2026年人教版中考英语复习句子成分和简单句课件

(共41张PPT)
句子成分&
五大基本句型
主语
谓语
宾语
表语
定语
状语
补语
同位语
目录
八大句子成分
五大简单句
“一句话”了解句子成分
I saw my friend, July，
主语
谓语
定语
宾语
同位语
playing in the park，and she was happy
补语
状语
主语
系动词
表语
“一句话”了解句子成分
主语
谓语
定语
宾语
同位语
补语
状语
表语
主干
修饰
“主语”-主角
主语:句子叙述的主体，表示说的是谁或是什么，动作的发出者，被描述的对象。主语一般放句首。
祈使句往往省略主语。
eg：
（You）
Turn on the light.
“主语家族”
The book is new.
名词
He is a student.
代词
Six and two makes eight.
数词
The old like this film.
名词化形容词
“主语家族”
To be a teacher is my dream.
不定式
Getting up early is good for our health.
动名词
What she need is money.
句子
找主语
The earth moves around the sun.
Twenty years is a short time in history.
The young are energetic.
Swimming is interesting.
To make a plan first is a good idea .
He likes singing.
What he wants is a cup of water.
（名词）
（代词）
（数词）
（动名词）
（不定式）
（句子）
(名词化的形容词）
“谓语”-主角发出的动作
谓语:帮助说明主语，表示主语的动作、行为或所处的状态。通常由动词的各种形式或动词短语来充当，并且必须和主语在人称和数上一致
“谓语”-主角发出的动作
She plays chess.
动词
I get up early everyday.
You must obey the rules.
She is a teacher.
动词短语
情态动词+动原
系动词
系动词
be动词
感官系动词：look/feel/sound/taste/smell
变化系动词：become/come/get/grow/turn/go
持续系动词：keep/stay
表象系动词：seem/appear
终止系动词：prove/turn out
找“谓语”
Nina goes to school on foot everyday .
He looks up this word in his dictionary .
You should take an umbrella.
The cake tastes delicious.
（动词）
（动词短语）
（情态动词+动词）
（系动词）
“宾语”-“配角”主语发出动作的承受者
We like animals.
名词
I met him yesterday.
Ten and two makes twelve.
He enjoys playing football.
代词
数词
动名词
She wants to be a teacher.
不定式
She likes to help the old.
名词化的形容词
I want to know who she is.
句子
找“宾语”
July hits the ball.
I love you.
Please give me the third.
He decided to buy a new car.
I suggest staring the work at once .
You can help the poor.
I don’t know whether he wil come tomorrow.
（名词）
（代词）
（数词）
（不定式）
（动名词）
（名词化形容词）
（句子）
“表语”-主语的补语
She is a beautiful girl.
名词
The pen is mine.
He was the first to leave.
This apple tastes delicious.
I am here.
代词
数词
副词
形容词
She is in the classroom.
介词短语
“表语”-主语的补语
My hobby is listening to the music
My dream is to be a teacher.
动名词
不定式
This is why he argues with me.
句子
找“表语”
My father is a doctor.
He is 35，
He is very strict.
Look！He is there.
My job is teaching.
To see is to believe.
The problem is how we can find him.
（名词）
（数词）
（形容词）
（副词）
（动名词）
（不定式）
（句子）
“定语”-人靠“衣”装
定语是限定修饰名词或代词的句子成分
There are four apple tress in the farm.
名词
数词
she is a beautiful girl.
形容词
My son is clever.
代词
The girl here is July.
副词
I want something to drink.
不定式
“定语”-人靠“衣”装
定语是限定修饰名词或代词的句子成分
The singing bird is cute.
现在分词
My son is clever.
代词
I like this swimming pool.
动名词
I want something to drink.
不定式
现在分词VS 动名词
现在分词：
dancing girl 女孩正在跳舞
动名词：
a sleeping bag 睡袋，bag的用途是睡觉
The baby who is eating is my son.
句子
找“定语”
I like the reading room.
I like the story book.
I like the first book.
I like your book.
I like the book there.
I like the book on the shelf.
I like the smiling girl.
I have an letter to write.
He is the teacher who teaches us math.
（名词）
（动名词）
（数词）
（代词）
（副词）
（介词短语）
（现在分词）
（不定式）
（句子）
“状语”-搭“场景”
状：形状；形式；样子；
表示状态；
如：时间，地点，条件，原因，结果，目的，方式等
“状语”-搭“场景”
时间状语
He goes to school everyday.
地点状语
He is sleeping at home.
条件状语
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow，we will go for a picnic.
原因状语
He didn’t go to school yesterday because he was ill.
“状语”-搭“场景”
目的状语
He came to see his friend.
方式状语
He goes to school on foot.
伴随状语
The teacher went into the classroom，followed by 3 students.
程度状语
She runs very fast.
让步状语
Although he is tired，he works hard.
找“状语”
I will call you tomorrow.
I live in Beijing.
If you study hard，you will get good grades.
I was angry because you were late again.
I get up early in order to catch the early bus.
He speaks slowly.
He entered the room，smiling.
She dances very well.
Although it was raining，he goes to school .
（时间状语）
（地点状语）
（条件状语）
（原因状语）
（目的状语）
（方式状语）
（伴随状语）
（程度状语）
（让步状语）
“补语”-宾语补足语
用来补充宾语的结果，程度，趋势，状态，数量等，与宾语一起构成复合宾语。
“补语”-宾语补足语
We call the puppy jelly.
名词
We should keep the room clean.
形容词
Please let the boy in.
副词
“补语”-宾语补足语
I want you to help jack.
不定式
I saw a boy running in the park.
现在分词
She couldn’t make herself understood.
