泄露。→ 现在仍保密）
So far, 100 books have been collected.
（到目前为止，已收集 100 本书。→ 现在有足够数量）
3. 用法
②表示被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在，并可能继续持续下去，常与for或since等引出的时间状语（从句）连用，或用于how long引出的句子中。
例句：The bridge has been used for 20 years.
（这座桥已被使用 20 年了。）
The library has been closed since last Monday.
（图书馆从上周一起就关闭了。）
How long has this museum been open
（这家博物馆已开放多久了？）
3. 用法
③用在时间状语从句中，表示将来某时已经完成的动作。
例句：Don't leave until the work has been finished.
（工作完成后再离开。）
By the time you arrive, the hall will have been decorated.
（你到的时候，大厅已布置好。）
Before the party starts, all the food will have been prepared.
（派对开始前，所有食物已备好。）
As soon as the plan has been approved, we'll act.
（计划获批后，我们立即行动。）
4. 现在完成时的被动语态要注意的问题
①现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别：一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去，对现在没有影响；而现在完成时的被动语态强调一个过去发生的被动动作对现在造成的结果和影响。
例句：The letter was sent yesterday.
（信是昨天寄的。→ 仅说明过去事实，不涉及现在是否收到）
The letter has been sent.
（信已寄出。→ 现在对方可能收到）
4. 现在完成时的被动语态要注意的问题
②用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时态的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。例句：
正确：When the report has been typed, print it.
（报告打完就打印。）
错误：When the report will have been typed, print it.
正确：If the room has been decorated, we'll move in.
（房间装修好就入住。）
错误：If the room will have been decorated, we'll move in.
4. 现在完成时的被动语态要注意的问题
③有些非延续性动词如finish, buy, start, begin, return, join, marry, open, die等表示的动作很短暂。它们构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能够与表示一段时间的状语连用，如不能与for构成的短语、since构成的短语或引导的句子连用，也不能用于How long... 句型中。若要表达相应的意思，则需要更换动词或时态。例句：
错误：The building has been built since 2019.
（build 为非延续性动词）
正确：The building was built in 2020.（换一般过去时）
Activity 2
Rewrite the underlined parts using the present perfect passive.
Within the next 80 years, our lives may be changed beyond recognition by 3D printing. It has already affected many things in our lives, right down to the food we eat.
For instance, some restaurants in London have served 3D-printed hamburgers to customers.
3D-printed hamburgers have been served to customers in some restaurants in London.
Many things in our lives have already been affected.
Activity 2
Rewrite the underlined parts using the present perfect passive.
But perhaps the most significant success that people have achieved to date is in medicine. They have made human body parts, including a beating heart, with 3D printing technology.
And it is not just humans who are benefiting—in Brazil, people have given a new 3D-printed shell to a turtle injured in a forest fire!
But perhaps the most significant success that has been achieved to date is in medicine. Human body parts, including a beating heart have been made with 3D printing technology.
A new 3D-printed shell has been given to a turtle injured in a forest fire!
Activity 3
Imagine you are Dr Moore. Look at the pictures and tell the police about the damage and loss to your lab. Use the present perfect passive where appropriate.
The lock on the door has been broken.
The window has been broken.
Two laptops have been stolen.
Beakers and test tubes have been destroyed.
The book case has been opened, and some files have been taken away while others have been thrown everywhere.
The robot has been damaged.
Activity 4
Look at the pictures and answer the questions.
1 What do you know about these careers
2 What famous scientists can you name in these fields
Activity 4
Look at the pictures and answer the questions.
1 What do you know about these careers
A physicist is a person who does research connected with physics or who studies physics.
A mathematician is a person who is trained in the study of numbers and calculations.
A chemist is a person who does research connected with chemistry or who studies chemistry.
An astronomer is a scientist who studies the stars, planets, and other natural objects in space.
A geographer is a person who studies geography or is an expert in it.
A biologist is a person who studies or works in the field of biology.
Activity 5
Complete the introductions about different scientists with the words in Activity 4. Pay attention to the language that describes their careers.
Guo Shoujing (1231—1316) was a famous Chinese 1.__________ of the Yuan Dynasty. He invented twelve new instruments to study stars and planets. He also developed a calendar which is as accurate as the Gregorian calendar. A mountain on the Moon and a minor planet are named after him.
astronomer
Activity 5
Complete the introductions about different scientists with the words in Activity 4. Pay attention to the language that describes their careers.
British 2.____________ Charles Darwin (1809—1882) is best known for his work On the Origin of Species, in which he explains changes in species due to natural selection. His ideas deeply influence our understanding of the relationship between humans and nature.
biologist
Activity 5
Complete the introductions about different scientists with the words in Activity 4. Pay attention to the language that describes their careers.
Li Daoyuan (ca 466—527) was a famous writer and 3.________________ of the Northern Wei Dynasty. He did field research across China and studied more than a thousand rivers and streams, along with the landscape, history and culture of the surrounding areas.
geographer
Activity 5
Complete the introductions about different scientists with the words in Activity 4. Pay attention to the language that describes their careers.
