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人教必修三Unit 2 Morals and Virtues
七选五专项训练
精练篇
Passage 1………………………………………………1
基础篇
Passage 2………………………………………………6
Passage 3………………………………………………8
Passage 4………………………………………………11
拔高篇
Passage 5………………………………………………13
Passage 6………………………………………………16
Passage 7………………………………………………19
精练篇
Passage 1
Cultivating kindness in daily life is essential for personal growth and interpersonal harmony. 1 It enables us to build warm relationships with others and create a positive social atmosphere.
2 For example, we can observe the emotions of family members, friends or even strangers, and ask if they need help when they look troubled. Ignoring others’ needs will make kindness lose its foundation.
3 Small actions like helping an elderly person cross the road, carrying groceries for neighbors, or volunteering in community service can all show our kindness. These actions not only help those in need but also strengthen our sense of responsibility.
4 Keeping promises, telling the truth to others, and admitting mistakes bravely are all small acts of honesty that are closely linked to kindness. A kind person must first be a trustworthy person.
5 We can praise others’ good deeds, share kind stories with people around us, and encourage them to do good things. In this way, kindness can spread widely and form a positive cycle.
A. Firstly, paying attention to others’ needs is the basic premise of cultivating kindness.
B. Besides, taking the initiative to lend a helping hand is an important way to practice kindness.
C. Kindness is a precious virtue that everyone should possess.
D. In addition, practicing small acts of honesty is closely connected with kindness.
E. Finally, passing on kindness to others can make it spread continuously.
F. Helping others can bring us a sense of satisfaction and happiness.
G. We should always put others’ interests above our own.
答案与解析：
答案：C
解析：承接前文“培养善良品质至关重要”，C项进一步阐释“善良是每个人都应具备的宝贵美德”，既呼应前文核心话题“kindness”，又为后文分述培养路径做铺垫；C项与后文“建立温暖人际关系、营造积极社会氛围”的意义衔接紧密，语义连贯。
答案：A
解析：后文围绕“观察他人情绪、关注他人需求”展开，A项以firstly明确引出“关注他人需求是培养善良的基本前提”这一分论点，核心词“paying attention to others’ needs”与后文内容高度匹配。
答案：B
解析：前文阐述关注他人需求，此处以besides表递进，引出第二个核心路径，B项“主动伸出援手是践行善良的重要方式”与后文“扶老人过马路、帮邻居拎东西”等具体小事的描述衔接自然，核心词“lend a helping hand”前后呼应。
答案：D
解析：后文围绕“信守承诺、坦诚待人、勇于认错”等诚信小事展开，D项以in addition引出第三个路径“践行诚信小事与善良紧密相关”，与后文的具体阐述形成“总-分”逻辑；核心词“small acts of honesty”准确对应后文内容。
答案：E
解析：后文以“赞美善举、分享善意故事”为例，说明传递善意的具体方式，E项以finally引出第四个路径“传递善意能让其持续传播”，核心词“passing on kindness”与后文的例证完全匹配；后文的“In this way”进一步印证E项的观点，逻辑连贯。
一、重要词组拓展
cultivate kindness 培养善良品质
in daily life 在日常生活中
be essential for 对…… 至关重要
personal growth 个人成长
interpersonal harmony 人际和谐
build warm relationships 建立温暖的人际关系
create a positive social atmosphere 营造积极的社会氛围
observe the emotions 观察情绪
look troubled 看起来烦恼；面露愁容
ignore others’ needs 忽视他人的需求
lose its foundation 失去根基
take the initiative to 主动去做……
lend a helping hand 伸出援手
practice kindness 践行善良
help an elderly person cross the road 帮助老人过马路
carry groceries 拎杂货
volunteer in community service 参与社区志愿服务
those in need 有需要的人
strengthen the sense of responsibility 增强责任感
keep promises 信守承诺
tell the truth 说实话
admit mistakes bravely 勇敢承认错误
small acts of honesty 诚信的小事
be closely linked to 与…… 紧密相关
a trustworthy person 一个值得信赖的人
praise others’ good deeds 赞扬他人的善举
spread widely 广泛传播
form a positive cycle 形成良性循环
二、语法重点讲解与例句
1. 动名词作主语
用法解析：动名词（v.-ing 形式）作句子主语时，表抽象、泛指的动作或行为，谓语动词需用单数形式。
语篇原句：Cultivating kindness in daily life is essential for personal growth and interpersonal harmony.
（在日常生活中培养善良品质，对个人成长和人际和谐至关重要。）
Keeping promises, telling the truth to others, and admitting mistakes bravely are all small acts of honesty that are closely linked to kindness.
（信守承诺、坦诚待人、勇敢承认错误，都是与善良紧密相关的诚信小事。）
解析：多个动名词短语并列作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
拓展例句：
Reading more books is a good way to enrich your knowledge.
（多读书是丰富知识的好方法。）
Running in the morning and jogging in the evening are my favorite sports.
（晨跑和夜跑是我最喜欢的运动。）
2. 不定式作后置定语
用法解析：不定式（to do）作后置定语，修饰前面的抽象名词（如 way, premise, method 等），用来解释名词的具体内容，常译为 “…… 的方式 / 前提 / 方法”。
语篇原句：
Firstly, paying attention to others’ needs is the basic premise to cultivate kindness.
（首先，关注他人需求是培养善良品质的基本前提。）
Besides, taking the initiative to lend a helping hand is an important way to practice kindness.
（此外，主动伸出援手是践行善良的重要方式。）
拓展例句：
She has found a good way to solve the problem.
（她找到了一个解决问题的好方法。）
The best chance to learn English well is to practice it every day.
（学好英语的最佳机会就是每天练习。）
3. 介词短语作后置定语
用法解析：介词短语（介词 + 名词 / 动名词）作后置定语，修饰前面的名词，用来限定名词的范围或属性，常译为 “…… 的”。
语篇原句：
Small actions like helping an elderly person cross the road can all show our kindness.
（像帮助老人过马路这样的小事，都能体现我们的善良。）
These are small acts of honesty that are closely linked to kindness.
（这些都是与善良紧密相关的诚信小事。）
拓展例句
The girl in a red dress is my deskmate.
