外研版（2019）选择性必修第三册Unit 5 Learning from nature Using Language课件(共56张PPT，内镶嵌视频)

(共56张PPT)
Unit 5
Learning from nature
Using language
Learning Objectives
PART. 01
Understand the daily study and life of British middle school students by watching videos. Based on your own daily study and life, compare the study and life in Chinese and British schools, and find out the similarities and differences between the two. Talk about your first impression of high school life, and have a preliminary perception of the study and life in the senior high school stage.
Learning Objectives
Master non-finite forms as subject, object and predicative, and use biomimicry-related vocabulary to express ideas. Understand conversations about Wu Qin Xi, discuss nature/animal-inspired innovations in pairs, and express views clearly.
Explore Chinese cultural elements and global biomimicry practices, understanding how nature inspires human culture, technology, and traditions across contexts.
Break down non-finite form functions, dissect how nature (animals, seasons) inspires human creations (architecture, martial arts). Propose new nature-inspired innovations and imagine their uses.
Work in pairs to discuss nature-inspired topics, share biomimicry examples, and peer-review writings, learning from peers’ insights. Practice non-finite forms and research nature-inspired designs, taking ownership of learning.
Understand the daily study and life of British middle school students by watching videos. Based on your own daily study and life, compare the study and life in Chinese and British schools, and find out the similarities and differences between the two. Talk about your first impression of high school life, and have a preliminary perception of the study and life in the senior high school stage.
Teaching Focuses and Anticipated Difficulties
Master non-finite forms as subject, object and predicative, use biomimicry vocabulary to express ideas, understand Wu Qin Xi conversations, and discuss nature-inspired innovations in pairs.
Breaking down non-finite form functions and how nature inspires human creations, and proposing original nature-inspired innovations with their possible uses.
Grammar
PART. 02
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
1. Look at the “to do” structures in sentences (a) and (b). Do they serve the same function in each sentence
No, they don’t. “To explore” in sentence (a) serves as object and “to float” in sentence (b) serves as predicative.
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
2. In sentence (c), is the -ed form used as an adjective or a past participle Why does the author use the -ed form other than the -ing form
The -ed form is used as an adjective. The author wants to describe the visitors’ feeling, so the -ed form is used.
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
3. What is the function of the -ing form in sentence (d)
The -ing form is used as subject.
non-finite forms as subject, object and predicative
一、非谓语动词概述
非谓语动词，又叫非限定动词，共有三类：不定式、分词（现在分词、过去分词）和动名词。
非谓语动词在句中不可单独作谓语，不受主语的人称和数的限制，它在句中可以用作其他成分，如主语、宾语、表语等。
二、非谓语动词形式
不定式 现在分词 过去分词
一般式 to do doing done
一般被动式 to be done being done 无
完成式 to have done having done 无
被动完成式 to have been done having been done 无
三、动词-ing形式与不定式作主语
1. 动词-ing形式作主语
（1）动词-ing形式作主语，动词-ing 形式有名词的特征。
Dancing is a fun way to relax on weekends. 跳舞是周末放松的有趣方式。
Hiking is a wonderful way to explore nature. 徒步旅行是探索自然的好方式。
（2）动词-ing 形式作主语，有时也可用“It is...+动词-ing 形式”结构。it作形式主语时把动词-ing 形式（真实主语）置于句子后部作后置主语，多见于某些形容词及名词之后。
It’s no good complaining about the problem without trying to solve it.
只抱怨问题却不尝试解决是没有用的。
（3）当句型 There is no...表示“不允许、禁止某种行为的发生或存在”时，需用动词-ing形式作主语。
There is no lying in a court of law.
法庭上不容许说谎。
There is no littering in the historical museum.
历史博物馆内禁止乱扔垃圾。
（4）用于布告形式的省略结构中。
No parking. = No parking is allowed (in this area).
禁止停车。
（5）动词-ing 形式作主语的主谓一致
①单个动词-ing 形式作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
Being responsible is the key to gaining trust.
有责任心是获得信任的关键。
Fixing a broken friendship requires patience and understanding.