Marie Curie (1867—1934) was a world-famous 4._____________, and was first awarded the Nobel Prize in 1903 for her extraordinary work on radioactivity. She was also regarded as a brilliant 5.____________, and was again awarded the Nobel Prize in 1911 for the isolation of pure radium.
geographer
chemist
Activity 5
Complete the introductions about different scientists with the words in Activity 4. Pay attention to the language that describes their careers.
Chen Jingrun (1933—1996) was one of the world's leading 6._____________. His work on Chen's Theorem made an important advance towards proving Goldbach's Conjecture, the greatest unsolved problem in number theory.
mathematicians
Activity 6
Work in pairs. Think about other careers in science and discuss what interests you most.
生态学家 ecologist
社会学家 sociologist
心理学家 psychologist
计算机学家 computer scientist
……
I’m interested in the work of a(n)…because…
Have you ever thought about inventing something
Have you ever thought about inventing something for some patients
Activity 7
Listen to the conversation and number the pictures in the correct order.
1
2
3
4
5
Activity 8
Listen again and complete the notes.
a pair of socks designed for people
with Alzheimer's disease
a student from New York
His grandfather
A warning
gets out of bed
Activity 9
Work in pairs. Act out the conversation about the invention of the telephone.
student A
You are going to give a presentation about the invention of the telephone. As part of your research, you speak to Student B who has just read a book about it. Ask him / her questions to find out more information. Information you'd like to know:
the inventor
year of invention
the inventing process
the first phone call
other interesting things about the invention
Activity 9
Work in pairs. Act out the conversation about the invention of the telephone.
student B
You've just read a book about the invention of the telephone. Student A, who is going to give a presentation on the same topic, asks you for information.
Inventor: Alexander Graham Bell
Invention created in: 1876
Background: Bell was a teacher at a school for the deaf. He tried to invent a machine to send messages over an electronic wire. This eventually led to the idea of a telephone. Later, with his assistant, he created a device to produce and receive sound waves using electrical signals.
First phone call: On 10 March 1876, Bell made the first clear and complete phone call to his assistant, saying, “Mr Watson–come here–I want to see you.”
Other information: Bell never had a telephone in his study, where he wanted to be alone with his thoughts and work.
3
Vocabulary
beyond prep. 超出…范围；超越；adv. 在远处；在更远处
例句：The task is beyond my ability. 这项任务超出了我的能力范围。
We could see the ship sailing beyond. 我们能看到那艘船驶向远方。
beyond one's control 超出某人的控制范围
例句：The weather is beyond our control. 天气是我们无法控制的。
beyond expectation 超出预期
例句：His performance in the exam was beyond expectation.
他的考试成绩超出了预期。
语法注意：作介词时，后接名词、代词或动名词，不可直接接不定式；表示 “超出…范围” 时，常见搭配有 beyond one's ability/power/understanding。
语用场景：常用于议论文强调观点、记叙文描写场景、说明文表达程度，是书面表达中替代 more than 的高级词汇，如 beyond imagination比 more than imagination 更正式、更具文采。
significant adj.重要的；影响深远的
例句：The discovery made a significant contribution to medical research.
这项发现对医学研究做出了重要贡献。
The new policy will have a significant impact on environmental
protection. 这项新政策将对环保产生深远影响。
significance n. 重要性，重大意义
be of (great) significance/importance to...对……有（重要）意义
attach significance/importance to...认为……重要
例句：Reading is of great significance to personal growth.
阅读对个人成长有重要意义。
significantly adv.显著地；有重大意义地
例句：The number of online shoppers has increased significantly in recent
years. 近年来，网购者的数量显著增长。
mental adj.精神的；精神健康的；脑力的；心理的
例句：We should pay more attention to our mental health in modern life.
在现代生活中，我们应该更关注心理健康。
Chess is a game that requires great mental effort.
国际象棋是一项需要巨大脑力的运动。
mentally adv. 精神上；智力上；心理上
例句：She remained calm mentally even when facing great pressure.
即使面临巨大压力，她在心理上依然保持冷静。
physical adj. 身体的；物理的
physically adv. 身体上
cure n.药剂；治愈；疗法 v.治愈；治疗
例句：There is no known cure for the rare disease.
这种罕见病目前尚无已知疗法。
The doctor cured him of his cold with a simple prescription.
医生用简单的药方治好了他的感冒。
a cure for... 医治……的疗法
例句：Is there an effective cure for the common cold
有没有治疗普通感冒的有效疗法？
cure sb of... 治愈某人的疾病；改掉某人的坏习惯
例句：The advanced surgery cured him of his heart disease.
先进的手术治愈了他的心脏病。
4
Homework
1. Complete the exercises at the end of the class.
2. Preview pages 42 to 48 of Unit 3.
See you in the next class!