（穿红裙子的女孩是我的同桌。）
I have a great interest in playing basketball.
（我对打篮球有浓厚的兴趣。）
4. that 引导的定语从句
用法解析：关系代词 that 引导限制性定语从句，指代事物（如 actions, acts），在从句中可作主语或宾语。当先行词被 small, all, every 等词修饰时，常用 that 引导定语从句。
语篇原句：
Keeping promises, telling the truth to others, and admitting mistakes bravely are all small acts of honesty that are closely linked to kindness.
（信守承诺、坦诚待人、勇敢承认错误，都是与善良紧密相关的诚信小事。）
解析：that 指代先行词 small acts of honesty，在从句中作主语。
解题技巧总结：
① 抓主旨：先通读语篇，锁定核心话题（如本文“培养善良品质的路径”）和语篇结构（总-分），明确各段分论点方向，排除与主旨无关的选项（如本题中未涉及“牺牲个人利益”的G项）。
② 找衔接：重点关注衔接词（firstly, besides, in addition, finally等），根据逻辑关系（并列、递进）匹配选项，如本题通过“besides”锁定递进关系的B项，通过“finally”判断总结性的E项。
③ 匹配细节：关注核心词复现（如“others’ needs”“helping hand”“honesty”“passing on kindness”）和代词指代（如第1空C项“it”指代前文“cultivating kindness”），确保选项与前后文的细节表述高度契合，避免语义脱节。
初级篇
Passage 2
Famous quotes about virtue are the crystallization of human wisdom and have profound guiding significance for our life. 1 They can inspire us to pursue goodness and improve our moral standards.
2 As the ancient Chinese saying goes, “A person of virtue is respected by all.” This quote tells us that virtue is the foundation of personal charm. People with noble virtues are always welcomed and admired by others.
3 For example, the saying “Honesty is the best policy” reminds us that honesty is a basic virtue. Only by being honest can we gain others’ trust and build long-term relationships.
4 Just as the philosopher said, “Kindness is the light that illuminates the world.” Kindness can warm people’s hearts and make the world a better place. We should always keep kindness in our hearts.
5 By learning and understanding these virtue quotes, we can constantly improve ourselves and become better people.
A. Firstly, virtue is the foundation of personal charm.
B. Secondly, honesty is a basic virtue that everyone should uphold.
C. These quotes cover various aspects of virtue, such as kindness, honesty and integrity.
D. Thirdly, kindness is a precious virtue that can warm the world.
E. Many famous people have expressed their views on virtue through quotes.
F. Virtue quotes can also help us solve problems in daily life.
G. Honesty can help us win more friends and opportunities.
答案与解析：
答案：C
解析：承接前文“美德名言是人类智慧的结晶，具有深刻指导意义”，C项点明“这些名言涵盖美德的多个方面，如善良、诚实和正直”，既解释了美德名言的内容范围，又为后文分述不同美德名言做铺垫；C项中的“These quotes”指代前文“Famous quotes about virtue”，语义衔接紧密。
答案：A
解析：后文围绕“君子德高望重”的名言展开，阐述美德是个人魅力的基础，A项以firstly引出“美德是个人魅力的基础”这一分论点，核心词“personal charm”与后文内容完全匹配。
答案：B
解析：前文介绍美德与个人魅力的关系，此处以secondly表并列递进，引出第二个核心要点，B项“诚实是每个人都应秉持的基本美德”与后文“诚实是最好的策略”的名言及阐释高度契合，核心词“honesty”前后呼应。
答案：D
解析：以thirdly继续并列递进，引出第三个要点，D项“善良是能温暖世界的宝贵美德”与后文“善良是照亮世界的光”的名言及阐释衔接自然，核心词“kindness”准确对应后文内容。
答案： F
解析：与后面“学习理解这些美德名言能帮助我们提升自我”内容相符合。
词汇词组积累
famous quotes - 名人名言
human wisdom - 人类智慧
crystallization of wisdom - 智慧的结晶
guiding significance - 指导意义
moral standards - 道德标准
person of virtue - 有德行的人
personal charm - 个人魅力
noble virtues - 高尚美德
basic virtue - 基本美德
best policy - 最佳策略
others' trust - 他人的信任
long-term relationships - 长期关系
illuminates the world - 照亮世界
warm people's hearts - 温暖人们的心灵
make the world better - 让世界更美好
constantly improve ourselves - 不断提升自我
become better people - 成为更好的人
help us solve problems - 帮助我们解决问题
易混淆词汇辨析
virtue (美德) vs moral (道德的)
honesty (诚实) vs integrity (正直)
inspire (激励) vs encourage (鼓励)
Passage 3
Kindness is contagious and can be passed from one person to another, bringing warmth to the world. 1 Every small act of kindness may start a chain reaction of goodness.
2 On a rainy morning, a young man shared his umbrella with an old lady who forgot to bring one. The old lady was deeply moved and, when she got home, made a cup of hot tea for the delivery boy who was soaked to the skin.
3 A student helped an elderly vendor pick up scattered fruits on the street. Later, this vendor gave a free fruit to a little girl who was crying because she was lost. The little girl’s mother, in turn, helped a neighbor fix a broken window.
4 A kind-hearted person donated books to a rural primary school. Inspired by this, the students in the school started a “book sharing” activity and gave their extra books to children in poorer areas.
5 These stories tell us that kindness is not difficult. As long as we are willing to give a little love, the world will become a better place.
