(共42张PPT)
介词
如何判断填介词
典例印证
(2024·全国甲卷)This area,with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved ________ all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park.
[分析] 第一步:确定填介词。分析句子成分可知,此处考查介词的用法。
第二步:确定答案。句意:这个地区拥有独特而令人惊叹的自然美景,必须作为国家公园加以保护,让全国人民都能享受自然之美。for “(表示对象、用途等)给,对,供”。
[答案]__for__
解题攻略
一、分析句子结构,发现名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时,其前面一般填介词
二、分析句子结构,发现设空处在不及物动词后名词前时,应考虑动词与介词的搭配;
三、分析句子结构,发现设空处在形容词后名词前时,应考虑形容词与介词的搭配。
(1)方位介词:at, in, on, to, above, across, along, among, around, below, beside, between, down, near, off, over, through, towards, under, up等;
(2)时间介词:after, before, at, by, during, for, from, in, on, over, since, through, till, until, within, between等;
(3)表示工具、手段、方式的介词:by, on, over, with, in等;
(4)表示原因的介词:with, for,from, of, over等;
(5)表示支持、反对的介词:for, against等;
(6)表示 “除……之外”的介词:besides, except, except for, but, apart from等;
(6)表示有或没有的介词:with, without等。
1.表示时间的介词at, on, in
①at表示在某一时刻或时间点。
at 8 a.m., at dawn, at dusk, at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the moment, at Christmas, at New Year等。
②on指具体的或特定的日子。
on Monday, on Christmas Eve, on May Day, on a warm morning, on September 12th, on that day等。
③in表示在某段时间内,如:年、月、日、周、季节、上午、下午等。
in the morning/afternoon/evening, in October, in 2008, in the 21st century, in summer, in the past, in the future, in five days等。
2.表示时间的for, since与from
①for后接时间段的名词词组,表示行为状态持续了多久。如:
Mr. Brown lived in that little village for nearly thirty years.
布朗先生在那个小山村住了差不多30年。
②since后接过去某一时间点,表示“自从……以来”,常与现在完成时、现在完成进行时连用。如:
We haven’t seen each other since 2005.
自从2005年以来,我们彼此没见过面。
③from“自……起”,可与多种时态连用。如:
The museum is open from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. every day.
博物馆每天从上午 9 点开放到下午 5 点。
They are working from dawn to dusk to meet the deadline.
他们正从早到晚工作以赶在截止日期前完成。
3.表示时间的in与after
①in+时间段,一般用于将来时。如:We will be back in three days. 我们将在3天后回来。
②after+时间段,一般用于过去时。如:After two months, he returned. 两个月后,他回来了。
注意:after+时间点,可用于过去时和将来时。如:
The meeting ended, and after an hour, everyone left. 会议结束了,一个小时后,所有人都离开了。
My father will be back from abroad in three days. 我父亲3天后从国外回来。
4.表示时间的before, by, till/until, beyond
①before 的用法:before “早于;在……之前”。如:
The new road will be completed before the end of the year.
这条新道路将在年底以前建成。
②by 的用法:表示“不迟于……”;表示“在……时间内”。如:
All of you are to arrive at school by seven o'clock.
你们所有人必须在7点钟前到校。
③until 和 till 的用法:
until 是比较正式的用法。在肯定句中和延续性动词连用,表示动作一直持续到 until 后面的时间为止;在否定句中和非延续性动词连用,表示该动作直到 until 后面的时间才开始。till 意义与 until 相同。如:
He works from morning till night, day after day.他日复一日从早工作到晚。
④ beyond 表示“(时间)过了,比……晚,迟于” 。如:
It won't go on beyond midnight. 这事不会延续到午夜以后。
1.表示方位的介词in, on, to, off
四个词都可表示两地之间的方位关系。
in 表示在某范围之内;
to 表示在某范围之外;
on 表示“毗邻”“接壤”;
off 则强调两地间隔着一小段距离。如:
Guangdong is in the south of China. 广东省在中国的南部。
North Korea lies on the east of China. 朝鲜与中国的东部接壤。
Japan lies to the east of China. 日本在中国的东方。
There are some small islands off the southeast coast of China.
