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人教必修三Unit 4 Space Exploration
七选五专项训练
精练篇
Passage 1………………………………………………1
基础篇
Passage 2………………………………………………4
Passage 3………………………………………………8
Passage 4………………………………………………11
拔高篇
Passage 5………………………………………………14
Passage 6………………………………………………17
Passage 7………………………………………………20
精练篇
Passage 1
Writing a popular science essay on space exploration requires balancing professionalism and readability. 1 It not only helps spread astronomical knowledge but also inspires the public’s enthusiasm for space exploration.
2 You should choose a topic that is closely related to public interest, such as “How do spacecraft enter orbit ” or “The daily life of astronauts in space.” Avoid overly professional themes that are difficult for ordinary readers to understand.
3 You must verify the information from authoritative sources, such as official releases from space agencies or academic papers. Misleading content will not only undermine the credibility of the essay but also misguide readers.
4 However, you should avoid using too many professional terms; if you have to use them, be sure to explain them in simple language. For example, when mentioning “microgravity,” you can describe it as “a state where the body feels weightless, like floating in water.”
5 For instance, introducing the process of China’s Chang’e lunar exploration mission can make abstract knowledge about lunar landing more intuitive and vivid. In addition, appropriate cases can also enhance the attractiveness of the essay.
A. Firstly, selecting a suitable theme is the foundation of a high-quality popular science essay.
B. Besides, ensuring the accuracy of knowledge is crucial for space exploration essays.
C. Space exploration involves a lot of professional knowledge, which needs to be simplified for readers.
D. In addition, choosing appropriate cases to assist explanation is an effective way.
E. A good space exploration popular science essay should be both professional and easy to understand.
F. Readers are more interested in practical and close-to-life space topics.
G. It is necessary to check the latest data to ensure the timeliness of the content.
答案与解析：
1. 答案：E
解析：承接前文“需平衡专业性与可读性”的核心原则，E项进一步阐释优质太空科普短文的标准“既专业又易懂”，与后文“传播知识、激发热情”的意义衔接紧密；E项中的“both professional and easy to understand”呼应前文的“balancing professionalism and readability”，核心语义一致，逻辑连贯。
答案：A
解析：后文围绕“选择贴近公众兴趣的主题、避免过于专业的主题”展开，A项以firstly明确引出“主题选择是优质科普短文的基础”这一分论点，核心词“selecting a suitable theme”与后文内容高度匹配。
答案：B
解析：前文阐述主题选择，此处以besides表递进，引出第二个核心要点，B项“确保知识准确性对太空科普短文至关重要”与后文“从权威来源验证信息、避免误导读者”的具体要求衔接自然，核心词“accuracy of knowledge”前后呼应。
答案：C
解析：后文围绕“避免过多专业术语、用简单语言解释术语”展开，C项先点明“太空探索包含大量专业知识，需为读者简化”的核心，与后文的具体做法形成“总-分”逻辑；后文的however转折补充C项，强调“简化”的具体边界（必要术语需解释），进一步完善“语言通俗性”的要求。
答案：D
解析：后文以“中国嫦娥探月任务”为例，说明案例对科普短文的作用，D项以in addition引出第四个要点“选择合适案例辅助解释是有效方法”，核心词“appropriate cases”与后文的例证完全匹配；后文的“For instance”进一步印证D项的观点，逻辑连贯。
核心词组积累
1.popular science essay 科普文
2.space exploration 太空探索
3.balance professionalism and readability 平衡专业性与可读性
4.professionalism n. 专业性
5.readability n. 可读性
6.spread astronomical knowledge 传播天文知识
7.astronomical knowledge 天文知识
8.inspire the public’s enthusiasm for 激发公众对……的热情
9.select a suitable theme 选择合适的主题
10.be closely related to public interest 与公众兴趣紧密相关
11.spacecraft n. 航天器
12.enter orbit 进入轨道
13.astronauts in space 太空宇航员
14.overly professional themes 过于专业的主题
15.ordinary readers 普通读者
16.verify the information 核实信息
17.authoritative sources 权威来源
18.official releases 官方发布
19.space agencies 航天机构
20.academic papers 学术论文
21.misleading content 误导性内容
22.undermine the credibility 损害可信度
23.credibility n. 可信度、可信性
24.misguide readers 误导读者
25.professional terms 专业术语
26.microgravity n. 微重力
27.weightless adj. 失重的
28.China’s Chang’e lunar exploration mission 中国嫦娥探月工程
29.abstract knowledge 抽象知识
30.lunar landing 月球着陆
31.intuitive and vivid 直观生动的
32.assist explanation 辅助解释（assist 强调“协助”，较 help 正式）
33.enhance the attractiveness 提升吸引力
7选5解题技巧总结：
抓主旨：先通读语篇，锁定核心话题（如本文“太空探索科普短文撰写要点”）和语篇结构（总-分），明确各段分论点方向，排除与主旨无关的选项（如本题中未涉及“太空探索技术细节”的选项）。
② 找衔接：重点关注衔接词（firstly, besides, however, in addition等），根据逻辑关系（并列、递进、转折）匹配选项，如本题通过“besides”锁定递进关系的B项，通过“however”判断转折补充的C项。
③ 匹配细节：关注核心词复现（如“theme”“accuracy”“cases”）和代词指代（如第1空E项“it”指代前文“writing a popular science essay”），确保选项与前后文的细节表述高度契合，避免语义脱节。
初级篇
Passage 2
A space mission is a complex project that requires strict and systematic process design. 1 Every step must be carefully planned and verified to ensure the success of the mission.
2 This stage includes determining the mission goal (such as lunar exploration, space station maintenance, or planetary detection), conducting technical feasibility studies, and formulating a detailed implementation plan. Without clear planning, the mission is likely to encounter insurmountable difficulties.
3 Scientists and engineers need to develop and test key equipment such as spacecraft, launch vehicles, and detection instruments. The equipment must withstand extreme conditions in space, such as high temperature, low temperature, and radiation.
4 During this stage, the launch vehicle carries the spacecraft into the predetermined orbit. Ground control centers monitor the launch process in real time and adjust parameters in time if any abnormalities occur.
5 After completing the mission objectives, the spacecraft will either return to Earth as planned or continue to perform long-term detection tasks in space. The final stage also includes data sorting and result analysis of the mission.