A. The first story happened on a rainy day and warmed two people’s hearts.
B. Another touching story took place on a busy street.
C. Kindness can be passed on in many different scenarios.
D. A story about helping others through book donation also shows the power of kindness.
E. Many people are willing to pass on kindness after receiving it.
F. The delivery boy was very grateful for the old lady’s kindness.
G. Rural children are in great need of books and care.
答案与解析：
答案：C
解析：承接前文“善意具有感染力，能在人与人之间传递”，C项点明“善意可以在多种不同场景中传递”，进一步阐释善意传递的广泛性，与后文多个不同场景的故事衔接紧密；C项中的“many different scenarios”统领后文的雨天、街道、校园等场景，语义连贯。
答案：A
解析：后文围绕“雨天年轻人与老太太共伞”的故事展开，A项明确“第一个故事发生在雨天，温暖了两个人的心”，以顺承逻辑引出首个故事，核心词“on a rainy day”与后文内容匹配。
答案：B
解析：前文介绍雨天故事，此处以顺承逻辑引出第二个故事，B项“另一个感人的故事发生在繁忙的街道上”与后文“学生帮助老年摊贩捡水果”的街道场景高度契合，核心词“on a busy street”前后呼应。
答案：D
解析：前文已介绍雨天、街道两个故事，此处继续顺承引出第三个故事，D项“一个通过捐书帮助他人的故事也展现了善意的力量”与后文“好心人给乡村小学捐书，学生们效仿开展图书分享活动”的具体描述完全匹配；核心词“book donation”准确对应后文内容。
答案：E
解析：“许多人愿意在受到善意后传递善意”与“善意不难，付出一点爱就能让世界更美好”前后内容形成逻辑闭环。
词汇词组积累
is contagious - 具有传染性的
can be passed - 可以被传递
bringing warmth - 带来温暖
start a chain reaction - 开始连锁反应
shared his umbrella - 分享雨伞
forgot to bring - 忘记带
was deeply moved - 被深深感动
made hot tea - 泡热茶
was soaked to the skin - 浑身湿透
helped pick up - 帮助捡起
scattered fruits - 散落的水果
gave a free fruit - 免费给水果
was crying because - 因为... 哭泣
was lost - 迷路了
in turn - 反过来
helped fix - 帮助修理
broken window - 破碎的窗户
donated books - 捐赠书籍
inspired by this - 受此启发
started an activity - 开始活动
gave extra books - 给多余的书
are willing to give - 愿意给予
will become better - 会变得更好
are willing to pass on - 愿意传递
易混淆词汇辨析
contagious (情感传染) vs infectious (疾病传染)
donate (正式捐赠) vs give (普通给予)
rural (乡村的) vs urban (城市的)
Passage 4
Establishing moral norms on campus is crucial for creating a positive learning environment and cultivating students’ good character. 1 It helps students develop good habits and become responsible citizens.
2 For example, students should respect teachers and classmates, listen carefully in class, and not interrupt others’ speeches. Respecting others is the basic requirement of campus moral norms.
3 We should keep the campus clean and tidy, take good care of public facilities such as desks, chairs and books, and not litter or damage public property. Protecting the campus environment is everyone’s responsibility.
4 Schools can carry out moral education activities such as theme classes and virtue lectures, and set up reward systems to encourage students to abide by moral norms. These measures can effectively promote the implementation of campus moral norms.
5 Only by abiding by campus moral norms together can we build a harmonious and positive campus.
A. Firstly, respecting others is an important part of campus moral norms.
B. Secondly, protecting the campus environment and public property is also required.
C. Campus moral norms include many aspects of student behavior.
D. Thirdly, schools should take effective measures to promote the implementation of moral norms.
E. Students should consciously abide by campus moral norms.
F. Respecting teachers can help improve the teaching effect.
G. Damaging public property will bring losses to the school.
答案与解析：
答案：C
解析：承接前文“建立校园道德规范至关重要”，C项具体说明“校园道德规范涵盖学生行为的多个方面”，既呼应前文“建立规范”的核心行为，又为后文分述各规范内容做铺垫；C项中的“many aspects of student behavior”统领后文的尊重他人、保护校园环境等内容，语义衔接紧密。
答案：A
解析：后文围绕“尊重老师同学、课堂认真听讲”展开，A项以firstly引出“尊重他人是校园道德规范的重要部分”，明确分论点，核心词“respecting others”与后文内容完全匹配。
答案：B
解析：前文介绍尊重他人的规范，此处以secondly表并列递进，引出第二个核心规范，B项“保护校园环境和公共财物也是基本要求”与后文“保持校园整洁、爱护桌椅图书”的具体内容高度契合，核心词“protecting the campus environment and public property”前后呼应。
答案：D
解析：前文已介绍两项规范内容，此处以thirdly继续并列递进，引出规范的践行方法，D项“学校应采取有效措施推动道德规范的实施”与后文“开展德育活动、设立奖励机制”的具体措施匹配，核心词“promote the implementation”准确对应后文描述。
答案：E
解析：E选项“大学生应自觉遵守校园道德规范”与后文总结的“共同遵守规范才能建设和谐校园”，想承接，行文逻辑闭环。
词汇词组积累
establishing moral norms - 建立道德规范
creating a positive environment - 创造积极环境
cultivating good character - 培养良好品格
develop good habits - 养成良好习惯
become responsible citizens - 成为负责任的公民
respect teachers and classmates - 尊重老师和同学
listen carefully in class - 课堂上认真听讲
not interrupt others' speeches - 不打断他人发言
keep the campus clean and tidy - 保持校园整洁
take good care of public facilities - 爱护公共设施
not litter or damage - 不乱扔垃圾或损坏
carry out moral education activities - 开展德育活动
set up reward systems - 建立奖励制度
encourage students to abide by - 鼓励学生遵守
effectively promote the implementation - 有效促进实施
abide by moral norms - 遵守道德规范
build a harmonious campus - 建设和谐校园
易混淆词汇辨析
norm (规范) vs standard (标准)
cultivate (培养) vs develop (发展)
abide by (遵守) vs follow (遵循)
高级篇
Passage 5
Virtue is not only a personal quality but also a cornerstone of social harmony, possessing dual significance for personal growth and social development. 1 Its influence can be felt in both individual life and the operation of the whole society.
For personal growth, virtue is the driving force for self-improvement. 2 A person with noble virtues such as honesty, kindness and perseverance is more likely to gain others’ trust, establish good interpersonal relationships, and thus have more opportunities for development. On the contrary, lack of virtue may lead to wrong choices and hinder personal progress.
For social harmony, virtue is an indispensable bond. 3 When most people in a society uphold virtues such as respect, tolerance and mutual assistance, conflicts will be reduced, and people will live in peace and harmony. For example, in communities where residents help each other, the sense of happiness and belonging is significantly enhanced.
4 Some people may think that virtue is outdated in modern society, but in fact, with the development of society, the need for virtue is more urgent. In an era of fierce competition, virtue can help us maintain humanistic care and avoid utilitarian excess.