在中国东南沿海附近有一些小岛。
2.表示地点的介词at, in, on
at表示在相对较小的地方;可用于门牌号码前;
in表示在相对较大的地方,表示在某物的里面;
on表示在物体表面。
My uncle lives at 105 Green Street. 我叔叔住在格林大街 105 号。
He arrived in Beijing on Wednesday. 他星期三到达了北京。
The cup is on the table. 杯子在桌子上。
3.表示穿越的介词through, across与over
through指从内部穿过;
across则指表面上的横穿;
over指从上方过去、跨越。
如:
He walked across the field. 他走过田地。
The horse jumped over the fence. 马跳过了栅栏。
They were suddenly plunged into darkness as the train went through a tunnel. 火车穿过隧道,他们顿时陷入黑暗之中。
4.表示在……之间的介词between 和among
①between一般表示两者之间;有时虽然是三个以上的人或事物,但如果强调两两相互间的关系,仍用between。
You are to sit between your father and me.
你就坐在我和你父亲之间吧。
②among多表示“在……之间(指三者或三者以上,或笼统的一群人或一些物之间)”。
I found the letter among his papers.
我在他的文件中找到了这封信。
5.表示上下的介词above, below, over, under, on, beneath
above 在某物的斜上方;
below 在某物的斜下方;
over 在某物的正上方;
under 在某物的正下方;
on 在某物的上面(两者接触);
beneath 在某物的下面(两者接触)
We were flying above the clouds. 我们在云层上面飞行。
Please do not write below this line. 请不要写到这条线下面。
She put a blanket over the sleeping child. 她给熟睡的孩子盖上毯子。
The dog squeezed under the gate and ran into the road.
介词against用法
1.反对(反义词for)
Are you for or against the plan
你对这个计划是赞成还是反对呢
2.违背,违抗,违反
What you have done is against the law.
所做的事情是违法的。
3.紧靠;倚
The teacher’s desk is against the wall.
老师的办公桌靠墙放着。
介词against用法
4.迎着;逆着
We are sailing against the wind.(with the wind表示“顺风”)
我们的船正在逆风行驶。
5.撞击,碰着
The rain was beating against the windows. 雨点拍打着窗户。
6.映衬;相映;对照
The red flag looks very bright against the blue sky.
红旗在蓝天的衬托下显得十分鲜艳。
7.不利于
an evidence against him 一个对他不利的证据
介词by用法
1.表示时间
by +将来时间 :表示“到……末尾为止,在……之前”,主句时态通常用一般将来时。by+过去时间:表示“在……期间,到……时候为止”,主句时态通常用过去完成时。
We will finish the task by the end of this month. 我们将在本月底完成这项任务。
2.表示通过方式或手段
by+交通工具:表示出行方式,如by car乘车、by bike骑自行车等。by doing sth:表示做某事的方式或手段。
He went to work by bus. 他乘公共汽车去上班。
We can learn English by listening to songs. 我们可以通过听歌学英语。
3.表示方位
by意为“靠近,在……旁边”或“沿着”。
She stood by the window.她站在窗户旁边。
介词by用法
4.表示被动
用于引导动作执行者,表示被动
I was frightened by the noise.我被那响声吓坏了。
5.表示原因,含有“因为,由于”之意
by表示原因,含有“因为,由于”之意。by mistake 由于疏忽,无意中;by chance/accident碰巧地、偶然地。
I took your umbrella by mistake. 我误拿了你的雨伞。
6.表示程度、数量
by与动词increase, reduce, surpass, go by等连用,表示程度、数量增减。
House prices went up by 10%.房价上涨了10%。
介词by用法
7.表示时间或量度单位例
by +the +hour/metere/yard/表示“按……计算”。
They're paid by the hour.他们的报酬是按小时计算的。
8.表示乘除运算
6 divided by 2 equals 3.6除以2等于3。
9.表示肢体接触
“by+身体部位名词或衣服名词”表示被抓住身体/衣物的某一部分。
Suddenly she caught him by the ear. 突然间她抓住了他的耳朵。
The policeman took the thief by the hand. 警察抓住了小偷的手。
10.用于固定搭配
常用的固定搭配by means of用……方法,by hand 手工地,by heart 熟记,牢记,by oneself 独自地,单独地;day by day 一天天地,little by little 渐渐;逐渐地。
介词with用法
1. 表示伴随
with用来描述伴随的人或物。
I went to the party with my friend.我和我的朋友一起去参加了派对。
2. 表示工具或手段
with用来描述进行某项活动时所使用的工具或手段。
He cut the bread with a knife. 他用刀切面包。
3.表示特征或状态
with用来描述某物的特征、外观或状态,
A house with a red roof.一个带有红色屋顶的房子。
介词with用法
4. 表示因果关系:with用来表示某种情况的原因或条件。
He was trembling with fear.他因害怕而颤抖。
5. 表示关系:with用来描述事物之间的关系或相互作用。
She has a good relationship with her boss.她与她的老板关系很好。
6. 表示方法或方式:with用来描述进行某事的方法。
She solved the problem with ease.她轻松地解决了这个问题。
7. 表示支持或反对:with用来表示同意或反对某事。
Are you with me on this decision 你支持我的这个决定吗?