A. Firstly, the preparation stage is the foundation of the entire space mission.
B. Secondly, the equipment development and testing stage is crucial.
C. Space missions are usually carried out by professional space agencies with advanced technology.
D. Thirdly, the launch and orbit injection stage is a critical link.
E. It involves multiple stages, from planning to implementation and final completion.
F. Finally, the mission implementation and conclusion stage marks the end of the main task.
G. The success of a space mission depends on the cooperation of multiple disciplines.
答案与解析：
答案：E
解析：承接前文“太空任务是需要严谨流程设计的复杂项目”，E项点明“太空任务涉及从规划到实施再到完成的多个阶段”，既解释了“复杂”的原因，又为后文分述各阶段做铺垫；E项中的“It”指代前文“a space mission”，语义衔接紧密。
答案：A
解析：后文围绕“确定任务目标、可行性研究、制定实施计划”展开，这些均属于任务的前期准备工作，A项以firstly引出“准备阶段是整个任务的基础”，明确分论点，核心词“preparation stage”与后文内容完全匹配。
答案：B
解析：前文介绍准备阶段，此处以secondly表并列递进，引出第二个核心阶段，B项“设备研发与测试阶段至关重要”与后文“研发航天器、运载火箭等关键设备并测试其太空适应性”的内容高度契合，核心词“equipment development and testing”前后呼应。
答案：D
解析：以thirdly继续并列递进，引出第三个阶段，D项“发射与入轨阶段是关键环节”与后文“运载火箭将航天器送入预定轨道、地面中心实时监控”的具体描述衔接自然，核心词“launch and orbit injection”准确对应后文内容。
答案：F
解析：前文已介绍准备、设备研发、发射入轨三个阶段，此处以finally表总结性递进，引出最后阶段，F项“任务实施与收尾阶段标志着主要任务的结束”与后文“完成任务目标后返回地球或继续探测、整理数据”的收尾工作匹配，逻辑闭环。
核心词汇词组积累
太空任务总体词汇
space mission - 太空任务
complex project - 复杂项目
strict process design - 严格的流程设计
systematic process - 系统化流程
carefully planned - 精心规划
mission success - 任务成功
multiple stages - 多个阶段
professional space agencies - 专业航天机构
advanced technology - 先进技术
cooperation of disciplines - 多学科合作
准备阶段词汇
preparation stage - 准备阶段
mission goal - 任务目标
lunar exploration - 月球探测
space station maintenance - 空间站维护
planetary detection - 行星探测
technical feasibility studies - 技术可行性研究
implementation plan - 实施计划
clear planning - 清晰规划
insurmountable difficulties - 无法克服的困难
foundation of mission - 任务基础
设备开发测试词汇
equipment development - 设备开发
testing stage - 测试阶段
scientists and engineers - 科学家和工程师
develop equipment - 开发设备
test equipment - 测试设备
key equipment - 关键设备
launch vehicles - 运载火箭
detection instruments - 探测仪器
withstand conditions - 承受条件
extreme conditions - 极端条件
发射入轨阶段词汇
launch stage - 发射阶段
orbit injection - 入轨
critical link - 关键环节
carry into orbit - 送入轨道
predetermined orbit - 预定轨道
ground control centers - 地面控制中心
monitor process - 监控过程
real-time monitoring - 实时监控
adjust parameters - 调整参数
abnormalities occur - 出现异常
launch vehicle - 运载火箭
任务实施结束词汇
mission implementation - 任务实施
conclusion stage - 结束阶段
complete objectives - 完成目标
return to Earth - 返回地球
long-term detection - 长期探测
data sorting - 数据整理
result analysis - 结果分析
marks the end - 标志着结束
Passage 3
Astronauts need to undergo rigorous physical training to adapt to the harsh environment of space. 1 Only with excellent physical fitness can they complete space missions smoothly.
2 This stage mainly includes aerobic exercise (such as long-distance running and swimming) to improve cardiopulmonary function, and strength training (such as weightlifting) to enhance muscle strength. These basic qualities are the premise of subsequent training.
3 For example, they need to train to resist the huge overload during launch and re-entry, and also practice movement skills in a microgravity environment. This kind of training is closely related to the actual challenges in space.
4 They will enter a large-scale neutral buoyancy pool to simulate spacewalks, or use a parabolic flight aircraft to experience short-term microgravity. These simulations help astronauts familiarize themselves with space conditions in advance.
5 The training process is long and arduous, but it is essential for ensuring the safety and success of astronauts in space.
A. The first stage is basic physical fitness training.
B. Aerobic exercise is very important for improving the body’s endurance.
C. The second stage is special adaptive training for space environment.
D. Space environment is very harsh, with microgravity and strong radiation.
E. Finally, the simulation training stage is carried out to simulate actual space tasks.
F. Muscle strength training can help astronauts carry heavy equipment in space.
G. Astronauts also need to receive psychological training to stay calm in emergencies.
答案与解析：
答案：D
解析：承接前文“宇航员需严格体能训练以适应太空恶劣环境”，D项具体说明太空环境的恶劣之处“微重力、强辐射”，解释了“为何需要严格体能训练”，为后文训练项目的针对性做铺垫。
答案：A
解析：后文围绕“有氧运动提升心肺功能、力量训练增强肌肉力量”展开，这些均属于基础体能训练内容，A项明确“第一阶段是基础体能训练”，以顺承逻辑引出首个训练阶段，核心词“basic physical fitness training”与后文内容匹配。
答案：C
解析：前文介绍基础体能训练，此处以顺承逻辑引出第二个训练阶段，C项“第二阶段是太空环境专项适应训练”与后文“抵抗发射和返回时的过载、练习微重力环境下的运动技能”的专项训练内容高度契合，核心词“special adaptive training”前后呼应。
答案：E
解析：前文已介绍基础训练、专项训练两个阶段，此处以finally表顺承收尾，引出第三个阶段，E项“最后是模拟训练阶段，模拟实际太空任务”与后文“中性浮力池模拟太空行走、抛物线飞行体验微重力”的模拟训练内容完全匹配；核心词“simulation training”准确对应后文描述。
答案：G
解析：G选项“宇航员还需接受心理训练，以便在紧急情况下保持冷静”与后面“训练过程漫长艰辛，但对宇航员太空安全和任务成功至关重要”想承接，逻辑闭环。
核心词汇词组积累
宇航员训练总体词汇
rigorous physical training - 严格的体能训练
harsh environment of space - 严酷的太空环境
excellent physical fitness - 优秀的身体素质
complete space missions - 完成太空任务
long and arduous process - 漫长而艰苦的过程
ensure safety and success - 确保安全和成功
基础体能训练词汇
basic physical fitness training - 基础体能训练
aerobic exercise - 有氧运动
long-distance running - 长跑
cardiopulmonary function - 心肺功能
improve endurance - 提高耐力
strength training - 力量训练
enhance muscle strength - 增强肌肉力量
carry heavy equipment - 携带重装备
特殊适应性训练词汇
special adaptive training - 特殊适应性训练
space environment - 太空环境
resist overload - 抵抗超重
launch and re-entry - 发射和再入
movement skills - 运动技能
microgravity environment - 微重力环境
actual challenges - 实际挑战
strong radiation - 强辐射
模拟训练词汇
simulation training - 模拟训练
large-scale neutral buoyancy pool - 大型中性浮力池
simulate spacewalks - 模拟太空行走
actual space tasks - 实际太空任务
psychological training - 心理训练
Passage 4
Space exploration is a fascinating field that involves a lot of basic popular science knowledge. 1 Understanding these knowledge can help us better appreciate the charm of space.