5 We should inherit and carry forward traditional virtues, integrate them into daily life, and let virtue become the common pursuit of all people, thus promoting personal progress and social prosperity.
A. It helps individuals establish correct values and make rational decisions.
B. Virtue plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining social stability.
C. The dual significance of virtue is reflected in many aspects.
D. However, there are some misunderstandings about virtue in modern society.
E. Social harmony cannot be achieved without the support of virtue.
F. Virtue can also help people adapt to the competitive social environment.
G. Inheriting virtues is the responsibility of every citizen in modern society.
答案与解析：
答案：C
解析：承接前文“美德具有个人与社会双重意义”，C项进一步强调“美德的双重意义体现在多个方面”，与后文分述个人成长和社会和谐的具体作用形成因果逻辑；核心词“dual significance”前后呼应，明确全文论述核心。
答案：A
解析：前文提出“美德是个人成长的动力”，后文阐述“有美德的人更易获得信任、拥有发展机会”，A项补充说明“美德帮助个人树立正确价值观、做出理性决策”，既呼应前文“个人成长”的核心话题，又解释了美德对个人发展的具体作用，与后文形成“总-分-补”逻辑；核心词“individuals”指代前文的“personal growth”，前后呼应。
答案：B
解析：前文提出“美德是社会和谐的纽带”，B项说明“美德在维护社会稳定中发挥不可替代的作用”，解释了美德对社会和谐的核心价值，与后文“秉持美德减少冲突、促进和平共处”的具体描述匹配；核心词“social stability”与“social harmony”语义相近，前后衔接紧密。
答案：D
解析：前文已详细阐述美德对个人和社会的积极意义，此处以however表转折，引出对美德的误解“现代社会美德过时”，与后文“社会发展更需要美德”的反驳形成对比逻辑；衔接词“however”明确转折关系，完善“正面论述-澄清误解”的逻辑层次。
答案：G
解析：总结段强调“传承弘扬美德、推动个人与社会发展”，G项“传承美德是现代社会每个公民的责任”既呼应前文的双重意义，又引出后文“将美德融入生活、成为共同追求”的具体做法；核心词“Inheriting virtues”统领总结段核心行为，语义连贯。
词汇词组积累
personal quality - 个人品质
cornerstone of social harmony - 社会和谐的基石
dual significance - 双重意义
personal growth - 个人成长
social development - 社会发展
driving force - 驱动力
self-improvement - 自我提升
noble virtues - 高尚美德
interpersonal relationships - 人际关系
opportunities for development - 发展机会
wrong choices - 错误选择
personal progress - 个人进步
indispensable bond - 不可或缺的纽带
social harmony - 社会和谐
sense of happiness - 幸福感
sense of belonging - 归属感
fierce competition - 激烈竞争
humanistic care - 人文关怀
utilitarian excess - 功利主义过度
traditional virtues - 传统美德
common pursuit - 共同追求
social prosperity - 社会繁荣
correct values - 正确价值观
rational decisions - 理性决定
social stability - 社会稳定
mutual assistance - 互助
易混淆词汇辨析
virtue (美德) vs morality (道德)
significance (意义) vs importance (重要性)
inherit (继承) vs carry forward (发扬)
Passage 6
In life, we often encounter moral dilemmas that test our values and integrity. When facing such dilemmas, we should adhere to virtue and make the right choices. 1 Wrong choices may bring temporary benefits, but will eventually damage our reputation and moral bottom line.
The first principle of making the right choice in moral dilemmas is to adhere to the bottom line of honesty. 2 For example, when finding a wallet with money, we should return it to the owner instead of taking it for ourselves; when taking an exam, we should not cheat even if there is a chance to do so. Honesty is the foundation of all moral choices.
Secondly, we should consider the impact of our choices on others and society. 3 A moral choice should not only be beneficial to ourselves but also take the interests of others into account. For instance, when choosing a job, we should not take unfair means to compete with others, as this will harm the interests of others and disrupt the social order.
4 We can learn from moral models, read virtue stories, and strengthen our moral cultivation. Only by improving our moral awareness can we make correct judgments when facing dilemmas.
5 In the process of pursuing personal interests, we must not forget moral principles. Only by making moral choices can we gain true respect and achieve long-term development.
A. Adhering to honesty can help us gain long-term trust and respect.
B. To make correct moral choices, we also need to strengthen moral cultivation.
C. Making the right moral choice is crucial for maintaining personal integrity.
D. Considering the interests of others is an important criterion for moral choices.
E. Many people have made wrong choices in moral dilemmas for temporary benefits.
F. Moral models can set a good example for us to make correct choices.
G. The impact of moral choices on society should not be ignored.
答案与解析：
答案：C
解析：承接前文“面对道德困境应坚守美德做出正确抉择”的核心观点，C项进一步强调“做出正确的道德抉择对维护个人诚信至关重要”，与后文“错误抉择损害声誉和道德底线”的正反论证形成因果逻辑；核心词“making the right moral choice”前后呼应，明确抉择的核心价值。
答案：A
解析：前文提出“坚守诚信底线是道德抉择的首要原则”，A项补充说明“坚守诚信能帮助我们获得长期信任和尊重”，具体阐释诚信原则的价值，与后文“归还钱包、考试不作弊”的例证衔接自然；后文例证进一步印证A项的观点，逻辑连贯。
答案：D
解析：前文提出“考虑选择对他人和社会的影响”，D项说明“考虑他人利益是道德抉择的重要标准”，具体阐释抉择的核心依据，与后文“不采用不正当手段竞争”的例证匹配；核心词“consider the interests of others”前后呼应，完善“原则-依据”的逻辑。
答案：B
解析：前文阐述道德抉择的两个原则（坚守诚信、考虑他人利益），此处以递进逻辑引出实践方法，B项“做出正确的道德抉择还需要加强道德修养”与后文“向道德模范学习、阅读美德故事”的具体做法高度契合；核心词“strengthen moral cultivation”前后呼应，明确实践方法的核心。
答案：G
解析：G选项所讲的“道德选择对社会的影响不容忽视”与后文“追求个人利益不应忘记道德原则，道德抉择才能带来真正尊重和长期发展”内容相承接，逻辑闭环。
词汇词组积累
moral dilemmas - 道德困境
values and integrity - 价值观和诚信
temporary benefits - 暂时利益
reputation - 声誉
moral bottom line - 道德底线
bottom line of honesty - 诚实底线
interests of others - 他人利益
social order - 社会秩序
moral models - 道德模范
virtue stories - 美德故事
moral cultivation - 道德修养
moral awareness - 道德意识
personal interests - 个人利益
moral principles - 道德原则
true respect - 真正的尊重
long-term development - 长期发展
personal integrity - 个人诚信
encounter dilemmas - 遇到困境
adhere to virtue - 坚守美德
make choices - 做出选择
damage reputation - 损害声誉
return to owner - 归还给主人
take for ourselves - 据为己有
cheat on exam - 考试作弊
consider impact - 考虑影响
take into account - 考虑，顾及
harm interests - 损害利益
disrupt order - 扰乱秩序
learn from models - 向模范学习
strengthen cultivation - 加强修养
improve awareness - 提高意识
gain respect - 获得尊重
achieve development - 实现发展
易混淆词汇辨析
dilemma (困境) vs difficulty (困难)
integrity (诚信) vs honesty (诚实)
benefit (利益) vs interest (利益)
Passage 7
Virtue culture, as an important part of human civilization, has both commonalities and differences between China and foreign countries. 1 Understanding these commonalities and differences helps promote cross-cultural communication and mutual learning.
