外研版（2019）必修第三册Unit 6 Disaster and hope Using language课件(共49张PPT)

(共49张PPT)
Unit 6
Disaster and hope
1
Learning Objectives
2
Using language
3
Vocabulary
4
Homework
1
Learning
Objectives
语言能力
掌握与自然灾害、天气预测、救援行动相关的核心词汇和短语，能在口语和写作中准确运用。
理解并归纳省略句的语法规则，能在真实语境中恰当使用省略句提升表达简洁性。
听懂天气预报类语篇并提取关键信息，能完成灾害防范指南、救援场景描述等简短写作。
思维品质
通过分析灾害相关语篇的逻辑结构，培养梳理事件因果关系的逻辑思维能力。
结合动物行为预测灾害、国际救援队行动等素材，发展基于事实的推理与判断能力。
围绕灾害应对话题开展讨论，能从不同角度提出防范建议，培养批判性与创造性思维。
学习能力
学会通过小组合作梳理话题词汇和语法规则，形成个性化的语言知识笔记。
能运用略读、精读等策略处理灾害相关语篇，自主解决阅读中的语言障碍。
结合课堂练习和同伴互评，反思自身语言运用的不足，明确后续提升方向。
文化意识
了解中外在灾害应对、救援行动中的不同实践，理解人类共同的防灾救灾价值追求。
体会灾害场景中展现的勇气、互助等人文精神，增强对生命尊重与责任担当的认知。
认识自然灾害对人类文明的影响，树立全球生态保护意识与人类命运共同体理念。
Using language
2
Activity 1
Look at the sentences from the reading pare them with the following sentences and answer the questions.
What has been left out in sentences (a) and (b)
“Lines” has been left out in sentence (a), and “it is” has been left out in sentence (b).
Why does the author leave them out
The author leaves them out to avoid repeating the word or expression that is too obvious, and to make the sentences more concise.
Ellipsis—省略
一、省略的定义
省略是一种避免重复、保持句子简洁的语法现象。
凡是缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分，在一定语境中能够独立存在，意义明确，并且能发挥交际功能的句子就是省略句。
一般说来，只要不破坏语法结构或者引起歧义，能省略的就应省略。省略不仅使句子结构显得紧凑，而且也是分句和分句之间的承接纽带。
1. 并列句中的省略
一般说来，在后一并列句中凡是与上文相同的成分通常都可省略。
原句：The first team will search for survivors in the east, and the
second team will search for survivors in the west.
省略：The first team will search for survivors in the east, and the second team in the west.
中文释义：第一支队伍将在东部搜救幸存者，第二支在西部。
解析：后一分句省略了与前一分句相同的谓语部分 will search
for survivors。
二、省略的用法
2. 复合句中的省略
（1）定语从句
如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，这个关系代词可以省略。
原句：The emergency supplies that we donated have reached the
disaster area.
省略：The emergency supplies we donated have reached the disaster
area.
中文释义：我们捐赠的应急物资已经运抵灾区。
解析：关系代词 that 在定语从句中作动词 donated 的宾语，可省略。
二、省略的用法
2. 复合句中的省略
（2）状语从句
当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且状语从句中含有be动词时，省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。
原句：When she was trapped in the ruins, the girl kept calm and
waited for rescue.
省略：When trapped in the ruins, the girl kept calm and waited for
rescue. 中文释义：被困在废墟中时，女孩保持镇定等待救援。
解析：从句主语 she 和主句主语 the girl 一致，且从句含 be 动词 was，故省略 she was。
二、省略的用法
2. 复合句中的省略
（3）宾语从句
引导宾语从句的that一般情况下可以省略。that后面的宾语从句较长或其他一些特殊情况下，that不能省略。
①that 可以省略的情况
I think (that) she is right. 我认为她是对的。
They found (that) the shelter was full. 他们发现避难所满了。
②that 不可以省略的情况
I know nothing except that he is a volunteer.
我只知道他是志愿者，其他一无所知。
二、省略的用法
二、省略的用法
2. 复合句中的省略
（4）主语从句
有时整个主句都可省略，只剩下一个从句。这种省略现象通常出现在简短答语中。
原句：It is certain that we will win the fight against the disaster.
省略：(It is certain) That we will win the fight against the disaster.
中文释义：（可以肯定的是）我们一定会打赢这场抗灾之战。
解析：答语中省略主句 It is certain，直接保留主语从句表强调。
原句：It is important that we should prepare emergency kits in advance.