2 It consists of the Sun, eight planets (including Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune), and other celestial bodies such as asteroids and comets. The Sun is the center of the solar system, providing light and heat for all planets.
3 For example, the temperature in space can range from hundreds of degrees Celsius above zero to hundreds of degrees below zero. In addition, there is almost no air in space, so astronauts must rely on spacesuits to breathe and maintain body temperature.
4 Common ones include spacecraft (such as Shenzhou series), launch vehicles (such as Long March series), and space stations (such as the Tiangong space station). These tools are designed to withstand the harsh space environment and complete exploration tasks.
5 With the continuous development of science and technology, we will learn more about the mysteries of space.
A. Firstly, the composition of the solar system is a basic knowledge point of space exploration.
B. Space environment is extremely harsh and very different from the Earth’s environment.
C. Space exploration tools are the key to entering and exploring space.
D. The Sun is the largest celestial body in the solar system.
E. These knowledge points cover celestial bodies, space environment, and exploration tools.
F. Astronauts need to undergo special training to adapt to space environment.
G. Many countries are actively carrying out space exploration projects.
答案与解析：
答案：E
解析：承接前文“太空探索涉及诸多基础科普知识”，E项具体说明这些知识的涵盖范围“天体、太空环境、探索工具”，既呼应前文“a lot of basic popular science knowledge”，又为后文分述各领域知识做铺垫；E项中的“These knowledge points”指代前文核心内容，语义衔接紧密。
答案：A
解析：后文围绕“太阳系由太阳、八大行星及小行星、彗星等天体构成”展开，A项以firstly引出“太阳系构成是太空探索的基础知识点”，明确分论点，核心词“composition of the solar system”与后文内容完全匹配。
答案：B
解析：后文以“太空温度温差极大、几乎无空气，宇航员需依赖宇航服”为例，说明太空环境的特点，B项先总述“太空环境极其恶劣，与地球环境差异大”，为后文的例证做铺垫，核心词“space environment”前后呼应。
答案：C
解析：后文列举航天器、运载火箭、空间站等具体工具，说明其作用，C项引出“太空探索工具是进入和探索太空的关键”，核心词“space exploration tools”与后文的具体例证匹配，逻辑连贯。
答案：G
解析：G选项“许多国家正在积极开展太空探索项目”与后面的内容“随着科技发展，我们将了解更多太空奥秘”想衔接，形成逻辑闭环。
核心词汇词组积累
太空探索总体词汇
space exploration - 太空探索
fascinating field - 迷人的领域
basic popular science knowledge - 基础科普知识
appreciate the charm - 欣赏魅力
mysteries of space - 太空的奥秘
continuous development - 持续发展
science and technology - 科学技术
太阳系组成词汇
solar system - 太阳系
Mercury - 水星
Venus - 金星
Earth - 地球
Mars - 火星
Jupiter - 木星
Saturn - 土星
Uranus - 天王星
Neptune - 海王星
celestial bodies - 天体
asteroids - 小行星
comets - 彗星
center of solar system - 太阳系中心
provide light and heat - 提供光和热
太空环境词汇
space environment - 太空环境
extremely harsh - 极其严酷
temperature range - 温度范围
maintain body temperature - 维持体温
探索工具词汇
space exploration tools - 太空探索工具
key to entering space - 进入太空的关键
Shenzhou series - 神舟系列
launch vehicles - 运载火箭
Long March series - 长征系列
space stations - 空间站
Tiangong space station - 天宫空间站
withstand harsh environment - 承受严酷环境
complete exploration tasks - 完成探索任务
国际合作发展词汇
actively carrying out - 积极开展
exploration projects - 探索项目
international cooperation - 国际合作
高级篇
Passage 5
The development of space resources has become a hot topic in the global aerospace field. 1 It is regarded as an important way to solve the shortage of Earth resources and promote the sustainable development of human society.
From the perspective of prospects, space is rich in various resources. 2 For example, the Moon is rich in helium-3, a clean energy source that is scarce on Earth. Asteroids also contain a large amount of precious metals such as gold and platinum, which have high economic value.
In addition, the unique environment of space can also be used as a resource. 3 This environment is conducive to the research and development of new materials, the production of special drugs, and the carrying out of astronomical observations.
4 The high cost of space exploration is one of the biggest obstacles—building launch vehicles, developing detection equipment, and carrying out on-orbit operations require a huge amount of investment. Moreover, the harsh space environment poses great risks to equipment and personnel safety.
Furthermore, there are currently no unified international rules for the development of space resources. 5 To promote the healthy development of space resource development, countries around the world need to strengthen cooperation, formulate unified rules, and jointly tackle technical and economic challenges.