修复一段破裂的友谊需要耐心和理解。
②两个或两个以上表达不同意义的动词-ing 形式主语，谓语动词用复数形式。
Painting landscapes and playing the guitar are her creative outlets.
画风景画和弹吉他是她释放创造力的方式。
Eating healthy food and exercising daily are essential for a long life.
吃健康食物和每天锻炼对长寿至关重要。
2. 不定式作主语
（1）不定式作主语时，视为单数概念，谓语动词必须用第三人称单数形式。
To master English grammar is very important for senior high students.
掌握英语语法对高中生来说非常重要。
（2）当不定式短语较长时，为避免句子 “头重脚轻”，常用 it 作形式主语，将真正的主语（不定式）后置。常用于以下句式：
It takes sb. some time to do sth.
It is + adj. + for/of sb. to do sth.
It took me two hours to finish my English homework. 我花了两小时完成英语作业。
It is important for us to practice speaking English.
对我们来说，练习英语口语很重要。
3. 动词-ing 形式和不定式作主语的区别
动词-ing 形式和不定式结构都可作主语，表示经常性、习惯性的动作时，一般用动词-ing 形式作主语；表示具体的，特别是将来的动作时，一般用不定式结构。
Reading books is her daily routine.
读书是她的日常习惯。
Running in the morning keeps him energetic.
晨跑让他保持精力充沛。
To complete this project by Friday is challenging.
周五前完成这个项目很有挑战性。
四、动词-ing形式与不定式作宾语
（1）只可使用-ing形式作宾语的动词有：suggest、finish、practise、avoid、miss、delay、like、 enjoy、imagine、deny、admit、consider、escape、risk、mind 等。
（2）只接-ing形式的短语有：be used to、can’t stand、give up、feel like、keep、on、insist on、look forward to、put off、devote to、stick to、object to、be busy、get down to等。
He imagines becoming a famous artist one day.
他想象自己某天成为知名艺术家。
They can’t stand waiting in long lines.
他们受不了排长队。
后接-ing形式的动词和动词短语：
喜欢考虑逃避免 (enjoy, consider, escape, avoid)
停止放弃太冒险 (stop, give up, risk)
介意想象莫推延 (mind, imagine, put off, delay)
要求完成是期盼 (require, finish, look forward to)
建议继续勤练习 (suggest, go on, practise)
不禁原谅要坚持 (can't help, excuse, insist on)
继续介意成功来 (keep on, mind, succeed in)
口诀助记
（3）只可使用 to-infinitive作宾语的动词有：
agree、offer、intend、plan、 demand、 ask、 promise、prepare、decide、refuse、choose、wish、hope、want、expect、 fail、pretend、manage、determine、beg、arrange、claim、 aim、hesitate、threaten 等动词后通常只接不定式作宾语。
She agreed to help her neighbor with the gardening.
她同意帮邻居做园艺活儿。
The workers demanded to get a fair salary increase.
工人们要求获得合理的工资涨幅。
They prepared to welcome the important guests from abroad.
他们准备迎接来自国外的重要宾客。
只可使用 to-infinitive 作宾语的动词：
三个希望两答应 (hope, wish, want, agree, promise)
两个要求莫拒绝 (demand, ask, refuse)
设法学会做决定 (manage, learn, decide)
不要假装在选择 (pretend, choose)
注意：如果动词不定式作宾语，而其后有补足语时则常用形式宾语 it， 而把动词不定式放在补足语之后。
口诀助记
（4）既可接-ing 形式，又可接 to-infinitive 作宾语的动词有：
start、begin、continue、like、love、hate 等，意思基本没有区别。
love、like和 hate 接动名词表示长久的规律性的好恶；接不定式表示一时的、个别性的好恶。
He continued working/to work on the project despite the heavy rain.
尽管下着大雨，他仍继续做这个项目。
She started learning/to learn Japanese after watching an anime.
她看了一部动漫后，开始学日语。
They love travelling around the world during holidays.
他们热爱假期时环游世界。（是长期热衷的事）
He loves to read this new novel tonight.