省略：(It is important) That we should prepare emergency kits in advance.
中文释义：（重要的是）我们应该提前准备应急包。
解析：省略主句 It is important，用主语从句直接作答，简洁明了。
二、省略的用法
3. 虚拟语气中的省略
（1）虚拟条件句常省略if，而将were, had, should提前构成部分倒装。
①与过去事实相反
原句：If we had known the earthquake would happen, we would have
moved people to safe places earlier.
倒装句：Had we known the earthquake would happen, we would
have moved people to safe places earlier.
中文释义：要是我们早知道地震会发生，就会更早把人们转移到安全地带了。
解析：省略 if，将助动词 had 提前构成倒装。
二、省略的用法
3. 虚拟语气中的省略
（1）虚拟条件句常省略if，而将were, had, should提前构成部分倒装。
②与现在事实相反
原句：If she were trapped in the flood, she would keep calm and call
for help.
倒装句：Were she trapped in the flood, she would keep calm and
call for help.
中文释义：要是她被困在洪水里，她会保持镇定并呼救。
解析：省略 if，将 be 动词 were 提前构成倒装。
二、省略的用法
3. 虚拟语气中的省略
（1）虚拟条件句常省略if，而将were, had, should提前构成部分倒装。
③与将来事实相反
原句：If a typhoon should hit the coastal area, we would cancel all
outdoor activities immediately.
倒装句：Should a typhoon hit the coastal area, we would cancel all
outdoor activities immediately.
中文释义：要是台风袭击沿海地区，我们会立即取消所有户外活动。
解析：省略 if，将情态动词 should 提前构成倒装。
3. 虚拟语气中的省略
（2）在一坚持(insist)，二命令(order, command)，三建议(suggest, propose, advise)，四要求(demand, require, request, ask)等后的宾语从句中，含这些词的派生词的其他主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句，以及It is strange/natural/necessary/important that. . . 从句中常省略should。
Experts suggest that we (should) prepare emergency kits for natural disasters.
专家建议我们为自然灾害准备应急包。
It is important that we (should) stay calm when facing an earthquake.
面对地震时保持镇定，这一点很重要。
二、省略的用法
4. 动词不定式的省略
（1）有些动词（词组），如want, wish, expect, hope, would like, try, forget等后面的不定式作宾语时，为了避免重复，可以省略动词只保留到to，但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有系动词be和助动词have，这些动词就要保留。
原句：She wanted to join the rescue team, and her brother wanted
to join the rescue team as well.
省略句：She wanted to join the rescue team, and her brother wanted
to as well.
中文释义：她想加入救援队，她的哥哥也想加入。
二、省略的用法
二、省略的用法
4. 动词不定式的省略
（2）两个或两个以上的不定式并列时，第一个带to，后面可以省去to；但如果两个不定式表示对比关系时，则to不可省略。
①并列不定式表顺承，后面省略 to
In an emergency, we need to stay calm and (to) call for help in time.
中文释义：遇到紧急情况时，我们需要保持镇定并及时呼救。
②并列不定式表对比，to 不可省略
The best way to help is to give practical support rather than to make empty promises.
中文释义：最好的帮助方式是提供切实的支援，而非许下空洞的承诺。
4. 动词不定式的省略
（3）感官动词（词组）see, look at, hear, listen to, notice, watch等和使役动词make, let, have等的后面作宾语补足语的不定式要省略to；但此类动词的被动语态中的to不可省略。
She heard the victims call for help in the ruins.
中文释义：她听到废墟里的灾民在呼救。
The officer made the volunteers check all the emergency kits.
中文释义：这名官员让志愿者们检查所有应急包。
The rescue workers were seen to carry supplies to the shelter.
中文释义：有人看见救援人员把物资搬到避难所。
二、省略的用法
4. 动词不定式的省略
（4）在某些句式中，如介词but前有动词do的任何形式，后面的不定式要省略to。
We can do nothing but wait for the rescue team to arrive.
中文释义：我们除了等待救援队到来，别无他法。
解析：介词 but 前有 do 的形式 nothing but，后面的不定式省略 to，直接接动词原形 wait。
补充反例（对比理解）：
如果 but 前没有 do 的任何形式，不定式需保留 to：
They had no choice but to give up the plan temporarily.