A. Space resources have broad application prospects in energy, materials, and other fields.
B. However, the development of space resources is also faced with enormous challenges.
C. The microgravity, high vacuum, and strong radiation environment in space is different from that on Earth.
D. This may lead to disputes over resource ownership and development rights among countries.
E. Many countries have launched space exploration missions to detect space resources.
F. The development of space resources requires the joint efforts of multiple disciplines and fields.
G. It not only has broad prospects but also faces many challenges.
答案与解析：
答案：A
解析：承接前文“太空资源开发成为全球航天领域热点话题”，A项点明“太空资源在能源、材料等领域具有广阔应用前景”，与后文“解决地球资源短缺、促进人类可持续发展”的意义衔接紧密；核心词“broad application prospects”呼应后文的价值定位。
答案：F
解析：F选项“空间资源的开发需要多学科、多领域的共同努力”承接前面一句“从前景来看，太空资源丰富”，都在围绕空间资源的问题展开，故选F。
3. 答案：C
解析：前文提出“太空独特环境可作为资源”，C项具体说明太空环境的特点“微重力、高真空、强辐射，与地球不同”，为后文“利于新材料研发、特殊药物生产、天文观测”的应用价值做铺垫；核心词“space environment”前后呼应，逻辑连贯。
答案：B
解析：前文已详细阐述太空资源开发的前景（资源种类、环境应用），此处以however表转折，引出核心逻辑转折“太空资源开发也面临巨大挑战”，与后文“高成本、恶劣环境风险”的具体挑战内容匹配；衔接词“however”明确转折关系，符合“总-分-总”中“分述挑战”的逻辑层次。
答案：D
解析：前文提出“目前太空资源开发无统一国际规则”，D项说明其潜在后果“可能导致各国在资源所有权和开发权上产生争端”，与后文“各国需加强合作、制定统一规则”的应对策略形成因果逻辑；D项中的“This”指代前文“无统一国际规则”，语义衔接紧密。
核心词汇词组积累
太空资源开发总体词汇
space resource development - 太空资源开发
global aerospace field - 全球航天领域
solve shortage - 解决短缺
Earth resources - 地球资源
sustainable development - 可持续发展
broad prospects - 广阔前景
face challenges - 面临挑战
资源前景词汇
application prospects - 应用前景
rich in resources - 资源丰富
clean energy source - 清洁能源
scarce on Earth - 地球上稀缺
economic value - 经济价值
太空环境词汇
unique environment - 独特环境
different from Earth - 与地球不同
conducive to - 有利于
research and development - 研发
new materials - 新材料
special drugs - 特殊药物
astronomical observations - 天文观测
开发挑战词汇
enormous challenges - 巨大挑战
high cost - 高成本
biggest obstacles - 最大障碍
building launch vehicles - 建造运载火箭
developing detection equipment - 开发探测设备
on-orbit operations - 在轨操作
huge investment - 巨额投资
harsh environment - 严酷环境
pose risks - 带来风险
equipment safety - 设备安全
personnel safety - 人员安全
国际合作规则词汇
unified international rules - 统一的国际规则
lead to disputes - 导致争议
resource ownership - 资源所有权
development rights - 开发权
strengthen cooperation - 加强合作
formulate rules - 制定规则
jointly tackle - 共同应对
technical challenges - 技术挑战
economic challenges - 经济挑战
multiple disciplines - 多学科
joint efforts - 共同努力
Passage 6
Aerospace popular science education for teenagers is of great significance to the cultivation of aerospace talents and the development of the national aerospace industry. 1 It can not only arouse teenagers’ interest in science and technology but also lay a solid foundation for the reserve of aerospace talents.
The importance of aerospace popular science education is first reflected in inspiring teenagers’ scientific curiosity. 2 Through understanding the mysteries of space exploration, teenagers will be more willing to learn scientific knowledge and explore the unknown world.
Secondly, it helps to cultivate teenagers’ innovative thinking and practical ability. 3 For example, participating in aerospace model making and space exploration simulation activities can enable teenagers to apply scientific knowledge to practice and improve their hands-on ability.
4 Schools can set up aerospace popular science courses, invite aerospace experts to give lectures, and organize visits to aerospace museums. Families can accompany teenagers to watch aerospace launch live broadcasts and read popular science books on space exploration.
In addition, social forces can also play an important role. 5 Only by integrating the efforts of schools, families, and society can we effectively promote the development of aerospace popular science education for teenagers and cultivate more aerospace talents for the country.
A. Scientific curiosity is the driving force for teenagers to explore and learn.
B. The implementation of aerospace popular science education requires the joint efforts of schools, families, and society.
C. Aerospace popular science activities can stimulate teenagers’ interest in science and technology.
D. Social organizations can hold aerospace science and technology competitions and popular science exhibitions.
E. Innovative thinking is an essential quality for aerospace talents.
F. It also helps to enhance teenagers’ sense of national pride and patriotism.
G. Schools are the main position for aerospace popular science education.
答案与解析：
答案：F
解析：承接前文“青少年航天科普教育对培养航天人才、发展国家航天产业至关重要”，F项补充其另一重要意义“增强青少年民族自豪感和爱国情怀”，与后文“激发科技兴趣、奠定人才储备基础”形成并列递进，丰富“重要性”的内涵；核心词“also helps”体现递进逻辑，符合首段总述的全面性。
答案：A
解析：前文提出“重要性首先体现在激发科学好奇心”，A项进一步阐释“科学好奇心是青少年探索和学习的动力”，解释了“为何激发好奇心重要”，为后文“了解太空探索奥秘、愿意学习科学知识”做铺垫；核心词“scientific curiosity”前后呼应，逻辑连贯。
答案：E
解析：前文提出“其次有助于培养创新思维和实践能力”，E项先强调“创新思维是航天人才的必备素质”，说明培养创新思维的针对性价值，与后文“参与航天模型制作、模拟探索活动提升实践能力”的具体做法衔接自然；核心词“innovative thinking”前后呼应，突出培养目标的重要性。
答案：B
解析：前文阐述重要性，此处逻辑转折进入“实施路径”的阐述，B项总述“航天科普教育的实施需要学校、家庭、社会共同努力”，为后文分述学校、家庭的具体做法做铺垫；核心词“joint efforts of schools, families, and society”统领后文的实施主体，逻辑层次清晰。
答案：D
解析：前文分述学校、家庭的实施路径，此处以“In addition”引出社会力量的作用，D项具体说明社会组织的做法“举办航天科技竞赛和科普展览”，补充完善“学校-家庭-社会”的协同路径；核心词“social forces”“social organizations”前后呼应，逻辑连贯。
核心词汇词组积累
航天科普教育总体词汇
aerospace popular science education - 航天科普教育
great significance - 重要意义
cultivation of talents - 人才培养
national aerospace industry - 国家航天产业
arouse interest - 激发兴趣
science and technology - 科学技术
lay solid foundation - 奠定坚实基础
reserve of talents - 人才储备
教育重要性词汇
importance of education - 教育重要性
inspiring curiosity - 激发好奇心
scientific curiosity - 科学好奇心
driving force - 驱动力
explore and learn - 探索和学习
mysteries of space - 太空奥秘
space exploration - 太空探索
scientific knowledge - 科学知识
national pride - 民族自豪感
patriotism - 爱国主义
能力培养词汇
cultivate thinking - 培养思维
innovative thinking - 创新思维
practical ability - 实践能力
essential quality - 必备素质
aerospace talents - 航天人才
apply knowledge - 应用知识
improve ability - 提高能力
hands-on ability - 动手能力
participate in activities - 参与活动
aerospace model making - 航天模型制作
space exploration simulation - 太空探索模拟
aerospace popular science courses - 航天科普课程
invite experts - 邀请专家
aerospace experts - 航天专家
organize visits - 组织参观
aerospace museums - 航天博物馆
Passage 7
International space cooperation has a long history and has achieved remarkable achievements in the process of development. 1 In the early days, the cooperation was mainly focused on scientific exploration and data sharing.