介词短语
过去分词
He found his friend in trouble.
找“补语”
We call the girl July.
They painted the door yellow.
I asked the girl in.
We have invited all the friends to come.
We saw the girls singing in the classroom.
Nobody noticed the office broken into.
She found herself at the foot of the mountain.
（名词）
（形容词）
（副词）
（不定式）
（现在分词）
（过去分词）
（介词短语）
“同位语”-“分身”
对一个名词或代词进行补充解释说明的词。
This is my student， July.
They each can join this team .
We four are good friends.
The news that he will come is true.
名词
代词
数词
句子
同位语与其前面解释说明的名/代词地位平等
找“同位语”
Juy，a teacher，is from China
Taiwan，a part of China，is an island.
I am teaching English，a language.
I like the dog，the white
My sister July lives here.
We Chinese people are brave
Exercise
指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：
1. The pen writes well.
2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question after class.
4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
5. He asked me to sit down.
状语
间宾 直宾
谓语 状语
定语
宾补
五大简单句
主
谓
主
谓
宾
主
系
表
主
谓
间宾
直宾
主
谓
宾
宾补
五大简单句
1.主语+谓语（不及物动词）
2.主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语
3.主语+系动词+表语
4.主语+谓语+宾语（间宾）+宾语（直宾）
5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
主+谓
The boy sleeps.
主语
谓语
表明主语发出了什么动作
不及物动词：
本身意思完整，不需要宾语及补语。
常见的词：
appear apologize
arrive come
die exist
happen
主+谓+宾
I love you.
主语
谓语
后面直接加宾语，意思才完整。
宾语
主+系+表
He is a student.
主语
系动词
表示主语的身份、特征、状态等。
表语
系动词
标准系动词
be
am
is
are
was
were
感官系动词
feel
taste
smell
sound
look
表象系动词
seem
appear
持续系动词
keep
stay
remain
变化系动词
go
get
turn
grow
come
become
主+谓+间宾+直宾
She gave mom a gift.
主语
谓语
间宾
直宾
在这句话里，她“给”的是“礼物”，不是把“妈妈”给出去，因此“a gift ”是直接宾语，“mom”是间接宾语
主+谓+间宾+直宾
双宾：
主语+谓语+间宾+直宾=主语+谓语+直宾+for/to+间宾to：表示方向指向，强调传递 for：表示目的，强调受益
award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. 颁奖给某人
bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人
hand sb. sth. =hand sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人
lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人
mail sb. sth. = mail sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人
offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 将某物给某人
owe sb. sth. = owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物
pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人
pay sb. sth. = pay sth. to sb. 付给某人某物（钱）
post sb. sth. = post sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人
read sb. sth. = read sth. to sb. 把某物读给某人听
return sb.sth. = return sth. to sb. 把某物还给某人
send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人
sell sb. sth. = sell sth. to sb. 把某物卖给某人
serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. 拿某物招待某人
show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 拿某物给某人看
take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb. 把某物拿给某人
teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb. 教某人某物
tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某情况
book sb. sth. = book sth. for sb. 为某人预定某物
buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物
choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb. 为某人选某物
cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb. 为某人煮某物
draw sb. sth. = draw sth. for sb. 为某人画某物
fetch sb. sth. = fetch sth. for sb. 为某人去取某物
find sb. sth. = find sth. for sb. 为某人找到某物
fix sb. sth. = fix sth. for sb. 为某人准备（修理）某物
get sb. sth. = get sth. for sb. 为某人拿来某物
make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 为某人做某物
order sb. sth. = order sth. for sb. 为某人订购某物
pick sb. sth. = pick sth. for sb. 为某人采摘某物
prepare sb. sth. = prepare sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物
save sb. sth. = save sth. for sb. 为某人留某物
sing sb. sth. = sing sth. for sb. 为某人唱某物（歌）
spare sb. sth. = spare sth. for sb. 为某人让出某物
steal sb. sth. = steal sth. for sb. 为某人偷某物
主+谓+宾+宾补
We made the room clean.
主语
谓语
宾语
宾补
在这句话里，只说made the room使这个房间，是不完整的，总得使房间怎么样了，所以要加上后面的补语使句意完整。
主语使/让某人/物如何
主+谓+宾+宾补
主+谓+间宾+直宾
！首先搞清两者结构！
双宾：
主语+谓语+间宾+直宾
主语+谓语+直宾+for/to+间宾
宾补：
主语+谓语+宾+宾补
Eg：
I bought July a pig. （主谓双宾）
我买给July一只小猪。买的是猪（直宾），买给July（间宾）。
I see a pig flying.（主谓宾宾补）
我看到一只小猪在飞。 看的是猪（宾语），飞（宾补)是对猪的状态进行补充。
tips:在双宾和宾宾补之间加上be动词，句意成立便是宾补，不成立则是双宾。
eg：July is a pig. 句意不符 A pig is flying.符合句意。
Exercise
1. What is the sentence pattern of the sentence “We must keep our classroom clean.” A．主谓宾宾补 B．主系表 C．主谓间宾直宾 D．主谓宾
2. Which is the sentence pattern of “Uncle Li bought me a dictionary.”
A．主谓宾 B．主谓间宾直宾 C．主谓 D．主谓宾宾补
3. The sentence structure of "I had little sleep last night. " is________
A．主谓宾 B．主系表 C．主谓间宾直宾 D．主谓直宾间宾
4.The sentence pattern of " I enjoy living in Gansu." is ________.
A．主系表 B．主谓宾C．主谓间宾直宾 D．主谓直宾间宾
5.The boss offered me a job. is ________.
A．主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 B．主谓双宾 C．主系表 D．主谓