他今晚想读这本新小说。（是当下的意愿）
（5）下列动词和动词词组既可以跟-ing形式作宾语，也可以跟 to-infinitive 作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意：
(1) remember to do sth 记住要做某事(做)
remember doing sth 记得做过某事(已做)
(2) forget to do sth 忘记要做某事(未做)
forget doing sth 忘记做过某事(已做)
(3) regret to do sth 对将做的事感到抱歉(未做)
regret doing sth 后悔做过某事(已做)
(4) try to do sth 试图/努力做某事(但不一定成功)
try doing sth 试着做某事(只是试试)
(5) mean to do sth 打算/想要做某事
mean doing sth 意味着做某事
(6) stop to do sth 停下(别的事情)去做某事
stop doing sth 停止做某事
(7) go on to do sth 接着做(另一件事)
go on doing sth 继续做(原来的事)
(8) can't help(to) do sth 不能帮忙做某事
can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事
（6）allow、advise、forbid、permit、encourage等动词后面可接-ing形式作宾语，但有名词或代词作宾语时，则接不定式作宾语补足语。
The library forbids talking loudly.
图书馆禁止大声喧哗。
The teacher forbids students to use mobile phones in class.
老师禁止学生课堂上用手机。
This park permits camping in designated areas.
这座公园允许在指定区域露营。
The manager permits employees to work from home on Fridays.
经理允许员工周五居家办公。
（7）动词 need、require、want 表示主语需要被做某种处理时，其后必须用-ing 的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语，表示事情需要做。这时-ing的主动形式表示被动意义。be worth 后必须用-ing 的主动形式表示被动意义。
want/need/require to do sth (主语)想要/需要做某事
want/need/require doing sth (不用被动，以物作主语) 需要做
The old car wants repairing/to be repaired.
这辆旧车需要修理了。
That classic novel is worth reading again.
那本经典小说值得再读一遍。
（8）在一些动词之后，可以在连接代词（what, who, which）或连接副词（how, when, where）及连词whether后面接一个带to的不定式。我们可以将这种结构看成是连词引导的宾语从句的简略形式。
She doesn’t know what to do next. (=She doesn’t know what she should do next.)
她不知道接下来她应该做什么。
I wonder whether to accept the invitation. (=I wonder whether I should accept the invitation.)
我在犹豫是否要接受这份邀请。
Can you tell me where to find the school library (=Can you tell me where I can find the school library ) 你能告诉我去哪里找学校图书馆吗？
五、非谓语动词作表语
1. 动词-ing形式作表语
动词的-ing 形式作表语用来说明主语的内容。一般用来表示主语的某种性质和状态，当与主语是同一概念的时候，主语与表语的位置可以互换。此外，还要注意主语与表语的一致性。
Her lifelong passion is dancing. 她毕生的热爱是跳舞。
（一般来说，表示比较抽象、一般的行为时多用动词的-ing形式作表语；表示具体某次动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用不定式作表语。有时两者都可以用，没有什么差别。）
What the city needs is improving public transportation. = What the city needs is to improve public transportation. 这座城市需要的是改善公共交通。
2. 不定式作表语
不定式作表语可以说明主语的具体内容，也可表示将来的动作。在表示“目的，愿望不定式作表，梦想，需求”等的名词作主语时其表语应该用不定式。
The team’s mission is to win the championship fairly, not to cheat for victory.
团队的使命是公平赢得冠军，而非靠作弊取胜。
（当动词的不定式用作表语时，其中的 to原则上是不能省略的。但也有特殊情况，当主语部分有动词 do的某种形式时，用作表语的不定式可以省略 to。）
All I need to do is submit the application online. 我要做的就是在线提交申请。
3. 动词的-ed 形式作表语
过去分词作表语时，总是在系动词 be、appear、look、remain、feel、get 等之后，构成系表结构，表示主语所处状态或感受，主语多为人。分词所表示的动作与句子的主语构成动宾结构关系。
The old house is beautifully preserved. 这座老房子保存得很漂亮。
（动词的-ed形式作表语与被动语态的区别：动的-ed 形式作表语表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示主语所承受的动作。）
The door remained locked.（门一直锁着，表状态 ）
The door was locked by the caretaker.（门被管理员锁了，强调动作 ）
4. 动词的不定式和动词的-ing 形式作表语的区别
动词的不定式作表语强调的是一次性、具体的、将要发生的动作；动词的-ing形式作表语强调的是一般性、抽象的、经常发生的动作。
My task today is to finish this report.