2 For example, the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project in 1975, which was a cooperation between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War, marked the first manned space cooperation between the two superpowers. This project broke the ice of space competition and laid the foundation for future international space cooperation.
With the passage of time, international space cooperation has become more extensive and in-depth. 3 The International Space Station (ISS), which involves 16 countries including the United States, Russia, Europe, Japan, and Canada, is a typical example of large-scale international space cooperation. It has been operating in orbit for more than 20 years and has carried out a large number of scientific experiments.
4 For instance, some countries lack advanced aerospace technology and funds, making it difficult to carry out independent space missions. In addition, differences in interests and technical standards among countries also bring certain obstacles to cooperation.
5 The exploration of Mars, the Moon, and other deep space areas requires the joint efforts of all countries. Only through in-depth cooperation can we better explore the mysteries of the universe and promote the common development of human aerospace cause.
A. Early international space cooperation projects laid an important foundation for subsequent cooperation.
B. However, international space cooperation also faces some challenges.
C. The future of international space cooperation is closely related to the development of human aerospace.
D. Many important international space cooperation projects have been carried out in history.
E. In recent years, more and more countries have participated in international space cooperation.
F. The International Space Station has become an important platform for international space cooperation.
G. These challenges need to be solved through dialogue and negotiation among countries.
答案与解析：
答案：E
解析：承接前文“国际太空合作历史悠久、成就显著”，E项补充“近年来越来越多国家参与国际太空合作”，既呼应“发展历程”的时间线索，又为后文分述不同阶段的合作项目做铺垫；核心词“more and more countries”体现合作的发展趋势，逻辑连贯。
答案：A
解析：后文以“1975年美苏阿波罗-联盟测试项目”为例，说明早期合作的意义，A项总述“早期国际太空合作项目为后续合作奠定重要基础”，核心词“Early international space cooperation projects”与后文的早期项目例证匹配，且后文的“This project”指代例证中的项目，呼应A项的“奠定基础”，逻辑连贯。
答案：D
解析：前文阐述早期合作，此处以“With the passage of time”表顺承，说明合作逐渐广泛深入，D项总述“历史上开展过诸多重要国际太空合作项目”，为后文“国际空间站”的大型合作例证做铺垫；核心词“important international space cooperation projects”统领后文的具体项目，逻辑层次清晰。
答案：B
解析：前文详细阐述国际太空合作的发展与成就，此处以however表转折，引出“国际太空合作也面临一些挑战”，与后文“部分国家缺乏技术资金、各国利益和技术标准差异带来障碍”的具体挑战内容匹配；衔接词“however”明确转折关系，丰富语篇逻辑层次。
答案：C
解析：总结段聚焦“未来”，C项总述“国际太空合作的未来与人类航天发展密切相关”，与后文“火星、月球等深空探索需各国共同努力，合作促进人类航天事业共同发展”的未来展望衔接紧密；核心词“future”前后呼应，逻辑闭环。
核心词汇词组积累
国际合作总体词汇
international space cooperation - 国际太空合作
remarkable achievements - 显著成就
development process - 发展过程
scientific exploration - 科学探索
extensive and in-depth - 广泛而深入
common development - 共同发展
human aerospace cause - 人类航天事业
manned space cooperation - 载人太空合作
broke the ice - 打破僵局
space competition - 太空竞争
laid the foundation - 奠定基础
International Space Station (ISS) - 国际空间站
合作挑战词汇
face challenges - 面临挑战
lack advanced technology - 缺乏先进技术
difficult to carry out - 难以开展
independent space missions - 独立太空任务
differences in interests - 利益差异
technical standards - 技术标准
bring obstacles - 带来障碍
solve through dialogue - 通过对话解决
negotiation among countries - 国家间谈判
未来发展词汇
exploration of Mars - 火星探索
exploration of the Moon - 月球探索
deep space areas - 深空区域
joint efforts - 共同努力
in-depth cooperation - 深入合作
explore mysteries - 探索奥秘
promote development - 促进发展/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
人教必修三Unit 4 Space Exploration
七选五专项训练
精练篇
Passage 1………………………………………………1
基础篇
Passage 2………………………………………………4
Passage 3………………………………………………7
Passage 4………………………………………………8
拔高篇
Passage 5………………………………………………11
Passage 6………………………………………………13
Passage 7………………………………………………16
精练篇
Passage 1
Writing a popular science essay on space exploration requires balancing professionalism and readability. 1 It not only helps spread astronomical knowledge but also inspires the public’s enthusiasm for space exploration.
2 You should choose a topic that is closely related to public interest, such as “How do spacecraft enter orbit ” or “The daily life of astronauts in space.” Avoid overly professional themes that are difficult for ordinary readers to understand.
3 You must verify the information from authoritative sources, such as official releases from space agencies or academic papers. Misleading content will not only undermine the credibility of the essay but also misguide readers.
4 However, you should avoid using too many professional terms; if you have to use them, be sure to explain them in simple language. For example, when mentioning “microgravity,” you can describe it as “a state where the body feels weightless, like floating in water.”