中文释义：他们除了暂时放弃计划，别无选择。
二、省略的用法
5. 介词的省略
（1）在英语中一些与动词、名词、形容词搭配的介词常被省略，而只保留后面的动名词，如spend time/money(in)doing sth.；have difficulty/trouble(in)doing sth.；prevent/stop sb. (from)doing sth.。
spend time/money (in) doing sth.
原句：The volunteers spent a lot of time in carrying relief supplies
to remote villages.
省略句：The volunteers spent a lot of time carrying relief supplies
to remote villages.
中文释义：志愿者们花了大量时间把救援物资运往偏远村庄。
二、省略的用法
5. 介词的省略
（2）表示时间的介词at, on和in在next, last, this, each, these, yesterday, every, tomorrow等词之前，一般可省略。
原句：The local government held a disaster prevention meeting on last Friday.
省略句：The local government held a disaster prevention meeting last Friday.
中文释义：当地政府上周五召开了防灾工作会议。
原句：The storm hit the coastal area on yesterday.
省略句：The storm hit the coastal area yesterday.
中文释义：暴风雨昨天袭击了沿海地区。
二、省略的用法
6. 替代性省略
英语中，可以使用so, not或其他手段来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。
①用 so 替代前文的肯定内容
A: Will the relief supplies arrive on time （救援物资会按时到吗？）
B: I hope so.（我希望如此。）
解析：so 替代前文的 the relief supplies will arrive on time，避免重复。
②用 not 替代前文的否定内容
A: Is the situation still dangerous now （现在局势还很危险吗？）
B: I'm afraid not.（恐怕没有了。）
解析：not 替代 the situation is not dangerous now。
二、省略的用法
Activity 2
Read the paragraph and find out what words have been removed before or after the underlined words.
Technology isn't the only way to forecast the weather. Nature has its ways (____________________), too. Unusual animal behavior, for example, can indicate whether it's cold, wet weather that's on the way or a hot, dry period (_________________). If fish are jumping higher than usual or frogs are croaking more loudly (_________), it may rain. And next time you look up at the sky, don't just look for rain clouds, but also (______) for birds.
to forecast the weather
that's on the way
than usual
look
Activity 2
Read the paragraph and find out what words have been removed before or after the underlined words.
If they are flying low, grab your umbrella. It is also said that mice and snakes head for safer ground several days before an earthquake, while dogs avoiding the beach may be a sign that a tsunami is approaching. Of course, although these things may suggest something bad is going to happen, they won't tell us when (______________________________) and where (_____________________________). So, for accurate and reliable predictions, it's best to check an official, scientific report.
something bad is going to happen
something bad is going to happen
Activity 3
Remove words from the news report to make it more concise.
The 8.1-magnitude earthquake that hit Nepal on 25 April 2015, was one of the worst earthquakes in history. On hearing the news, China was quick to start organising emergency aid.
International rescue teams soon began to arrive in the country. Amongst all the international heavy rescue teams, the China International Search and Rescue Team (CISAR) was the first international heavy rescue team to arrive. Consisting of 62 people, it not only included rescuers and medical staff, but also included earthquake experts. By early May, emergency aid worth 9.7 million US dollars had been donated by China, with a further round of emergency aid to follow.
Activity 4
Look at the pictures and answer the questions.
drought
typhoon
blizzard
tsunami
wildfire
avalanche
earthquake
Activity 4
Look at the pictures and answer the questions.
1. Which one do you think is the most dangerous
2. Can you name some big natural disasters in history
I think all of them are dangerous.
The earthquake happened in 2008 in Sichuan, China; the tsunami happened in 2004 in Indonesia.
Activity 5
Complete the reports with the words in Activity 4. Pay attention to the words describing natural disasters.
In August 1949, the Landes region of South-west France faced a major ________ that lasted almost a week. Some 500 km of forested land was burnt and 82 people killed. Even today, it is considered one of Europe's most deadly forest fires.
In 1881, an __________ struck the small Vietnamese city of Haiphong, bringing terrible strong winds. When it hit the coast, huge tidal waves caused severe flood, costing the lives of up to 300,000 citizens.
typhoon
wildfire
Activity 5
Complete the reports with the words in Activity 4. Pay attention to the words describing natural disasters.
In 1960, Chile suffered the strongest ____________ to be recorded in the 20th century. The shock is generally agreed to have had a magnitude of 9.5. It caused a(n) _______ with waves of up to 25 metres affecting places as far away as Hawaii and Japan.