2 For example, both Chinese and Western cultures regard kindness, honesty and respect for others as basic virtues. In China, there is the idea of “benevolence”, while in Western culture, there is the concept of “charity”, both of which emphasize caring for others.
3 For instance, in Chinese culture, filial piety is a core virtue that emphasizes respecting and caring for parents and elders. In Western culture, the focus is more on individual independence, and the expression of filial piety is more about respecting parents’ choices rather than blind obedience.
4 In Chinese virtue culture, the sense of collective responsibility is emphasized, and individuals are encouraged to contribute to the family, community and country. In contrast, Western virtue culture pays more attention to individual integrity and the realization of personal value.
5 We should respect the differences and learn from each other’s strengths, so that virtue culture can play a greater role in promoting human progress.
A. The commonalities of Chinese and foreign virtue cultures lie in the recognition of basic good qualities.
B. However, there are obvious differences in the expression and focus of virtue between Chinese and foreign cultures.
C. Filial piety is a unique virtue in Chinese culture.
D. Another difference is reflected in the emphasis on collective and individual interests.
E. Virtue culture varies from country to country due to different historical and cultural backgrounds.
F. Basic virtues such as kindness and honesty are universally recognized in human society.
G. Cross-cultural communication can help promote the development of virtue culture.
答案与解析：
答案：E
解析：承接前文“中外美德文化既有共通之处也有差异”，E项点明“由于历史文化背景不同，各国美德文化存在差异”，既解释了差异产生的原因，又为后文分述共通点与差异点做铺垫；E项中的“Virtue culture varies from country to country”呼应前文的“differences”，语义衔接紧密。
答案：A
解析：后文围绕“中外都将善良、诚实、尊重他人视为基本美德”展开，A项总述“中外美德文化的共通之处在于对基本优良品质的认可”，核心词“commonalities”与后文内容完全匹配。
答案：B
解析：前文介绍中外美德文化的共通之处，此处以however表转折，引出差异点，B项“然而，中外美德的表达和侧重点存在明显差异”与后文“中国强调孝道、西方强调个人独立”的具体差异描述匹配；衔接词“however”明确对比关系，完善“共通-差异”的逻辑层次。
答案：D
解析：前文已介绍孝道表达的差异，此处以并列逻辑引出另一个差异点，D项“另一个差异体现在对集体和个人利益的侧重上”与后文“中国强调集体责任、西方强调个人诚信与价值实现”的具体描述高度契合；核心词“another difference”“collective and individual interests”前后呼应，明确第二个差异的核心。
答案：G
解析：总结段强调“尊重差异、相互学习，让美德文化推动人类进步”，G项“跨文化交流能帮助推动美德文化发展”既呼应前文“了解共通与差异有助于跨文化交流”的观点，又升华了文化交流的意义；核心词“Cross-cultural communication”前后呼应，语义连贯。
词汇词组积累
virtue culture - 美德文化
human civilization - 人类文明
commonalities and differences - 共性与差异
cross-cultural communication - 跨文化交流
mutual learning - 互相学习
basic virtues - 基本美德
Chinese culture - 中国文化
Western culture - 西方文化
idea of benevolence - 仁爱思想
concept of charity - 慈善概念
filial piety - 孝道
core virtue - 核心美德
individual independence - 个人独立
collective responsibility - 集体责任
individual integrity - 个人诚信
personal value - 个人价值
historical backgrounds - 历史背景
cultural backgrounds - 文化背景
易混淆词汇辨析
culture (文化) vs civilization (文明)
commonality (共性) vs similarity (相似性)
benevolence (仁爱) vs charity (慈善)
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)/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
人教必修三Unit 2 Morals and Virtues
七选五专项训练
精练篇
Passage 1………………………………………………1
基础篇
Passage 2………………………………………………5
Passage 3………………………………………………7
Passage 4………………………………………………9
拔高篇
Passage 5………………………………………………10
Passage 6………………………………………………12
Passage 7………………………………………………14
精练篇
Passage 1
Cultivating kindness in daily life is essential for personal growth and interpersonal harmony. 1 It enables us to build warm relationships with others and create a positive social atmosphere.
2 For example, we can observe the emotions of family members, friends or even strangers, and ask if they need help when they look troubled. Ignoring others’ needs will make kindness lose its foundation.
3 Small actions like helping an elderly person cross the road, carrying groceries for neighbors, or volunteering in community service can all show our kindness. These actions not only help those in need but also strengthen our sense of responsibility.
4 Keeping promises, telling the truth to others, and admitting mistakes bravely are all small acts of honesty that are closely linked to kindness. A kind person must first be a trustworthy person.
5 We can praise others’ good deeds, share kind stories with people around us, and encourage them to do good things. In this way, kindness can spread widely and form a positive cycle.