5 For instance, introducing the process of China’s Chang’e lunar exploration mission can make abstract knowledge about lunar landing more intuitive and vivid. In addition, appropriate cases can also enhance the attractiveness of the essay.
A. Firstly, selecting a suitable theme is the foundation of a high-quality popular science essay.
B. Besides, ensuring the accuracy of knowledge is crucial for space exploration essays.
C. Space exploration involves a lot of professional knowledge, which needs to be simplified for readers.
D. In addition, choosing appropriate cases to assist explanation is an effective way.
E. A good space exploration popular science essay should be both professional and easy to understand.
F. Readers are more interested in practical and close-to-life space topics.
G. It is necessary to check the latest data to ensure the timeliness of the content.
核心词组积累
1.popular science essay 科普文
2.space exploration 太空探索
3.balance professionalism and readability 平衡专业性与可读性
4.professionalism n. 专业性
5.readability n. 可读性
6.spread astronomical knowledge 传播天文知识
7.astronomical knowledge 天文知识
8.inspire the public’s enthusiasm for 激发公众对……的热情
9.select a suitable theme 选择合适的主题
10.be closely related to public interest 与公众兴趣紧密相关
11.spacecraft n. 航天器
12.enter orbit 进入轨道
13.astronauts in space 太空宇航员
14.overly professional themes 过于专业的主题
15.ordinary readers 普通读者
16.verify the information 核实信息
17.authoritative sources 权威来源
18.official releases 官方发布
19.space agencies 航天机构
20.academic papers 学术论文
21.misleading content 误导性内容
22.undermine the credibility 损害可信度
23.credibility n. 可信度、可信性
24.misguide readers 误导读者
25.professional terms 专业术语
26.microgravity n. 微重力
27.weightless adj. 失重的
28.China’s Chang’e lunar exploration mission 中国嫦娥探月工程
29.abstract knowledge 抽象知识
30.lunar landing 月球着陆
31.intuitive and vivid 直观生动的
32.assist explanation 辅助解释（assist 强调“协助”，较 help 正式）
33.enhance the attractiveness 提升吸引力
7选5解题技巧总结：
抓主旨：先通读语篇，锁定核心话题（如本文“太空探索科普短文撰写要点”）和语篇结构（总-分），明确各段分论点方向，排除与主旨无关的选项（如本题中未涉及“太空探索技术细节”的选项）。
② 找衔接：重点关注衔接词（firstly, besides, however, in addition等），根据逻辑关系（并列、递进、转折）匹配选项，如本题通过“besides”锁定递进关系的B项，通过“however”判断转折补充的C项。
③ 匹配细节：关注核心词复现（如“theme”“accuracy”“cases”）和代词指代（如第1空E项“it”指代前文“writing a popular science essay”），确保选项与前后文的细节表述高度契合，避免语义脱节。
初级篇
Passage 2
A space mission is a complex project that requires strict and systematic process design. 1 Every step must be carefully planned and verified to ensure the success of the mission.
2 This stage includes determining the mission goal (such as lunar exploration, space station maintenance, or planetary detection), conducting technical feasibility studies, and formulating a detailed implementation plan. Without clear planning, the mission is likely to encounter insurmountable difficulties.
3 Scientists and engineers need to develop and test key equipment such as spacecraft, launch vehicles, and detection instruments. The equipment must withstand extreme conditions in space, such as high temperature, low temperature, and radiation.
4 During this stage, the launch vehicle carries the spacecraft into the predetermined orbit. Ground control centers monitor the launch process in real time and adjust parameters in time if any abnormalities occur.
5 After completing the mission objectives, the spacecraft will either return to Earth as planned or continue to perform long-term detection tasks in space. The final stage also includes data sorting and result analysis of the mission.
A. Firstly, the preparation stage is the foundation of the entire space mission.
B. Secondly, the equipment development and testing stage is crucial.
C. Space missions are usually carried out by professional space agencies with advanced technology.
D. Thirdly, the launch and orbit injection stage is a critical link.
E. It involves multiple stages, from planning to implementation and final completion.
F. Finally, the mission implementation and conclusion stage marks the end of the main task.
G. The success of a space mission depends on the cooperation of multiple disciplines.
核心词汇词组积累
太空任务总体词汇
space mission - 太空任务
complex project - 复杂项目
strict process design - 严格的流程设计
systematic process - 系统化流程
carefully planned - 精心规划
mission success - 任务成功
multiple stages - 多个阶段
professional space agencies - 专业航天机构
advanced technology - 先进技术
cooperation of disciplines - 多学科合作
准备阶段词汇
preparation stage - 准备阶段
mission goal - 任务目标
lunar exploration - 月球探测
space station maintenance - 空间站维护
planetary detection - 行星探测
technical feasibility studies - 技术可行性研究
implementation plan - 实施计划
clear planning - 清晰规划
insurmountable difficulties - 无法克服的困难
foundation of mission - 任务基础
设备开发测试词汇
equipment development - 设备开发
testing stage - 测试阶段
scientists and engineers - 科学家和工程师
develop equipment - 开发设备
test equipment - 测试设备
key equipment - 关键设备
launch vehicles - 运载火箭
detection instruments - 探测仪器
withstand conditions - 承受条件
extreme conditions - 极端条件
发射入轨阶段词汇
launch stage - 发射阶段
orbit injection - 入轨
critical link - 关键环节
carry into orbit - 送入轨道
predetermined orbit - 预定轨道
ground control centers - 地面控制中心
monitor process - 监控过程
real-time monitoring - 实时监控
adjust parameters - 调整参数
abnormalities occur - 出现异常
launch vehicle - 运载火箭
任务实施结束词汇
mission implementation - 任务实施
conclusion stage - 结束阶段
complete objectives - 完成目标
return to Earth - 返回地球
long-term detection - 长期探测
data sorting - 数据整理
result analysis - 结果分析
marks the end - 标志着结束
Passage 3
Astronauts need to undergo rigorous physical training to adapt to the harsh environment of space. 1 Only with excellent physical fitness can they complete space missions smoothly.
2 This stage mainly includes aerobic exercise (such as long-distance running and swimming) to improve cardiopulmonary function, and strength training (such as weightlifting) to enhance muscle strength. These basic qualities are the premise of subsequent training.