The winter of 1950 to 1951 came to be known as the Winter of Terror when over 600 ___________ struck towns and villages in the mountains of the Swiss-Austrian Alps. Caused by exceptionally heavy snowfall within a short period of time, they destroyed buildings and forests, and claimed over 256 lives.
avalanches
earthquake
tsunami
Activity 5
Complete the reports with the words in Activity 4. Pay attention to the words describing natural disasters.
In July 2011, a(n) __________ struck East Africa. It was said to be the worst in 60 years, and not a single drop of rain fell for almost a whole year. It led to a severe food crisis and threatened the livelihoods of more than 9.5 million people.
A(n) _________ hit Iran in February 1972, causing a week of extremely low temperatures. Winter storms brought as much as 7.9 metres of snow in the south of the country, resulting in the deaths of about 4,000 people.
blizzard
drought
Activity 6
Work in pairs. Talk about a recent natural disaster you have heard about or seen on the news.
Extreme weather conditions
take a look
Activity 7
Listen to the weather forecast and match the weather symbols to the locations on the map.
c
e
d
a
b
When listening to a weather forecast, pay attention to the following information:
temperature levels
descriptions of forthcoming weather conditions
weather warnings
Learning to learn
在收听天气预报时，请注意以下信息：
温度水平
对未来天气情况的描述
天气警告
Activity 8
Listen again and complete the form.
Anchorage You will need _________________.
Temperatures will stay around ______℃.
Phoenix Temperatures are really high and it's probably hot enough to ____________________.
Be sure to __________________ if you or others have symptoms of heatstroke.
Houston It's _________ season and there will be a big one across the Atlantic.
Stay ___________ and listen out for the latest forecasts.
Washington, DC Temperatures are going to stay around _______℃.
Don’t drive __________________!
San Francisco Temperatures are going to be around ______℃.
People are suffering from __________, which are causing damage and loss.
warm clothes
-15
fry meat on the road
get medical attention
hurricane
safe indoors
13
through floodwaters
25
wildfires
Activity 9
Work in pairs. Act out the conversation to talk about an extreme weather condition.
how long the rainstorms have lasted
the effect of the rainstorms on his / her city
how to cope during rainstorms and floods
what you can do to help
how the weather has changed over recent years
student A
You learn from a TV report that Student B's city has been suffering from rainstorms and floods. Call Student B to check if he / she is safe and ask about the weather. Information you'd like to know:
Activity 9
Work in pairs. Act out the conversation to talk about an extreme weather condition.
student B
Your city has been suffering from rainstorms and floods. Student A calls you to check you are safe and ask about the weather. Give him / her the information.
Duration: about five days
Effect: no electricity; shortage of food and drinking water; damage to property
Points for attention: stay away from fallen power lines, particularly in or near water; move to higher ground, away from the flow of water
Things to help: make a donation; volunteer to help people in need; share knowledge on how to prevent disease
Changes to the weather: more frequent extreme weather conditions; more severe rainstorms and floods
3
Vocabulary
reliable adj.可信赖的，可靠的
例句：John is a reliable teammate—he never lets us down.
约翰是个可靠的队友，他从不辜负我们。
rely on sb to do sth 依靠某人做某事
例句：We can rely on the volunteers to provide food and water for the disaster
victims. 我们可以依靠志愿者为灾民提供食物和水。
rely on (doing) sth 依赖/信任/指望……
例句：Many remote areas rely on solar power to meet their daily electricity
needs. 许多偏远地区依赖太阳能来满足日常用电需求。
rely on it that... 相信……，指望……
例句：We rely on it that our team will win the area's disaster prevention and
recovery competition. 我们相信我们队会赢得这场地区防灾减灾竞赛。
threaten v. 威胁到，危及
例句：Pollution threatens the survival of many rare animals in the wild.
污染危及野外许多珍稀动物的生存。
threaten to do sth
例句：The boss threatened to fire her if she didn't finish the task on time.
老板威胁说，要是她没按时完成任务就解雇她。
threaten sb with sth
例句：The robber threatened the shopkeeper with a gun and asked for money.
劫匪用枪威胁店主，索要钱财。
threaten that 从句
例句：He threatened that he would expose the truth if they didn't apologize.
他威胁说，要是他们不道歉，他就把真相公之于众。
on the way 在途中；即将到来
①表 “在途中”后接目的地时，需搭配介词 to，后接地点名词；若目的地为 home/here/there 等地点副词，则省略 to。
例句：She is on the way to the airport to pick up the rescue team.