我今天的任务是完成这份报告。→（一次性、具体的今日任务）
Her career is designing websites. 她的职业是设计网站。→（长期、抽象的职业内容）
5. 动词的-ing 和-ed 形式作表语的区别
-ing形式说明主语的特征，-ed形式说明主语的状态。
That movie is boring. 那部电影很无聊。→（说明电影 “令人无聊” 的特征）
I felt bored during the movie. 看电影时我觉得无聊。→（说明 “我” 处于 “无聊” 的状态）
6. 动词的不定式作表语和不定式表示将来时的区别
不定式作表语用于说明主语“是什么”，和主语之间是可以画等号的，不定式用来表示将来时态时，表示主语即将要执行的动作，和主语之间是不能画等号的。
What the team proposes is to launch a new marketing campaign.
团队提议的是推出新的营销活动。→（表语 “to launch...” 说明主语 “提议内容
是什么” ，主表可划等号）
The project manager is to present the plan at tomorrow’s meeting.
项目经理即将在明天的会议上汇报方案。→（不定式 “to present...” 表主语 “即
将执行的动作” ，主表不能划等号 ）
7. 动词的-ing 形式(动名词/现在分词)作表语和用于进行时的区别
动名词作表语说明主语“是什么”，现在分词作表语说明主语的特征。动词的-ing形式用于正在进行时，说明主语正在执行的动作。
My job is designing creative advertisements.
我的工作是设计创意广告。→（动名词 “designing...” 说明主语 “工作内容是什
么” ，表抽象、长期的职业本质）
The team is solving a critical technical problem.
团队正在解决一个关键技术问题。→（进行时 “is solving...” 说明主语 “正在执
行的紧急动作” ，表当下行为 ）
8. 动词的-ed 形式作表语和用于被动语态的区别
动词的-ed 形式作表语说明主语所处的状态。用于被动语态说明主语所承受的动作。
She was delighted by the surprise party.
她因惊喜派对而感到开心。→ -ed 形式 “delighted” 说明主语 “她” 所处的情感状态 —— 开心）
He was praised by the teacher for his hard work.
他因努力学习被老师表扬了。→ -ed 形式 “praised” 用于被动语态，说明主语 “他” 承受的动作 —— 被表扬）
What / That is certain is that comedians often use comedy to help them understand themselves and the world. In fact, comedy is a very serious job indeed!
Complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1 _________ (draw) inspiration from nature is a tradition that goes back centuries. Nowhere is this better illustrated than in the beautiful Lingering Garden of Suzhou. The main principle of its design is 2 ___________________ (recreate) natural landscapes in miniature. First established in the Ming Dynasty, the original garden contained a rockery to symbolise Tiantai Mountain. Pine and bamboo groves were added later, along with a pond and an island. Visitors would be 3 __________ (astonish) to find the garden modeled closely on natural features. Visitors are also supposed 4 _________ (explore) it scene-by-scene. This could vary from a view of a pond and the splashing of fish, to a tree in blossom, a pagoda or a moon-shaped gate.
Drawing
to recreate/recreating
astonished
to explore
What / That is certain is that comedians often use comedy to help them understand themselves and the world. In fact, comedy is a very serious job indeed!
Lingering Garden of Suzhou
Occupying an area of 5.8 acres, the Lingering Garden is located outside Changmen Gate in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province. Originally a classical private garden, it is one of the four most famous gardens in China. Possessing typical Qing style, it is well-known for the exquisite beauty of its magnificent halls, and the various sizes, shapes, and colours of the buildings. In 1997, it was recorded on the list of the world heritage by UNESCO.
Read the information below and write a paragraph introducing the 24 Solar Terms with the words in the box. Use the structures you have learnt in this unit where appropriate.
learn determine show amaze use
First term
Beginning of Spring
days become longer and the temperature increases
Cultural heritage
added to UNESCO’s List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2016
Origin
created by farmers in Ancient China
based on Chinese lunar calendar
determined by the changes in the position of the sun
Significance
changes in weather mean a lot to farmers
determine the best time to sow and harvest
wisdom learnt from nature
Learning from nature’s wisdom led farmers in Ancient China to create the 24 Solar Terms...