介词with用法
8.表示时间:with用来描述时间相关的情况。
With winter coming, the days are getting shorter.
随着冬天的到来,白天变得越来越短。
9.表示妥协或对比:with用来描述在不同条件下的对比或妥协。
With all her faults, I still like her.尽管她有很多缺点,我还是喜欢她。
10.用于with复合宾语结构:with用于复合宾语结构,在句中作定语或状语。
With tears rolling down her cheeks, the girl stared at the broken vase.
泪水顺着脸颊滑落,女孩盯着破碎的花瓶。
介词for用法
1.因为;由于
Thank you for coming to see me. 谢谢你来看我。
For several reasons, I’d rather not meet her. 由于种种原因,我宁愿不见她。
2.(表示目的地或方向)向;前往
They’ll leave for Beijing tomorrow. 明天他们动身去北京。
Is this the train for Shanghai 这是开往上海的火车吗?
3.支持;赞成(反义词against)
Are you for or against the plan?你是支持还是反对这个计划?
4.就…而言;相对…来说(表示相对来说不寻常)
He’s done well for a beginner. 作为新手,他干得很好。
介词for用法
5.对于;至于;关于
It would be excellent experience for him to travel a little.
对他来说,偶尔出去旅游会是很不错的经历。
6.(表示时间、距离、数量)持续,达
For a few minutes she sat on her bed watching the clock.
她坐在床上盯着时钟看了几分钟。
7.(表示目的或功能)为了;用于
They went out for a walk. 他们出去散步了。
8. (与不定式连用引出逻辑上的主语)
It is dangerous for a small child to cross the road alone. 小孩子自己过马路很危险。
9.用于一些短语中
for good永远地, for short 简称, for the first time 第一次, for the sake of…为了…, word for word 逐字逐句地, for fear that +从句,唯恐, for example例如, except for…除了, leave for…动身去, prepare for准备stand for代表
1.at+名词
at war 交战
at ease 自在
at midnight在午夜
at dawn在黎明
at sunset在日落时分
at present目前
at length详细地
2.in+名词
in action 在运转
in progress 在进行
in operation 在运行中
in use 开始使用
in sight 看得见
in store 贮藏着
in trouble 处于困境中
in danger 处于危险中
in need 处于需要中
(1)介词+名词搭配
3.on+名词
on foot 步行
on purpose 故意
on sale 打折出售
on fire 着火
on display 展出
on average 平均来说
on guard 在值勤
on strike 在罢工
on board 乘(飞机、船)
on the contrary 相反
(1)介词+名词搭配
2.in+名词
in order 有序
in detail 详细地
in general 总体来说
in person 亲自
in total 总共
in short 简言之
in turn 依次
in advance 提前
in addition 此外
in case 以防万一
in honour of 为了纪念
in return 作为报答
4.under+名词
under control 在被控制之中
under discussion 在被讨论中
under test 在被测试
under construction 在被建设中
under consideration 在被考虑中
under repair 在被修理中
under arrest 被被逮捕中
under attack 在被袭击中
under pressure 处于压力下
5.beyond+名词
beyond belief 难以置信
beyond control 无法控制
beyond comparison 无可比拟
beyond description 难以形容
beyond expression 无法表达
beyond suspicion 无可怀疑
(1)介词+名词搭配
(2)介词与动词搭配
remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事
go back to/date from 追溯到
consist of 由……组成
come about 发生
account for 占……比例;说明……的原因
belong to 属于
(3)介词与形容词搭配
be curious about... 对……感到好奇
be associated with... 与……有关
be rich in... 在……方面丰富
be similar to... 与……相似
be famous for... 因……而著名
数词
1.基数词变序数词
(1)一般由基数词加-th构成:
six→sixth seven→seventh
ten→tenth hundred→hundredth
(2)以y结尾的基数词,先把y变为ie,再加-th:
twenty→twentieth thirty→thirtieth
(3)不规则变化:
one→first two→second
three→third five→fifth
eight→eighth nine→ninth
twelve→twelfth
1 one first 1st第一
2 two second 2nd 第 二