3 For example, they need to train to resist the huge overload during launch and re-entry, and also practice movement skills in a microgravity environment. This kind of training is closely related to the actual challenges in space.
4 They will enter a large-scale neutral buoyancy pool to simulate spacewalks, or use a parabolic flight aircraft to experience short-term microgravity. These simulations help astronauts familiarize themselves with space conditions in advance.
5 The training process is long and arduous, but it is essential for ensuring the safety and success of astronauts in space.
A. The first stage is basic physical fitness training.
B. Aerobic exercise is very important for improving the body’s endurance.
C. The second stage is special adaptive training for space environment.
D. Space environment is very harsh, with microgravity and strong radiation.
E. Finally, the simulation training stage is carried out to simulate actual space tasks.
F. Muscle strength training can help astronauts carry heavy equipment in space.
G. Astronauts also need to receive psychological training to stay calm in emergencies.
核心词汇词组积累
宇航员训练总体词汇
rigorous physical training - 严格的体能训练
harsh environment of space - 严酷的太空环境
excellent physical fitness - 优秀的身体素质
complete space missions - 完成太空任务
long and arduous process - 漫长而艰苦的过程
ensure safety and success - 确保安全和成功
基础体能训练词汇
basic physical fitness training - 基础体能训练
aerobic exercise - 有氧运动
long-distance running - 长跑
cardiopulmonary function - 心肺功能
improve endurance - 提高耐力
strength training - 力量训练
enhance muscle strength - 增强肌肉力量
carry heavy equipment - 携带重装备
特殊适应性训练词汇
special adaptive training - 特殊适应性训练
space environment - 太空环境
resist overload - 抵抗超重
launch and re-entry - 发射和再入
movement skills - 运动技能
microgravity environment - 微重力环境
actual challenges - 实际挑战
strong radiation - 强辐射
模拟训练词汇
simulation training - 模拟训练
large-scale neutral buoyancy pool - 大型中性浮力池
simulate spacewalks - 模拟太空行走
actual space tasks - 实际太空任务
psychological training - 心理训练
Passage 4
Space exploration is a fascinating field that involves a lot of basic popular science knowledge. 1 Understanding these knowledge can help us better appreciate the charm of space.
2 It consists of the Sun, eight planets (including Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune), and other celestial bodies such as asteroids and comets. The Sun is the center of the solar system, providing light and heat for all planets.
3 For example, the temperature in space can range from hundreds of degrees Celsius above zero to hundreds of degrees below zero. In addition, there is almost no air in space, so astronauts must rely on spacesuits to breathe and maintain body temperature.
4 Common ones include spacecraft (such as Shenzhou series), launch vehicles (such as Long March series), and space stations (such as the Tiangong space station). These tools are designed to withstand the harsh space environment and complete exploration tasks.
5 With the continuous development of science and technology, we will learn more about the mysteries of space.
A. Firstly, the composition of the solar system is a basic knowledge point of space exploration.
B. Space environment is extremely harsh and very different from the Earth’s environment.
C. Space exploration tools are the key to entering and exploring space.
D. The Sun is the largest celestial body in the solar system.
E. These knowledge points cover celestial bodies, space environment, and exploration tools.
F. Astronauts need to undergo special training to adapt to space environment.
G. Many countries are actively carrying out space exploration projects.
核心词汇词组积累
太空探索总体词汇
space exploration - 太空探索
fascinating field - 迷人的领域
basic popular science knowledge - 基础科普知识
appreciate the charm - 欣赏魅力
mysteries of space - 太空的奥秘
continuous development - 持续发展
science and technology - 科学技术
太阳系组成词汇
solar system - 太阳系
Mercury - 水星
Venus - 金星
Earth - 地球
Mars - 火星
Jupiter - 木星
Saturn - 土星
Uranus - 天王星
Neptune - 海王星
celestial bodies - 天体
asteroids - 小行星
comets - 彗星
center of solar system - 太阳系中心
provide light and heat - 提供光和热
太空环境词汇
space environment - 太空环境
extremely harsh - 极其严酷
temperature range - 温度范围
maintain body temperature - 维持体温
探索工具词汇
space exploration tools - 太空探索工具
key to entering space - 进入太空的关键
Shenzhou series - 神舟系列
launch vehicles - 运载火箭
Long March series - 长征系列
space stations - 空间站
Tiangong space station - 天宫空间站
withstand harsh environment - 承受严酷环境
complete exploration tasks - 完成探索任务
国际合作发展词汇
actively carrying out - 积极开展
exploration projects - 探索项目
international cooperation - 国际合作
高级篇
Passage 5
The development of space resources has become a hot topic in the global aerospace field. 1 It is regarded as an important way to solve the shortage of Earth resources and promote the sustainable development of human society.
From the perspective of prospects, space is rich in various resources. 2 For example, the Moon is rich in helium-3, a clean energy source that is scarce on Earth. Asteroids also contain a large amount of precious metals such as gold and platinum, which have high economic value.
In addition, the unique environment of space can also be used as a resource. 3 This environment is conducive to the research and development of new materials, the production of special drugs, and the carrying out of astronomical observations.
4 The high cost of space exploration is one of the biggest obstacles—building launch vehicles, developing detection equipment, and carrying out on-orbit operations require a huge amount of investment. Moreover, the harsh space environment poses great risks to equipment and personnel safety.
Furthermore, there are currently no unified international rules for the development of space resources. 5 To promote the healthy development of space resource development, countries around the world need to strengthen cooperation, formulate unified rules, and jointly tackle technical and economic challenges.