A. Firstly, paying attention to others’ needs is the basic premise of cultivating kindness.
B. Besides, taking the initiative to lend a helping hand is an important way to practice kindness.
C. Kindness is a precious virtue that everyone should possess.
D. In addition, practicing small acts of honesty is closely connected with kindness.
E. Finally, passing on kindness to others can make it spread continuously.
F. Helping others can bring us a sense of satisfaction and happiness.
G. We should always put others’ interests above our own.
一、重要词组拓展
cultivate kindness 培养善良品质
in daily life 在日常生活中
be essential for 对…… 至关重要
personal growth 个人成长
interpersonal harmony 人际和谐
build warm relationships 建立温暖的人际关系
create a positive social atmosphere 营造积极的社会氛围
observe the emotions 观察情绪
look troubled 看起来烦恼；面露愁容
ignore others’ needs 忽视他人的需求
lose its foundation 失去根基
take the initiative to 主动去做……
lend a helping hand 伸出援手
practice kindness 践行善良
help an elderly person cross the road 帮助老人过马路
carry groceries 拎杂货
volunteer in community service 参与社区志愿服务
those in need 有需要的人
strengthen the sense of responsibility 增强责任感
keep promises 信守承诺
tell the truth 说实话
admit mistakes bravely 勇敢承认错误
small acts of honesty 诚信的小事
be closely linked to 与…… 紧密相关
a trustworthy person 一个值得信赖的人
praise others’ good deeds 赞扬他人的善举
spread widely 广泛传播
form a positive cycle 形成良性循环
二、语法重点讲解与例句
1. 动名词作主语
用法解析：动名词（v.-ing 形式）作句子主语时，表抽象、泛指的动作或行为，谓语动词需用单数形式。
语篇原句：Cultivating kindness in daily life is essential for personal growth and interpersonal harmony.
（在日常生活中培养善良品质，对个人成长和人际和谐至关重要。）
Keeping promises, telling the truth to others, and admitting mistakes bravely are all small acts of honesty that are closely linked to kindness.
（信守承诺、坦诚待人、勇敢承认错误，都是与善良紧密相关的诚信小事。）
解析：多个动名词短语并列作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
拓展例句：
Reading more books is a good way to enrich your knowledge.
（多读书是丰富知识的好方法。）
Running in the morning and jogging in the evening are my favorite sports.
（晨跑和夜跑是我最喜欢的运动。）
2. 不定式作后置定语
用法解析：不定式（to do）作后置定语，修饰前面的抽象名词（如 way, premise, method 等），用来解释名词的具体内容，常译为 “…… 的方式 / 前提 / 方法”。
语篇原句：
Firstly, paying attention to others’ needs is the basic premise to cultivate kindness.
（首先，关注他人需求是培养善良品质的基本前提。）
Besides, taking the initiative to lend a helping hand is an important way to practice kindness.
（此外，主动伸出援手是践行善良的重要方式。）
拓展例句：
She has found a good way to solve the problem.
（她找到了一个解决问题的好方法。）
The best chance to learn English well is to practice it every day.
（学好英语的最佳机会就是每天练习。）
3. 介词短语作后置定语
用法解析：介词短语（介词 + 名词 / 动名词）作后置定语，修饰前面的名词，用来限定名词的范围或属性，常译为 “…… 的”。
语篇原句：
Small actions like helping an elderly person cross the road can all show our kindness.
（像帮助老人过马路这样的小事，都能体现我们的善良。）
These are small acts of honesty that are closely linked to kindness.
（这些都是与善良紧密相关的诚信小事。）
拓展例句
The girl in a red dress is my deskmate.
（穿红裙子的女孩是我的同桌。）
I have a great interest in playing basketball.
（我对打篮球有浓厚的兴趣。）
4. that 引导的定语从句
用法解析：关系代词 that 引导限制性定语从句，指代事物（如 actions, acts），在从句中可作主语或宾语。当先行词被 small, all, every 等词修饰时，常用 that 引导定语从句。
语篇原句：
Keeping promises, telling the truth to others, and admitting mistakes bravely are all small acts of honesty that are closely linked to kindness.
（信守承诺、坦诚待人、勇敢承认错误，都是与善良紧密相关的诚信小事。）
解析：that 指代先行词 small acts of honesty，在从句中作主语。
解题技巧总结：
① 抓主旨：先通读语篇，锁定核心话题（如本文“培养善良品质的路径”）和语篇结构（总-分），明确各段分论点方向，排除与主旨无关的选项（如本题中未涉及“牺牲个人利益”的G项）。
② 找衔接：重点关注衔接词（firstly, besides, in addition, finally等），根据逻辑关系（并列、递进）匹配选项，如本题通过“besides”锁定递进关系的B项，通过“finally”判断总结性的E项。
③ 匹配细节：关注核心词复现（如“others’ needs”“helping hand”“honesty”“passing on kindness”）和代词指代（如第1空C项“it”指代前文“cultivating kindness”），确保选项与前后文的细节表述高度契合，避免语义脱节。
初级篇
Passage 2
Famous quotes about virtue are the crystallization of human wisdom and have profound guiding significance for our life. 1 They can inspire us to pursue goodness and improve our moral standards.
2 As the ancient Chinese saying goes, “A person of virtue is respected by all.” This quote tells us that virtue is the foundation of personal charm. People with noble virtues are always welcomed and admired by others.
3 For example, the saying “Honesty is the best policy” reminds us that honesty is a basic virtue. Only by being honest can we gain others’ trust and build long-term relationships.
4 Just as the philosopher said, “Kindness is the light that illuminates the world.” Kindness can warm people’s hearts and make the world a better place. We should always keep kindness in our hearts.