Learning from nature’s wisdom led farmers in Ancient China to create the 24 Solar Terms, which were based on observation of changes of seasons, astronomy and other natural phenomena. Indicating changes in weather conditions, the 24 Solar Terms remain of particular importance to farmers for guiding their practices. The first term is known as “Beginning of Spring”, and marks when days become longer and the temperature begins to increase. Nowadays, the 24 Solar Terms not only apply to farming but also guide Chinese people in everyday life. So varied are the functions of the Solar Terms and their contributions to cultural identity, that in 2016, they were added to UNESCO’s List of Intangible cultural Heritage.
Read the information below and write a paragraph introducing the 24 Solar Terms with the words in the box. Use the structures you have learnt in this unit where appropriate.
Work in pairs. Talk about one of the Solar Terms using the structures you have learnt in this unit where appropriate.
立春 the Beginning of Spring (1st solar term)
雨水 Rain Water (2nd solar term)
惊蛰 the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term)
春分 the Spring Equinox (4th solar term)
清明 Pure Brightness (5th solar term)
谷雨 Grain Rain (6th solar term)
立夏 the Beginning of Summer (7th solar term)
小满 Lesser Fullness of Grain (8th solar term)
芒种 Grain in Beard (9th solar term)
夏至 the Summer Solstice (10th solar term)
小暑 Lesser Heat (11th solar term)
大暑 Greater Heat (12th solar term)
立秋 the Beginning of Autumn (13th solar term)
处暑 the End of Heat (14th solar term)
白露 White Dew (15th solar term)
秋分 the Autumn Equinox (16th solar term)
寒露 Cold Dew (17th solar term)
霜降 Frost's Descent (18th solar term)
立冬 the Beginning of Winter (19th solar term)
小雪 Lesser Snow (20th solar term)
大雪 Greater Snow (21st solar term)
冬至 the Winter Solstice (22nd solar term)
小寒 Lesser Cold (23rd solar term)
大寒 Greater Cold (24th solar term)
What is biomimicry
Read the passage about biomimicry and answer the questions. Pay attention to the words and expressions in bold.
When solving a design problem, you can sometimes look to nature for a solution. One of the early examples is the study of birds to enable human flight. The Wright brothers got their inspiration from observing pigeons in flight, and in 1903 successfully obtained a patent for their designs for the first aeroplane. This approach, called biomimicry, studies and imitates nature’s designs and processes to seek solutions to human problems. There are many types of biomimicry, among which the most common one is copying form and shape. By imitating the beak of a bird, high speed trains such as China’s CRH trains can be made to run much faster and more quietly. Another type of biomimicry is taking inspiration from the abilities of animals. Inspired by dolphins, people have learnt how to send signals underwater, which is currently employed in tsunami early-warning systems.
Read the passage about biomimicry and answer the questions. Pay attention to the words and expressions in bold.
1. What are the types of biomimicry mentioned in the passage What else do you know about them
One is copying form and shape. Another one is taking inspiration from the abilities of animals.
2. What other examples of biomimicry can you think of Share them with the class.
Radar technology that mimics bat echolocation can be used to detect obstacles and track targets. Swimsuits that mimic the texture of shark skin are called “fast skins,” which reduce current resistance and make swimming faster.
Complete the information with the words and expressions in Activity 5.
taking inspiration from
Copying
observing
inspired by
seeking solutions to
Work in pairs. Talk about in what other ways we can learn from animals. Give examples.
Camels survive in deserts, and penguins thrive in cold climates.
Dolphins use complex sounds to communicate.
Animals use resources efficiently without waste.
Listening
PART. 03
Read the passage and answer the questions.
One of the outstanding features of traditional Chinese martial arts is the way they imitate animal movements. This came about because many Chinese martial artists admired the natural instincts, senses and fighting abilities that animals possess in order to survive in the wild.