A. Space resources have broad application prospects in energy, materials, and other fields.
B. However, the development of space resources is also faced with enormous challenges.
C. The microgravity, high vacuum, and strong radiation environment in space is different from that on Earth.
D. This may lead to disputes over resource ownership and development rights among countries.
E. Many countries have launched space exploration missions to detect space resources.
F. The development of space resources requires the joint efforts of multiple disciplines and fields.
G. It not only has broad prospects but also faces many challenges.
核心词汇词组积累
太空资源开发总体词汇
space resource development - 太空资源开发
global aerospace field - 全球航天领域
solve shortage - 解决短缺
Earth resources - 地球资源
sustainable development - 可持续发展
broad prospects - 广阔前景
face challenges - 面临挑战
资源前景词汇
application prospects - 应用前景
rich in resources - 资源丰富
clean energy source - 清洁能源
scarce on Earth - 地球上稀缺
economic value - 经济价值
太空环境词汇
unique environment - 独特环境
different from Earth - 与地球不同
conducive to - 有利于
research and development - 研发
new materials - 新材料
special drugs - 特殊药物
astronomical observations - 天文观测
开发挑战词汇
enormous challenges - 巨大挑战
high cost - 高成本
biggest obstacles - 最大障碍
building launch vehicles - 建造运载火箭
developing detection equipment - 开发探测设备
on-orbit operations - 在轨操作
huge investment - 巨额投资
harsh environment - 严酷环境
pose risks - 带来风险
equipment safety - 设备安全
personnel safety - 人员安全
国际合作规则词汇
unified international rules - 统一的国际规则
lead to disputes - 导致争议
resource ownership - 资源所有权
development rights - 开发权
strengthen cooperation - 加强合作
formulate rules - 制定规则
jointly tackle - 共同应对
technical challenges - 技术挑战
economic challenges - 经济挑战
multiple disciplines - 多学科
joint efforts - 共同努力
Passage 6
Aerospace popular science education for teenagers is of great significance to the cultivation of aerospace talents and the development of the national aerospace industry. 1 It can not only arouse teenagers’ interest in science and technology but also lay a solid foundation for the reserve of aerospace talents.
The importance of aerospace popular science education is first reflected in inspiring teenagers’ scientific curiosity. 2 Through understanding the mysteries of space exploration, teenagers will be more willing to learn scientific knowledge and explore the unknown world.
Secondly, it helps to cultivate teenagers’ innovative thinking and practical ability. 3 For example, participating in aerospace model making and space exploration simulation activities can enable teenagers to apply scientific knowledge to practice and improve their hands-on ability.
4 Schools can set up aerospace popular science courses, invite aerospace experts to give lectures, and organize visits to aerospace museums. Families can accompany teenagers to watch aerospace launch live broadcasts and read popular science books on space exploration.
In addition, social forces can also play an important role. 5 Only by integrating the efforts of schools, families, and society can we effectively promote the development of aerospace popular science education for teenagers and cultivate more aerospace talents for the country.
A. Scientific curiosity is the driving force for teenagers to explore and learn.
B. The implementation of aerospace popular science education requires the joint efforts of schools, families, and society.
C. Aerospace popular science activities can stimulate teenagers’ interest in science and technology.
D. Social organizations can hold aerospace science and technology competitions and popular science exhibitions.
E. Innovative thinking is an essential quality for aerospace talents.
F. It also helps to enhance teenagers’ sense of national pride and patriotism.
G. Schools are the main position for aerospace popular science education.
核心词汇词组积累
航天科普教育总体词汇
aerospace popular science education - 航天科普教育
great significance - 重要意义
cultivation of talents - 人才培养
national aerospace industry - 国家航天产业
arouse interest - 激发兴趣
science and technology - 科学技术
lay solid foundation - 奠定坚实基础
reserve of talents - 人才储备
教育重要性词汇
importance of education - 教育重要性
inspiring curiosity - 激发好奇心
scientific curiosity - 科学好奇心
driving force - 驱动力
explore and learn - 探索和学习
mysteries of space - 太空奥秘
space exploration - 太空探索
scientific knowledge - 科学知识
national pride - 民族自豪感
patriotism - 爱国主义
能力培养词汇
cultivate thinking - 培养思维
innovative thinking - 创新思维
practical ability - 实践能力
essential quality - 必备素质
aerospace talents - 航天人才
apply knowledge - 应用知识
improve ability - 提高能力
hands-on ability - 动手能力
participate in activities - 参与活动
aerospace model making - 航天模型制作
space exploration simulation - 太空探索模拟
aerospace popular science courses - 航天科普课程
invite experts - 邀请专家
aerospace experts - 航天专家
organize visits - 组织参观
aerospace museums - 航天博物馆
Passage 7
International space cooperation has a long history and has achieved remarkable achievements in the process of development. 1 In the early days, the cooperation was mainly focused on scientific exploration and data sharing.
2 For example, the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project in 1975, which was a cooperation between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War, marked the first manned space cooperation between the two superpowers. This project broke the ice of space competition and laid the foundation for future international space cooperation.
With the passage of time, international space cooperation has become more extensive and in-depth. 3 The International Space Station (ISS), which involves 16 countries including the United States, Russia, Europe, Japan, and Canada, is a typical example of large-scale international space cooperation. It has been operating in orbit for more than 20 years and has carried out a large number of scientific experiments.
4 For instance, some countries lack advanced aerospace technology and funds, making it difficult to carry out independent space missions. In addition, differences in interests and technical standards among countries also bring certain obstacles to cooperation.
5 The exploration of Mars, the Moon, and other deep space areas requires the joint efforts of all countries. Only through in-depth cooperation can we better explore the mysteries of the universe and promote the common development of human aerospace cause.
A. Early international space cooperation projects laid an important foundation for subsequent cooperation.
B. However, international space cooperation also faces some challenges.
C. The future of international space cooperation is closely related to the development of human aerospace.
D. Many important international space cooperation projects have been carried out in history.
E. In recent years, more and more countries have participated in international space cooperation.
F. The International Space Station has become an important platform for international space cooperation.
G. These challenges need to be solved through dialogue and negotiation among countries.
核心词汇词组积累
国际合作总体词汇
international space cooperation - 国际太空合作
remarkable achievements - 显著成就
development process - 发展过程
scientific exploration - 科学探索
extensive and in-depth - 广泛而深入
common development - 共同发展
human aerospace cause - 人类航天事业
manned space cooperation - 载人太空合作
broke the ice - 打破僵局
space competition - 太空竞争
laid the foundation - 奠定基础
International Space Station (ISS) - 国际空间站
合作挑战词汇
face challenges - 面临挑战
lack advanced technology - 缺乏先进技术
difficult to carry out - 难以开展
independent space missions - 独立太空任务
differences in interests - 利益差异
technical standards - 技术标准
bring obstacles - 带来障碍
solve through dialogue - 通过对话解决
negotiation among countries - 国家间谈判
未来发展词汇
exploration of Mars - 火星探索
exploration of the Moon - 月球探索
deep space areas - 深空区域
joint efforts - 共同努力
in-depth cooperation - 深入合作
explore mysteries - 探索奥秘
promote development - 促进发展