她正在去机场接救援队的路上。
②表 “即将到来”常用于 be on the way 结构，主语多为抽象事物（如机会、变化、灾难等），可与 be coming 互换。
例句：A new policy on disaster prevention is on the way.
一项新的防灾政策即将出台。
③引申用法：on one's way to doing sth表示 “即将做成某事；在通往…… 的道路上”，后接动名词。
例句：The city is on its way to rebuilding the damaged houses.
这座城市正在逐步重建受损房屋。
④使用注意事项：
区分易混淆短语：不要和 in the way（挡路；碍事）、by the way（顺便说一下）混淆。
例句：The fallen trees are in the way of the rescue vehicles.
倒下的树木挡住了救援车辆的去路。
不要和 on the way 表 “在途中” 的用法混用。介词 to 的省略规则只有当后面接 home/here/there 时，才省略 to；接其他地点名词时必须加 to。
正确：on the way to school 错误：on the way school
⑤时态搭配：表 “在途中” 时常用现在进行时（be + doing）；表 “即将到来” 时常用一般现在时（be + on the way）。
consist of 由……组成
①基本含义：表示 “由…… 组成；由…… 构成”，侧重于客观说明事物的组成成分，主语为整体，宾语为构成整体的部分。
例句： The rescue team consists of doctors, soldiers and volunteers.
这支救援队由医生、军人和志愿者组成。
②常见句式：常用主动语态，不用于被动语态，也不用于进行时态，常见结构为 sth. consists of sb./sth.。
例句：The emergency kit consists of a first - aid box, a flashlight and some
bottled water. 急救包包含一个急救箱、一个手电筒和若干瓶装水。
③同义替换拓展：可与 be made up of 互换；区别于 be composed of（更正式，多用于书面语）。
例句：The committee consists of five experts. = The committee is made up of
five experts. 该委员会由五名专家组成。
④使用注意事项
语态与时态禁忌：这个短语没有被动形式，不能说 is consisted of；也不能用于进行时，不能说 is consisting of。
正确：The class consists of 40 students.
错误：The class is consisted of 40 students.
主语与宾语的逻辑关系主语必须是整体，宾语必须是部分，不能颠倒顺序。
正确：A book consists of several chapters.
错误：Several chapters consist of a book.
⑤与形近短语的区分
consist in：意为 “在于；存在于”，后接抽象名词。
例句：The success of disaster relief consists in timely response.
救灾的成功在于及时地响应。
consist with：意为 “与…… 一致；符合”，用法较正式。
例句：His actions consist with his words. 他言行一致。
up to 多达，直到，胜任，由……做决定
①表示数量、程度的上限，意为 “多达；高达；直到”后接具体数字，可用于描述时间、数量、年龄等。
例句：The rescue team can help up to 500 disaster victims a day.
救援队一天最多能帮助 500 名灾民。
②表示 “忙于；从事于”常用于口语，结构为 be up to sth.，多指做不太好或调皮的事。
例句：The kids are very quiet—what are they up to
孩子们特别安静，他们在捣什么鬼？
③表示 “由…… 决定；取决于”结构为 be up to sb. (to do sth.)，强调某人的责任或选择权。
例句：It's up to the government to take measures to prevent natural disasters.
采取措施防灾是政府的责任。
④表示 “胜任；适合”常用于否定句或疑问句，结构为 be up to sth.。
例句：He is not up to this challenging rescue task.
他胜任不了这项有挑战性的救援任务。
⑤不同用法的搭配差异：表 “多达” 时，后接具体数字，不能接抽象名词；表 “忙于” 时，多用于口语场景，且常隐含 “搞小动作” 的意味；表 “取决于” 时，必须搭配 sb.，不能直接接事物。
⑥同义短语区分：up to（数量上限）≠ as many as：前者更口语化，后者可用于书面和口语；be up to sb. ≠ depend on sb.：前者侧重 “责任或选择权”，后者侧重 “客观条件依赖”。
⑦句式注意：表 “由…… 决定” 时，可转换为 It's up to sb. to do sth.，不能说 It's up to sb. doing sth.。
正确：It's up to us to help those in need.
错误：It's up to us helping those in need.
4
Homework
1. Complete the exercises at the end of the class.
2. Preview pages 90 to 96 of Unit 6.
See you in the next class!