The first set of animal-imitating exercises came into being about 2,000 years ago. It was called Wu Qin Xi, or Five-animal Exercises, created by Hua Tuo (ca145–208). As a physician during the Han Dynasty, Hua Tuo is often credited with being the first in China to use anesthesia during surgery. He was known as the best physician of his time, and was an expert in acupuncture.
1. Why were Chinese martial artists inspired by animal movements
Because many Chinese martial artists admired the natural instincts, senses and fighting abilities that animals possess in order to survive in the wild.
2. What were Hua Tuo’s achievements
Hua Tuo created Wu Qin Xi. He was the first physician to use anesthesia during surgery in China. He was known as the best physician of his time and he was an expert in acupuncture.
Listen to the conversation about Wu Qin Xi and tick the topics mentioned by the speakers.
The creator of Wu Qin Xi
Who can practise the exercises
Why these animals were chosen
Physical benefits
Mental benefits
How to teach the exercises
Listen again and complete the introduction to Wu Qin Xi.
identified with a form of exercise
the/their organs to work better
does good to
the heart to work well
Wu Qin Xi was created by Hua Tuo almost 2,000 years ago. It means “Five-animal Exercises”, and each animal is 1 ______________________________. By doing these exercises, people learn from these animals and help 2 ____________________________. For example, the tiger exercise 3 ____________ the liver. The bear exercise helps people with good digestion. The monkey exercise helps 4 ____________________; the 5 ___________ is good for the kidney; and the crane exercise is 6 _______________. Some people believe Wu Qin Xi helps them 7 _______________________. Some of the Wu Qin Xi masters lived to 8 _______________________, and still had good eyesight, hearing and strong teeth. Wu Qin Xi has 9 ______________, too. It can help 10 _____________________________________________.
deer exercise
good for the lung
to live to an advanced age
mental benefits
to relax the mind and improve concentration
more than 90 years of age
Complete the boxes with the expressions from the
conversation.
By..., you learn...
Really
It helps people to...
... is good for...
That’s interesting!
That’s very impressive.
Sounds great!
Talking about benefits
Showing interest
By..., you learn...
It helps people to...
... is good for...
Really
That’s interesting!
That’s very impressive.
Sounds great!
Work in pairs. Think about other exercises inspired by
animals. Discuss how they were created and their benefits, using the words and expressions in this section.
Now think about your performance. How well can you use the language you have learnt to talk about traditional Chinese exercises
Vocabulary
1. employ
employ sb. to do sth. 雇佣某人做某事
employ sb. as... 雇佣某人为……
be employed in (doing) sth 从事于，忙于（做）某事
employee n. 雇员；员工 employer n. 雇主；老板
employment n. 就业 unemployment n. 失业
例题：
The _________ (employ) who won the award has been working in this company for ten years.
employee
Exercise
PART. 04
1. The manager decided to _________ (使用，应用) a new strategy to deal with the increasing market competition.
2. People with rich _________ (智慧) can make sensible decisions and give good advice based on their experience and knowledge.
3. _________ (蜘蛛) can live for several days without food.
4. This echolocation in _________ (蝙蝠) is often compared with radar, the principle of which is similar.
apply
Exercise: 用所给词的适当形式填空
wisdom
Spiders
bats
1. It is clear that the driver is _________ (blame) for the traffic accident, for he ignored the traffic lights.
2. The students expect _____________ (inform) about any changes to the exam schedule at least one week in advance.
3. It’s no good _________ (stay) up late every night, which will take a toll on your health and affect your productivity the next day.
4. The team wasted too much time on unnecessary discussions, which resulted in _________ (leave) with no choice but to work overtime to meet the deadline.
5. Seizing the precious chance enabled him to get _________ (promote) quite easily.
to blame
Exercise: 用所给词的适当形式填空
to be informed
staying
promoted
being left
Summary
PART. 05
Using language
Grammar
Vocabulary
Listening
非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语
非谓语动词概述
非谓语动词形式
动词-ing形式与不定式作主语
非谓语动词作表语
动词-ing形式与不定式作宾语
Homework
PART. 06
Review what you have learnt in this class;
Prepare for the next lesson.
Homework
See you next class!