5 By learning and understanding these virtue quotes, we can constantly improve ourselves and become better people.
A. Firstly, virtue is the foundation of personal charm.
B. Secondly, honesty is a basic virtue that everyone should uphold.
C. These quotes cover various aspects of virtue, such as kindness, honesty and integrity.
D. Thirdly, kindness is a precious virtue that can warm the world.
E. Many famous people have expressed their views on virtue through quotes.
F. Virtue quotes can also help us solve problems in daily life.
G. Honesty can help us win more friends and opportunities.
词汇词组积累
famous quotes - 名人名言
human wisdom - 人类智慧
crystallization of wisdom - 智慧的结晶
guiding significance - 指导意义
moral standards - 道德标准
person of virtue - 有德行的人
personal charm - 个人魅力
noble virtues - 高尚美德
basic virtue - 基本美德
best policy - 最佳策略
others' trust - 他人的信任
long-term relationships - 长期关系
illuminates the world - 照亮世界
warm people's hearts - 温暖人们的心灵
make the world better - 让世界更美好
constantly improve ourselves - 不断提升自我
become better people - 成为更好的人
help us solve problems - 帮助我们解决问题
易混淆词汇辨析
virtue (美德) vs moral (道德的)
honesty (诚实) vs integrity (正直)
inspire (激励) vs encourage (鼓励)
Passage 3
Kindness is contagious and can be passed from one person to another, bringing warmth to the world. 1 Every small act of kindness may start a chain reaction of goodness.
2 On a rainy morning, a young man shared his umbrella with an old lady who forgot to bring one. The old lady was deeply moved and, when she got home, made a cup of hot tea for the delivery boy who was soaked to the skin.
3 A student helped an elderly vendor pick up scattered fruits on the street. Later, this vendor gave a free fruit to a little girl who was crying because she was lost. The little girl’s mother, in turn, helped a neighbor fix a broken window.
4 A kind-hearted person donated books to a rural primary school. Inspired by this, the students in the school started a “book sharing” activity and gave their extra books to children in poorer areas.
5 These stories tell us that kindness is not difficult. As long as we are willing to give a little love, the world will become a better place.
A. The first story happened on a rainy day and warmed two people’s hearts.
B. Another touching story took place on a busy street.
C. Kindness can be passed on in many different scenarios.
D. A story about helping others through book donation also shows the power of kindness.
E. Many people are willing to pass on kindness after receiving it.
F. The delivery boy was very grateful for the old lady’s kindness.
G. Rural children are in great need of books and care.
词汇词组积累
is contagious - 具有传染性的
can be passed - 可以被传递
bringing warmth - 带来温暖
start a chain reaction - 开始连锁反应
shared his umbrella - 分享雨伞
forgot to bring - 忘记带
was deeply moved - 被深深感动
made hot tea - 泡热茶
was soaked to the skin - 浑身湿透
helped pick up - 帮助捡起
scattered fruits - 散落的水果
gave a free fruit - 免费给水果
was crying because - 因为... 哭泣
was lost - 迷路了
in turn - 反过来
helped fix - 帮助修理
broken window - 破碎的窗户
donated books - 捐赠书籍
inspired by this - 受此启发
started an activity - 开始活动
gave extra books - 给多余的书
are willing to give - 愿意给予
will become better - 会变得更好
are willing to pass on - 愿意传递
易混淆词汇辨析
contagious (情感传染) vs infectious (疾病传染)
donate (正式捐赠) vs give (普通给予)
rural (乡村的) vs urban (城市的)
Passage 4
Establishing moral norms on campus is crucial for creating a positive learning environment and cultivating students’ good character. 1 It helps students develop good habits and become responsible citizens.
2 For example, students should respect teachers and classmates, listen carefully in class, and not interrupt others’ speeches. Respecting others is the basic requirement of campus moral norms.
3 We should keep the campus clean and tidy, take good care of public facilities such as desks, chairs and books, and not litter or damage public property. Protecting the campus environment is everyone’s responsibility.
4 Schools can carry out moral education activities such as theme classes and virtue lectures, and set up reward systems to encourage students to abide by moral norms. These measures can effectively promote the implementation of campus moral norms.
5 Only by abiding by campus moral norms together can we build a harmonious and positive campus.
A. Firstly, respecting others is an important part of campus moral norms.
B. Secondly, protecting the campus environment and public property is also required.
C. Campus moral norms include many aspects of student behavior.
D. Thirdly, schools should take effective measures to promote the implementation of moral norms.
E. Students should consciously abide by campus moral norms.
F. Respecting teachers can help improve the teaching effect.
G. Damaging public property will bring losses to the school.
词汇词组积累
establishing moral norms - 建立道德规范
creating a positive environment - 创造积极环境
cultivating good character - 培养良好品格
develop good habits - 养成良好习惯
become responsible citizens - 成为负责任的公民
respect teachers and classmates - 尊重老师和同学
listen carefully in class - 课堂上认真听讲
not interrupt others' speeches - 不打断他人发言
keep the campus clean and tidy - 保持校园整洁
take good care of public facilities - 爱护公共设施
not litter or damage - 不乱扔垃圾或损坏
carry out moral education activities - 开展德育活动
set up reward systems - 建立奖励制度
encourage students to abide by - 鼓励学生遵守
effectively promote the implementation - 有效促进实施
abide by moral norms - 遵守道德规范
build a harmonious campus - 建设和谐校园
易混淆词汇辨析
norm (规范) vs standard (标准)
cultivate (培养) vs develop (发展)
abide by (遵守) vs follow (遵循)
高级篇
Passage 5
Virtue is not only a personal quality but also a cornerstone of social harmony, possessing dual significance for personal growth and social development. 1 Its influence can be felt in both individual life and the operation of the whole society.
For personal growth, virtue is the driving force for self-improvement. 2 A person with noble virtues such as honesty, kindness and perseverance is more likely to gain others’ trust, establish good interpersonal relationships, and thus have more opportunities for development. On the contrary, lack of virtue may lead to wrong choices and hinder personal progress.
For social harmony, virtue is an indispensable bond. 3 When most people in a society uphold virtues such as respect, tolerance and mutual assistance, conflicts will be reduced, and people will live in peace and harmony. For example, in communities where residents help each other, the sense of happiness and belonging is significantly enhanced.
4 Some people may think that virtue is outdated in modern society, but in fact, with the development of society, the need for virtue is more urgent. In an era of fierce competition, virtue can help us maintain humanistic care and avoid utilitarian excess.
5 We should inherit and carry forward traditional virtues, integrate them into daily life, and let virtue become the common pursuit of all people, thus promoting personal progress and social prosperity.