3 three third 3rd 第三
4 four fourth 4th 第四
5 five fifth 5th 第五
6 six sixth 6th 第六
7 seven seventh 7th 第七
8 eight eighth 8th 第八
9 nine ninth 9th 第九
10 ten tenth 10th 第十
11 eleven eleventh 11th 第十一
12 twelve twelfth 12th 第十二
13 thirteen thirteenth 13th第十三
14 fourteen fourteenth 14th第十四
15 fifteen fifteenth 15th 第十五
16 sixteen sixteenth 16th第十六
17 seventeen seventeenth 17th第十七
18 eighteen eighteenth 18th第十八
19 nineteen nineteenth 19th 第十九
20 twenty twentieth 20th 第二十
30 thirty thirtieth 30th第三十
40 forty fortieth 40th 第四十
50 fifty fiftieth 50th 第五十
60 sixty sixtieth 60th 第六十
70 seventy seventieth 70th 第七十
80 eighty eightieth 80th 第八十
90 ninety ninetieth 90th 第九十
100 hundred hundredth100th第一百
典题试做
1.(2023·全国甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop's fables date to the ________ (six) century B.C.
2.(2024·长沙长郡中学三模)To promote the art, Zheng opened a unique wood carving gallery, which is the ________ (one) in Putian run by an individual and free to the public.
sixth
first
2.年龄、年代表达法
(1)表达“在某人几十多岁”时,用“in one's+整十基数词的复数”,如:in one's fifties 在某人五十多岁时;
(2)表达“在几十年代时”,用“in the+整十基数词的复数”,如:in the thirties 在三十年代。
4.It is known to all that there were two world wars in the________ (twenty) century, which greatly changed the world situation.
5.There I met a gentleman by the name of Kurien in his late________ (eighty).
6.Back in the________ (ninety), he would remain at the zoo for almost three months to stay with the pandas during the breeding season.
twentieth
eighties
nineties
并列连词
并列连词“连连看”:
1.并列关系:and/as well as; both ... and ...; not only ... but also ...
2.选择关系:or/otherwise; either ... or; neither ... nor; not ... but ...
3.转折关系:but/yet, however
4.因果关系:for, so, thus, therefore
5.对比关系:while
并列连词固定句式:
1.when意为“正在这时(突然)”, 用于下列固定句式:
was/were doing... when...
was/were about to do... when...
be on the point of doing... when...
had just done... when...
2.祈使句+and/or+陈述句
典题试做
1.(2024·青岛二中四检)The project not only marks a significant advancement in the application of AI in agriculture, ________ underlines the cooperation between academics and industry.
2.(2024·浙江1月卷) Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home ________ you can't use what you've bought while it's still fresh.
3.(2023·全国乙卷)It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn't work, ________ somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.
but
or
and
4.(2024·山西考前适应测试)Velcro (尼龙搭扣) was invented by the Swiss engineer George de Mestral in 1955.He was walking in the countryside ________ he pulled a burr (刺果) off his trousers. He noticed how well the burr stuck to his clothes so he studied its design.
5.Still, eat well and enjoy yourself every day in life, ________ you will get a worthwhile reward.
when
and