A. It helps individuals establish correct values and make rational decisions.
B. Virtue plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining social stability.
C. The dual significance of virtue is reflected in many aspects.
D. However, there are some misunderstandings about virtue in modern society.
E. Social harmony cannot be achieved without the support of virtue.
F. Virtue can also help people adapt to the competitive social environment.
G. Inheriting virtues is the responsibility of every citizen in modern society.
词汇词组积累
personal quality - 个人品质
cornerstone of social harmony - 社会和谐的基石
dual significance - 双重意义
personal growth - 个人成长
social development - 社会发展
driving force - 驱动力
self-improvement - 自我提升
noble virtues - 高尚美德
interpersonal relationships - 人际关系
opportunities for development - 发展机会
wrong choices - 错误选择
personal progress - 个人进步
indispensable bond - 不可或缺的纽带
social harmony - 社会和谐
sense of happiness - 幸福感
sense of belonging - 归属感
fierce competition - 激烈竞争
humanistic care - 人文关怀
utilitarian excess - 功利主义过度
traditional virtues - 传统美德
common pursuit - 共同追求
social prosperity - 社会繁荣
correct values - 正确价值观
rational decisions - 理性决定
social stability - 社会稳定
mutual assistance - 互助
易混淆词汇辨析
virtue (美德) vs morality (道德)
significance (意义) vs importance (重要性)
inherit (继承) vs carry forward (发扬)
Passage 6
In life, we often encounter moral dilemmas that test our values and integrity. When facing such dilemmas, we should adhere to virtue and make the right choices. 1 Wrong choices may bring temporary benefits, but will eventually damage our reputation and moral bottom line.
The first principle of making the right choice in moral dilemmas is to adhere to the bottom line of honesty. 2 For example, when finding a wallet with money, we should return it to the owner instead of taking it for ourselves; when taking an exam, we should not cheat even if there is a chance to do so. Honesty is the foundation of all moral choices.
Secondly, we should consider the impact of our choices on others and society. 3 A moral choice should not only be beneficial to ourselves but also take the interests of others into account. For instance, when choosing a job, we should not take unfair means to compete with others, as this will harm the interests of others and disrupt the social order.
4 We can learn from moral models, read virtue stories, and strengthen our moral cultivation. Only by improving our moral awareness can we make correct judgments when facing dilemmas.
5 In the process of pursuing personal interests, we must not forget moral principles. Only by making moral choices can we gain true respect and achieve long-term development.
A. Adhering to honesty can help us gain long-term trust and respect.
B. To make correct moral choices, we also need to strengthen moral cultivation.
C. Making the right moral choice is crucial for maintaining personal integrity.
D. Considering the interests of others is an important criterion for moral choices.
E. Many people have made wrong choices in moral dilemmas for temporary benefits.
F. Moral models can set a good example for us to make correct choices.
G. The impact of moral choices on society should not be ignored.
词汇词组积累
moral dilemmas - 道德困境
values and integrity - 价值观和诚信
temporary benefits - 暂时利益
reputation - 声誉
moral bottom line - 道德底线
bottom line of honesty - 诚实底线
interests of others - 他人利益
social order - 社会秩序
moral models - 道德模范
virtue stories - 美德故事
moral cultivation - 道德修养
moral awareness - 道德意识
personal interests - 个人利益
moral principles - 道德原则
true respect - 真正的尊重
long-term development - 长期发展
personal integrity - 个人诚信
encounter dilemmas - 遇到困境
adhere to virtue - 坚守美德
make choices - 做出选择
damage reputation - 损害声誉
return to owner - 归还给主人
take for ourselves - 据为己有
cheat on exam - 考试作弊
consider impact - 考虑影响
take into account - 考虑，顾及
harm interests - 损害利益
disrupt order - 扰乱秩序
learn from models - 向模范学习
strengthen cultivation - 加强修养
improve awareness - 提高意识
gain respect - 获得尊重
achieve development - 实现发展
易混淆词汇辨析
dilemma (困境) vs difficulty (困难)
integrity (诚信) vs honesty (诚实)
benefit (利益) vs interest (利益)
Passage 7
Virtue culture, as an important part of human civilization, has both commonalities and differences between China and foreign countries. 1 Understanding these commonalities and differences helps promote cross-cultural communication and mutual learning.
2 For example, both Chinese and Western cultures regard kindness, honesty and respect for others as basic virtues. In China, there is the idea of “benevolence”, while in Western culture, there is the concept of “charity”, both of which emphasize caring for others.
3 For instance, in Chinese culture, filial piety is a core virtue that emphasizes respecting and caring for parents and elders. In Western culture, the focus is more on individual independence, and the expression of filial piety is more about respecting parents’ choices rather than blind obedience.
4 In Chinese virtue culture, the sense of collective responsibility is emphasized, and individuals are encouraged to contribute to the family, community and country. In contrast, Western virtue culture pays more attention to individual integrity and the realization of personal value.
5 We should respect the differences and learn from each other’s strengths, so that virtue culture can play a greater role in promoting human progress.
A. The commonalities of Chinese and foreign virtue cultures lie in the recognition of basic good qualities.
B. However, there are obvious differences in the expression and focus of virtue between Chinese and foreign cultures.
C. Filial piety is a unique virtue in Chinese culture.
D. Another difference is reflected in the emphasis on collective and individual interests.
E. Virtue culture varies from country to country due to different historical and cultural backgrounds.
F. Basic virtues such as kindness and honesty are universally recognized in human society.
G. Cross-cultural communication can help promote the development of virtue culture.
词汇词组积累
virtue culture - 美德文化
human civilization - 人类文明
commonalities and differences - 共性与差异
cross-cultural communication - 跨文化交流
mutual learning - 互相学习
basic virtues - 基本美德
Chinese culture - 中国文化
Western culture - 西方文化
idea of benevolence - 仁爱思想
concept of charity - 慈善概念
filial piety - 孝道
core virtue - 核心美德
individual independence - 个人独立
collective responsibility - 集体责任
individual integrity - 个人诚信
personal value - 个人价值
historical backgrounds - 历史背景
cultural backgrounds - 文化背景
易混淆词汇辨析
culture (文化) vs civilization (文明)
commonality (共性) vs similarity (相似性)
benevolence (仁爱) vs charity (慈善)
